erdbeben.bib

@article{aagaard13,
  author = {Aagaard, B.T. and Knepley, M.G. and Williams, C.A.},
  title = {A domain decomposition approach to implementing
                  fault slip in finite-element models of quasi-static
                  and dynamic crustal deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {3059--3079}
}
@misc{abaqus,
  author = {Abaqus},
  year = 2016,
  howpublished = {Software product, online at
                  \url{http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/},
                  accessed 11/2016}
}
@article{abbassi1992,
  author = {Abbassi, M. R. and Mancktelow, N. S.},
  title = {Single Layer Buckle Folding in Nonlinear Materials:
                  1. Experimental-Study of Fold Development from an
                  Isolated Initial Perturbation},
  journal = {J. Struc. Geology},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {85--104},
  year = 1992
}
@article{abbate84,
  author = {Abbate, E.},
  title = {Pre-orogenic Tectonics and Metamorphism in Western
                  {T}ethys {O}phiolites},
  journal = {Ofioliti},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {245--278}
}
@article{abe05,
  author = {Abe, S. and Mair, K.},
  title = {{Grain fracture in 3D numerical simulations of
                  granular shear}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  number = {L05305},
  doi = {1029/2004GL022123}
}
@article{abercrombie05,
  title = {Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain
                  slip weakening?},
  author = {Abercrombie, Rachel E and Rice, James R},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 162,
  pages = {406--424},
  year = 2005
}
@article{abercrombie21,
  author = {Abercrombie, R. E.},
  title = {Resolution and uncertainties in estimates of
                  earthquake stress drop and energy release},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 379,
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.2020.0131}
}
@article{abercrombie21b,
  title = {Does earthquake stress drop increase with depth in
                  the crust?},
  author = {Abercrombie, Rachel E and Trugman, Daniel T and
                  Shearer, Peter M and Chen, Xiaowei and Zhang, Jiewen
                  and Pennington, Colin N and Hardebeck, Jeanne L and
                  Goebel, Thomas HW and Ruhl, Christine J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2021JB022314}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{abercrombie93,
  title = {{Source parameters of small earthquakes recorded at
                  2.5 km depth, Cajon Pass, southern California:
                  implications for earthquake scaling}},
  author = {Abercrombie, Rachel and Leary, Peter},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1511--1514},
  year = 1993
}
@article{abercrombie95,
  title = {Earthquake source scaling relationships from $-1$ to
                  5 {ML} using seismograms recorded at 2.5-km depth},
  author = {Abercrombie, Rachel E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {24015--24036},
  year = 1995
}
@article{abercrombie96,
  author = {Abercrombie, R. E.},
  title = {The magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes
                  recorded with deep seismometers at {Cajon Pass},
                  southern California },
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 261,
  pages = {1--7}
}
@article{abers00,
  author = {Abers, G. A.},
  title = {Hydrated subducted crust at 100-250 km depth},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {323--330}
}
@article{abers01,
  author = {Abers, G. A. and J. W. Gephart},
  title = {Direct inversion of earthquake first motions for
                  both the stress tensor and focal mechanisms and
                  application to southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {26523--26540}
}
@article{abers03,
  author = {Abers, G. A. and T. Plank and B. R. Hacker},
  title = {{The wet Nicaragua slab}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = {L1098},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL015649}
}
@article{abers05,
  title = {Seismic low-velocity layer at the top of subducting
                  slabs: observations, predictions, and systematics},
  author = {Abers, Geoffrey A},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 149,
  pages = {7--29},
  year = 2005
}
@article{abers06,
  author = {Abers, G.A. and P. E. van Keken and E. A. Kneller
                  and A. Ferris and J. C. Stachnik},
  title = {The thermal structure of subduction zones
                  constrained by seismic imaging: implications for
                  slab dehydration and wedge flow},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 241,
  pages = {387--397}
}
@article{abers09,
  title = {{Imaging the source region of Cascadia tremor and
                  intermediate-depth earthquakes}},
  author = {Abers, Geoffrey A and MacKenzie, Laura S and
                  Rondenay, St{\'e}phane and Zhang, Zhu and Wech,
                  Aaron G and Creager, Kenneth C},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {1119--1122},
  year = 2009
}
@article{abers17,
  author = {G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken and B. R. Hacker},
  title = {The cold and relatively dry nature of mantle
                  forearcs in subduction zones},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {333--337}
}
@article{abolfathian20,
  title = {{Variations of stress parameters in the Southern
                  California plate boundary around the South Central
                  Transverse Ranges}},
  author = {Abolfathian, Niloufar and Mart{\'\i}nez-Garz{\'o}n,
                  Patricia and Ben-Zion, Yehuda},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2020JB019482}},
  year = 2020
}
@book{abramowitz64,
  editor = {Abramowitz, Milton and Stegun, Irene A},
  title = {Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas,
                  graphs, and mathematical tables},
  publisher = {National Bureau of Standards},
  year = 1964,
  volume = 55,
  series = {Applied Mathematics Series},
  address = {Washington DC},
  edition = 5
}
@book{abramowitz72,
  author = {Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A.},
  title = {Handbook of Mathematical functions},
  publisher = {Dover Publications, Inc.},
  year = 1972
}
@article{abramson97,
  author = {Abramson, E. H. and Brown, J. M. and Slutsky,
                  L. J. and Zaug, J.},
  title = {The elastic constants of {S}an {C}arlos olivine up
                  to 17 {GPa}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {12253--12263}
}
@article{abt08,
  author = {Abt, D. L. and Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {Resolving three-dimensional anisotropic structure
                  with shear-wave splitting tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {859--886}
}
@article{abt09,
  author = {D. L. Abt and K. M. Fischer and G. A. Abers and
                  W. Strauch and J. M. Protti and V. Gonz{\'{a}}lez},
  title = {{Shear wave anisotropy beneath Nicaragua and Costa
                  Rica: Implications for flow in the mantle wedge}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q05S15},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002375}
}
@article{abt10,
  author = {Abt, D. and Fischer, K. M. and French, S. W. and
                  Ford, H. A. and Yuan, H. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {{North American lithospheric discontinuity structure
                  imaged by Ps and Sp receiver functions}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B09301},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006914}
}
@article{acrivos71,
  author = {Acrivos, A.},
  title = {Heat transfer at high {P}{\'{e}}clet number from a
                  small sphere freely rotating in a simple shear
                  field},
  journal = {J. Fluid. Mech.},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 46,
  pages = {233--240}
}
@article{adam12,
  title = {{Azimuthal anisotropy beneath southern Africa from
                  very broad-band surface-wave dispersion
                  measurements}},
  author = {Adam, J. M.-C. and Lebedev, S.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 191,
  pages = {155--174},
  year = 2012
}
@article{adams10,
  author = {Adams, D. C. and E. D. Humphreys},
  title = {{New constraints on the properties of the
                  Yellowstone mantle plume from $P$ and $S$ wave
                  attenuation tomography}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12311},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006864}
}
@article{affolter2004,
  author = {Affolter, T. and Gratier, J.-P.},
  title = {Map view retrodeformation of an arcuate
                  fold-and-thrust belt: The {J}ura case},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002270},
  year = 2004
}
@article{afonso10,
  author = {Afonso, J. C. and Ranalli, G. and Fernandez, M. and
                  Griffin, W. L. and O'Reilly, S. Y. and Faul, U.},
  title = {{On the Vp/Vs–Mg# correlation in mantle peridotites:
                  implications for the identification of thermal and
                  compositional anomalies in the upper mantle}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 289,
  pages = {606--618}
}
@article{agard09,
  author = {Agard, P. and Yamato, P. and Jolivet, L. and Burov,
                  E.},
  title = {Exhumation of oceanic blueschists and eclogites in
                  subduction zones: timing and mechanisms},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {53--79}
}
@article{agard18,
  author = {Agard, P. and Plunder, A. and Angiboust, S. and
                  Bonnet, G. and Ruh, J.},
  title = {The subduction plate interface: Rock record and
                  mechanical coupling (from long to short timescales)},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 320,
  pages = {537--566}
}
@article{agata19,
  author = {R. Agata and S. D. Barbot and K. Fujita and M. Hyodo
                  and T. Iinuma and R. Nakata and T. Ichimura and
                  Takane Hori},
  title = {Rapid mantle flow with power-law creep explains
                  deformation after the 2011 {T}ohoku mega-quake},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1--11}
}
@incollection{agee98,
  author = {Agee, C. B.},
  title = {Phase transformations and seismic structure in the
                  upper mantle and transition zone},
  booktitle = {Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy. {P}hysics and
                  Chemistry of the {E}arth's Deep Interior},
  pages = {165--203},
  publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America},
  year = 1998,
  editor = {Hemley, R. J.},
  volume = 37,
  series = {Reviews in Mineralogy},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{agius14,
  author = {Agius, M. R. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {{Shear-velocity structure, radial anisotropy and
                  dynamics of the Tibetan crust}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {1395--1415}
}
@article{agius17,
  title = {{Complex, multilayered azimuthal anisotropy beneath
                  Tibet: evidence for co-existing channel flow and
                  pure-shear crustal thickening}},
  author = {Agius, M. R. and Lebedev, S.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 210,
  pages = {1823--1844},
  year = 2017
}
@techreport{agnew12,
  author = {Agnew, D. C.},
  title = {{SPOTL}: Some Programs for Ocean-Tide Loading},
  institution = {Scripps Institution of Oceanography},
  year = 2012
}
@article{agnew86,
  author = {Agnew, D. C. },
  title = {Strainmeters and tiltmeters},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {579--624}
}
@article{agrusta14,
  title = {The effect of metastable pyroxene on the slab
                  dynamics},
  author = {Agrusta, Roberto and Van Hunen, Jeroen and Goes,
                  Saskia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {8800--8808},
  year = 2014
}
@article{agrusta17,
  author = {Agrusta, R. and Goes, S. and van Hunen, J.},
  title = {Subducting-slab transition zone interaction:
                  stagnation, penetration and mode switches},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 464,
  pages = {10--23}
}
@article{aiaa20_dt,
  title = {Digital twin: Definition \& value},
  author = {{AIAA}},
  journal = {AIAA and AIA Position Paper},
  note = {{AIAA} Digital Engineering Integration Committee and
                  others, available oneline at
                  \url{www.aia-aerospace.org/wp-content/uploads/Digital-Twin-Institute-Position-Paper-December-2020-1.pdf},
                  accessed 12/2023},
  year = 2020
}
@article{airy55,
  title = {{III. On the computation of the effect of the
                  attraction of mountain-masses, as disturbing the
                  apparent astronomical latitude of stations in
                  geodetic surveys}},
  author = {Airy, George Biddell},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London},
  volume = 145,
  pages = {101--104},
  year = 1855,
  publisher = {The Royal Society London}
}
@article{aitchison00,
  title = {{Remnants of a Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction
                  system within the Yarlung--Zangbo suture (southern
                  Tibet)}},
  author = {Aitchison, Jonathan C and Davis, Aileen M and Liu,
                  Jianbing and Luo, Hui and Malpas, John G and
                  McDermid, Isabella RC and Wu, Hiyun and Ziabrev,
                  Sergei V and Zhou, Mei-fu and others},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 183,
  pages = {231--244},
  year = 2000
}
@article{aitchison07,
  author = {Aitchison, J. C. and Ali, J. R. and Davis, A. M.},
  title = {When and where did {India and Asia} collide?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B05423},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004706}
}
@incollection{akaike77,
  author = {Akaike, H.},
  title = {On entropy},
  booktitle = {Applications of Statistics},
  pages = {27--41},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  year = 1977,
  editor = {Krishnaiah, P. R.},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@article{akaogi99a,
  author = {Akaogi, M. and Ito, E.},
  title = {Calorimetric study on majorite-perovskite transition
                  in the system
                  Mg$_4$Si$_4$O$_12$-Mg$_3$Al$_2$Si$_3$O_$12$:
                  transition boundaries with positive
                  pressure-temperature slopes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 114,
  pages = {129--140}
}
@article{akaogi99b,
  author = {Akaogi, M. and Hamada, Y. and Suzuki, T. and
                  Kobayashi, M.},
  title = {{High pressure transitions in the system
                  MgAl$_2$O$_4$-CaAl$_2$O$_4$: a new hexagonal
                  aluminous phase with implication for the lower
                  mantle}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 115,
  pages = {67--77}
}
@book{aki02,
  author = {Aki, K. and Richards, P. G.},
  title = {Quantitative Seismology},
  publisher = {University Science Books},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Sausalito, California},
  edition = 2
}
@incollection{aki02b,
  author = {Aki, Keiiti},
  booktitle = {International Handbook of Earthquake \& Engineering
                  Seismology},
  title = {Synthesis of Earthquake Science Information and Its
                  Public Transfer: {A} History of the {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia {E}arthquake {C}enter},
  publisher = {International Association of Phys. Earth's Interior
                  Committee on Education},
  year = 2002,
  volume = {81A},
  pages = {39--49}
}
@article{aki63,
  author = {Aki, K. and Kaminuma, K.},
  title = {Phase velocity in {J}apan. {P}art {I}. {L}ove waves
                  from the {A}leutian shock of {M}arch 9, 1957},
  journal = {Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ.},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {243--259}
}
@article{aki65,
  author = {K. Aki},
  title = {Maximum likelihood estimate of $b$ in the formula
                  $\log N = a-bM$ and its confidence limits},
  journal = {Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ.},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {237--239}
}
@article{aki66,
  author = {Aki, K.},
  title = {Generation and propagation of {G} waves from the
                  {N}iigata earthquake of {J}une 16
                  1964. 2. {E}stimation of earthquake movement
                  released energy and stress-strain drop from {G} wave
                  spectrum},
  journal = {Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ.},
  year = 1966,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {23--88}
}
@article{aki67,
  author = {Aki, K.},
  title = {Scaling law of seismic spectrum},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {1217--1231}
}
@article{aki75,
  author = {Aki, K. and Chouet, B.},
  title = {Origin of coda waves: source, attenuation and
                  scattering effects},
  year = 1975,
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {3322--3342}
}
@article{aki79,
  author = {Aki, K.},
  title = {Characterization of barriers on an earthquake fault},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {6140--6148}
}
@book{aki80,
  author = {Aki, K. and Richards, P. G.},
  title = {Quantitative Seismology},
  publisher = {Freeman and Company},
  year = 1980,
  address = {New York},
  volume = 1
}
@article{aki84,
  author = {Aki, K.},
  title = {Asperities, barriers, characteristic earthquakes and
                  strong motion prediction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {5867--5872}
}
@book{akivol2,
  author = {Aki, K. and Richards, P. G.},
  title = {Quantitative Seismology},
  publisher = {Freeman and Company},
  year = 1980,
  address = {New York},
  volume = 2
}
@article{alattar14,
  title = {Sensitivity kernels for viscoelastic loading based
                  on adjoint methods},
  author = {Al-Attar, David and Tromp, Jeroen},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 196,
  pages = {34--77},
  year = 2014
}
@article{albarede02,
  author = {Albarede, F. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Zoned mantle convection},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lon. A},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 360,
  pages = {2569--2592}
}
@book{albarede95,
  author = {Albarede, F.},
  title = {Introduction to geochemical modeling},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1995
}
@article{albarede98,
  author = {Albar{\`e}de, F.},
  title = {Time-dependent models of the {U}-{Th}-{He} and
                  {K}-{Ar} evolution and the layering of mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {413--429}
}
@article{albarede99,
  author = {Albar{\`e}de, F. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {New mantle convection model may reconcile
                  conflicting evidence},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {533--539}
}
@article{albers01,
  title = {Channeling of plume flow beneath mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Albers, Michael and Christensen, Ulrich R},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 187,
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {207--220},
  year = 2001
}
@article{alder17,
  author = {C. Alder and T. Bodin and Y. Ricard and
                  Y. Capdeville and E. Debayle and J. P. Montagner},
  title = {Quantifying seismic anisotropy induced by
                  small-scale chemical heterogeneities},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {1585--1600}
}
@article{alejano12,
  author = {Alejano, L. R. and Bobet, A.},
  title = {Drucker–{P}rager Criterion},
  journal = {Rock Mech. Rock Eng.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {995--999}
}
@article{ali10,
  author = {Ali, S. T. and Freed, A. M.},
  title = {{Contemporary deformation and stressing rates in
                  Southern Alaska}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {557--571}
}
@article{alisic10,
  author = {Alisic, L. and Gurnis, M. and Stadler, G.  and
                  Burstedde, C. and Wilcox, L. C. and Ghattas, O. },
  title = {Slab stress and strain rate as constraints on global
                  mantle flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L22308},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL045312}
}
@article{alisic12,
  author = {Alisic, L. and Gurnis, M. and Stadler, G. and
                  Burstedde, C. and Ghattas, O.},
  title = {Multi-scale dynamics and rheology of mantle flow
                  with plates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B10402},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009234}
}
@article{allegre02,
  author = {All{\'{e}}gre, C.},
  title = {The evolution of mantle mixing},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 360,
  pages = {2411--2431}
}
@article{allegre85,
  author = {All{\`e}gre, C. J. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {Geodynamic mixing in the mesosphere boundary layer
                  and the origin of oceanic islands},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {207--210}
}
@article{allegre86,
  author = {All{\`e}gre, C. J. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {Implications of a two-component marble-cake mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 323,
  pages = {123--127}
}
@book{allegre88,
  author = {All{\`{e}}gre, C.},
  title = {The behavior of the Earth},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = 1988,
  address = {Cambridge MA}
}
@article{allegre95,
  author = {All{\`e}gre, C. J. and Mou{\"o}l, J. L. and Chau,
                  H. D. and Narteau, C.},
  title = {Scaling Organization of Fracture Tectonics {(SOFT)}
                  and Earthquake Mechanism},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {215--233}
}
@article{allegre95b,
  title = {{The age of the Earth}},
  author = {Allegre, Claude J and Manhes, Gerard and G{\"o}pel,
                  Christa},
  journal = {Geochim.  Cosmochim. Acta},
  volume = 59,
  pages = {1445--1456},
  year = 1995
}
@article{allegre96,
  author = {All{\`e}gre, C. J. and Hofmann, A. and O'Nions, K.},
  title = {The {A}rgon constraints on mantle structure},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {3555-3557}
}
@article{allegre99,
  author = {C. J. All{\`{e}}gre and J.L. Birck and F. Capmas and
                  V. Courtillot},
  title = {{Age of the Deccan traps using $^{187}$Re–$^{187}$Os
                  systematics}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {197--204}
}
@techreport{allen,
  author = {Allen, C. R},
  title = {Active Faulting in {N}orthern {T}urkey},
  institution = {Div. Sci. Calif. Inst. Tech.},
  year = 1969,
  number = 1577
}
@article{allen02,
  title = {{Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated
                  seismological techniques}},
  author = {Allen, Richard M and Nolet, Guust and Morgan, W
                  Jason and Vogfj{\"o}rd, Krist{\'\i}n and Bergsson,
                  Bergur H and Erlendsson, P{\'a}lmi and Foulger, GR
                  and Jakobsd{\'o}ttir, Steinunn and Julian, Bruce R
                  and Pritchard, Matt and Ragnarsson, Sturla and
                  Stefánsson, Ragnar},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  number = {B12},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000595},
  year = 2002
}
@article{allen08,
  author = {Allen, M. B. and Armstrong, H. A.},
  title = {{Arabia-Eurasia collision and the forcing of
                  mid-Cenozoic global cooling}},
  journal = {Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoeco.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 265,
  pages = {3152--3158}
}
@book{allen13,
  title = {{Basin analysis: Principles and application to
                  petroleum play assessment}},
  author = {Allen, Philip A and Allen, John R},
  year = 2013,
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}
}
@article{allison18,
  author = {Allison, K. L. and Dunham, E. M.},
  title = {Earthquake cycle simulations with rate-and-state
                  friction and power-law viscoelasticity},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 733,
  pages = {232--258}
}
@article{allison21,
  title = {Influence of Shear Heating and Thermomechanical
                  Coupling on Earthquake Sequences and the
                  Brittle-Ductile Transition},
  author = {Allison, Kali L and Dunham, Eric M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 6,
  pages = {{e2020JB021394}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{allken12,
  title = {{Factors controlling the mode of rift interaction in
                  brittle-ductile coupled systems: A 3D numerical
                  study}},
  author = {Allken, Vaneeda and Huismans, Ritske S and Thieulot,
                  Cedric},
  journal = {G3},
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q05010},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004077.5},
  year = 2012
}
@article{allmann09,
  title = {Global variations of stress drop for moderate to
                  large earthquakes},
  author = {Allmann, Bettina P and Shearer, Peter M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B01310},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005821},
  year = 2009
}
@article{almeida18,
  author = {Almeida, Rafael and Lindsey, Eric O. and Bradley,
                  Kyle and Hubbard, Judith and Mallick, Rishav and
                  Hill, Emma M.},
  title = {Can the Updip Limit of Frictional Locking on
                  Megathrusts Be Detected Geodetically? {Q}uantifying
                  the Effect of Stress Shadows on Near-Trench
                  Coupling},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {4754--4763},
  year = 2018
}
@article{almqvist17,
  title = {Seismic properties and anisotropy of the continental
                  crust: Predictions based on mineral texture and rock
                  microstructure},
  author = {Almqvist, Bjarne S.G. and Mainprice, David},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 55,
  number = 2,
  pages = {367--433},
  year = 2017
}
@article{alpert08,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Bailey, I. W. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {Coseismic subduction zone strain-release as a
                  constraint for slab dynamics},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {DI53A-1674}
}
@inproceedings{alpert09,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Becker, T. W. and Bailey, I.},
  title = {Coseismic sbuduction zone strain-release as a
                  constraint for slab dynamics},
  booktitle = {11$^{th}$ International Workshop on Modelling of
                  Mantle Convection and Lithospheric Dynamics},
  pages = 26,
  year = 2009,
  address = {Braunwald, Switzerland},
  organization = {ETH Z{\"{u}}rich}
}
@article{alpert10,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Becker, T. W. and Bailey, I. W.},
  title = {Global slab deformation and centroid moment
                  constraints on viscosity},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q12006},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003301}
}
@article{alpert10b,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Bailey, I. W. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Deformation and Geometry of Subducted Lithosphere
                  from an Analysis of Global Centroid Moment Tensor
                  Data (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2010,
  pages = {DI31A-1947}
}
@article{alpert11,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Miller, M. S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Slab tearing in {3-D} models of subduction and
                  continental collision: {Application to the Banda
                  Sea} (abstract)},
  journal = {XXV IUGG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia},
  page = 2541,
  year = 2011
}
@article{alpert13,
  author = {Alpert, L. A. and Miller, M. S. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Allam, A. A.},
  title = {{Structure beneath the Alboran from geodynamic flow
                  models and seismic anisotropy}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50309},
  pages = {1--13}
}
@misc{alpha21,
  author = {{Wolfram Alpha}},
  howpublished = {\url{www.wolframalpha.com/}, accessed 01/2021},
  year = 2021
}
@article{alroy14,
  title = {Accurate and precise estimates of origination and
                  extinction rates},
  author = {Alroy, John},
  journal = {Paleobiol.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {374--397},
  year = 2014
}
@article{alsayyari21,
  title = {A fully adaptive nonintrusive reduced-order
                  modelling approach for parametrized time-dependent
                  problems},
  author = {Alsayyari, Fahad and Perk{\'o}, Zolt{\'a}n and
                  Tiberga, Marco and Kloosterman, Jan Leen and
                  Lathouwers, Danny},
  journal = {Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.},
  volume = 373,
  pages = 113483,
  year = 2021,
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{alvarado05,
  author = {P. Alvarado and S. Beck and G. Zandt and M. Araujo
                  and E. Triep},
  title = {{Crustal deformation in the south-central Andes
                  backarc terranes as viewed from regional broad-band
                  seismic waveform modelling}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {580--598}
}
@article{alvarez10,
  author = {Alvarez, W.},
  title = {Protracted continental collisions argue for
                  continental plates driven by basal traction},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {434--442}
}
@article{alvarez80,
  title = {{Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary
                  extinction}},
  author = {Alvarez, Luis W and Alvarez, Walter and Asaro, Frank
                  and Michel, Helen V},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 208,
  pages = {1095--1108},
  year = 1980
}
@article{alvarez82,
  author = {Alvarez, W.},
  title = {Geological evidence for the geographical pattern of
                  mantle return flow and the driving mechanism of
                  plate tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {6697--6710}
}
@article{alvarez90,
  author = {Alvarez, W.},
  title = {Geologic evidence for the plate-driving mechanism:
                  the continental undertow hypothesis and the
                  {Australian-Antarctic Discordance}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1213--1220}
}
@article{alvarez97,
  title = {{Subduction-related structures in the North Iberian
                  margin}},
  author = {Alvarez-Marron, Joaquina and Rubio, E and Torn{\'e},
                  Montserrat},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {22497--22511},
  year = 1997
}
@techreport{amante09,
  author = {Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.},
  title = {{ETOPO1 1 arc-minute global relief model:
                  Procedures, data sources and analysis}},
  institution = {National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA},
  year = 2009,
  doi = {10.7289/V5C8276M},
  note = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. Available
                  online at
                  \url{www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html},
                  accessed 11/2016}
}
@article{amaru07,
  author = {Amaru, M. L.},
  title = {Global travel time tomography with 3-D reference
                  models},
  journal = {Geologica Ultraiectina},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 274,
  note = {174p.}
}
@article{ambraseys,
  author = {Ambraseys, N.N.},
  title = {Some Characteristic Features of the {N}orth
                  {A}natolian Fault Zone},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {143--165}
}
@article{amelung97,
  author = {Amelung, F. and King, G. C. P.},
  title = {Large-scale tectonic deformation inferred from small
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 386,
  pages = {702--705}
}
@article{amitrano02,
  author = {Amitrano, D. and Schmittbuhl, J.},
  title = {Fracture roughness and gouge distribution of a
                  granite shear band},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = 2375,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001761}
}
@article{amitrano03,
  author = {Amitrano, D.},
  title = {Brittle-ductile transition and associated
                  seismicity: {E}xperimental and numerical studies and
                  relationship with the $b$ value},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2044,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000680}
}
@article{amitrano99,
  author = {Amitrano, D. and Grasso, J.-R. and Hantz, D.},
  title = {From diffuse to localised damage through elastic
                  interaction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {2109--2112}
}
@misc{ammon94,
  author = {Ammon, C. J. and Randall, G. E.},
  title = {{mtinv}},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/MTinvDocs/mtinv01.html},
                  accessed 10/2011},
  year = 1994
}
@article{amontons99,
  title = {De la resistance cause’e dans les machines (About
                  resistance and force in machines)},
  author = {Amontons, G},
  year = 1699,
  journal = {Mem. l’Academie R. A.},
  pages = {257--282}
}
@article{amos07,
  author = {Amos, C. B. and D. W. Burbank and D. C. Nobes and
                  S. A. L. Read},
  title = {{Geomorphic constraints on listric thrust faulting:
                  Implications for active deformation in the Mackenzie
                  Basin, South Island, New Zealand}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B03S11},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004291}
}
@article{amos14,
  author = {Amos, C. B. and Audet, P. and Hammond, W. C. and
                  B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Johanson, I. A. and Blewitt,
                  G. },
  title = {{Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater
                  depletion in central California}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 509,
  pages = {483--486}
}
@article{ampferer06,
  author = {Ampferer, O..},
  title = {{{\"{U}}ber das Bewegungsbild von Faltengebirgen}},
  journal = {Jahrbuch d. K. K. Geol. Reichsanst.},
  year = 1906,
  volume = 56,
  pages = {539--622}
}
@article{ampferer11,
  author = {Ampferer, O. and Hammer, W.},
  title = {{Geologischer Querschnitt durch die Ostalpen vom
                  Allg{\"{a}}u zum Gardasee}},
  journal = {Jahrbuch d. K. K. Geol. Reichsanst.},
  year = 1911,
  volume = 61,
  pages = {531--710}
}
@article{ampuero05,
  title = {Ambiguity of the moment tensor},
  author = {Ampuero, Jean-Paul and Dahlen, FA},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {390--400},
  year = 2005
}
@article{ampuero08,
  author = {Ampuero, J.-P. and Rubin, A. M.},
  title = {Earthquake nucleation on rate and state faults:
                  {A}ging and slip laws},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B01302},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005082}
}
@article{amstutz51,
  author = {Amstutz, A},
  title = {Sur l'{\'{e}}volution des structures alpines (notes
                  pour la l{\'{e}}gende d'une s{\'{e}}rie de
                  sch{\'{e}}mas embryotectoniques)},
  journal = {Archi. Sci.},
  year = 1951,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {323--329}
}
@article{anderson00,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {The thermal state of the upper mantle: no role for
                  mantle plumes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {3623--3626}
}
@article{anderson01,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Topside tectonics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 293,
  pages = {2016--2018}
}
@article{anderson04,
  author = {M. L. Anderson and G. Zandt and E. Triep and
                  M. Fouch and S. Beck},
  title = {{Anisotropy and mantle flow in the Chile-Argentina
                  subduction zone from shear wave splitting analysis}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L23608},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL020906}
}
@article{anderson05,
  author = {Anderson, E. M.},
  title = {The dynamics of faulting},
  journal = {Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc.},
  year = 1905,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {387--402}
}
@book{anderson07,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {New theory of the {E}arth},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2007,
  edition = 2
}
@article{anderson07b,
  author = {Anderson, M. and Alvarado, P. and Zandt, G. and
                  Beck, S.},
  title = {{Geometry and brittle deformation of the subducting
                  Nazca Plate, Central Chile and Argentina}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {419--434}
}
@article{anderson11,
  author = {Anderson, K. and Segall, P.},
  title = {Physics-based models of ground deformation and
                  extrusion rate at effusively erupting volcanoes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  number = {B07204},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007939}
}
@article{anderson13,
  author = {Anderson, K.  and Segall, P.},
  title = {{Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic
                  eruptions using physics-based models: Application to
                  Mount St. Helens 2004–2008}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {2017--2037},
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50169}
}
@article{anderson61,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Elastic wave propagation in layered anisotropic
                  media},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1961,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {2953--2963}
}
@incollection{anderson66,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Recent evidence concerning the structure and
                  composition of the {E}arth's mantle},
  booktitle = {Physics and Chemistry of the {E}arth},
  pages = {1--131},
  publisher = {Pergmanon Press},
  year = 1966,
  volume = 6,
  address = {Oxford UK}
}
@article{anderson67,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {A seismic equation of state},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {9--30}
}
@incollection{anderson67b,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Latest information from seismic observations},
  booktitle = {The Earth's Mantle},
  pages = {355--420},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1967,
  editor = {Gaskell, T. F.},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{anderson68,
  author = {Anderson, O. L. and Schreiber, E. and Liebermann,
                  R. C.},
  title = {Some Elastic Constant Data on Minerals Relevant to
                  Geophysics},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {491--524}
}
@article{anderson79,
  author = {D. L. Anderson},
  title = {Chemical stratification of the mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {6297--6298}
}
@article{anderson82,
  author = {Anderson, D. L. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Upper mantle anisotropy: evidence from free
                  oscillations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 69,
  pages = {383--404}
}
@article{anderson82a,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Hotspots, polar wander, {M}esozoic convection and
                  the geoid},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 297,
  pages = {391-393}
}
@article{anderson87,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {A seismic equation of state. {II}.\ {S}hear
                  properties and thermodynamics of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {307--323}
}
@book{anderson89,
  author = {Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Theory of the Earth},
  publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications},
  year = 1989,
  address = {Boston},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1989.001},
                  accessed 01/2019}
}
@incollection{anderson95,
  author = {Anderson, O. and Isaak, D. G.},
  title = {Elastic Constants of Mantle Minerals at High
                  Temperature},
  booktitle = {A Handbook of Physical Constants: Mineral Physics
                  and Crystallography},
  series = {AGU Handbook},
  volume = 2,
  publisher = {AGU},
  pages = {64--98},
  editor = {Ahrens, T.},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  year = 1995
}
@article{anderson96,
  author = {Anderson, R. and Repka, J. and Dick, G.},
  title = {{Explicit treatment of inheritance in dating
                  depositional surfaces using in situ $^{10}$Be and
                  $^{26}$Al}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {47--51}
}
@article{ando18,
  title = {{Dynamic rupture simulation reproduces spontaneous
                  multifault rupture and arrest during the 2016 Mw 7.9
                  Kaikoura earthquake}},
  author = {Ando, Ryosuke and Kaneko, Yoshihiro},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {12--875},
  year = 2018
}
@article{ando75,
  author = {Ando, M.},
  title = {{Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of
                  historical earthquakes along the Nankai trough,
                  Japan}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {119--140}
}
@article{ando80,
  title = {{S-wave anisotropy in the upper mantle under a
                  volcanic area in Japan}},
  author = {Ando, M. and Ishikawa, Y. and Wada, H.},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 286,
  pages = {43--46},
  year = 1980
}
@article{ando83,
  author = {Ando, M. and Ishikawa, Y. and Yamasaki, F.},
  title = {{Shear-wave polarization anisotropy in the mantle
                  beneath Honshu, Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {5850--5864}
}
@article{andrews09,
  author = {Andrews, E. and Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Rheologic Controls on Slab Detachment},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 464,
  pages = {60--69}
}
@article{andrews74,
  author = {Andrews, D. J. and Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Numerical modeling of tectonic flow behind {I}sland
                  {A}rc},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {237--251}
}
@article{andrieux95,
  author = {Andrieux, J. and {\"{O}}ver, S. and Poisson, A. and
                  Olivier, B.},
  title = {The {N}orth {A}natolian {F}ault {Z}one: distributed
                  {N}eogene deformation in its northward convex part},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {135--154},
  annote = {north anatolian, faults, fault trace}
}
@article{angelier82,
  author = {Angelier, J. and Tarantola, A. and Manoussis, S. and
                  Valette, B.},
  title = {Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain
                  the regional stress. 1: single phase fault
                  populations: a new method of computing the stress
                  tensor},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 69,
  pages = {607-621}
}
@article{angiboust12,
  title = {Effect of fluid circulation on subduction interface
                  tectonic processes: {I}nsights from
                  thermo-mechanical numerical modelling},
  author = {Angiboust, Samuel and Wolf, Sylvie and Burov,
                  Evgenii and Agard, Philippe and Yamato, Philippe},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 357,
  pages = {238--248},
  year = 2012
}
@article{angiboust15,
  title = {Probing the transition between seismically coupled
                  and decoupled segments along an ancient subduction
                  interface},
  author = {Angiboust, Samuel and Kirsch, Josephine and Oncken,
                  Onno and Glodny, Johannes and Moni{\'e}, Patrick and
                  Rybacki, Erik},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1905--1922},
  year = 2015
}
@article{angiboust20,
  author = {Angiboust, S. and Glodny, J.},
  title = {{Exhumation of eclogitic ophiolitic nappes in the
                  W. Alps: New age data and implications for crustal
                  wedge dynamics}},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2020,
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105374},
  volume = 356
}
@article{anglin05,
  author = {Anglin, D. K. and Fouch, M.},
  title = {{Seismic anisotropy in the Izu-Bonin subduction
                  system}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL022714}
}
@article{anguita00,
  author = {Anguita, F. and Hern{\'{a}}n, F.},
  title = {The {C}anary {I}slands origin: a unifying model},
  journal = {J. Volc. Geoth. Res.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {1--26}
}
@article{ankorp99,
  author = {{ANKORP working group}},
  title = {Seismic reflection image revealing offset of
                  {A}ndean subduction-zone earthquake locations into
                  oceanic mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 397,
  pages = {341--344}
}
@manual{ansys,
  title = {{{ANSYS} Academic Research, Release 14.0, Help
                  System, Coupled Field Analysis Guide}},
  key = {{ANSYS}},
  organization = {{ANSYS}, Inc.},
  year = 2013
}
@misc{antelope11,
  author = {{Boulder Real Time Technologies}},
  title = {{Antelope}},
  year = 2011,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://www.brtt.com/software.html}, accessed
                  11/2011}
}
@article{antoine21,
  title = {{Diffuse deformation and surface faulting
                  distribution from submetric image correlation along
                  the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, ruptures}},
  author = {Antoine, Sol{\`e}ne L and Klinger, Yann and Delorme,
                  Arthur and Wang, Kang and B{\"u}rgmann, Roland and
                  Gold, Ryan D},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 111,
  pages = {2275--2302},
  year = 2021
}
@article{antoine23,
  author = {Antoine, S. and Klinger, Y. and Wang, K. and
                  B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {Diffuse deformation explains the magnitude-dependent
                  coseismic shallow slip deficit (preprint)},
  journal = {Research Square},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2536085/v1}
}
@inproceedings{antolik01,
  author = {Antolik, M. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Gu, Y. J. and Pan,
                  J.-f. and Boschi, L.},
  title = {A new joint {$P$} and {$S$} velocity model of the
                  mantle parameterized in cubic {B}-splines},
  booktitle = {22nd Annual DoD/DOE Seismic Research Symposium:
                  Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the
                  Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT):
                  Proceedings},
  year = 2001,
  volume = {II}
}
@article{antonsen91,
  title = {Multifractal power spectra of passive scalars
                  convected by chaotic fluid flows},
  author = {Antonsen Jr, Thomas M and Ott, Edward},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = 44,
  pages = 851,
  year = 1991
}
@article{aochi02,
  title = {Three-dimensional nonplanar simulation of the 1992
                  {L}anders earthquake},
  author = {Aochi, Hideo and Fukuyama, Eiichi},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000061},
  volume = 107,
  number = {B2},
  year = 2002
}
@article{aochi03,
  title = {{The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: Nonplanar fault
                  structure, dynamic rupture process, and strong
                  ground motion}},
  author = {Aochi, Hideo and Madariaga, Ra{\'u}l},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 93,
  pages = {1249--1266},
  year = 2003
}
@article{araki05,
  title = {Experimental investigation of geologically produced
                  antineutrinos with KamLAND},
  author = {Araki, T and Enomoto, S and Furuno, K and Gando, Y
                  and Ichimura, K and Ikeda, H and Inoue, K and
                  Kishimoto, Y and Koga, M and Koseki, Y and others},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 436,
  pages = {499--503},
  year = 2005
}
@article{araki17,
  title = {Recurring and triggered slow-slip events near the
                  trench at the {N}ankai Trough subduction megathrust},
  author = {Araki, Eiichiro and Saffer, Demian M and Kopf, Achim
                  J and Wallace, Laura M and Kimura, Toshinori and
                  Machida, Yuya and Ide, Satoshi and Davis, Earl and
                  {IODP Expedition 365 shipboard scientists}},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 356,
  pages = {1157--1160},
  year = 2017
}
@article{arcay08,
  title = {{Back-arc strain in subduction zones: {S}tatistical
                  observations versus numerical modeling}},
  author = {Arcay, D. and Lallemand, S. and Doin, M.-P.},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q05015},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001875},
  year = 2008
}
@article{arcay17,
  title = {{Modelling the interplate domain in
                  thermo-mechanical simulations of subduction:
                  Critical effects of resolution and rheology, and
                  consequences on wet mantle melting}},
  author = {Arcay, Diane},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 269,
  pages = {112--132},
  year = 2017
}
@article{archer00,
  author = {Archer, D. and Winguth, A. and Lea, D. and Mahowald,
                  N.},
  title = {What caused the glacial/interglacial atmospheric
                  {pCO}$_2$ cycles?},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {159--189}
}
@article{arenas2001,
  author = {Arenas, C. and Millan, H. and Pardo, G. and Pocovi,
                  A.},
  title = {Ebro Basin continental sedimentation associated with
                  late compressional Pyrhenean tectonics
                  (north-eastern Iberia): controld on basin margin
                  fans and fluvial systems},
  journal = {Basin Res.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {65-89},
  year = 2001
}
@article{arevalo08,
  author = {Arevalo, R. and Ghosh, A. and Lekic, V. and Tsai,
                  V. C. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Kellogg,
                  L. H. and Matas, J. and Panero, W. R. and
                  Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {{Degree-2 in the Transition Zone and Near the CMB:
                  Bottom up Tectonics?}},
  journal = {EOS Trans AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {DI21A-1744}
}
@inproceedings{argand22,
  title = {{La tectonique de l'Asie. Conf{\'e}rence faite {\'a}
                  Bruxelles, le 10 ao{\^u}t 1922}},
  author = {Argand, Emile},
  booktitle = {Congr{\`e}s g{\'e}ologique international (XIIIe
                  session)-Belgique 1922},
  pages = {171--372},
  year = 1922
}
@inproceedings{argand24,
  author = {Argand, E.},
  title = {La tectonique de L'Asie},
  booktitle = {Extrait du Compte-rendu du XIIIe congr{\`{e}}s
                  G{\'{e}}ologique International 1922},
  pages = {171--372},
  volume = 1,
  year = 1924,
  address = {Li{\`{e}}ge, Belgium}
}
@article{argus11,
  author = {Argus, D. F. and Gordon, R. G. and DeMets, C.},
  title = {Geologically current motion of 56 plates relative to
                  the no-net-rotation reference frame},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q11001},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003751}
}
@article{argus14,
  author = {Argus, D. F. and Fu, Y. and Landerer, F. W.},
  title = {{Seasonal variation in total water storage in
                  California inferred from GPS observations of
                  vertical land motion}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {1971--1980},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL059570}
}
@article{argus14b,
  author = {Argus, D. F. and Peltier, W. R. and Drummond, R. and
                  Moore, A.W.},
  title = {{The Antarctica component of postglacial rebound
                  model ICE-6G\_C (VM5a) based upon GPS positioning,
                  exposure age dating of ice thicknesses, and relative
                  sea level histories}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 198,
  pages = {537--563}
}
@article{argus91,
  author = {Argus, D. F. and Gordon, R. G.},
  title = {No-net-rotation model of current plate velocities
                  incorporating plate motion model {NUVEL-1}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {2039--2042}
}
@article{arnould20,
  author = {Arnould, M. and Coltice, N. and Flament, N. and
                  Mallard, C.},
  title = {Plate tectonics and mantle controls on plume
                  dynamics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 547,
  pages = 116439
}
@inproceedings{arnulf19,
  title = {Anatomy of the {N}ankai subduction zone (abstract)},
  author = {A. Arnulf and D. Bassett and A. J. Harding and
                  S. Kodaira and A. Nakanishi},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  address = {San Francisco CA},
  year = 2019,
  number = {{T41C-07}},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{arnulf21,
  author = {A. F. Arnulf and J. Biemiller and L. Lavier and
                  L. Wallace and D. Bassett and S. Henrys and
                  I. Pecher and G. Crutchley and A. Plaza Faverola},
  title = {Physical conditions and frictional properties in the
                  source region of a slow-slip event},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {334--340},
  year = 2021
}
@article{arraheji10,
  author = {ArRajehi, A. and McClusky, S. and Reilinger, R. and
                  Daoud, M. and Alchalbi, A. and Ergintav, S. and
                  Gomez, F. and Sholan, J. and Bou-Rabee, F. and
                  Ogubazghi, G. and Haileab, B. and Fisseha, S. and
                  Asfaw, L. and Mahmoud, S. and Rayan, A. and Bendik,
                  R. and Kogan, L.},
  title = {Geodetic constraints on present day motion of the
                  {Arabian Plate}: {I}mplications for {Red Sea and
                  Gulf of Aden} rifting},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 29,
  number = {TC3011},
  doi = {10.1029/2009TC002482}
}
@article{arredondo12,
  author = {Arredondo, Katrina M and Billen, Magali I},
  title = {Rapid weakening of subducting plates from
                  trench-parallel estimates of flexural rigidity},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 196,
  pages = {1--13}
}
@article{arredondo17,
  title = {Coupled effects of phase transitions and rheology in
                  {2-D} dynamical models of subduction},
  author = {Arredondo, Katrina M and Billen, Magali I},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 122,
  pages = {5813--5830},
  year = 2017
}
@article{artemieva06,
  author = {Artemieva, I.},
  title = {Global $1^\circ \times 1^\circ$ thermal model {TC1}
                  for the continental lithosphere: implications for
                  lithosphere secular evolution},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 416,
  pages = {245--277}
}
@article{artyushkov73,
  author = {Artyushkov, E. V.},
  title = {Stresses in the lithosphere caused by crustal
                  thickness inhomogeneities},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {7675--7708}
}
@article{ashby77,
  author = {Ashby, M. F. and Verrall, R. A.},
  title = {Micromechanisms of flow and fracture, and their
                  relevance to the rheology of the upper mantle},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 288,
  pages = {59--95}
}
@article{ashby90,
  author = {Ashby, M. F. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {The damage mechanics of brittle solids in
                  compression},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {489--521}
}
@article{aspden87,
  author = {Aspden, J. and W. McCourt and M. Brook},
  title = {{Geometrical control of subduction-related
                  magmatism: The Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic
                  history of western Colombia}},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. London},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 144,
  pages = {893--905}
}
@article{atkins21,
  title = {Constraining the Range and Variation of Lithospheric
                  Net Rotation Using Geodynamic Modeling},
  author = {Atkins, S. and Coltice, N.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2021JB022057}}
}
@book{atkinson,
  author = {Atkinson, B. K.},
  title = {Fracture Mechanics of Rock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1987,
  address = {London}
}
@incollection{atkinson1,
  author = {Atkinson, B. K.},
  title = {Introduction to Fracture Mechanics},
  booktitle = {Fracture Mechanics of Rock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1987,
  editor = {Atkinson, B. K.},
  chapter = 1,
  pages = {1--23},
  address = {London}
}
@article{atkinson88,
  title = {Overview no. 65: Theories of normal grain growth in
                  pure single phase systems},
  author = {Atkinson, HV},
  journal = {Acta Metallurgica},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {469--491},
  year = 1988
}
@incollection{atkinson9,
  author = {Li, V. C.},
  title = {Mechanics of Shear Rupture Applied to Earthquake
                  Zones},
  booktitle = {Fracture Mechanics of Rock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1987,
  editor = {Atkinson, B. K.},
  chapter = 9,
  pages = {351--424},
  address = {London}
}
@techreport{atwater15,
  author = {Atwater, B.F. and Musumi-Rokkaku, S. and Satake,
                  K. and Tsuji, Y. and Ueda, K. and Yamaguchi, D. K.},
  title = {{The orphan tsunami of 1700--Japanese clues to a
                  parent earthquake in North America}},
  institution = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 2015,
  number = 1707,
  note = {2nd edition, 135 p.}
}
@article{atwater70,
  author = {Atwater, T.},
  title = {Implications of plate tectonics for the {C}enozoic
                  tectonic evolution of western {N}orth {A}merica},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {3513--3536}
}
@article{atwater98,
  author = {Atwater, T. and Stock, J.},
  title = {Pacific-{N}orth {A}merica plate tectonics of the
                  {N}eogene southwestern {U}nited {S}tates: {A}n
                  update},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {375--402}
}
@article{audemard02,
  title = {{Structure of the M{\'e}rida Andes, Venezuela:
                  relations with the South America--Caribbean
                  geodynamic interaction}},
  author = {Audemard, Felipe E and Audemard, Franck A},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 345,
  pages = {1--26},
  year = 2002
}
@article{audet09,
  author = {P. Audet and M. G. Bostock and N. I. Christensen and
                  S. M. Peacock},
  title = {Seismic evidence for overpressured subducted oceanic
                  crust and megathrust fault sealing},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 457,
  pages = {76--78}
}
@article{audet11,
  author = {Audet, P. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {Dominant role of tectonic inheritance in
                  supercontinent cycles},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {184--187}
}
@article{audet13,
  title = {Hydrologic control of forearc strength and
                  seismicity in the {Costa Rican} subduction zone},
  author = {Audet, Pascal and Schwartz, Susan Y},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {852--855},
  year = 2013
}
@article{audet15,
  author = {Audet, Pascal},
  title = {{Layered crustal anisotropy around the San Andreas
                  Fault near Parkfield, California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2015}},
  volume = {{120}},
  pages = {{3527--3543}}
}
@article{audet16,
  title = {Teleseismic constraints on the geological
                  environment of deep episodic slow earthquakes in
                  subduction zone forearcs: A review},
  author = {Audet, Pascal and Kim, YoungHee},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 670,
  pages = {1--15},
  year = 2016
}
@article{auer14,
  author = {Auer, L. and Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Nissen-Meyer, T. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {{Savani: A variable-resolution whole-mantle model of
                  anisotropic shear-velocity variations based on
                  multiple datasets}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {3006--3034},
  doi = {10.1002/2013JB010773}
}
@article{auer15,
  author = {Auer, L. and Becker, T. W. and Boschi, L. and
                  Schmerr, N.},
  title = {Thermal structure, radial anisotropy, and dynamics
                  of oceanic boundary layers},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {9740--9742},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL066246}
}
@article{austermann17,
  title = {Detection of a dynamic topography signal in last
                  interglacial sea-level records},
  author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Mitrovica, Jerry X and
                  Huybers, Peter and Rovere, Alessio},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {{e1700457}},
  year = 2017
}
@article{austermann21,
  title = {{The effect of lateral variations in Earth structure
                  on Last Interglacial sea level}},
  author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Hoggard, Mark J and
                  Latychev, Konstantin and Richards, Fred D and
                  Mitrovica, Jerry X},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 227,
  pages = {1938--1960},
  year = 2021
}
@article{austin07,
  author = {Austin, N. J. and Evans, B.},
  title = {Paleowattmeters: {A} scaling relation for
                  dynamically recrystallized grain size},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {343--346}
}
@article{auth03,
  title = {Two-dimensional convection with a self-lubricating,
                  simple-damage rheology},
  author = {Auth, Christian and Bercovici, David and
                  Christensen, Ulrich R},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 154,
  pages = {783--800},
  year = 2003
}
@article{avendonk17,
  title = {Decrease in oceanic crustal thickness since the
                  breakup of {P}angaea},
  author = {Van Avendonk, Harm JA and Davis, Joshua K and
                  Harding, Jennifer L and Lawver, Lawrence A},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {58--61},
  year = 2017
}
@article{avouac03,
  title = {{Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle
                  in the Nepal Himalaya}},
  author = {Avouac, Jean-Philippe},
  year = 2003,
  journal = {Adv. Geophys.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {1--80}
}
@article{avouac15,
  author = {Avouac, J.-P.},
  title = {From Geodetic Imaging of Seismic and Aseismic Fault
                  Slip to Dynamic Modeling of the Seismic Cycle},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {233--271}
}
@article{avouac93,
  title = {Kinematic model of active deformation in central
                  Asia},
  author = {Avouac, Jean-Philippe and Tapponnier, Paul},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {895--898},
  year = 1993
}
@article{aydin82,
  title = {Evolution of pull-apart basins and their scale
                  independence},
  author = {Aydin, Atilla and Nur, Amos},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {91--105},
  year = 1982
}
@incollection{aydin85,
  author = {Aydin, Atilla and Nur, Amos},
  title = {The types and role of stepovers in strike slip
                  tectonics},
  booktitle = {Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and
                  Sedimentation},
  publisher = {Society for Sedimentary Geology},
  year = 1985,
  editor = {Kevin T. Biddle and Nicholas Christie-Blick},
  volume = 37
}
@article{baba02,
  author = {T. Baba and Y. Tanioka and P. R. Cummins and
                  K. Uhira},
  title = {The slip distribution of the 1946 {N}ankai
                  earthquake estimated from tsunami inversion using a
                  new plate model},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {59--73}
}
@article{babeyko05,
  author = {Babeyko, A. and Sobolev, S. V.},
  title = {{Quantifying different modes of the late Cenozoic
                  shortening in the central Andes}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {621--624}
}
@article{babeyko08,
  author = {Babeyko, A. Y. and Soboloev, S.},
  title = {High-resolution numerical modeling of stress
                  distribution in visco-elasto-plastic subducting
                  slabs},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {205--216}
}
@article{babuska06,
  author = {Babu{\v{s}}ka, V. and Plomerov{\'{a}}, J.},
  title = {European mantle lithosphere assembled from rigid
                  microplates with inherited seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 158,
  pages = {264--280}
}
@article{babuska84,
  author = {Babu{\v{s}}ka, V. and Plomerov{\'{a}}, J. and
                  {\v{S}}{\'{i}}leny, J.},
  title = {{Spatial variations of P residuals and deep
                  structure of the European lithospere}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {363--383}
}
@article{babuska98,
  author = {Babu{\v{s}}ka, V. and Montagner, J.-P. and
                  Plomerov{\'{a}}, J. and Girardin, N.},
  title = {{Age-dependent large-scale fabric of the mantle
                  lithosphere as derived from surface-wave velocity
                  anisotropy}},
  journal = {Pure Appl.\ Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {257--280}
}
@book{babuskacarabook,
  author = {Babu{\v{s}}ka, V. and M. Cara},
  title = {Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = 1991
}
@article{baccheschi07,
  author = {Baccheschi, P. and L. Margheriti and M. S. Steckler},
  title = {{Seismic anisotropy reveals focused mantle flow
                  around the Calabrian slab (Southern Italy)}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L05302},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL028899}
}
@article{bachmann12,
  author = {Bachmann, C. E. and S. Wiemer and
                  B. P. Goertz-Allmann and J. Woessner },
  title = {Influence of pore-pressure on the event-size
                  distribution of induced earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L09302},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL051480}
}
@article{backus62,
  author = {Backus, G. E.},
  title = {Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal
                  layering},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1962,
  volume = 67,
  pages = {4427--4440}
}
@article{backus65,
  author = {Backus, G. E.},
  title = {Possible forms of seismic anisotropy of the
                  uppermost mantle under oceans},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 70,
  pages = {3429--3439}
}
@article{backus81,
  author = {Backus, G. and Park, J. and Garbasz, D.},
  title = {On the relative importance of the driving forces of
                  plate motion},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 67,
  pages = {415--435}
}
@article{bada18,
  title = {{Exposed areas above sea level on Earth> 3.5 Gyr
                  ago: implications for prebiotic and primitive biotic
                  chemistry}},
  author = {Bada, Jeffrey L and Korenaga, Jun},
  journal = {Life},
  volume = 8,
  number = 4,
  pages = 55,
  year = 2018
}
@article{badro03,
  title = {{Iron partitioning in Earth's mantle: Toward a deep
                  lower mantle discontinuity}},
  author = {Badro, James and Fiquet, Guillaume and Guyot,
                  Fran{\c{c}}ois and Rueff, Jean-Pascal and Struzhkin,
                  Viktor V and Vanko, Gyorgy and Monaco, Giulio},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 300,
  pages = {789--791},
  year = 2003
}
@article{baes11,
  author = {Baes, M. and Gover, R. and Wortel, R.},
  title = {Switching between alternative responses of the
                  lithosphere to continental collision},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05236.x}
}
@article{bahadori19,
  title = {{Geodynamic evolution of southwestern North America
                  since the Late Eocene}},
  author = {Bahadori, Alireza and Holt, William E},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1--18},
  year = 2019
}
@article{bai91,
  author = {Bai, Q. and Mackwell, S. J. and Kohlstedt, D. L.},
  title = {High-temperature creep of olivine single crystals,
                  1. mechanical results for buffered samples},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {2441--2463}
}
@inproceedings{bailey05,
  author = {Bailey, I. and Becker, T. W. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Patterns of Crustal Coseismic Strain Release
                  Associated with Different Earthquake Sizes as Imaged
                  by a Tensor Summation Method},
  booktitle = {2005 SCEC Annual Meeting Abstracts},
  pages = 9,
  year = 2005,
  address = {Los Angeles, CA},
  publisher = {Southern California Earthquake Center},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://www.scec.org/meetings/2005am/2005abstracts.doc}}
}
@article{bailey05b,
  author = {Bailey, I. W. and Becker, T. W. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Strain Release in Southern California Based on
                  Earthquake Catalog Data (abstract)},
  journal = {Seis. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 76,
  number = 2
}
@article{bailey09,
  author = {Bailey, I. W. and Becker, T. W. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Patterns of co-seismic strain computed from southern
                  {C}alifornia focal mechanisms},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 177,
  pages = {1015--1036}
}
@article{bailey10,
  author = {Bailey, I. W. and Ben-Zion, Y. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Holschneider, M.},
  title = {Quantifying focal mechanism heterogeneity for fault
                  zones in central and southern {California}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {433--450}
}
@article{bailey12,
  author = {Bailey, I. W. and Alpert, L. A. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {{Co-seismic deformation of deep slabs based on
                  summed CMT data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 177,
  number = {B04404},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008943}
}
@article{bailey12b,
  author = {Bailey, I. W. and Miller, M. S. and Levander, A. and
                  Liu, K.},
  title = {{$V_S$ and density structure beneath the Colorado
                  Plateau constrained by gravity anomalies and joint
                  inversions of receiver function and phase velocity
                  data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008522}
}
@article{bajolet11,
  author = {Bajolet, F. and Galeano-Prieto, J. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Negredo, A. M. and Moroni, M. and Faccenna,
                  C.},
  title = {Continental delamination: insights from laboratory
                  models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003896},
  volume = 13
}
@article{bak87,
  title = {Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the
                  1/f noise},
  author = {Bak, Per and Tang, Chao and Wiesenfeld, Kurt},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = 59,
  pages = 381,
  year = 1987
}
@article{bak88,
  author = {Bak, P. and Tang, C. and Wiesenfeld, K.},
  title = {Self-Organized Criticality},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {364--373},
  month = {July }
}
@article{bak89,
  author = {Bak, P. and Tang, C.},
  title = {Earthquakes as a self-organized crititcal
                  phenomenon},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {15636--15637}
}
@incollection{bak94,
  author = {Bak, P. and Christensen, K. and Olami, Z.},
  title = {Self-organized Criticality: {C}onsequences for
                  Statistics and Predictability of Earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical
                  Phenomena},
  publisher = {International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 18,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {69--74}
}
@article{baker13,
  author = {Baker, A. and Allmendinger, R. W. and Rech, J. A.},
  title = {{Permanent deformation caused by subduction
                  earthquakes in northern Chile}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {492--496}
}
@article{baker96,
  title = {The relationship between near-axis hydrothermal
                  cooling and the spreading rate of mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Baker, Edward T and Chen, Y John and Morgan, Jason
                  Phipps},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 142,
  pages = {137--145},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{bakun,
  author = {Bakun, W.H. and others},
  title = {Seismic Slip, Aseismic Slip and the Mechanics of
                  Repeating Earthquakes on the {C}alaveras Fault,
                  {C}alifornia},
  booktitle = {Earthquake Source Mechanics },
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1986,
  editor = {Das, S. and others},
  volume = 37,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {195--207},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{bakun05,
  title = {{Implications for prediction and hazard assessment
                  from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake}},
  author = {Bakun, WH and Aagaard, B and Dost, B and Ellsworth,
                  WL and Hardebeck, JL and Harris, RA and Ji, C and
                  Johnston, MJS and Langbein, J and Lienkaemper, JJ
                  and others},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 437,
  pages = {969--974},
  year = 2005
}
@article{bakun84,
  author = {Bakun, W.H. and McEvilly, T.V.},
  title = {Recurrence Models and {P}arkfield, {C}alifornia
                  Earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {3051--3058}
}
@article{bakun85,
  title = {{The Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction
                  experiment}},
  author = {Bakun, William H and Lindh, Allan G},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 229,
  pages = {619--624},
  year = 1985
}
@article{balachandar95,
  title = {Viscous dissipation in three-dimensional convection
                  with temperature-dependent viscosity},
  author = {Balachandar, S and Yuen, DA and Reuteler, DM and
                  Lauer, GS},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 267,
  pages = {1150--1153},
  year = 1995
}
@article{balazs17,
  title = {{Symmetry during the syn-and post-rift evolution of
                  extensional back-arc basins: The role of inherited
                  orogenic structures}},
  author = {Bal{\'a}zs, Attila and Burov, Evgueni B. and
                  Matenco, Liviu and Vogt, Katharina and Francois,
                  Thomas and Cloetingh, Sierd},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 462,
  pages = {86--98},
  year = 2017
}
@article{baldock05,
  author = {Baldock, G. and Stern, T.},
  title = {{Width of mantle deformation across a continental
                  transform: Evidence from upper mantle (Pn) seismic
                  anisotropy measurements}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {741--744}
}
@article{ballmer12,
  author = {Ballmer, M. D. and Conrad, C. P. and Smith,
                  E. I. and Harmon, N.},
  title = {{Non-hotspot volcano chains produced by migration of
                  shear-driven upwelling toward the East Pacific
                  Rise}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {479--482}
}
@article{ballmer15,
  author = {Maxim D. Ballmer and Clinton P. Conrad and Eugene
                  I. Smith and Racheal Johnsen},
  title = {{Intraplate volcanism at the edges of the Colorado
                  Plateau sustained by a combination of triggered
                  edge-driven convection and shear-driven upwelling}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005641}
}
@article{ballmer17,
  title = {{Persistence of strong silica-enriched domains in
                  the Earth’s lower mantle}},
  author = {Ballmer, Maxim D and Houser, Christine and Hernlund,
                  John W and Wentzcovitch, Renata M and Hirose, Kei},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {236--240},
  year = 2017
}
@article{baltay10,
  author = {Baltay, A. and G. Prieto and G. C. Beroza},
  title = {Radiated seismic energy from coda measurements and
                  no scaling in apparent stress with seismic moment},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B08314},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006736}
}
@article{baltay11,
  title = {Variability in earthquake stress drop and apparent
                  stress},
  author = {Baltay, Annemarie and Ide, Satoshi and Prieto,
                  German and Beroza, Gregory},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = 6,
  year = 2011
}
@article{bambach06,
  title = {Phanerozoic biodiversity mass extinctions},
  author = {Bambach, Richard K},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {127--155},
  year = 2006
}
@article{bamford77,
  title = {{Pn velocity anisotropy in a continental upper
                  mantle}},
  author = {Bamford, D.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {29--48},
  year = 1977
}
@article{banerjee23,
  author = {Banerjee, A. and van Dinther, Y. and Vossepoel,
                  F. C.},
  title = {On parameter bias in earthquake sequence models
                  using data assimilation},
  journal = {Nonl. Proc. Geophys.},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023,
  pages = {101--115}
}
@article{bangerth07,
  author = {W. Bangerth and R. Hartmann and G. Kanschat},
  title = {{deal.II} -- a General Purpose Object Oriented
                  Finite Element Library},
  journal = {ACM Trans. Math. Softw.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 33,
  number = 4,
  pages = {24/1--24/27}
}
@inproceedings{bangs18,
  author = {N. Bangs and H. van Avendonk and A. Arnulf and
                  A. Gase and S. Henrys and D. Okaya and D. Barker and
                  K. Jacobs and G. Fujiie and R. Arai and S. Kodaira},
  title = {Large underplated structures along the southern
                  Hikurangi margin: preliminary results from SHIRE
                  seismic imaging experiment (abstract)},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2018,
  number = {T53C-08},
  address = {Washington DC},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{bao22,
  title = {{On the relative temperatures of Earth’s volcanic
                  hotspots and mid-ocean ridges}},
  author = {Bao, Xiyuan and Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina R and
                  Jackson, Matthew G and Romanowicz, Barbara},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 375,
  pages = {57--61},
  year = 2022
}
@article{baraketal15,
  author = {Barak, Shahar and Klemperer, Simon L. and Lawrence,
                  Jesse F.},
  title = {{San Andreas Fault dip, Peninsular Ranges mafic
                  lower crust and partial melt in the Salton Trough,
                  Southern California, from ambient-noise tomography}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = {{2015}},
  volume = {{16}},
  pages = {{3946--3972}}
}
@article{barazangi76,
  author = {Barazangi, M. and Isacks, B. L.},
  title = {{Spatial distribution of earthquakes and subduction
                  of the Nazca plate beneath South America}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {686--692}
}
@article{barbot08,
  author = {Barbot, S. and Fialko, Y. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {Effect of a compliant fault zone on the inferred
                  earthquake slip distribution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005256},
  year = 2008,
  number = {B06404}
}
@article{barbot10,
  author = {Barbot, S. and Fialko, Y.},
  title = {A unified continuum representation of post-seismic
                  relaxation mechanisms: semi-analytic models of
                  afterslip, poroelastic rebound and viscoelastic
                  flow},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 182,
  pages = {1124--1140}
}
@article{barbot12,
  author = {Barbot, S. and Lapusta, N. and Avouac, J. P. },
  title = {Under the hood of the earthquake machine: {T}oward
                  predictive modeling of the seismic cycle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 336,
  pages = {707--710}
}
@article{barbot18,
  author = {Barbot, S.},
  title = {Asthenosphere flow modulated by megathrust
                  earthquake cycles},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {6018--6031}
}
@article{barbot19,
  title = {Slow-slip, slow earthquakes, period-two cycles, full
                  and partial ruptures, and deterministic chaos in a
                  single asperity fault},
  author = {Barbot, S.},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 768,
  pages = 228171,
  year = 2019
}
@article{barbot20,
  author = {Barbot, S. },
  title = {Frictional and structural controls of seismic
                  super-cycles at the {J}apan trench},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 72,
  number = 63
}
@article{barbot24,
  author = {Barbot, S.},
  title = {Constitutive behavior of rocks during the seismic
                  cycle},
  journal = {Advances},
  year = 2024,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {e2023AV000972}
}
@article{barchi98,
  author = {Barchi, M. and Minelli, G. and Pialli, G.},
  title = {The {CROP03} profile: a synthesis of result on deep
                  structures of the {N}orthern {A}pennines},
  journal = {Mem. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {383--400}
}
@article{barenblatt62,
  title = {The mathematical theory of equilibrium cracks in
                  brittle fracture},
  author = {Barenblatt, Grigory Isaakovich},
  journal = {Adv. appl. mech.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {55--129},
  year = 1962
}
@inproceedings{barka92,
  title = {{The north Anatolian fault zone}},
  author = {Barka, AA},
  booktitle = {Annales tectonicae},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {164--195},
  year = 1992
}
@article{barka96,
  title = {{Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault
                  associated with the large earthquakes of the period
                  1939 to 1967}},
  author = {Barka, Aykut},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1238--1254},
  year = 1996
}
@article{barker18,
  author = {Barker, D. H. N. and Henrys, S. and Caratori
                  Tontini, F. and Barnes, P. M. and Bassett, D. and
                  Todd, E. and Wallace, L.  },
  title = {Geophysical constraints on the relationship between
                  seamount subduction, slow slip, and tremor at the
                  north {Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand} },
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {12804--12813}
}
@article{barletta18,
  title = {{Observed rapid bedrock uplift in Amundsen Sea
                  Embayment promotes ice-sheet stability}},
  author = {Barletta, Valentina R and Bevis, Michael and Smith,
                  Benjamin E and Wilson, Terry and Brown, Abel and
                  Bordoni, Andrea and Willis, Michael and Khan,
                  Shfaqat Abbas and Rovira-Navarro, Marc and Dalziel,
                  Ian and Smalley Jr, Robert and Kendrick, Eric and
                  Konfai, Stephanie and Caccamise II, Dana J. and
                  Aster, Richard C. and Nyblade, Andy and Wiens, Doug
                  A.},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 360,
  pages = {1335--1339},
  year = 2018
}
@article{barnes10,
  title = {{Tectonic and geological framework for gas hydrates
                  and cold seeps on the Hikurangi subduction margin,
                  New Zealand}},
  author = {Barnes, Philip M and Lamarche, Geoffroy and Bialas,
                  Joerg and Henrys, Stuart and Pecher, Ingo and
                  Netzeband, Gesa L and Greinert, Jens and Mountjoy,
                  Joshu J and Pedley, Katherine and Crutchley, Gareth},
  journal = {Marine Geol.},
  volume = 272,
  pages = {26--48},
  year = 2010
}
@article{barnes19,
  title = {{The role of the upper plate in controlling
                  fluid-mobile element (Cl, Li, B) cycling through
                  subduction zones: Hikurangi forearc, New Zealand}},
  author = {Barnes, Jaime D and Cullen, Jeffrey and Barker,
                  Shaun and Agostini, Samuele and Penniston-Dorland,
                  Sarah and Lassiter, John C and Kl{\"u}gel, Andreas
                  and Wallace, Laura},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {642--658},
  year = 2019
}
@article{barnes19b,
  title = {{The structure and seismic potential of the Aotea
                  and Evans Bay faults, Wellington, New Zealand}},
  author = {Barnes, Philip M and Nodder, Scott D and Woelz, Susi
                  and Orpin, Alan R},
  journal = {New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys.},
  volume = 62,
  pages = {46--71},
  year = 2019
}
@article{barnes20,
  title = {Slow slip source characterized by lithological and
                  geometric heterogeneity},
  author = {Philip M. Barnes and Laura M. Wallace and Demian
                  M. Saffer and Rebecca E. Bell and Michael
                  B. Underwood and {\AA}ke Fagereng and Francesca
                  Meneghini and Heather M. Savage and Hannah
                  S. Rabinowitz and Julia K. Morgan and Hiroko
                  Kitajima and Steffen Kutterolf and Yoshitaka
                  Hashimoto and Christie H. Engelmann de Oliveira and
                  Atsushi Noda and Martin P. Crundwel and Claire
                  L. Shepherd and Adam D. Woodhouse and Robert
                  N. Harris and Maomao Wang and Stuart Henrys and
                  Daniel H.N. Barker and Katerina E. Petronotis and
                  Sylvain M. Bourlange and Michael B. Clennell and Ann
                  E. Cook and Brandon E. Dugan and Judith Elger and
                  Patrick M. Fulton and Davide Gamboa and Annika Greve
                  and Shuoshuo Han and Andre H{\"{u}}pers and Matt
                  J. Ikari and Yoshihiro Ito and Gil Young Kim and
                  Hiroaki Koge and Hikweon Lee and Xuesen Li and Min
                  Luo and Pierre R. Malie and Gregory F. Moore and
                  Joshu J. Mountjoy and David D. McNamara and Matteo
                  Paganoni and Elizabeth J. Screaton and Uma Shankar
                  and Srisharan Shreedharan and Evan A. Solomon and
                  Xiujuan Wang and Hung-Yu Wu and Ingo A. Pecher and
                  Leah J. LeVay and {IODP Expedition 372 Scientists}},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 6,
  number = 13,
  pages = {{eaay3314}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{barnhoorn10,
  author = {A. Barnhoorn and S. F. Cox and D. J. Robinson and
                  T. Senden},
  title = {Stress- and fluid-driven failure during fracture
                  array growth: {I}mplications for coupled deformation
                  and fluid flow in the crust},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {779--782}
}
@article{barnosky11,
  title = {{Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already
                  arrived?}},
  author = {Barnosky, Anthony D and Matzke, Nicholas and Tomiya,
                  Susumu and Wogan, Guinevere OU and Swartz, Brian and
                  Quental, Tiago B and Marshall, Charles and McGuire,
                  Jenny L and Lindsey, Emily L and Maguire, Kaitlin C
                  and others},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 471,
  pages = {51--57},
  year = 2011
}
@incollection{barr09,
  title = {Heat transfer in {E}uropa's icy shell},
  author = {Barr, Amy C and Showman, Adam P},
  booktitle = {Europa},
  pages = {405--430},
  year = 2009,
  publisher = {Univ. Arizona Press}
}
@article{barr96,
  author = {Barr, T. D. and Houseman, G. A.},
  title = {Deformation Fields Around a Fault Embedded in a
                  Non-Linear Ductile Medium},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {473--490}
}
@article{barruol13,
  author = {Barruol, G. and Fontaine, F. R.},
  title = {{Mantle flow beneath La R{\'{e}}union hotspot track
                  from SKS splitting}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 362,
  pages = {108--121}
}
@article{barruol96,
  author = {Barruol, G. and Kern, H.},
  title = {P and {S} wave velocities and shear wave splitting
                  in the lower crustal/upper mantle transition
                  ({I}vrea zone). {E}xperimental and calculated data},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {175--194}
}
@article{barruol96b,
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and shear-wave splitting in
                  lower-crustal and upper-mantle rocks from the Ivrea
                  Zone容xperimental and calculated data},
  author = {Barruol, Guilhem and Kern, Hartmut},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 95,
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {175--194},
  year = 1996
}
@article{barth00,
  title = {{Tracking the budget of Nb and Ta in the continental
                  crust}},
  author = {Barth, Matthias G and McDonough, William F and
                  Rudnick, Roberta L},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  volume = 165,
  pages = {197--213},
  year = 2000
}
@article{bartlow11,
  title = {Space-time correlation of slip and tremor during the
                  2009 {C}ascadia slow slip event},
  author = {Bartlow, Noel M and Miyazaki, Shin'ichi and Bradley,
                  Andrew M and Segall, Paul},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L18309},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL048714},
  year = 2011,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{bartlow14,
  author = {Bartlow, N. M. and Fialko, Y.},
  title = {Modeling horizontal {GPS} seasonal signals caused by
                  ocean loading (abstract)},
  journal = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2014,
  number = {G23B-0486},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.G23B0486B},
                  accessed 08/2015}
}
@article{bartlow20,
  title = {A Long-Term View of Episodic Tremor and Slip in
                  {C}ascadia},
  author = {Bartlow, Noel M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  doi = {10.1029/2019GL085303},
  year = 2020,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{bartole95,
  author = {Bartole, R.},
  title = {The {N}orth {T}yrrhenian-{N}orthern {A}pennines
                  post-collisional system: constraint for a geodynamic
                  model},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {7--30}
}
@article{barton02,
  title = {{Marie Tharp, oceanographic cartographer, and her
                  contributions to the revolution in the Earth
                  sciences}},
  author = {Barton, Cathy},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 192,
  pages = {215--228},
  year = 2002
}
@article{bassett14,
  title = {{Slow wavespeeds and fluid overpressure in a region
                  of shallow geodetic locking and slow slip, Hikurangi
                  subduction margin, New Zealand}},
  author = {Bassett, Dan and Sutherland, Rupert and Henrys,
                  Stuart},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 389,
  pages = {1--13},
  year = 2014
}
@article{bassett15a,
  author = {Bassett, Dan and Watts, Anthony B.},
  title = {Gravity anomalies, crustal structure, and seismicity
                  at subduction zones: 1.  {S}eafloor roughness and
                  subducting relief},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1508--1540}
}
@article{bassett15b,
  author = {Bassett, Dan and Watts, Anthony B.},
  title = {Gravity anomalies, crustal structure, and seismicity
                  at subduction zones: 2. {I}nterrelationships between
                  fore-arc structure and seismogenic behavior},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1541--1576},
  year = 2015
}
@article{bassett16,
  author = {D. Bassett and D. T. Sandwell and Y. Fialko and
                  A. B. Watts},
  title = {{Upper-plate controls on co-seismic slip in the 2011
                  magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 531,
  pages = {92--96}
}
@inproceedings{bassett20,
  author = {D. Bassett and A. F. Arnulf and S. Kodaira and
                  Stuart A Henrys and Harm J Van Avendonk and Daniel H
                  N Barker and Ayako Nakanishi and Alistair J Harding
                  and Ryuta Arai and Nathan L Bangs and David A Okaya
                  and Katie Jacobs and Gou Fujie and Andrew Gase and
                  Yojiro Yamamoto and Thomas Luckie and Koichiro
                  Obana},
  title = {{Upper-plate controls on megathrust slip behaviour:
                  comparing the Hikurangi and Nankai subduction zones
                  (abstract)}},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2020,
  number = {T006-05},
  address = {Washington DC},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{bassin00,
  author = {Bassin, C. and Laske, G. and Masters, G.},
  title = {The Current Limits of Resolution for Surface Wave
                  Tomography in {N}orth {A}merica (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {F897}
}
@article{batchelor59,
  author = {Batchelor, G.},
  title = {{Small-scale variation of convected quantities like
                  temperature in turbulent fluid part 1. General
                  discussion and the case of small conductivity}},
  journal = {J. Fluid. Dyn.},
  year = 1959,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {113--133}
}
@book{batchelor67,
  author = {Batchelor, G. K.},
  title = {An introduction to fluid dynamics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge UK},
  year = 1967
}
@article{bath65,
  author = {B{\aa}th, M.},
  title = {Lateral inhomogeneities in the upper mantle},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {483--514}
}
@book{bathe07,
  author = {Bathe, K.-J.},
  title = {Finite Element Procedures},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = 2007,
  address = {London}
}
@book{bathe82,
  author = {Bathe, K.-J.},
  title = {Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = 1982,
  address = {London}
}
@article{battaglia04,
  author = {Battaglia, M. and Murray, M. H. and Serpelloni,
                  E. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {{The Adriatic regions: an independent microplate
                  within the Africa-Eurasia collision zone}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL019723}
}
@inproceedings{bauer17,
  title = {Modeling spatio-temporal earthquake dynamics using
                  generalized functional additive regression},
  author = {Bauer, Alexander and Scheipl, Fabian and
                  K{\"u}chenhoff, Helmut and Gabriel, A.-A.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on
                  Statistical Modelling},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {146--149},
  year = 2017
}
@article{baumann14,
  author = {Baumann, T. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Popov, A.},
  title = {Constraining effective rheology through parallel
                  joint geodynamic inversion},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 631,
  pages = {197--211}
}
@article{baumann15,
  author = {Baumann, T. and Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {Geodynamic inversion to constrain the nonlinear
                  rheology of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 202,
  pages = {1299--1316}
}
@article{baumberger99,
  author = {Baumberger, Y. and Berthoud, P. and Caroli, C.},
  title = {Physical analysis of the state- and rate-dependent
                  friction law. {II}. {D}ynamic friction},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 60,
  pages = {3928--3939}
}
@article{bayart16,
  title = {Fracture mechanics determine the lengths of
                  interface ruptures that mediate frictional motion},
  volume = 12,
  journal = {Nature Phys.},
  author = {Bayart, Elsa and Svetlizky, Ilya and Fineberg, Jay},
  year = 2016,
  pages = {166--170}
}
@article{bayart18,
  title = {Rupture {dynamics} of {heterogeneous} {frictional}
                  {interfaces}},
  volume = 123,
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  author = {Bayart, E. and Svetlizky, I. and Fineberg, J.},
  year = 2018,
  pages = {3828--3848}
}
@article{bayona08,
  author = {Bayona, G. and Cortes, M. and Jaramillo, C. and
                  Ojeda, G. and Aristiz{\'{a}}bal, J. and Reyes and
                  Harker, A.},
  title = {An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary
                  basin pair: {L}atest {C}retaceous-{C}enozoic
                  evolution of the linked {E}astern {C}ordillera
                  orogen and the {L}lanos foreland basin of
                  {C}olombia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {1171--1197}
}
@article{beall18,
  title = {Formation of cratonic lithosphere during the
                  initiation of plate tectonics},
  author = {Beall, AP and Moresi, Louis and Cooper, Catherine M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {487--490},
  year = 2018
}
@article{beall19,
  title = {Strength of strained two-phase mixtures:
                  {A}pplication to rapid creep and stress
                  amplification in subduction zone m{\'e}lange},
  author = {Beall, Adam and Fagereng, {\AA}ke and Ellis, Susan},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {169--178},
  year = 2019
}
@article{beall20,
  author = {Beall, Adam and Fagereng, {\AA}ke and Huw Davies,
                  J. and Garel, Fanny and Rhodri Davies, D.},
  title = {Influence of Subduction Zone Dynamics on Interface
                  Shear Stress and Potential Relationship with
                  Seismogenic Behavior},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2020,
  pages = {{e2020GC009267}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020GC009267}
}
@inproceedings{beanland93,
  author = {Beanland, S. and Clark, M. M.},
  title = {Late {Q}uaternary history of the {O}wens {V}alley
                  fault zone, eastern {C}alifornia, and surface
                  rupture associated with the 1872 earthquake
                  (abstract)},
  pages = 7,
  year = 1993,
  volume = 25,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 89th annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@article{beaudoin98,
  author = {B. C. Beaudoin and J. A. Hole and S. L. Klemperer
                  and A. M. Trehu},
  title = {{Location of the southern edge of the Gorda slab and
                  evidence for an adjacent asthenospheric window:
                  results from seismic profiling and gravity}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {30101--30115}
}
@article{beaumont2001,
  author = {Beaumont, C. and Jamieson, R. A. and Nguyen,
                  M. H. and Lee, B.},
  title = {Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a
                  low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused
                  surface denudation},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 414,
  pages = {738--742},
  year = 2001
}
@article{beavan10,
  author = {Beavan, J. and Denys, P. and Denham, M. and Hager,
                  B. and Herring, T. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {{Distribution of present-day vertical deformation
                  across the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from 10 years
                  of GPS data}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 37,
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL044165},
  year = 2010,
  number = {L16305}
}
@article{bebout07,
  title = {Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction
                  zones},
  author = {Bebout, Gray E},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 260,
  pages = {373--393},
  year = 2007
}
@incollection{beccaluva89,
  author = {Beccaluva, L. and Brotzu, P. and Macciotta, G. and
                  Morbidelli, L. and Serri, G. and Traversa, G.},
  title = {Cainozoic tectono-magmatic evolution and inferred
                  mantle sources in the {S}ardo-{T}yrrhenian area},
  booktitle = {The Lithosphere in Italy. Advances in Science
                  Research},
  pages = {15--40},
  publisher = {Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Boriani, A. and Bonafede, M. and Piccardo, G. B. and
                  Vai, G. B.},
  address = {Rome}
}
@article{beck02,
  title = {The nature of orogenic crust in the central {A}ndes},
  author = {Beck, Susan L and Zandt, George},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  number = {B10},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000124},
  year = 2002
}
@article{beck96,
  author = {Beck, Susan L and Zandt, George and Myers, Stephen C
                  and Wallace, Terry C and Silver, Paul G and Drake,
                  Lawrence},
  title = {Crustal-thickness variations in the central {A}ndes},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {407--410},
  year = 1996
}
@mastersthesis{becker,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Finite {E}lemente {M}odellierung zur
                  {B}ruchaktivierung in {S}cherzonen},
  school = {Institut f{\"{u}}r {M}eteorologie und {G}eophysik
                  der J.W.Goethe-{U}niversit{\"{a}}t},
  year = 1997,
  address = {Frankfurt am Main}
}
@incollection{becker00,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Deterministic chaos in two state-variable friction
                  sliders and the effect of elastic interactions},
  booktitle = {GeoComplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes},
  pages = {5--26},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Rundle, J. B. and Turcotte, D. L. and Klein, W.},
  volume = 120,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{becker01a,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Boschi, L.},
  title = {A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle
                  models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 3,
  number = 1,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000168},
  year = 2002
}
@article{becker01b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Predicting plate velocities with geodynamic models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 2,
  number = 12,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000171},
  year = 2001
}
@inproceedings{becker01c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Lithospheric stresses caused by mantle convection:
                  The role of plate rheology},
  booktitle = {Workshop on numerical modeling of mantle convection
                  and lithospheric dynamics},
  year = 2001,
  address = {Aussois, France}
}
@article{becker01d,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Lithospheric stresses caused by mantle convection:
                  The role of plate rheology (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T12C-0921}
}
@inproceedings{becker02a,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kellogg, J. B. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m,
                  G. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Global azimuthal anisotropy from {R}ayleigh waves
                  and circulation-derived finite strain (abstract)},
  booktitle = {MIT/WHOI/New England Workshop on Anisotropy and
                  Imaging},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA}
}
@phdthesis{becker02b,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Lithosphere--Mantle Interactions},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Cambridge MA}
}
@phdthesis{becker02b_url,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Lithosphere--Mantle Interactions},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = 2002,
  note = {Available at
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/thesis.tp.times10.pdf}},
  address = {Cambridge MA}
}
@article{becker02c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schott, B.},
  title = {On boundary-element models of elastic fault
                  interaction (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 83,
  number = 47,
  pages = {NG62A-0925}
}
@article{becker03,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kellogg, J. B. and
                  Ekstr{{\"{o}}}m, G. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Comparison of azimuthal seismic anisotropy from
                  surface waves and finite-strain from global
                  mantle-circulation models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {696--714}
}
@article{becker04,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Blackman, D. K. and
                  Schulte-Pelkum, V.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy in the Western {US} as a testbed
                  for advancing combined models of upper mantle
                  geodynamics and texturing (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T33A-1338}
}
@article{becker05,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Hardebeck, J. L. and Anderson, G.},
  title = {Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern
                  {C}alifornia plate boundary from {GPS} velocity and
                  stress inversions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {634--650}
}
@article{becker06,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {On the effect of temperature and strain-rate
                  dependent viscosity on global mantle flow, net
                  rotation, and plate-driving forces},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {943--957}
}
@techreport{becker06b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and the {CIG Global Flow Code
                  Benchmark Group}},
  title = {Global spectral flow code benchmark and development
                  plan},
  institution = {University of Southern California},
  year = 2006,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/flow_code_project.051706.pdf},
                  accessed 06/2016}
}
@article{becker06c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Boschi,
                  L. and Woodhouse, J. W.},
  title = {Length-scales, patterns, and origin of azimuthal
                  seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle as mapped by
                  {R}ayleigh waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 171,
  year = 2007,
  pages = {451--462}
}
@article{becker06d,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Chevrot, S. and Schulte-Pelkum,
                  V. and Blackman, D. K.},
  title = {Statistical properties of seismic anisotropy
                  predicted by upper mantle geodynamic models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B08309},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004095},
  year = 2006
}
@article{becker06e,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Blackman,
                  D. K. and Kellogg, J. B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Mantle flow under the western {United States} from
                  shear wave splitting},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 247,
  pages = {235--251},
  year = 2006
}
@unpublished{becker06k,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Stress and strain in southern {C}alifornia},
  note = {Invited presentation at the {\em Southern California
                  Earthquake Center} Annual Meeting},
  year = 2006
}
@article{becker07,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Browaeys, J. T. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Stochastic Analysis of Shear Wave Splitting Length
                  Scales},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 259,
  pages = {29--36}
}
@article{becker07e,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Azimuthal seismic anisotropy constrains net rotation
                  of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 35,
  number = {L05303},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL032928},
  note = {correction: doi:10.1029/2008GL033946},
  year = 2008
}
@article{becker08,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kustowski, B. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m,
                  G.},
  title = {Radial seismic anisotropy as a constraint for upper
                  mantle rheology},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 267,
  pages = {213--237}
}
@article{becker09,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Conrad, C. P. and Buffett,
                  B. A. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.},
  title = {Past and present seafloor age distributions and the
                  temporal evolution of plate tectonic heat transport},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 278,
  pages = {233--242},
  year = 2009
}
@misc{becker09b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Steinberger, B. and O'Neill, C.},
  title = {{HC} - {A global mantle circulation solver following
                  \cite{hager81} and \cite{steinberger00a}}},
  howpublished = {Available online, updated
                  \url{github.com/geodynamics/hc}, accessed 09/2020},
  year = 2009
}
@incollection{becker09c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {A review of the role of subduction dynamics for
                  regional and global plate motions},
  booktitle = {Subduction Zone Geodynamics},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2009,
  editor = {Funiciello, F. and Lallemand, S.},
  series = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  pages = {3--34}
}
@article{becker10a,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Fine-scale modeling of global plate tectonics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 329,
  pages = {1020--1021}
}
@article{becker10d,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {Caribbean slab-craton interactions constrained by
                  shear wave splitting (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 91,
  number = 26,
  pages = {T43A-06}
}
@incollection{becker11,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2011,
  editor = {Gupta, H. K.},
  doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7}
}
@article{becker11b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {On the role of anisotropic viscosity for plate-scale
                  flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L17307},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL048584},
  year = 2011
}
@article{becker11c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Mantle conveyor beneath the {T}ethyan collisional
                  belt},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 310,
  pages = {453--461}
}
@article{becker12b,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {On recent seismic tomography for the western {United
                  States}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q01W10},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003977}
}
@article{becker12c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Lebedev, S. and Long, M. D.},
  title = {On the relationship between azimuthal anisotropy
                  from shear wave splitting and surface wave
                  tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B01306},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008705},
  note = {Original and updated splitting data base available
                  online from
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/sksdata.html},
                  accessed 06/2021}
}
@article{becker12c_wourl,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Lebedev, S. and Long, M. D.},
  title = {On the relationship between azimuthal anisotropy
                  from shear wave splitting and surface wave
                  tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B01306},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008705}
}
@article{becker14,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C. and Humphreys,
                  E. D. and Lowry, A. R. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {Static and dynamic support of western {U.S.}
                  topography},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 402,
  pages = {234--246}
}
@article{becker14b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Conrad, C. P. and Schaeffer,
                  A. J. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {Origin of azimuthal seismic anisotropy in oceanic
                  plates and mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 401,
  pages = {236--250}
}
@article{becker15,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Lowry, A. R. and Faccenna, C. and
                  Schmandt, B. and Borsa, A. and Yu, C},
  title = {{Western U.S. intermountain seismicity caused by
                  changes in upper mantle flow}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 524,
  pages = {458--461}
}
@article{becker15_agu,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schaeffer, A. J. and Lebedev,
                  S. and Conrad, C. P.},
  title = {Implications of a comprehensive, spreading-aligned
                  plate motion reference frame in light of seismic
                  anisotropy and global trench migration (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2015,
  number = {DI13C-01}
}
@article{becker15b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schaeffer, A. J. and Lebedev,
                  S. and Conrad, S. P.},
  title = {Toward a generalized plate motion reference frame},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {3188-3196}
}
@article{becker17,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Superweak asthenosphere in light of upper-mantle
                  seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 18,
  doi = {10.1002/2017GC006886},
  pages = {1986--2003}
}
@article{becker17b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Wang, W.},
  title = {Dissonance and harmony between global and
                  regional-scale seismic anisotropy and mantle
                  dynamics (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2017,
  doi = {10.1002/2017GC006886},
  note = {{AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans}}
}
@article{becker18,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Hashima, A. and Freed, A. M. and
                  Sato., H.},
  title = {{Stress change before and after the 2011 M9
                  Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 504,
  pages = {174--184}
}
@incollection{becker20b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {Dynamics of the lithosphere and upper mantle in
                  light of seismic anisotropy},
  booktitle = {Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2020,
  editor = {Marquardt, H. and Ballmer, M. and Cottaar, S. and
                  Konter, J.},
  doi = {\url{10.1002/9781119528609.ch10}}
}
@article{becker23,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Fuchs, L.},
  title = {{Input files and movie visualizations for convection
                  models discussed in Becker and Fuchs, ``Generation
                  of evolving plate boundaries and toroidal flow from
                  visco-plastic damage-rheology mantle convection and
                  continents'', manuscript revised for G-Cubed
                  [Dataset]}},
  journal = {Zenodo},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.10070094}
}
@article{becker23b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Fuchs, L.},
  title = {Generation of evolving plate boundaries and toroidal
                  flow from visco-plastic damage-rheology mantle
                  convection and continents},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.1029/2023GC011179}
}
@book{becker24,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Tectonic Geodynamics (lecture notes)},
  publisher = {The University of Texas at Austin},
  year = 2024,
  note = {p. 764, available online at
                  \url{www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/preprints/tectonic_geodynamics_draft.pdf},
                  accessed 02/2024}
}
@inproceedings{becker96,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Finite-{E}lemente-{M}odellierung von
                  {F}aultpopulationen},
  booktitle = {DGG Tagung 1996},
  publisher = {Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft},
  address = {Freiberg/Sachsen},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{becker97c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Finite Element Modeling of Fault Zone Interactions},
  booktitle = {EUG9 abstracts},
  publisher = {European Union of Geosciences},
  address = {Strassburg},
  year = 1997
}
@inproceedings{becker97d,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {{F}inite-{E}lemente-{M}odellierung von
                  {F}aultpopulationen},
  booktitle = {DGG Tagung 1997},
  publisher = {Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft},
  address = {Potsdam},
  year = 1997
}
@inproceedings{becker97e,
  author = {Dahm, T. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {The elastic and viscous properties of highly
                  fractured media},
  booktitle = {EGS 1997 abstracts},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
  address = {Wien},
  year = 1997
}
@article{becker98,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Earthquake recurrence time variations with and
                  without fault zone interactions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 135,
  pages = {165--176}
}
@article{becker98c,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {The development of slabs in the upper mantle:
                  insight from numerical and laboratory experiments
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {EOS, Trans. AGU},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {S349},
  year = 1998
}
@article{becker98d,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Mantle winds and back-arc spreading: the influence
                  of background flow on subdution in the upper mantle
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {F849},
  year = 1998
}
@article{becker98dd,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Panasyuk, S. V. and O'Connell,
                  R. J. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {The backward-bent {I}ndonesia slab},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {S18}
}
@article{becker98e,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kellogg, J. B. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Thermal constraints on the survival of primitive
                  blobs in the lower mantle (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {F599}
}
@article{becker98g,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Braun, A.},
  title = {New program maps geoscientific data sets
                  interactively},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = 505
}
@article{becker99,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C. and O'Connell,
                  R. J. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {The development of slabs in the upper mantle:
                  insight from numerical and laboratory experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15207--15225},
  year = 1999
}
@article{becker99b,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kellogg, J. B. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Thermal constraints on the survival of primitive
                  blobs in the lower mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = 351
}
@unpublished{becker99x,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {On the spherical harmonic expansion of
                  discontinuities on the {E}arth's surface},
  year = 1999,
  note = {Final project for Harvard University course EPS202
                  ``Inverse Theory'' by Prof.\ A.\ M.\
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski}
}
@book{beckere,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Finite Element Modeling of Fault Zone Interactions},
  publisher = {Institut f{\"{u}}r {M}eteorologie und {G}eophysik
                  der J.W.Goethe-{U}niversit{\"{a}}t},
  year = 1997,
  series = {Diploma thesis},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  note = {(In German)}
}
@book{beckerkaus14,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {{Numerical Modeling of Earth Systems. An
                  introduction to computational methods with focus on
                  solid Earth applications of continuum mechanics}},
  publisher = {University of Southern California},
  year = 2015,
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.1555628},
  edition = {1.2.2},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  note = {Updated lecture notes (2020, 222 pages), available
                  online at
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/Geodynamics557.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2023.}
}
@article{beeler14,
  title = {Re-estimated effects of deep episodic slip on the
                  occurrence and probability of great earthquakes in
                  {C}ascadia},
  author = {Beeler, Nicholas M and Roeloffs, Evelyn and
                  McCausland, Wendy},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {128--144},
  year = 2014
}
@article{beeler94,
  author = {Beeler, N. M. and Tullis, T. E. and Weeks, J. D.},
  title = {The roles of time and displacement in the evolution
                  effect in rock friction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {1987--1990}
}
@article{beghein03,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Probability density functions for radial anisotropy:
                  implications for the upper 1200~km of the mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 217,
  pages = {151--162}
}
@article{beghein03b,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Robust normal mode constraints on inner-core
                  anisotropy from model space search},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 299,
  pages = {552--555}
}
@article{beghein04a,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Probability density functions for radial anisotropy
                  from fundamental mode surface wave data and the
                  {N}eighbourhood algorithm},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {163--1174},
  year = 2004
}
@article{beghein04b,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Lateral variations in radial anisotropy and
                  consequences for the upper 1200km of the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 6,
  pages = 1348
}
@article{beghein04c,
  title = {Probability density functions for radial anisotropy:
                  implications for the upper 1200 km of the mantle},
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 217,
  pages = {151--162},
  year = 2004
}
@article{beghein06,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Trampert, J. and van Heijst, H. J.},
  title = {Radial anisotropy in seismic reference models of the
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB00372}
}
@article{beghein08,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Resovsky, J. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {The signal of mantle anisotropy in the coupling of
                  normal modes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 175,
  pages = {1209--1234}
}
@article{beghein14,
  author = {Beghein, C. and Yuan, K. and Schmerr, N. and Xing,
                  Z.},
  title = {Changes in seismic anisotropy shed light on the
                  nature of the {G}utenberg discontinuity},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 343,
  pages = {1237--1240}
}
@article{beghein22,
  title = {{Crustal anisotropy in the Martian lowlands from
                  surface waves}},
  author = {Beghein, Caroline and Li, Jiaqi and Weidner, E and
                  Maguire, R and Wookey, J and Leki{\'c}, Vedran and
                  Lognonn{\'e}, Philippe and Banerdt, W},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {e2022GL101508},
  year = 2022
}
@article{beghoul89,
  author = {Beghoul, N. and Barazangi, M.},
  title = {Mapping high {P}n velocity beneath the {C}olorado
                  {P}lateau constrains uplift models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {7083--7104}
}
@article{behn02,
  author = {Behn, M. D. and Lin, J. and Zuber, M. T.},
  title = {A continuum mechanics model for normal faulting
                  using a strain-rate softening rheology: implications
                  for thermal and rheological controls on continental
                  and oceanic rifting},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 202,
  pages = {725-740},
  year = 2002
}
@article{behn02b,
  title = {Evidence for weak oceanic transform faults},
  author = {Behn, Mark D and Lin, Jian and Zuber, Maria T},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 29,
  number = 24,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL015612},
  year = 2002
}
@article{behn04,
  author = {Behn, M. D. and Conrad, C. P. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Detection of upper mantle flow associated with the
                  {A}frican {S}uperplume},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 224,
  pages = {259--274}
}
@article{behn07,
  author = {Behn, M. D. and Hirth, G. and Kelemen, P.},
  title = {Trench-Parallel Anisotropy Produced by Foundering of
                  Arc Lower Crust},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 317,
  pages = {108--111}
}
@article{behn07b,
  author = {Behn, M. D. and Boettcher, M. S. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Thermal structure of oceanic transform faults},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {307--310}
}
@article{behn08,
  title = {Magmatic and tectonic extension at mid-ocean ridges:
                  1. Controls on fault characteristics},
  author = {Behn, Mark D and Ito, Garrett},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q08O10},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC001965},
  year = 2008
}
@article{behn09,
  author = {Behn, M. D. and Hirth, G. and Elsenbeck II, J. R.},
  title = {Implications of grain size evolution on the seismic
                  structure of the oceanic upper mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 282,
  pages = {178--189}
}
@article{behn15,
  title = {Melting systematics in mid-ocean ridge basalts:
                  {A}pplication of a plagioclase-spinel melting model
                  to global variations in major element chemistry and
                  crustal thickness},
  author = {Behn, Mark D and Grove, Timothy L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {4863--4886},
  year = 2015
}
@article{behn15b,
  title = {The transition from subsonic to supersonic cracks},
  author = {Behn, Chris and Marder, M},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 373,
  pages = 20140122,
  year = 2015
}
@techreport{behn18,
  author = {M. Behn and K. Barnhart and T. W. Becker and
                  J. Brown and E. Choi and C. Cooper and J. Dannberg
                  and N. Gasparini and R. Gassmoeller and L. Hwang and
                  B. Kaus and L. Kellogg and L. Lavier and
                  E. Mittelstaedt and L. Moresi and A. Pusok and
                  G. Tucker and P. Upton and P. Val },
  title = {Whitepaper Reporting Outcomes from {NSF}-Sponsored
                  Workshop: {CTSP: C}oupling of Tectonic and Surface
                  Processes {April 25-27, 2018; Boulder CO}},
  institution = {CSDMS},
  year = 2018,
  address = {Boulder CO},
  note = {41 pp., available online at
                  \url{https://csdms.colorado.edu/mediawiki/images/CTSP_WhitePaper_Final.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2021}
}
@article{behounkova08,
  author = {B{\v {e}}hounkov\'a, M. and {\v {C}}\'i{\v
                  {z}}kov\'a, H.},
  title = {Long-wavelength character of subducted slabs in the
                  lower mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {43--53}
}
@article{behr11,
  author = {Behr, W. M. and Platt, J. P.},
  title = {A naturally constrained stress profile through the
                  middle crust in an extensional terrane},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {181--192}
}
@article{behr12,
  author = {Behr, W. M. and Platt, J. P.},
  title = {{Kinematic and thermal evolution during two-stage
                  exhumation of a Mediterranean subduction complex}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 31,
  number = {TC4025},
  doi = {10.1029/2012TC003121}
}
@article{behr15,
  author = {Behr, W. M. and Platt, J. P.},
  title = {Brittle faults are weak, yet the ductile middle
                  crust is strong: implications for lithospheric
                  mechanics},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 41,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL061349},
  pages = {8067-–8075}
}
@article{behr16,
  author = {Behr, Whitney M. and Smith, Douglas},
  title = {{Deformation in the mantle wedge associated with
                  Laramide flat-slab subduction}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {2643--2660},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GC006361},
  year = 2016
}
@article{behr18,
  author = {Behr, W. M. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Sediment control on subduction plate speeds},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 502,
  pages = {166--173}
}
@article{behr18b,
  title = {Dehydration-induced rheological heterogeneity and
                  the deep tremor source in warm subduction zones},
  author = {Behr, Whitney M and Kotowski, Alissa J and Ashley,
                  Kyle T},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {475--478},
  year = 2018
}
@article{behr21,
  author = {Behr, W. M. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {{What's down there? The structures, materials and
                  environment of deep-seated slow slip and tremor}},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 379,
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.2020.0218}
}
@article{behr22,
  title = {The effects of plate interface rheology on
                  subduction kinematics and dynamics},
  author = {Behr, W. M. and Holt, A. F. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Faccenna, C.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 230,
  pages = {796--812},
  year = 2022
}
@article{bekaert21,
  title = {Subduction-driven volatile recycling: {A} global
                  mass balance},
  author = {Bekaert, DV and Turner, SJ and Broadley, MW and
                  Barnes, JD and Halld{\'o}rsson, SA and Labidi, J and
                  Wade, J and Walowski, KJ and Barry, PH},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {37--70},
  year = 2021
}
@article{belardinelli99,
  author = {Bellardinelli, M. E. and Cocco, M. and Coutant,
                  O. and Cotton, F.},
  title = {Redistribution of dynamic stress during coseismic
                  ruptures: {E}vidence for fault interaction and
                  earthquake triggering},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {14925--14945},
  annote = {dynamic calculations, coulomb stress change}
}
@article{bell23,
  title = {Methane throughout the atmosphere of the warm
                  exoplanet WASP-80b},
  author = {Bell, Taylor J and Welbanks, Luis and Schlawin,
                  Everett and Line, Michael R and Fortney, Jonathan J
                  and Greene, Thomas P and Ohno, Kazumasa and
                  Parmentier, Vivien and Rauscher, Emily and Beatty,
                  Thomas G and Mukherjee, Sagnick and Wiser, Lindsey S
                  and Boyer, Martha L and Rieke, Marcia J and
                  Stansberry, John A},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 623,
  pages = {709--712},
  year = 2023
}
@article{bellahsen03,
  author = {Bellahsen, N. and Faccenna, C. and Funiciello R. and
                  Daniel J.M. and Jolivet, L.},
  title = {{Why did Arabia separate from Africa? Insight from
                  3D laboratory experiments}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 216,
  pages = {365--381}
}
@article{bellahsen05,
  author = {Bellahsen, N. and Faccenna, C. and Funiciello, F.},
  title = {Dynamics of subduction and plate motion in
                  laboratory experiments: insights into the plate
                  tectonics behavior of the {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB002999},
  year = 2005
}
@article{bellier97,
  author = {Bellier, O. and {\"{O}}ver, S. and Poisson, A. and
                  Anrieux, A.},
  title = {Recent temporal change in the stress state and
                  modern stress field along the {N}orth {A}natolian
                  {F}ault {Z}one ({T}urkey)},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {61--86}
}
@article{bellini10,
  title = {Observation of geo-neutrinos},
  author = {Bellini, G and Benziger, J and Bonetti, S and
                  Avanzini, M Buizza and Caccianiga, B and Cadonati, L
                  and Calaprice, Frank and Carraro, C and Chavarria, A
                  and Dalnoki-Veress, F and others},
  journal = {Phys. Lett. B},
  volume = 687,
  pages = {299--304},
  year = 2010
}
@article{bello14,
  title = {{On the predictability limit of convection models of
                  the Earth's mantle}},
  author = {Bello, L{\'e}a and Coltice, Nicolas and Rolf, Tobias
                  and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {2319--2328},
  year = 2014
}
@article{bello15,
  author = {L. Bello and N. Coltice and P. J. Tackley and
                  D. M{\"{u}}ller and J. Cannon},
  title = {Assessing the role of slab rheology in coupled
                  plate-mantle convection models},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 430,
  pages = {191--201}
}
@article{ben-zion01,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. },
  title = {A note on quantification of the earthquake source},
  journal = {Seism. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {151--152}
}
@article{ben-zion02a,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and L. Zhu},
  title = {Potency-magnitude Scaling Relations for Southern
                  {California} Earthquakes with $1.0 < {M_L} < 7.0$},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 148,
  pages = {F1--F5}
}
@article{ben-zion02b,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and V. Lyakhovsky},
  title = {Accelerated Seismic Release and Related Aspects of
                  Seismicity Patterns on Earthquake Faults},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {2385--2412}
}
@article{ben-zion03,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {Characterization of fault zones},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {677-715}
}
@incollection{ben-zion03a,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y.},
  booktitle = {International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering
                  Seismology},
  title = {{K}ey Formulas in Earthquake Seismology},
  pages = {1857--1875},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 2003
}
@article{ben-zion03c,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Z. Peng and D. Okaya and L. Seeber
                  and J. G. Armbruster and N. Ozer and A. J. Michael
                  and S. Baris and M. Aktar},
  title = {A shallow fault zone structure illuminated by
                  trapped waves in the {K}aradere-{D}{\"{u}}uzce
                  branch of the {N}orth {A}natolian Fault, western
                  {T}urkey},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {699--717}
}
@article{ben-zion06,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Lyakhovsky, V.},
  title = {Analysis of Aftershocks in a Lithospheric Model with
                  Seismogenic Zone Governed by Damage Rheology},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {197--210}
}
@article{ben-zion08,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Collective Behavior of Earthquakes and Faults:
                  Continuum-Discrete Transitions, Progressive
                  Evolutionary Changes and Different Dynamic Regimes},
  year = 2008,
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 46,
  number = {RG4006},
  doi = {10.1029/2008RG000260}
}
@article{ben-zion93,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Rice and J. R. Dmowska, R.},
  title = {Interaction of the {S}an {A}ndreas Fault Creeping
                  Segment with Adjacent Great Rupture Zones and
                  Earthquake Recurrence at {P}arkfield},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {2135--2144},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{ben-zion93b,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {{Earthquake Failure Sequences Along a Cellular Fault
                  Zone in a Three-Dimensional Elastic Solid Containing
                  Asperity and Nonasperity Region}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {14109--14131}
}
@article{ben-zion95,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and J. R. Rice},
  title = {Slip patterns and earthquake populations along
                  different classes of faults in elastic solids},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {12959--12983}
}
@article{ben-zion97,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Dynamic Simulations of Slip on a Smooth Fault in an
                  Elastic Solid},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {17771--17784}
}
@article{ben-zion99,
  author = {Ben-Zion, Y. and K. Dahmen and V. Lyakhovsky and
                  D. Ertas and A. Agnon},
  title = {Self-Driven Mode Switching of Earthquake Activity on
                  a Fault System},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {11--21}
}
@article{benard00,
  author = {B{\'{e}}nard, H},
  title = {Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquid},
  journal = {Revue g{\'{e}}n{\'{e}}rale des Sciences pures et
                  applique{\'{e}}s},
  year = 1900,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1261--1271 and 1309--1328}
}
@article{benard01,
  author = {B{\'{e}}nard, H},
  title = {Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide
                  transportant de la chaleur par convection en
                  r{\'{e}}gime permanent},
  journal = {Annales de Chimie et de Physique},
  year = 1901,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {62--144}
}
@article{bender83,
  author = {Bender, B.},
  title = {Maximum likelihood estimation of b values for
                  magnitude grouped data},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {831--851}
}
@article{benettin80,
  author = {Benettin, G. and Galgani, A. and Giorgilli, A. and
                  Strelcyn, J.-M.},
  title = {Lyapunov characteristic exponents for smooth
                  dynamical systems and for {H}amiltonian systems: A
                  method for Computing all of them. Part 2:
                  {N}umerical application},
  journal = {Meccanica},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 15,
  pages = 21
}
@article{beniest17,
  title = {{Numerical models for continental break-up:
                  Implications for the South Atlantic}},
  author = {Beniest, A and Koptev, A and Burov, Evgenii B.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 461,
  pages = {176--189},
  year = 2017
}
@article{benioff49,
  title = {Seismic evidence for the fault origin of oceanic
                  deeps},
  author = {Benioff, Hugo},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 60,
  pages = {1837--1856},
  year = 1949
}
@article{bennett04,
  title = {{Codependent histories of the San Andreas and San
                  Jacinto fault zones from inversion of fault
                  displacement rates}},
  author = {Bennett, Richard A and Friedrich, Anke M and
                  Furlong, Kevin P},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {961--964},
  year = 2004
}
@article{bennett96,
  author = {Bennett, R. and Rodi, W. and Reilinger, R. E.},
  title = {{Global Positioning System constraints on fault slip
                  rates in southern California and northern Baja,
                  Mexico}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {21943--21960}
}
@article{benzion22,
  title = {A grand challenge international infrastructure for
                  earthquake science},
  author = {Ben-Zion, Yehuda and Beroza, Gregory C and Bohnhoff,
                  Marco and Gabriel, Alice-Agnes and Mai, Paul Martin},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 93,
  pages = {2967--2968},
  year = 2022
}
@article{berckhemer82,
  title = {{Shear modulus and Q of forsterite and dunite near
                  partial melting from forced-oscillation
                  experiments}},
  author = {Berckhemer, H and Kampfmann, W and Aulbach, E and
                  Schmeling, H},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {30--41},
  year = 1982
}
@article{bercovici01,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Ricard, Y. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {A two-phase model for compaction and
                  damage. 3. {A}pplications to shear localization and
                  plate boundary formation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {8925--8939}
}
@article{bercovici02,
  title = {Theoretical analysis of shear localization in the
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Bercovici, David and Karato, Shun-ichiro},
  journal = {Rev. Mineral. Geochem.},
  volume = 51,
  pages = {387--420},
  year = 2002
}
@article{bercovici03,
  author = {Bercovici, D.},
  title = {The generation of plate tectonics from mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 205,
  pages = {107--121}
}
@article{bercovici03b,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Whole-mantle convection and the transition-zone
                  water filter},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 425,
  pages = {39--44}
}
@article{bercovici05,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Tectonic plate generation and two-phase damage:
                  {V}oid growth versus grain size reduction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B0340},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003181}
}
@article{bercovici13,
  title = {{Generation of plate tectonics with two-phase
                  grain-damage and pinning: Source--sink model and
                  toroidal flow}},
  author = {Bercovici, David and Ricard, Yanick},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 365,
  pages = {275--288},
  year = 2013
}
@article{bercovici14,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Plate tectonics, damage and inheritance},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 508,
  pages = {513--516}
}
@article{bercovici14b,
  title = {Slab rollback instability and supercontinent
                  dispersal},
  author = {Bercovici, David and Long, Maureen D},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {6659--6666},
  year = 2014
}
@incollection{bercovici15,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Tackley, P. T. and Ricard, Y.},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  title = {The generation of plate tectonics from mantle
                  convection},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  edition = 2,
  pages = {271--318}
}
@article{bercovici16,
  author = {Bercovici, D. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Grain-damage hysteresis and plate tectonic states},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 253,
  pages = {31--47}
}
@article{bercovici18,
  title = {A continuum theory for phase mixing and grain-damage
                  relevant to tectonic plate boundary evolution},
  author = {Bercovici, David and Mulyukova, Elvira},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 285,
  pages = {23--44},
  year = 2018
}
@article{bercovici89,
  title = {Three-dimensional thermal convection in a spherical
                  shell},
  author = {Bercovici, D and Schubert, G and Glatzmaier, GA and
                  Zebib, A},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 206,
  pages = {75--104},
  year = 1989
}
@article{bercovici92,
  title = {{Three-dimensional convection of an
                  infinite-Prandtl-number compressible fluid in a
                  basally heated spherical shell}},
  author = {Bercovici, David and Schubert, Gerald and
                  Glatzmaier, Gary A},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 239,
  pages = {683--719},
  year = 1992
}
@article{bercovici93,
  title = {A simple model of plate generation from mantle flow},
  author = {Bercovici, David},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 114,
  pages = {635--650},
  year = 1993
}
@article{bercovici95,
  author = {Bercovici, D.},
  title = {A source-sink model of the generation of
                  plate-tectonics from non-{N}ewtonian mantle flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {2013--2030}
}
@article{bercovici95b,
  author = {Bercovici, D.},
  title = {On the purpose of toroidal motion in a convecting
                  mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {3107--3110}
}
@article{bercovici96,
  author = {Bercovici, D.},
  title = {Plate generation in a simple model of
                  lithosphere-mantle flow with dynamic
                  self-lubrication},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {41--51}
}
@article{berg75,
  author = {Berg, H. C. },
  title = {Bacterial behavior},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 254,
  pages = {389--392}
}
@article{berge93,
  author = {Berge, P. A. and Berryman, J. G. and Bonner, B. P.},
  title = {Influence of microstructure on rock elastic
                  properties},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {2619--2622}
}
@article{berger80,
  title = {The Milankovitch astronomical theory of
                  paleoclimates: a modern review},
  author = {Berger, Andre},
  journal = {Vistas in Astronomy},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {103--122},
  year = 1980
}
@article{berger88,
  title = {Milankovitch theory and climate},
  author = {Berger, Andr{\'e}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {624--657},
  year = 1988
}
@article{bergeron00,
  author = {Bergeron, S. Y. and Yuen , D. A. and Vincent, A. P.},
  title = {Capabilities of 3-{D} wavelet transforms to detect
                  plume-like structures from seismic tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {3433--3436}
}
@article{bernard17,
  author = {Bernard, Rachel E. and Behr, Whitney M.},
  title = {{Fabric heterogeneity in the Mojave lower crust and
                  lithospheric mantle in Southern California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {5000--5025},
  doi = {10.1002/2017JB014280}
}
@article{bernard19,
  author = {Bernard, R. and Behr, W. M. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Young, D.},
  title = {{Relationships between olivine CPO and deformation
                  parameters in naturally deformed rocks and
                  implications for mantle seismic anisotropy}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2019,
  doi = {10.1002/2019GC008289}
}
@article{beroza11,
  title = {Slow earthquakes and nonvolcanic tremor},
  author = {Beroza, Gregory C and Ide, Satoshi},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {271--296},
  year = 2011
}
@article{beroza93,
  author = {Beroza, G. C. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {Mechanism Diversity of the {L}oma {P}rieta
                  Aftershocks and the Mechanics of
                  Mainshock-Aftershock Interaction},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 259,
  pages = {210--212}
}
@article{berryman12,
  author = {Kelvin R. Berryman and Ursula A. Cochran amd Kate
                  J. Clark and Glenn P. Biasi and Robert M. Langridge
                  and Pilar Villamor},
  title = {Major Earthquakes Occur Regularly on an Isolated
                  Plate Boundary Fault},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 336,
  pages = {1690--1693}
}
@article{bertelloni97,
  title = {Cenozoic subsidence and uplift of continents from
                  time-varying dynamic topography},
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C and Gurnis, M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {735--738},
  year = 1997
}
@article{betts12,
  author = {Betts, P. G. and Mason, W. G. and Moresi, L. M.},
  title = {The influence of a mantle plume head on the dynamics
                  of a retreating subduction zone},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {739--742}
}
@article{beucler03,
  author = {Beucler, {\'{E}}. and Stutzmann, {\'{E}}. and
                  Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Surface wave higher mode phase velocity measurements
                  usig a roller coaster type algorithm},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {289--307}
}
@article{beucler06,
  author = {Beucler, {\'{E}}. and Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Computation of Large Anisotropic seismic
                  heterogeneities {(CLASH)}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {447--468}
}
@article{bevis84b,
  author = {Bevis, M. and Isacks, B. L.},
  title = {Hypocentral trend surface analysis: {P}robing the
                  geometry of {B}enioff zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {6153--6170}
}
@article{bevis86,
  author = {Bevis, M.},
  title = {The curvature of {W}adati-{B}enioff zones and the
                  torsional rigidity of subducting plates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 323,
  pages = {52--53}
}
@article{bevis88,
  author = {Bevis, M.},
  title = {Seismic slip and down dip strain rate in
                  {W}adati-{B}enioff zones},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 240,
  pages = {1317--1319}
}
@article{bevis95,
  author = {Bevis, M. and Taylor, F. W. and Schutz, B. E. and
                  Recy, J. and Isacks, B. L. and Helu, S. and Singh,
                  R. and Kendrick, E. and Stowell, J. and Taylor,
                  B. and Calmant, S.},
  title = {Geodetic observations of very rapid convergence and
                  back-arc extension at the {T}onga arc},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 374,
  pages = {249--251}
}
@article{bezada10a,
  author = {Bezada, M. J. and M. B. Magnani and C. A. Zelt and
                  M. Schmitz and A. Levander},
  title = {{The Caribbean-South American plate boundary at
                  65$^\circ$W: Results from wide-angle seismic data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B08402},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB007070}
}
@article{bezada10b,
  author = {Bezada, M. J. and A. Levander and B. Schmandt},
  title = {{Subduction in the southern Caribbean: Images from
                  finite-frequency $P$ wave tomography}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12333},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB00768}
}
@article{bezada12a,
  author = {Bezada, M. J. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Contrasting rupture processes during the April 11,
                  2010 deep-focus earthquake beneath Granada, Spain}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 353,
  pages = {38--46},
  year = 2012
}
@article{bezada12b,
  author = {M. J. Bezada and E. D. Humphreys and D. R. Toomey
                  and M. Harnafi and J. M. D{\'{a}}vila},
  title = {Western Mediterranean slab rollback revealed by
                  upper mantle tomography},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = {submitted},
  year = 2013
}
@article{bezada16,
  title = {Representing anisotropic subduction zones with
                  isotropic velocity models: A characterization of the
                  problem and some steps on a possible path forward},
  author = {Bezada, MJ and Faccenda, M and Toomey, DR},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 17,
  number = 8,
  pages = {3164--3189},
  year = 2016
}
@article{bhagavatula95,
  author = {Bhagavatula, R. and Chen, K. and Jayaprakash, C.},
  title = {Earthquakes in a model of seismic zone with embedded
                  pre-existing faults},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1301--1304},
  month = {May},
  annote = {fault model, scaling laws}
}
@article{bhattacharya22,
  title = {The evolution of rock friction is more sensitive to
                  slip than elapsed time, even at near-zero slip
                  rates},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Pathikrit and Rubin, Allan M and
                  Tullis, Terry E and Beeler, Nicholas M and Okazaki,
                  Keishi},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {{e2119462119}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{bhattacharya23,
  title = {Learning {M}arkovian homogenized models in
                  viscoelasticity},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Kaushik and Liu, Burigede and Stuart,
                  Andrew and Trautner, Margaret},
  journal = {Multiscale Model. Simul.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {641--679},
  year = 2023
}
@article{bianchietal10,
  author = {Bianchi, I. and Park, J. and Agostinetti, N. Piana
                  and Levin, V.},
  title = {{Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic
                  decomposition of receiver functions: An application
                  to Northern Apennines, Italy}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2010}},
  volume = {{115}},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB007061},
  article-number = {{B12317}}
}
@article{bianco05,
  author = {Bianco, T. A. and Ito, G. and Becker, J. M. and
                  Garcia, M. O.},
  title = {Secondary {H}awaiian volcanism formed by flexural
                  arch decompression},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC000945}
}
@article{biasi02,
  title = {Paleoseismic event dating and the conditional
                  probability of large earthquakes on the southern San
                  Andreas fault, California},
  author = {Biasi, Glenn P and Weldon, Ray J and Fumal, Thomas E
                  and Seitz, Gordon G},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2761--2781},
  year = 2002
}
@article{biegel04,
  author = {Biegel, R. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {Relating Fault Mechanics to Fault Zone Structure},
  journal = {Adv. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {65--276}
}
@article{biegel07,
  author = {Biegel, R. L. and Sammis, C. G. and Rosakis, A. J.},
  title = {nteraction of a Dynamic Rupture on a Fault Plane
                  with Short Frictionless Fault Branches },
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {1881--1904}
}
@article{biegel08,
  author = {Biegel, R. L. and Sammis, C. G. and Rosakis, A. J.},
  title = {An experimental study of the effect of off-fault
                  damage on the velocity of a slip pulse},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B04302},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005234}
}
@article{biegel89,
  author = {Biegel, R. L. and Sammis, C. G. and Dieterich,
                  J. H.},
  title = {The frictional properties of a simulated gouge
                  having a fractal particle distribution},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {827--846}
}
@article{biemiller17,
  author = {Biemiller, J. and Lavier, L. L.},
  title = {Earthquake supercycles as part of a spectrum of
                  normal fault slip styles},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {3221--3240}
}
@article{bijwaard98,
  author = {Bijwaard, H. and Spakman, W. and Engdahl, E.R.},
  title = {Closing the gap between regional and global travel
                  time tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {30055--30078}
}
@article{bijwaard99,
  title = {{Tomographic evidence for a narrow whole mantle
                  plume below Iceland}},
  author = {Bijwaard, Harmen and Spakman, Wim},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 166,
  pages = {121--126},
  year = 1999
}
@article{bilek03,
  title = {Control of seafloor roughness on earthquake rupture
                  behavior},
  author = {Bilek, Susan L and Schwartz, Susan Y and DeShon,
                  Heather R},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {455--458},
  year = 2003
}
@article{bilek05,
  author = {Bilek, S. and Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertelloni,
                  C.},
  title = {Slab pull, slab weakening and their relation to deep
                  intra-slab seismicity},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL022922}
}
@article{bilek18,
  title = {Subduction zone megathrust earthquakes},
  author = {Bilek, Susan L and Lay, Thorne},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {1468--1500},
  year = 2018
}
@article{bilham,
  author = {Bilham, R. and King, G. C. P.},
  title = {The Morphology of Strike-Slip-Faults: Examples from
                  the {S}an-{A}ndreas Fault, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {10204--10216},
  month = {August}
}
@article{bilham05,
  title = {{Partial and complete rupture of the Indo-Andaman
                  plate boundary 1847-2004}},
  author = {Bilham, R and Engdahl, R and Feldl, N and Satyabala,
                  SP},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 76,
  pages = {299--311},
  year = 2005
}
@article{bilham91,
  author = {Bilham, R. },
  title = {Earthquakes and sea level: space and terrestrial
                  metrology on a changing planet },
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {1--29}
}
@article{billen01,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {A low viscosity wedge in subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 193,
  pages = {227--236}
}
@article{billen03,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Comparison of dynamic flow models for the {C}entral
                  {A}leuitan and {T}onga-{K}ermadec subduction zones},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000295}
}
@article{billen03b,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Multiscale dynamics of the Tonga-Kermadec
                  subduction zone}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 153,
  pages = {359--388}
}
@article{billen04,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Houseman, G. A.},
  title = {{Lithospheric instability in obliquely convergent
                  margins: San Gabriel Mountains, southern
                  California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B01404},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002605}
}
@article{billen05,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Newtonian versus non-{N}ewtonian upper mantle
                  viscosity: Implications for subduction initiation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL023457}
}
@article{billen05b,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Constraints on subducting plate strength within the
                  {K}ermadec trench},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003308}
}
@article{billen07a,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Rheologic controls on slab dynamics},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001597},
  number = {Q08012},
  year = 2007
}
@article{billen08,
  author = {Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Modeling the dynamics of subducting slabs},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {325--356},
  year = 2008
}
@article{billen10,
  author = {Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Slab Dynamics in the Transition Zone},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {296–-308}
}
@article{billen18,
  author = {Billen, M. I. and Arredondo, K. M.},
  title = {Decoupling of plate-asthenosphere motion caused by
                  non-linear viscosity during slab folding in the
                  transition zone},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 281,
  pages = {17--30}
}
@article{billen20,
  author = {Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Deep slab seismicity limited by rate of deformation
                  in the transition zone},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 6,
  number = 22,
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaz7692}
}
@article{bills07,
  author = {Bills, B. and Adams, K. D. and Wesnousky, S. G.},
  title = {Viscosity structure of the crust and upper mantle in
                  western {N}evada from isostatic rebound patterns of
                  the late {Pleistocene Lake Lahontan} high shoreline},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003941}
}
@article{bills87,
  title = {{Lake Bonneville: Constraints on lithospheric
                  thickness and upper mantle viscosity from isostatic
                  warping of Bonneville, Provo, and Gilbert stage
                  shorelines}},
  author = {Bills, Bruce G and May, Glenn M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {11493--11508},
  year = 1987
}
@article{bills99,
  title = {Lunar orbital evolution: {A} synthesis of recent
                  results},
  author = {Bills, Bruce G and Ray, Richard D},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {3045--3048},
  year = 1999
}
@article{bina10,
  author = {Bina, C. R. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {Buoyancy, bending, and seismic visibility in deep
                  slab stagnation},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {330–-340}
}
@article{bingham29,
  title = {Rheology. I. The nature of fluid flow},
  author = {Bingham, Eugene C},
  journal = {J. Chem. Educ.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1113--119},
  year = 1929,
  publisher = {ACS Publications}
}
@article{birch52,
  author = {Birch, F.},
  title = {{Elasticity and constitution of the Earth’s
                  interior}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1952,
  volume = 57,
  pages = {227--286}
}
@article{birch65,
  title = {Energetics of core formation},
  author = {Birch, Francis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 70,
  pages = {6217--6221},
  year = 1965
}
@article{bird02,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Stress direction history of the western {U}nited
                  {S}tates and {M}exico since 85 {M}a},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 21,
  number = 3,
  doi = {10.1029/2001TC001319}
}
@article{bird02b,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Neotectonic velocity field of the western {United
                  States} (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 83,
  number = 47,
  pages = {NG62A-0931}
}
@article{bird03,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {An updated digital model of plate boundaries},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  number = 3,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000252}
}
@article{bird04,
  author = {Bird, P. and Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Plate-tectonic analysis of shallow seismicity:
                  {A}pparent boundary width, beta, corner magnitude,
                  coupled lithosphere thickness, and coupling in seven
                  tectonic settings},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {2380--2399}
}
@article{bird08,
  author = {Bird, P. and Liu, Z. and Rucker, W. K.},
  title = {Stresses that drive the plates from below:
                  Definitions, computational path, model optimization,
                  and error analysis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11406},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005460}
}
@article{bird08b,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Fault slip rates in the western {U.S.} from a joint
                  fit to geologic offsets, {GPS} velocities, and
                  stress directions (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 52,
  pages = {T23R-08}
}
@article{bird09,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {{Long-term fault slip rates, distributed deformation
                  rates, and forecast of seismicity in the western
                  United States from joint fitting of community
                  geologic, geodetic, and stress direction data sets}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B11403},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006317}
}
@unpublished{bird12_csm,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {{Thin-shell dynamic F-E model SHELLS with faults,
                  3-D structure, and realistic rheology}},
  note = {Unpublished model derived for the SCEC CSM using the
                  method of \cite{bird99}, available online at
                  \url{http://sceczero.usc.edu/projects/CSM/model_metadata?type=stress&model=SHELLS},
                  accessed 10/2013},
  year = 2012
}
@article{bird15,
  title = {{Revised tectonic forecast of global shallow
                  seismicity based on version 2.1 of the Global Strain
                  Rate Map}},
  author = {Bird, Peter and Kreemer, Corn{\'e}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {152--166},
  year = 2015
}
@article{bird79,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Continental delamination and the {C}olorado
                  {P}lateau},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {7561--7571}
}
@article{bird80,
  author = {Bird, P. and Piper, K.},
  title = {Plane-stress finite-element models of tectonic flow
                  in {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {158--175}
}
@article{bird84,
  author = {Bird, P. and Baumgardner, J.},
  title = {Fault friction, regional stress, and crust-mantle
                  coupling in {S}outhern {C}alifornia from finite
                  element models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {1932--1944}
}
@article{bird84b,
  title = {Kinematics of present crust and mantle flow in
                  southern California},
  author = {Bird, Peter and Rosenstock, Robert W},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {946--957},
  year = 1984
}
@article{bird88,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Formation of the {R}ocky {M}ountains, western
                  {U}nited {S}tates: a continuum computer model},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 239,
  pages = {1501--1507}
}
@article{bird91,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high
                  topography, in the isostatic limit},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {10275--10286}
}
@article{bird94,
  author = {Bird, P. and Kong, X.},
  title = {Computer simulations of {C}alifornia tectonics
                  confirm very low strength of major faults},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {159--174}
}
@article{bird96,
  author = {Bird, P. and Li, Y.},
  title = {Interpolation of principal stress directions by
                  nonparametric statistics: global maps with
                  confidence limits},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {5435--5443}
}
@article{bird98,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Testing hypothesis on plate-driving mechanisms with
                  global lithosphere models including topography,
                  thermal structure, and faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {10115--10129}
}
@article{bird99,
  author = {Bird, P.},
  title = {Thin-plate and thin-shell finite element programs
                  for forward dynamic modeling of plate deformation
                  and faulting},
  journal = {Computers \& Geosc.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {383--394}
}
@article{birren19,
  title = {The Impact of Rheology on the Transition From
                  Stick-Slip to Creep in a Semibrittle Analog},
  author = {Birren, Thomas and Reber, Jacqueline E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {3144--3154},
  year = 2019
}
@article{biryol10,
  author = {C. B. Biryol and G. Zandt and S. L. Beck and
                  A. A. Ozacar and H. E. Adiyaman and C. R. Gans},
  title = {{Shear wave splitting along a nascent plate
                  boundary: the North Anatolian Fault Zone}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 181,
  pages = {1201--1213}
}
@inproceedings{biswas18,
  author = {R. Biswas and A. F. Arnulf and M. K. Sen and
                  D. Datta and P. Jaysaval},
  title = {{Ray-based tomography and acoustic full waveform
                  inversion with the reversible jump Markov chain
                  Monte Carlo algorithm} (abstract)},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2018,
  organization = {American Geophysical Union},
  number = {{S31D-0526}}
}
@misc{bitbucket_des3d,
  author = {E. Choi and E. Tan and L. L. Lavier and V. M. Calo},
  title = {{DES3D on Bitbucket}},
  year = 2016,
  howpublished = {Online at
                  \url{bitbucket.org/tan2/dynearthsol3d/src}, accessed
                  11/2016}
}
@article{bittner1995,
  author = {Bittner, D. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Numerical modeling of melting processes and induced
                  diapirism in the lower crust},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 123,
  number = {59--70},
  year = 1995
}
@article{blackman02a,
  author = {Blackman, D. K. and Wenk, H.-R. and Kendall, J.-M.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle: 1. {F}actors
                  that affect mineral texture and effective elastic
                  properties},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 3,
  number = {2001GC000248},
  year = 2002
}
@article{blackman02b,
  author = {Blackman, D. K. and Kendall, J.-M.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle:
                  2. {P}redictions for current plate boundary flow
                  models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 3,
  number = {2001GC000247},
  year = 2002
}
@article{blackman02c,
  title = {{Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
                  30$^\circ$N): Implications for the evolution of an
                  ultramafic oceanic core complex}},
  author = {Blackman, Donna K and Karson, Jeffrey A and Kelley,
                  Deborah S and Cann, Johnson R and Fr{\"u}h-Green,
                  Gretchen L and Gee, Jeffrey S and Hurst, Stephen D
                  and John, Barbara E and Morgan, Jennifer and Nooner,
                  Scott L and Ross, D Kent and Schroeder Timothy J and
                  Williams, Elizabeth A.},
  journal = {Marine Geophys. Res.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {443--469},
  year = 2002
}
@article{blackman07,
  author = {Blackman, D.},
  title = {Use of mineral physics, with geodynamic modelling
                  and seismology, to investigate flow in the {E}arth's
                  mantle},
  journal = {Rep. Prog. Phys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 70,
  pages = {659--689}
}
@article{blackman17,
  author = {Blackman, D.K. and Boyce, D.E. and Castelnau, O. and
                  Dawson, P. R. and Laske, G},
  title = {Effects of crystal preferred orientation on
                  upper-mantle flow near plate boundaries: rheologic
                  feedbacks and seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 210,
  pages = {1481-1493},
  year = 2017
}
@article{blackman96,
  author = {Blackman, D. K. and Kendall, J.-M. and Dawson,
                  P. R. and Wenk, H.-R.},
  title = {Teleseismic imaging of subaxial flow at mid-ocean
                  ridges: traveltime effects of anisotropic mineral
                  texture in the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {415--426}
}
@article{blackman97,
  author = {Blackman, D. K. and Kendall, J.-M.},
  title = {Sensitivity of teleseismic body waves to mineral
                  texture and melt in the mantle beneath a mid-ocean
                  ridge},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 235,
  pages = {217--231}
}
@inproceedings{blackwell04,
  author = {Blackwell, D. D. and Richards, M.},
  title = {Calibration of the {AAPG} {G}eothermal {S}urvey of
                  {N}orth {A}merica {BHT} Data Base (abstract)},
  booktitle = {AAPG Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX},
  pages = 87616,
  year = 2004,
  note = {updated data compilation based on
                  \cite{blackwell91}, available online at
                  \url{http://www.smu.edu/geothermal/2004NAMap/},
                  accessed 05/2005}
}
@article{blackwell20,
  title = {{Tracking California’s sinking coast from space:
                  Implications for relative sea-level rise}},
  author = {Em Blackwell1 and Manoochehr Shirzaei and
                  Chandrakanta Ojha and Susanna Werth},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {{eaba4551}}
}
@incollection{blackwell91,
  author = {Blackwell, D. D. and Steele, J. L. and Carter,
                  L. S.},
  title = {Heat flow patterns of the {North American}
                  continent: A discussion of the {DNAG} geothermal map
                  of {North America}},
  booktitle = {Neotectonics of North America},
  pages = {423--437},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Amer.},
  year = 1991,
  editor = {Slemmons, D. B. and Engdahl, E. R. and Blackwell,
                  D. D.},
  volume = 1,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Amer. DNAG Decade Map}
}
@article{blanco93,
  author = {Blanco, M. and Spakman, W.},
  title = {The {P}-wave velocity structure of the mantle below
                  the {I}berian {P}eninsula: evidence for subducted
                  lithosphere below Southern {S}pain},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 221,
  pages = {13--34}
}
@article{blanpied86,
  author = {Blanpied, M. L. and Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {The stability and behavior of a frictional system
                  with a two state variable constitutive law},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {415--444}
}
@article{blanpied91,
  title = {Fault stability inferred from granite sliding
                  experiments at hydrothermal conditions},
  author = {Blanpied, ML and Lockner, DA and Byerlee, JD},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {609--612},
  year = 1991
}
@article{blanpied95,
  title = {Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal
                  conditions},
  author = {Blanpied, Michael L and Lockner, David A and
                  Byerlee, James D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {13045--13064},
  year = 1995
}
@article{blaser10,
  title = {Scaling relations of earthquake source parameter
                  estimates with special focus on subduction
                  environment},
  author = {Blaser, Lilian and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger,
                  Matthias and Scherbaum, Frank},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {2914--2926},
  year = 2010
}
@article{bleeker03,
  author = {Bleeker, W.},
  title = {The late {A}rchean record: a puzzle in ca. 35
                  pieces},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {99--134}
}
@article{bletery16,
  author = {Q. Bletery and A. M. Thomas and A. W. Rempel and
                  L. Karlstrom and A. Sladen and L. De Barros},
  title = {Mega-earthquakes rupture flat megathrusts},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 354,
  pages = {1027--1031}
}
@techreport{blewitt16,
  author = {Blewitt, G.},
  title = {{NGL/UNR GPS Data Analysis Strategy Summary}},
  institution = {Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, University of Nevada},
  year = 2016,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://geodesy.unr.edu/gps/ngl.acn.txt},
                  accessed 11/2016}
}
@article{blewitt18,
  author = {Blewitt, G. and Hammond, W. C. and Kreemer, C.},
  title = {Harnessing the {GPS} data explosion for
                  interdisciplinary science},
  journal = {Eos},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 99,
  doi = {10.1029/2018EO104623}
}
@article{block56,
  author = {Block, M},
  title = {Surface tension as the cause for B{\'{e}}nard and
                  surface deformation in a liquid film},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1956,
  volume = 178,
  pages = {650--651}
}
@book{blumenauer,
  author = {Blumenauer, H. and Pusch, G.},
  title = {Technische Bruchmechanik},
  publisher = {Dtsch.\ Verlag f"ur Grundstoffindustrie},
  year = 1993,
  address = {Leipzig},
  edition = 3
}
@article{boccaletti71,
  author = {Boccaletti, M. and Elter, P. and Guazzone, G.},
  title = {Polarit{\'{a}} strutturali delle Alpi e dell'
                  Appennino Settentrionale in rapporto all'inversione
                  di una zona di subduzione nord-tirrenica},
  journal = {Mem. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {371--378}
}
@article{bock00,
  author = {Bock, Y. and Nikolaidis, R. M. and de Jonge,
                  P. J. and Bevis, M.},
  title = {Instantaneous geodetic positioning at medium
                  distances with the {Global Positioning System}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {28223--28253}
}
@article{bock03,
  title = {{Crustal motion in Indonesia from global positioning
                  system measurements}},
  author = {Bock, YEHUDA and Prawirodirdjo, L and Genrich, JF
                  and Stevens, CW and McCaffrey, R and Subarya, C and
                  Puntodewo, SSO and Calais, E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = 2367,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000324},
  year = 2003
}
@article{bodin,
  author = {Bodin, P. and Brune, J.N.},
  title = {On the Scaling of Slip with Rupture Length for
                  Shallow Strike-Slip Earthquakes: Quasi-Static Models
                  and Dynamic Rupture Propagation},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1292--1299},
  month = {October}
}
@article{bodin12,
  title = {Transdimensional inversion of receiver functions and
                  surface wave dispersion},
  author = {Bodin, Thomas and Sambridge, Malcolm and
                  Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, H and Arroucau, Pierre and
                  Gallagher, Kerry and Rawlinson, Nicholas},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B2},
  year = 2012
}
@article{bodin16,
  title = {{Imaging anisotropic layering with Bayesian
                  inversion of multiple data types}},
  author = {Bodin, T. and Leiva, J. and Romanowicz, B. A. and
                  Maupin, V. and Yuan, H.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 206,
  pages = {605--629},
  year = 2016
}
@article{bodine81,
  title = {Observations of flexure and the rheology of the
                  oceanic lithosphere},
  author = {Bodine, JH and Steckler, MS and Watts, AB},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 86,
  pages = {3695--3707},
  year = 1981
}
@article{bodmer15,
  author = {Bodmer, M. and Toomey, D. R. and Hooft, E. E. and
                  Braunmiller, J.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy beneath the {Juan de Fuca} plate
                  system: {E}vidence for heterogeneous mantle flow},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  doi = {G37181.1}
}
@article{bodri78,
  author = {Bodri, L. and Bodri, B.},
  title = {Numerical investigation of tectonic flow in
                  island-arc areas},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {163--175}
}
@article{bodur19,
  author = {Bodur, O. F. and Rey, P. F.},
  title = {The impact of rheological uncertainty on dynamic
                  topography predictions},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {2167--2178}
}
@article{boettcher04,
  author = {Boettcher, M. S. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Earthquake scaling relations for mid-ocean ridge
                  transform faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B12302},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003110}
}
@article{boettcher07,
  author = {M. S. Boettcher and G. Hirth and B.  Evans},
  title = {Olivine friction at the base of oceanic seismogenic
                  zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B91295},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004301}
}
@article{boettcher09,
  author = {Boettcher, M. S. and McGarr, A. and Johnston, M.},
  title = {{Extension of Gutenberg–Richter distribution to Mw
                  $-1.3$, no lower limit in sight}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L10307},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL038080}
}
@article{bokelmann00,
  author = {Bokelmann, G. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Plate-mantle interaction and forces that move
                  plates},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 81,
  number = 48,
  note = {Special session at AGU Fall Meeting}
}
@article{bokelmann00b,
  author = {Bokelmann, G. H. R. and Beroza, G. C.},
  title = {Depth-dependent earthquake focal mechanism
                  orientation: evidence for a weak zone in the lower
                  crust},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {21683--21696}
}
@article{bokelmann02a,
  author = {Bokelmann, G. H. R.},
  title = {Convection-driven motion of the north {A}merican
                  craton: evidence from {$P$}-wave anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 148,
  pages = {278--287},
  year = 2002
}
@article{bokelmann02b,
  author = {Bokelmann, G.},
  title = {Which forces drive {N}orth {A}merica?},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = 1027
}
@article{bokelmann07,
  author = {Bokelmann, G. and Maufroy, E.},
  title = {Mantle structure under {G}ibraltar constrained by
                  dispersion of body waves},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L22305},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL030964}
}
@article{boliakov94,
  author = {Boliakov, A. N. B. and Herrmann, H. J.},
  title = {Self-organized criticality of plastic shear bands in
                  rocks},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {2143--2146}
}
@incollection{bolin86,
  title = {Requirements for a satisfactory model of the global
                  carbon cycle and current status of modeling efforts},
  author = {Bolin, Bert},
  booktitle = {The changing carbon cycle},
  pages = {403--424},
  year = 1986,
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{bolton23,
  title = {Foreshock properties illuminate nucleation processes
                  of slow and fast laboratory earthquakes},
  author = {Bolton, David C and Marone, Chris and Saffer, Demian
                  and Trugman, Daniel T},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = 3859,
  year = 2023
}
@article{bonafede00,
  author = {Bonafede, M. and Neri, A.},
  title = {Effects induced by an earthquake on its fault plane:
                  a boundary element study},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {43--56}
}
@article{bonafede85,
  author = {Bonafede, M. and Dragoni, M. and Boschi, E.},
  title = {Quasi-static crack models and the frictional stress
                  threshold criterion for slip arrest},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {615--637},
  annote = {finite crack tip stress field, crack, fault}
}
@article{bonafede86,
  author = {Bonafede, M. and Dragoni, M. and Morelli, A.},
  title = {On the Existence of a Periodic Dislocation Cycle in
                  Horizontally Layered Viscoelastic Model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {6396--6404},
  month = {May}
}
@article{bond17,
  title = {On the causes of mass extinctions},
  author = {Bond, David PG and Grasby, Stephen E},
  journal = {Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol.},
  volume = 478,
  pages = {3--29},
  year = 2017
}
@article{boneh14,
  author = {Boneh, Y. and Skemer, Y.},
  title = {The effect of deformation history on the evolution
                  of olivine {CPO}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 406,
  pages = {213--222}
}
@article{boneh15,
  author = {Boneh, Y. and Morales, L. F. and Kaminski,
                  {\'{E}}. and Skemer, P.},
  title = {Modeling olivine {CPO} evolution with complex
                  deformation histories: {I}mplications for the
                  interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {3436--3455}
}
@article{boneh17,
  author = {Boneh, Y. and Wallis, D. and Hansen, L. N. and
                  Krawczynski, M. and Skemer, P.},
  title = {Oriented grain growth and modification of ``frozen
                  anisotropy'' in the lithospheric mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 474,
  pages = {368--374}
}
@article{boness06,
  author = {Boness, N. L. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {{Mapping stress and structurally controlled crustal
                  shear velocity anisotropy in California}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {825--828}
}
@misc{bonilla,
  author = {Bonilla, M. G. and Buchanan, J. M.},
  title = {Interim Report on Worldwide Historic Surface
                  Faulting},
  howpublished = {{U}.{S}. Geol. Surv., Open-File Rept., {W}ashington,
                  {D}.{C}.},
  year = 1970
}
@article{bonini2003,
  author = {Bonini, M.},
  title = {Detachment folding, fold amplification, and
                  diapirism in thrust wedge experiments},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 22,
  doi = {10.1029/2002TC001458},
  year = 2003
}
@article{bonnin10,
  title = {{Upper mantle deformation beneath the North
                  American--Pacific plate boundary in California from
                  SKS splitting}},
  author = {Bonnin, Mickael and Barruol, Guilhem and Bokelmann,
                  G{\"o}tz HR},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B4},
  year = 2010
}
@article{bonnin12,
  author = {Bonnin, M. and Tommasi, A. and Hassani, R. and
                  Chevrot, S. and Wookey, J.  and Barruol, G.},
  title = {{Numerical modelling of the upper-mantle anisotropy
                  beneath a migrating strike-slip plate boundary: the
                  San Andreas Fault system}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {436--458}
}
@article{bono19,
  title = {{Young inner core inferred from Ediacaran ultra-low
                  geomagnetic field intensity}},
  author = {Bono, Richard K and Tarduno, John A and Nimmo,
                  Francis and Cottrell, Rory D},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {143--147},
  year = 2019
}
@article{book22,
  title = {{Stabilizing effect of bedrock uplift on retreat of
                  Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, at centennial
                  timescales}},
  author = {Book, Cameron and Hoffman, Matthew J and Kachuck,
                  Samuel B and Hillebrand, Trevor R and Price, Stephen
                  F and Perego, Mauro and Bassis, Jeremy N},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 597,
  pages = 117798,
  year = 2022
}
@article{booth83,
  author = {Booth, D. C. and S. Crampin},
  title = {The anisotropic reflectivity technique: theory},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  volume = 72,
  pages = {31--45},
  year = 1985
}
@article{borat23,
  author = {Borat, P. and Rivi{\`{e}}re, J.  and Marone, C. and
                  Mali, A. and Kifer, D. and Shokouhi, P.},
  title = {Using a physics-informed neural network and fault
                  zone acoustic monitoring to predict lab earthquakes},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 14,
  pages = 3693
}
@article{borrero06,
  author = {Borrero, C. and H. Castillo},
  title = {Vulcanitas del {S-SE} de {C}olombia: retro-arco
                  alcalino y su posible relaci{\'{o}}n con una ventana
                  astenosf{\'{e}}rica},
  journal = {Bolet{\'i}n de Geolog{\'{i}}a UIS},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {23--34}
}
@article{borrero09,
  author = {Borrero, C. and L. M. Toro and M. Alvar{\'{a}}n and
                  H. Castillo},
  title = {Geochemistry and tectonic controls of the effusive
                  activity related with the ancestral {N}evado del
                  {R}u{\'{i}}z volcano, {C}olombia},
  journal = {Geof{\'{i}}s. {I}nter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {149--169}
}
@article{borsa14a,
  author = {Borsa, A. A. and Agnew, D. C. and Cayan, D. R.},
  title = {{Ongoing drought-induced uplift in the western
                  United States}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 345,
  pages = {1587--1590}
}
@article{borsa14b,
  author = {Borsa, A. A. and Agnew, D. C.},
  title = {Drought-induced stress changes on faults associated
                  with the 2014 {South Napa} earthquake},
  journal = {AGU Fall Meeting Abtract Volume},
  year = 2014,
  number = {S44D-05},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.S44D..05B},
                  accessed 08/2015}
}
@article{borsi68,
  author = {Borsi, S. and Dubois, R.},
  title = {Donnes geochronologiques sue l'histoire hercynienne
                  et alpine de la {C}alabre centrale},
  journal = {C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 266,
  pages = {72--75}
}
@article{bortolotti90,
  author = {Bortolotti, V. and Principi, G. and Treves, B.},
  title = {Mesozoic evolution of western {T}ethys and the
                  {E}urope/{I}beria/{A}dria plate junction},
  journal = {Mem. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {393--407}
}
@article{boschi00,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M},
  title = {Whole {E}arth tomography from delay times of {P},
                  {PcP}, {PKP} phases: lateral heterogeneities in the
                  outer core, or radial anisotropy in the mantle?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {25567--25594}
}
@article{boschi02,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {New images of the {E}arth's upper mantle from
                  measurements of surface-wave phase velocity
                  anomalies},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000059},
  year = 2002
}
@article{boschi03,
  author = {Boschi, L.},
  title = {Measures of resolution in global body wave
                  tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018222}
}
@article{boschi04a,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Kustowski, B.},
  title = {Multiple resolution surface wave tomography: the
                  {M}editerranean basin},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {293--304}
}
@article{boschi06,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Surface wave ray tracing and azimuthal anisotropy:
                  generalized spherical harmonic approach},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {569--578}
}
@article{boschi06b,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and Soldati, G. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {On the relevance of {B}orn theory in global seismic
                  tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  number = {L06302},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL025063}
}
@article{boschi07,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and Steinberger, B.},
  title = {Mantle plumes: dynamic models and seismic images},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 8,
  number = {Q10006},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001733}
}
@article{boschi08,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and Steinberger, B.},
  title = {On the statistical significance of correlations
                  between synthetic mantle plumes and tomographic
                  models},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {230--238}
}
@article{boschi09,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m,
                  G. and van Heijst, H. J. and Simmons, N. A. and
                  Trampert, J.},
  title = {Vertical coherency of heterogeneity in the {E}arth's
                  mantle constrained from a comprehensive set of
                  global seismic data (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 90,
  number = 52,
  pages = {U23D-0064}
}
@article{boschi09b,
  author = {Boschi, L. and B. Fry and G. Ekstr{\"{o}}m and
                  D. Giardini},
  title = {{The European upper mantle as seen by surface
                  waves}},
  journal = {Surv. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {463--501}
}
@article{boschi10,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Mantle structure and dynamic topography in the
                  {Mediterranean Basin}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L20303},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL045001}
}
@article{boschi10b,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W. and Cammarano, F. and
                  Speziale, S.},
  title = {Mapping mineralogical phase transformations from
                  global seismic data},
  journal = {Abstract U51A-0020 presented at 2010 Fall Meeting,
                  AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 13-17 Dec.},
  year = 2010
}
@article{boschi11,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Vertical coherence in mantle heterogeneity from
                  global seismic data},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L20306},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL049281}
}
@article{boschi99,
  author = {Boschi, L. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {`{H}igh' and `low' resolution images of the
                  {E}arth's mantle -- {I}mplications of different
                  approaches to tomographic modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {25567--25594}
}
@article{bostock01,
  author = {Bostock, M. G. and Rondenay, S. and Shragge, J.},
  title = {{Multi-parameter 2-D inversion of scattered
                  teleseismic body waves I. Theory for oblique
                  incidence}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 107,
  pages = {30771--30782}
}
@article{bostock02,
  author = {Bostock, M. G.},
  title = {Kirchhoff-approximate inversion of teleseismic
                  wavefields},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {787--795}
}
@article{bostock02b,
  author = {Bostock, M. G. and R. D. Hyndman and S. Rondenay and
                  S. M. Peacock},
  title = {{An inverted continental Moho and serpentinization
                  of the forearc mantle}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 417,
  pages = {536--538}
}
@article{bostock12,
  author = {Bostock, M. g. and Christensen, N. I.},
  title = {Split from slip and schist: Crustal anisotropy
                  beneath northern Cascadia from non-volcanic tremor},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B08303},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009095}
}
@article{bostock98,
  title = {{Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the Slave
                  province}},
  author = {Bostock, MG},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 103,
  number = {B9},
  pages = {21183--21200},
  year = 1998
}
@article{bostock99,
  author = {Bostock, M. G.},
  title = {Seismic imaging of lithospheric discontinuities and
                  continental evolution},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {1--16}
}
@article{bosworth99,
  author = {Bosworth, W. and Guirath, R. and Kessler II, L. G.},
  title = {Late {C}retaceous (ca.~84~{Ma}) compressive
                  deformation of the stable platform of northeast
                  {A}frica ({E}gypt): far-field stress effects of the
                  ``{S}antonian event'' and origin of the {S}yrian arc
                  deformation belt},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {633--636}
}
@article{bouchon16,
  author = {M. Bouchon and D. Marsan and V. Durand and
                  M. Campillo and H. Perfettini and R. Madariaga and
                  B. Gardonio},
  title = {Potential slab deformation and plunge prior to the
                  {Tohoku, Iquique} and {M}aule earthquakes},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {380--384},
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO2701}
}
@article{bouillier75,
  author = {Bouillier, A. M. and Nicolas, A.},
  title = {Classification of textures and fabrics of peridotite
                  xenoliths from {S}outh {A}frican kimberlites},
  journal = {Phys. Chem. Earth},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {467--475}
}
@article{bourne98,
  author = {Bourne, S. J. and England, P. C. and Parsons, B.},
  title = {The motion of crustal blocks driven by flow of the
                  lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of
                  continental strike-slip faults},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 391,
  pages = {655--659}
}
@book{bowden64,
  author = {Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D.},
  title = {The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Part 2},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1964,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{bower09,
  author = {Bower, D. J. and Gurnis, M. and Jackson, J. M. and
                  Sturhahn, W.},
  title = {Enhanced convection and fast plumes in the lower
                  mantle induced by the spin transition in
                  ferropericlase},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L10306},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL037706}
}
@article{bower13,
  title = {Lower mantle structure from paleogeographically
                  constrained dynamic Earth models},
  author = {Bower, Dan J and Gurnis, Michael and Seton, Maria},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {44--63},
  year = 2013
}
@article{bower15,
  author = {Bower, D. J. and Gurnis, M. and Flament, N.},
  title = {{Assimilating lithosphere and slab history in 4-D
                  dynamic Earth models}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {8--22}
}
@article{bowman87,
  author = {Bowman, J. R. and Ando, M. A.},
  title = {Shear-wave splitting in the upper mantle wedge above
                  the {T}onga subduction zone},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {24--41},
  year = 1987
}
@article{bowman97,
  author = {Bowman, D. D. and Ouillon, G. and Sammis, C. G. and
                  Sornette, D. and Sornette, A.},
  title = {An observational test of the critical earthquake
                  concept},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {F463}
}
@article{bowman98,
  author = {Bowman, D. D. and Ouillon, G. and Samnis, C. G. and
                  Sornette, A. and Sornette, D.},
  title = {An observational test of the critical earthquake
                  concept},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24359--24372}
}
@article{bown94,
  title = {Variation with spreading rate of oceanic crustal
                  thickness and geochemistry},
  author = {Bown, Jonathan W and White, Robert S},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {435--449},
  year = 1994
}
@article{boyd04,
  author = {Boyd, O. S. and Jones, C. H. and Sheehan, A. F.},
  title = {{Foundering lithosphere imaged beneath the Southern
                  Sierra Nevada, California}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 305,
  pages = {660--662}
}
@incollection{boyd05,
  author = {Boyd, O. S. and Sheehan, A. F.},
  title = {{Attenuation tomography beneath the Rocky Mountain
                  Front: Implications for the physical state of the
                  upper mantle}},
  booktitle = {The Rocky Mountain Region: An Evolving Lithosphere},
  pages = {361--377},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 154,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.}
}
@article{boyd85,
  title = {{Evidence for a 150--200-km thick Archaean
                  lithosphere from diamond inclusion thermobarometry}},
  author = {Boyd, FR and Gurney, JJ and Richardson, SH},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 315,
  pages = {387--389},
  year = 1985
}
@article{boyet05,
  title = {{142Nd evidence for early ($> 4.53$~Ga) global
                  differentiation of the silicate Earth}},
  author = {Boyet, Maud and Carlson, Richard W},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 309,
  pages = {576--581},
  year = 2005
}
@article{bozdag10,
  author = {Bozdag, E. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Assessment of tomographic mantle models using
                  spectral element seismograms},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {1187--1199}
}
@article{brace66,
  author = {W. F. Brace and J. D. Beyerlee},
  title = {Stick-Slip as a Mechanism for Earthquakes},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1966,
  volume = 153,
  pages = {990--992}
}
@article{brace80,
  author = {Brace, W. F. and Kohlstedt, D. L.},
  title = {Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory
                  experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {6248--6252}
}
@article{braiman97,
  author = {Brainman, Y. and Family, F. and Hentschel, H. G. E.},
  title = {Nonlinear friction in the periodic stick-slip motion
                  of coupled oscillators},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. B.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {5491--5504}
}
@book{branchaw20a,
  author = {Branchaw, J. L. and Butz, A. R. and Smith, A. R.},
  title = {Entering Research: A curriculum to support
                  undergraduate and graduate research trainees},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = 2020,
  address = {New York},
  edition = 2
}
@article{branchaw20b,
  author = {Branchaw, J.L. and Butz, A.R.  and Smith, A.R.},
  title = {Evaluation of the Second Edition of Entering
                  Research: {A} Customizable Curriculum for
                  Apprentice-Style Undergraduate and Graduate Research
                  Training Programs and Courses },
  journal = {Life Sci. Edu.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1--19}
}
@article{brandenburg07,
  author = {J. P. Brandenburg and P. E. van Keken},
  title = {Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously
                  convecting mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  pages = {B06403},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004813}
}
@article{brandenburg08,
  author = {Brandenburg, J. P. and Hauri, E. H. and van Keken,
                  P. E. and Ballentine, C. J.},
  title = {A multiple-system study of the geochemical evolution
                  of the mantle with force-balanced plates and
                  thermochemical effects},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 276,
  pages = {1--13}
}
@article{brantut12,
  author = {Brantut, N. and Baud, P. and Heap, M. J. and
                  Meredith, P. G.},
  title = {Micromechanics of brittle creep in rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B8},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009299},
  year = 2012
}
@article{braun10,
  author = {Braun, J.},
  title = {The many surface expressions of mantle dynamics},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {825--833}
}
@article{braun13,
  title = {Eroding dynamic topography},
  author = {Braun, J and Robert, Xavier and Simon-Labric, T},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {1494--1499},
  year = 2013
}
@article{braun13a,
  author = {Braun, J. and Willett, S. D.},
  title = {{A very efficient O(n), implicit and parallel method
                  to solve the stream power equation governing fluvial
                  incision and landscape evolution}},
  journal = {Geomorph.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {170--179}
}
@article{braun13b,
  author = {Braun, J. and Robert, X.  and Simon-Labric, T.},
  title = {Eroding dynamic topography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 40,
  doi = {10.1002/grl.50310},
  pages = {1494--1499}
}
@article{braun89,
  title = {A physical explanation of the relation between flank
                  uplifts and the breakup unconformity at rifted
                  continental margins},
  author = {Braun, Jean and Beaumont, Christopher},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {760--764},
  year = 1989
}
@article{braun94,
  author = {Braun, J. and Sambridge, M.},
  title = {Dynamical Lagrangian Remeshing (DLR): {A} new
                  algorithm for solving large strain deformation
                  problems and its application to fault-propagation
                  folding},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {211--220}
}
@article{braun95,
  author = {Braun, J. and Sambridge, M.},
  title = {A numerical methode for solving partial differential
                  equations on highly irregular evolving grids},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 376,
  pages = {655--660}
}
@article{braun95b,
  author = {Braun, J. and Beaumont, C.},
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical experiments of strain
                  partitioning at oblique plate boundaries:
                  Implications for contrasting tectonic styles in the
                  southern {C}oast {R}anges, {C}alifornia, and central
                  {S}outh {I}sland, {New Zealand}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18059--18074}
}
@article{braun97,
  author = {Braun, O. M. and Dauxois, T. and Paliy, M. V. and
                  Peyrard, M.},
  title = {Nonlinear mobility of the generalized
                  {F}renkel-{K}ontorova model},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {3598--3612}
}
@article{braun99,
  author = {Braun, J. and Poliakov, A. and Mainprice, D. and
                  Vauchez, A. and Tomassi, A. and Daigni{\'{e}}res,
                  M.},
  title = {A simple parameterization of strain localization in
                  the ductile regime due to grain size reduction: {A}
                  case study for olivine},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {25167--25181}
}
@article{brechet94,
  author = {Brechet, Y. and Estrin, Y.},
  title = {The effect of strain rate sensitivity on dynamic
                  friction of metals},
  journal = {Scr. Metall. Mater.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {1449--1454}
}
@article{breen89,
  author = {Breen, N. A. and Silver, E. A.},
  title = {The {W}etar back arc thrust belt, eastern
                  {I}ndonesia: {T}he effect of accretion against an
                  irregularly shaped arc},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {85--8}
}
@article{brener18,
  title = {Unstable slip pulses and earthquake nucleation as a
                  nonequilibrium first-order phase transition},
  author = {Brener, Efim A and Aldam, Michael and Barras, Fabian
                  and Molinari, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois and Bouchbinder,
                  Eran},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = 121,
  pages = 234302,
  year = 2018
}
@article{brener21,
  title = {Unconventional singularities and energy balance in
                  frictional rupture},
  author = {Brener, Efim A and Bouchbinder, Eran},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = 2585,
  year = 2021
}
@article{brenner20,
  title = {{Paleomagnetic evidence for modern-like plate motion
                  velocities at 3.2 Ga}},
  author = {Brenner, Alec R and Fu, Roger R and Evans, David AD
                  and Smirnov, Aleksey V and Trubko, Raisa and Rose,
                  Ian R},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 6,
  number = 17,
  pages = {{eaaz8670}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{brenner22,
  author = {Brenner, A. R. and Fu, R. R. and Kylander-Clark,
                  A. R. C. and Foley, B. J.},
  title = {Plate motion and a dipolar geomagnetic field at 3.25
                  {Ga}},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {{e2210258119}}
}
@article{bresser01,
  author = {de Bresser, J. H. P. and ter Heege, J. H. and
                  Spiers, C. H.},
  title = {Grain size reduction by dynamic recrystallization:
                  can it result in major rheological weakening?},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {28--45}
}
@article{briaud20,
  title = {Topographic fingerprint of deep mantle subduction},
  author = {Briaud, Arthur and Agrusta, Roberto and Faccenna,
                  Claudio and Funiciello, Francesca and van Hunen,
                  Jeroen},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2019JB017962}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{bridges12,
  title = {{Magnetic stripes of a transitional continental rift
                  in Afar}},
  author = {Bridges, David L and Mickus, Kevin and Gao, Stephen
                  S and Abdelsalam, Mohamed G and Alemu, Abera},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {203--206},
  year = 2012
}
@book{briggs00,
  author = {Briggs, W. L. and Henson, V. E. and McCormick,
                  S. F.},
  title = {A multigrid tutorial},
  publisher = {SIAM},
  year = 2000,
  edition = 2
}
@article{brizzi20,
  title = {How sediment thickness influences subduction
                  dynamics and seismicity},
  author = {Brizzi, Silvia and van Zelst, Iris and Funiciello,
                  Francesca and Corbi, Fabio and van Dinther, Ylona},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2019JB018964}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{brodsky11,
  title = {Faults smooth gradually as a function of slip},
  author = {Brodsky, Emily E and Gilchrist, Jacquelyn J and
                  Sagy, Amir and Collettini, Cristiano},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 302,
  pages = {185--193},
  year = 2011
}
@article{brodsky14,
  author = {Brodsky, E. E. and Lay, T.},
  title = {Recognizing foreshocks from the 1 {A}pril 2014
                  {C}hile earthquake},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 344,
  year = 2014,
  pages = {700--702}
}
@article{brodsky14b,
  title = {The uses of dynamic earthquake triggering},
  author = {Brodsky, Emily E and van der Elst, Nicholas J},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {317--339},
  year = 2014
}
@article{brodsky20,
  title = {The state of stress on the fault before, during, and
                  after a major earthquake},
  author = {Emily E. Brodsky and James J. Mori and Louise
                  Anderson and Frederick M. Chester and Marianne Conin
                  and Eric M. Dunham and Nobu Eguchi and Patrick
                  M. Fulton and Ryota Hino and Takehiro Hirose and
                  Matt J. Ikari and Tsuyoshi Ishikawa and Tamara
                  Jeppson and Yasuyuki Kano and James Kirkpatrick and
                  Shuichi Kodaira and Weiren Lin and Yasuyuki Nakamura
                  and Hannah S. Rabinowitz and Christine Regalla and
                  Francesca Remitti and Christie Rowe and Demian
                  M. Saffer and Saneatsu Saito and James Sample and
                  Yoshinori Sanada and Heather M. Savage and
                  Tianhaozhe Sun and Sean Toczko and Kohtaro Ujiie and
                  Monica Wolfson-Schwehr and Tao Yang},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {49--74},
  year = 2020
}
@article{browaeys04,
  author = {Browaeys, J. and Chevrot, S.},
  title = {Decomposition of the elastic tensor and geophysical
                  applications},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {667--678}
}
@article{browaeys05,
  author = {Browaeys, J. T. and Becker, T. W. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Stochastic Description of Seismic Anisotropy in the
                  Lithosphere and Upper Mantle (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 86,
  number = 52,
  pages = {S43C-08}
}
@article{brown02,
  author = {Brown, E. T. and Bendick, R. and Bourles, D. L. and
                  Gaur, V. and Molnar, P. and Raisbeck, G. M. and and
                  Yiou, F.},
  title = {{Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India,
                  determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of
                  debris flows and moraines}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = {B92192},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000100}
}
@article{brown06,
  title = {Duality of thermal regimes is the distinctive
                  characteristic of plate tectonics since the
                  Neoarchean},
  author = {Brown, Michael},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {961--964},
  year = 2006
}
@article{brown08,
  title = {Characteristic thermal regimes of plate tectonics
                  and their metamorphic imprint throughout Earth
                  history: when did Earth first adopt a plate
                  tectonics mode of behavior?},
  author = {Brown, Michael},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Special Pap.},
  volume = 440,
  pages = {97--128},
  year = 2008
}
@article{brown10,
  title = {Paired metamorphic belts revisited},
  author = {Brown, Michael},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {46--59},
  year = 2010
}
@article{brown19,
  title = {Metamorphism and the evolution of subduction on
                  Earth},
  author = {Brown, Michael and Johnson, Tim},
  journal = {Amer. Mineral.},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {1065--1082},
  year = 2019
}
@article{brown20,
  title = {{Plate tectonics and the Archean Earth}},
  author = {Brown, Michael and Johnson, Tim and Gardiner,
                  Nicholas J},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {291--320},
  year = 2020
}
@article{brown21,
  title = {{ReversePetrogen: {A} multiphase dry reverse
                  fractional crystallization-mantle melting
                  thermobarometer applied to 13,589 mid-ocean ridge
                  basalt glasses}},
  author = {Brown Krein, S. and Molitor, Z.J. and Grove, T.L.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 8,
  pages = {{e2020JB021292}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{brown81,
  title = {Thermodynamic parameters in the {E}arth as
                  determined from seismic profiles},
  author = {Brown, JM and Shankland, TJ},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 66,
  pages = {579--596},
  year = 1981
}
@incollection{brown90,
  author = {Brown, R. D.},
  title = {Quaternary deformation},
  booktitle = {The San Andreas Fault System, California},
  pages = {83--113},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 1515,
  series = {U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.}
}
@article{brown98,
  author = {Brown, E. T. and Bourles, D. L. and Burchfiel,
                  B. C. and Qidong, D. and Jun, L. and Molnar, P. and
                  Raisbeck, G. M.  and Yiou, F.},
  title = {Estimation of slip rates in the southern {Tien Shan}
                  using cosmic ray exposure dates of abandoned
                  alluvial fans},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 110,
  pages = {377--386}
}
@article{brownlee17,
  author = {Brownlee, S. J. and Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Raju,
                  A. and Mahan, K. and Condit, C. and Orlandini,
                  O. F.},
  title = {Characteristics of deep crustal seismic anisotropy
                  from a compilation of rock elasticity tensors and
                  their expression in receiver functions},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {1835--1857},
  doi = {10.1002/2017TC004625}
}
@article{brudzinski07,
  title = {Global prevalence of double {B}enioff zones},
  author = {Brudzinski, Michael R and Thurber, Clifford H and
                  Hacker, Bradley R and Engdahl, E Robert},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 316,
  pages = {1472--1474},
  year = 2007
}
@article{bruhat16,
  title = {{Coupling on the northern Cascadia subduction zone
                  from geodetic measurements and physics-based
                  models}},
  author = {Bruhat, Lucile and Segall, Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {8297--8314},
  year = 2016
}
@article{brun08,
  title = {Exhumation of high-pressure rocks driven by slab
                  rollback},
  author = {Brun, Jean-Pierre and Faccenna, Claudio},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 272,
  pages = {1--7},
  year = 2008
}
@article{brun18,
  title = {Crustal versus mantle core complexes},
  author = {Brun, Jean-Pierre and Sokoutis, Dimitrios and Tirel,
                  C{\'e}line and Gueydan, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Van Den
                  Driessche, Jean and Beslier, Marie-Odile},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {22--45},
  year = 2018
}
@article{brun92,
  title = {{Deep crustal structure of the Rhine Graben from
                  DEKORP-ECORS seismic reflection data: a summary}},
  author = {Brun, J.P. and Gutscher, M.-A. and others},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 208,
  pages = {139--147},
  year = 1992
}
@article{brun99,
  title = {Narrow rifts versus wide rifts: inferences for the
                  mechanics of rifting from laboratory experiments},
  author = {Brun, J.-P.},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London A},
  volume = 357,
  pages = {695--712},
  year = 1999
}
@article{brune14,
  title = {Rift migration explains continental margin asymmetry
                  and crustal hyper-extension},
  author = {Brune, Sascha and Heine, Christian and
                  P{\'e}rez-Gussiny{\'e}, Marta1 and Sobolev, Stephan
                  V},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2014
}
@article{brune17,
  title = {{Rifted margin architecture and crustal rheology:
                  Reviewing Iberia-Newfoundland, Central South
                  Atlantic, and South China Sea}},
  author = {Brune, Sascha and Heine, Christian and Clift, Peter
                  D and P{\'e}rez-Gussiny{\'e}, Marta},
  journal = {Marine Petrol. Geol.},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {257--281},
  year = 2017
}
@article{brune22,
  title = {Geodynamics of continental rift initiation and
                  evolution},
  author = {Brune, Sascha and Kolawole, Folarin and Olive,
                  Jean-Arthur and Stamps, D Sarah and Buck, W Roger
                  and Buiter, Susanne JH},
  doi = {10.31223/X51M0X},
  journal = {EarthArXiv},
  year = 2022
}
@article{brune68,
  author = {Brune, J. N.},
  title = {Seismic moment seismicity and rate of slip along
                  major fault zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {777--784}
}
@article{brune69,
  title = {{Heat flow, stress, and rate of slip along the San
                  Andreas fault, California}},
  author = {Brune, James N and Henyey, Thomas L and Roy, Robert
                  F},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 74,
  pages = {3821--3827},
  year = 1969
}
@article{brune70,
  title = {Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear
                  waves from earthquakes},
  author = {Brune, James N},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 75,
  pages = {4997--5009},
  year = 1970
}
@article{brunei98,
  title = {Large-scale tectonic features induced by mantle
                  avalanches with phase, temperature, and pressure
                  lateral variations of viscosity},
  author = {Brunei, David and Machetel, Philippe},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 103,
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4929--4945},
  year = 1998
}
@article{bruner,
  author = {Bruner, W.M.},
  title = {Comment on `{S}eismic Velocities in Dry and
                  Saturated Cracked Solids' by {R}ichard
                  {J}. {O}'{C}onnell and {B}ernard {B}udiansky},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {2573--2576},
  month = {Mai}
}
@article{brunet00,
  author = {Brunet, C. and Moni{\'{e}}, P. and Jolivet, L. and
                  Cadet, J. P.},
  title = {Migration of compression and extension in the
                  {T}yrrhenian {S}ea, insights from 40{Ar/39Ar} ages
                  on micas along a transect from {C}orsica to
                  {T}uscany},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 321,
  pages = {127--155}
}
@article{brunhes06,
  author = {Brunhes, B.},
  title = {Recherches sur la direction d'aimantation des roches
                  volcaniques},
  journal = {J. Phys. Theor. Appl.},
  year = 1906,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {705--724}
}
@article{brunton16,
  title = {Discovering governing equations from data by sparse
                  identification of nonlinear dynamical systems},
  author = {Brunton, Steven L and Proctor, Joshua L and Kutz, J
                  Nathan},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {3932--3937},
  year = 2016
}
@article{brush80,
  author = {Brush, S. G.},
  title = {{Discovery of the Earth's core}},
  journal = {Amer. J. Phys.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {705--723}
}
@article{bry07,
  title = {Reappraising elastic thickness variation at oceanic
                  trenches},
  author = {Bry, Madeleine and White, Nicky},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 112,
  number = {B08414},
  year = 2007,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004190}
}
@article{bryan08,
  author = {Bryan, S. C. and Ernst, R. E.},
  title = {{Revised definiton of Large Igneous Provinces
                  (LIPs)}},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = {175--202}
}
@article{bryant06,
  author = {Bryant, J. A. and G. M. Yogodzinski and M. L. Hall
                  and J. L. Lewicki and D. G. Bailey},
  title = {Geochemical constraints on the origin of volcanic
                  rocks from the {A}ndean {N}orthern {V}olcanic
                  {Z}one, {E}cuador},
  journal = {J.  Petrol.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {1147--1175}
}
@proceedings{bssalanders,
  title = {The 1992, {L}anders, {C}alifornia, Earthquake
                  Sequence},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {Langston, C. A.},
  volume = 84,
  series = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  organization = {Seismological Society of {A}merica},
  address = {El {C}errito, {K}alifornien},
  month = {June}
}
@article{buck03,
  author = {Buck, W. R. and Lavier, L. L. and Babeyko A.},
  title = {A Numerical Model of Lithospheric Extension
                  Producing Fault-Bounded {B}asins and {R}anges},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {712--723}
}
@incollection{buck04,
  title = {Consequences of asthenospheric variability on
                  continental rifting},
  author = {Buck, W Roger},
  booktitle = {Rheology and deformation of the lithosphere at
                  continental margins},
  pages = {1--30},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = 2004
}
@article{buck05,
  title = {Modes of faulting at mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Buck, W Roger and Lavier, Luc L and Poliakov, Alexei
                  NB},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 434,
  pages = {719--723},
  year = 2005
}
@article{buck17,
  title = {The role of magmatic loads and rift jumps in
                  generating seaward dipping reflectors on volcanic
                  rifted margins},
  author = {Buck, W Roger},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 466,
  pages = {62--69},
  year = 2017
}
@article{buck1998,
  author = {Buck, W. R. and Poliakov, A.},
  title = {Abyssal hills formed by stretching oceanic
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 392,
  pages = {272--275},
  year = 1998
}
@article{buck2003,
  author = {Buck, W. R. and Lavier, L.L. and Babeyko, A.},
  title = {A Numerical Model of Lithospheric Extension
                  Producing Fault-Bounded {B}asins and {R}anges},
  journal = {International Geology Review},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {712--723},
  year = 2003
}
@incollection{buck2004,
  title = {Consequences of asthenospheric variability on
                  continental rifting},
  author = {Buck, W Roger},
  booktitle = {Rheology and deformation of the lithosphere at
                  continental margins},
  editor = {Karner, G. and Taylor, B. and Driscoll, N. and
                  Kohlstedt, D.},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  pages = {1--30},
  year = 2004
}
@article{buck2005,
  author = {Buck, W. R. and Lavier, L L and Poliakov, A.},
  title = {Modes of faulting at Mid-Ocean ridges},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 434,
  pages = {719--723},
  year = 2005
}
@article{buck91,
  title = {Modes of continental lithospheric extension},
  author = {Buck, W Roger},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 96,
  number = {B12},
  pages = {20161--20178},
  year = 1991
}
@article{buck93,
  title = {Effect of lithospheric thickness on the formation of
                  high-and low-angle normal faults},
  author = {Buck, W Roger},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {933--936},
  year = 1993
}
@article{budiansky65,
  author = {Budiansky, B.},
  title = {On the elastic moduli of some heterogeneous
                  materials},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {223--227}
}
@article{budiansky73,
  author = {Budiansky, R. and Carrier, G. F.},
  title = {The pointless wedge},
  journal = {SIAM J. Appl. Mech.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {378--387}
}
@article{budiansky76,
  title = {Elastic moduli of a cracked solid},
  author = {Budiansky, Bernard and O'Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Int. J. Solids Struct.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {81--97},
  year = 1976
}
@article{budiansky78,
  author = {Budiansky, R. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Measures of dissipation in viscoelastic media},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {5--7}
}
@article{budyko69,
  author = {Budyko, M. I.},
  title = {The effect of solar radiation variations on the
                  climate of the {E}arth},
  journal = {Tellus},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {611--619}
}
@article{buehler10,
  author = {Buehler, J. S. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {{$Pn$ tomography of the western United States using
                  US Array}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B09315},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006874}
}
@article{buehler14,
  title = {{Anisotropy and Vp/Vs in the uppermost mantle
                  beneath the western United States from joint
                  analysis of Pn and Sn phases}},
  author = {Buehler, J. S. and Shearer, P.M.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1200--1219},
  year = 2014,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{buehlershearer12,
  author = {Buehler, Janine S. and Shearer, Peter M.},
  title = {{Localized imaging of the uppermost mantle with
                  USArray Pn data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2012}},
  volume = {{117}},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009433},
  article-number = {{B09305}}
}
@article{buehlershearer17,
  author = {Buehler, Janine S. and Shearer, Peter M.},
  title = {{Uppermost mantle seismic velocity structure beneath
                  USArray}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2017}},
  volume = {{122}},
  pages = {{436--448}},
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013265}
}
@article{bufe93,
  author = {Bufe, C. G. and D. J. Varnes },
  title = {Predictive modeling of the seismic cycle of the
                  greater {San Francisco Bay} region},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {9871--9883}
}
@article{buffett00,
  author = {Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {{E}arth's core and the geodynamo},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 288,
  pages = {2007--2012}
}
@article{buffett02,
  title = {Estimates of heat flow in the deep mantle based on
                  the power requirements for the geodynamo},
  author = {Buffett, Bruce A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 29,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL014649},
  year = 2002,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{buffett03,
  author = {Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {Thermal state of {E}arth's core},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 299,
  pages = {1675--1677}
}
@article{buffett06,
  author = {Buffett, B. A. and Rowley, D. B.},
  title = {{Plate bending at subduction zones: Consequences for
                  the direction of plate motions}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 245,
  pages = {359--364}
}
@article{buffett06b,
  author = {Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {Plate force due to bending at subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004295}
}
@article{buffett09,
  author = {Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {Onset and orientation of convection in the inner
                  core},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {711--719}
}
@article{buffett12,
  author = {Buffett, B. A. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Bending stress and dissipation in subducted
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B05413},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009205}
}
@article{buffett94,
  author = {Buffett, B. A. and Gable, C. W. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Linear Stability of a Layered Fluid with Mobile
                  Surface Plates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {1985--1990}
}
@article{bui08,
  title = {Model reduction for large-scale systems with
                  high-dimensional parametric input space},
  author = {T. Bui-Thanh and K. Willcox and O. Ghattas},
  journal = {SIAM J. Sci. Comp.},
  volume = 30,
  pages = {3270--3288},
  year = 2008
}
@article{bui2004aerodynamic,
  title = {Aerodynamic data reconstruction and inverse design
                  using proper orthogonal decomposition},
  author = {Bui-Thanh, Tan and Damodaran, Murali and Willcox,
                  Karen},
  journal = {AIAA J.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1505--1516},
  year = 2004
}
@article{buiter02,
  author = {Buiter, S. J. H. and Govers, R. and Wortel,
                  M. J. R.},
  title = {Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation
                  caused by slab detachment},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 354,
  pages = {195--210}
}
@inproceedings{buiter05,
  author = {Buiter, S. J. H. and Babeyko, A. Y. and Ellis,
                  S. and Gerya, T. V. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Kellner,
                  A. and Schreurs, G. and Yamada, Y.},
  title = {The numerical sandbox: Comparison of model results
                  for a shortening and an extension experiment},
  booktitle = {Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale
                  Processes},
  pages = {29--64},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Buiter, S. J. H. and Schreurs, G.},
  volume = 253,
  series = {Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub.},
  address = {London}
}
@article{buiter14,
  title = {{A review of Wilson Cycle plate margins: A role for
                  mantle plumes in continental break-up along
                  sutures?}},
  author = {Buiter, Susanne JH and Torsvik, Trond H},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {627--653},
  year = 2014
}
@article{buiter16,
  title = {Benchmarking numerical models of brittle thrust
                  wedges},
  author = {Buiter, Susanne JH and Schreurs, Guido and Albertz,
                  Markus and Gerya, Taras V and Kaus, Boris and
                  Landry, Walter and Le Pourhiet, Laetitia and Mishin,
                  Yury and Egholm, David L and Cooke, Michele and
                  Maillot, B. and Thieulot, C. and Crook, T. and May,
                  D. and Souloumiac, P. and Beaumont, C.},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {140--177},
  year = 2016
}
@article{bull10,
  author = {Bull, A. L. and McNamara, A. K. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Ritsema, J.},
  title = {Global scale models of the mantle flow field
                  predicted by synthetic tomography models},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 182,
  pages = {129--138}
}
@article{bull14,
  title = {The effect of plate motion history on the longevity
                  of deep mantle heterogeneities},
  author = {Bull, Abigail L and Domeier, Mathew and Torsvik,
                  Trond H},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 401,
  pages = {172--182},
  year = 2014
}
@article{bull29,
  title = {Further aspects of the mountain building problem},
  author = {Bull, AJ},
  journal = {Proc. Geol. Assoc.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {105--114, IN1--IN6},
  year = 1929
}
@article{bullard50,
  author = {Bullard, E. C. and Freedman, C. and Gellman, H. and
                  Nixon, J.},
  title = {The westward drift of the {E}earth's magnetic field},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond.},
  year = 1950,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {67--92}
}
@article{bullard65,
  title = {The fit of the continents around the {A}tlantic},
  author = {Bullard, Edward and Everett, James E and Gilbert
                  Smith, A},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Ser. A,
                  Math. Phys. Sci.},
  volume = 258,
  pages = {41--51},
  year = 1965
}
@book{bullen47,
  editor = {Bullen, K. E.},
  title = {Introduction to the theory of seismology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1947,
  address = {London}
}
@article{bunge00,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Mesozoic plate-motion history below the northeast
                  {P}acific {O}cean from seismic images of the
                  subducted {F}arallon slab},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 405,
  pages = {337--340}
}
@article{bunge01,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Davies, J. H.},
  title = {Tomographic images of a mantle circulation model},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {77--80}
}
@article{bunge01a,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Davies, J. H.},
  title = {Seismically ``fast'' geodynamic models},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {73--76}
}
@article{bunge01b,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Hagelberg, C. and Travis, B.},
  title = {Mantle circulation models with variational data
                  assimilation: Inferring past mantle flow and
                  structure from plate motion histories and seismic
                  tomography (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {NG51C-07}
}
@article{bunge01c,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Stixrude, L. and Tromp, J. and
                  Hollerbach, R.},
  title = {Virtual {E}arth Laboratories},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  note = {Special session at AGU Fall Meeting}
}
@article{bunge03,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Hagelberg, C. R. and Travis, B. J.},
  title = {Mantle circulation models with variational data
                  assimilation: inferring past mantle flow and
                  structure from plate motion histories and seismic
                  tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {280-301}
}
@article{bunge03b,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Supercomputing moves to universities and makes
                  possible new ways to organize computational
                  research},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 84,
  number = 4,
  pages = {30--33}
}
@article{bunge05,
  title = {Low plume excess temperature and high core heat flux
                  inferred from non-adiabatic geotherms in internally
                  heated mantle circulation models},
  author = {Bunge, Hans-Peter},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 153,
  pages = {3--10},
  year = 2005
}
@article{bunge96,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Richards, M. A. and Baumgardner,
                  J. R.},
  title = {Effect of depth-dependent viscosity on the planform
                  of mantle convection},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 379,
  pages = {436--438}
}
@article{bunge96b,
  title = {The origin of large scale structure in mantle
                  convection: effects of plate motions and viscosity
                  stratification},
  author = {Bunge, Hans-Peter and Richards, Mark A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {2987--2990},
  year = 1996
}
@article{bunge97,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Richards, M. A. and Baumgardner,
                  J. R.},
  title = {A sensitivity study of {3-D} spherical mantle
                  convection at 10$^8$ {R}ayleigh number: {E}ffects of
                  depth dependent viscosity, heating mode and an
                  endothermic phase change},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {11991--12007}
}
@article{bunge98,
  author = {Bunge, H.-P. and Richards, M. A. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Baumgardner, J. R. and
                  Grand, S. P. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Time Scales and Heterogeneous Structure in
                  Geodynamic Earth Models},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 280,
  pages = {91--95}
}
@article{buontempo08,
  title = {Seismic anisotropy beneath southern {I}beria from
                  {SKS} splitting},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 273,
  pages = {237--250},
  year = 2008,
  author = {L. Buontempo and G. H. R. Bokelmann and G. Barruol
                  and J. Morales}
}
@article{burchell06,
  title = {W (h) ither the Drake equation?},
  author = {Burchell, Mark J},
  journal = {Int. J.  Astrobio.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {243--250},
  year = 2006
}
@article{burchfiel92,
  author = {Burchfiel, Burrell C and Zhiliang, Chen and Hodges,
                  Kip V and Yuping, Liu and Royden, Leigh H and
                  Changrong, Deng and Jiene, Xu},
  title = {{The South Tibetan detachment system, Himalayan
                  orogen: Extension contemporaneous with and parallel
                  to shortening in a collisional mountain belt}},
  journal = {GSA Spec. Papers},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 269,
  pages = {1--41}
}
@incollection{burchfield75,
  title = {Kelvin and the Physics of Time},
  author = {Burchfield, Joe D},
  booktitle = {Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth},
  pages = {21--56},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = 1975
}
@article{burchfieldavis75,
  author = {Burchfiel, BC and Davis, GA},
  title = {{Nature and controls of Cordilleran orogenesis,
                  western United-States - extensions of an earlier
                  synthesis}},
  journal = {{Am. J. Sci.}},
  year = {{1975}},
  volume = {{A275}},
  pages = {{363--396}}
}
@article{burdick08,
  author = {Burdick, S. and Li, C. and Martynov, V.  and Cox,
                  T. and Eakins, J. and Mulder, T. and Astiz, L. and
                  Vernon, F. L. and Pavlis, G. L. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {{Upper mantle heterogeneity beneath North America
                  from travel time tomography with global and USArray
                  Transportable Array data}},
  journal = {Seis. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {384--392},
  year = 2008
}
@article{burdick10,
  author = {Burdick, S. and van der Hilst, R. D. and Vernon,
                  F. L. and Martynov, V. and Cox, T. and Eakins,
                  J. and Astiz, L. and Pavlis, G. L.},
  title = {{Model Update January 2010: Upper mantle
                  heterogeneity beneath North America from travel time
                  tomography with global and USArray Transportable
                  Array data}},
  journal = {Seism. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {689--693}
}
@article{burg1999,
  author = {Burg, J. P. and Podladchikov, Y.},
  title = {Lithospheric scale folding: numerical modeling and
                  application to the Himalayan syntaxes},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 88,
  number = 2,
  pages = {190-200},
  year = 1999
}
@incollection{burg2004,
  author = {Burg, J. P. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Podladchikov, Y.},
  title = {Dome structures in collision orogens. Mechanical
                  investigation of the gravity/compression interplay.},
  booktitle = {Gneiss domes in orogeny},
  editor = {Whitney, D.L. and Teyssier, C. and Siddoway, C.S.},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  address = {Boulder},
  volume = 380,
  pages = {47-66},
  year = 2004
}
@article{burg84,
  title = {{Tectonics and structural zonation of southern
                  Tibet, China}},
  author = {Burg, JP and Chen, GM},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 311,
  pages = {219--223},
  year = 1984
}
@article{burgette09,
  title = {{Interseismic uplift rates for western Oregon and
                  along-strike variation in locking on the Cascadia
                  subduction zone}},
  author = {Burgette, Reed J and Weldon, Ray J and Schmidt,
                  David A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B1},
  year = 2009
}
@article{burgmann00,
  author = {B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and P. A. Rosen and
                  E. J. Fielding},
  title = {Synthetic aperature radar interferometry to measure
                  {E}arth's surface topography and its deformation},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {169--209}
}
@article{burgmann05,
  title = {Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution
                  along the {K}amchatka subduction zone},
  author = {B{\"u}rgmann, Roland and Kogan, Mikhail G and
                  Steblov, Grigory M and Hilley, George and Levin,
                  Vasily E and Apel, Edwin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 110,
  number = {B07405},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003648},
  year = 2005
}
@article{burgmann06,
  author = {B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Hilley, G. and Ferretti,
                  A. and Novali, F.},
  title = {{Resolving vertical tectonics in the San Francisco
                  Bay Area from permanent scatterer InSAR and GPS
                  analysis}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {221--224}
}
@article{burgmann08,
  author = {B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Dresen, G.},
  title = {Rheology of the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle:
                  Evidence from Rock Mechanics, Geodesy, and Field
                  Observations},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {531--567}
}
@article{burgmann18,
  author = {B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {The geophysics, geology, and mechanics of slow fault
                  slip},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 495,
  pages = {112--134}
}
@article{burgmann94,
  title = {Slip distributions on faults: effects of stress
                  gradients, inelastic deformation, heterogeneous
                  host-rock stiffness, and fault interaction},
  author = {B{\"u}rgmann, Roland and Pollard, David D and
                  Martel, Stephen J},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1675--1690},
  year = 1994
}
@article{burgos14,
  author = {Burgos, G. and Montagner, J.-P. and Beucler, E. and
                  Capdeville, Y. and Mocquet, A. and Drilleau, M.},
  title = {Oceanic lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary from
                  surface wave dispersion data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1079--1093},
  doi = {10.1002/2013JB010528}
}
@article{burke08,
  author = {Burke, K. and Steinberger, B. and Torsvik, T. H. and
                  Smethurst, M. A.},
  title = {Plume generation zones at the margins of large low
                  shear velocity provinces on the core-mantle
                  boundary},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 265,
  pages = {49--60}
}
@article{burke73,
  title = {Plume-generated triple junctions: key indicators in
                  applying plate tectonics to old rocks},
  author = {Burke, Kevin and Dewey, John Frederick},
  journal = {J. Geol.},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {406--433},
  year = 1973
}
@article{burke77,
  author = {Burke, K. and Dewey, J. F. and Kidd, W. S. F.},
  title = {World distribution of sutures -- the sites of former
                  oceans},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {69--99}
}
@article{burke78,
  title = {{Were Archean continental geothermal gradients much
                  steeper than those of today?}},
  author = {Burke, Kevin and Kidd, WSF},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 272,
  pages = {240--241},
  year = 1978
}
@article{burke96,
  title = {The {A}frican plate},
  author = {Burke, Kevin},
  journal = {South African J. Geol.},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {341--409},
  year = 1996
}
@article{burkett09,
  author = {Burkett, E.R. and Billen, M.I.},
  title = {Dynamics and implications of slab detachment due to
                  ridge-trench collision},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B12402},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006402}
}
@article{burkett10,
  author = {Burkett, E. and Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Three-Dimensionality of Slab Detachment Due to
                  Ridge-Trench Collision: Laterally Simultaneous
                  Boudinage Versus Tear Propagation},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q11012},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003286}
}
@article{burkett13,
  author = {Burkett, E. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Stalled slab dynamics},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {92--97}
}
@incollection{burkhard1998,
  author = {Burkhard, M. and Sommaruga, A.},
  title = {Evolution of the western Swiss Molasse basin:
                  structural relations with the Alps and the Jura
                  belt},
  booktitle = {Foreland Basins of the Western Alpine Thrust Belts},
  editor = {Mascle, A.},
  publisher = {Geological Society Special Publication},
  address = {London},
  pages = {279-298},
  year = 1998
}
@article{burov01,
  title = {A thermomechanical model of exhumation of high
                  pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP)
                  metamorphic rocks in Alpine-type collision belts},
  author = {Burov, E B and Jolivet, L and Le Pourhiet, L and
                  Poliakov, A},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 342,
  pages = {113--136},
  year = 2001
}
@article{burov03,
  author = {Burov, E. B.},
  title = {The upper crust is softer than dry quartzite},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {321--326}
}
@article{burov05,
  author = {Burov, E. B. and Guillou-Frottier, L.},
  title = {The plume-head continental lithosphere interaction
                  using a tectonically realistic formulation for the
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 58,
  pages = {469--490}
}
@article{burov06,
  author = {Burov, E. B. and Watts, A. B.},
  title = {The long-term strength of continental lithosphere:
                  ``jelly sandwich'' or ``cr\`eme br\^ul\'ee''},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {4--10}
}
@article{burov08,
  author = {Burov, E. B. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {{Small and large-amplitude gravitational instability
                  of an elastically compressible viscoelastic Maxwell
                  solid overlying an inviscid incompressible fluid:
                  dependence of growth rates on wave number and
                  elastic constants at low Deborah numbers}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {370--381}
}
@article{burov09,
  title = {Controls of mantle plumes and lithospheric folding
                  on modes of intraplate continental tectonics:
                  differences and similarities},
  author = {Burov, Evgueni B. and Cloetingh, Sierd},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 178,
  pages = {1691--1722},
  year = 2009
}
@article{burov10,
  title = {Plume-like upper mantle instabilities drive
                  subduction initiation},
  author = {Burov, Evgueni B. and Cloetingh, Sierd},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 37,
  number = {L03309},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL041535},
  year = 2010
}
@article{burov11,
  title = {Rheology and strength of the lithosphere},
  author = {Burov, Evgene B},
  journal = {Marine Petrol. Geol.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {1402--1443},
  year = 2011
}
@article{burov14,
  author = {Burov, E. and Gerya, T.},
  title = {Asymmetric three-dimensional topography over mantle
                  plumes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 513,
  pages = {85--89}
}
@article{burov14b,
  author = {E. Burov and T. Francois and P. Agard and L. {Le
                  Pourhiet} and B. Meyer and C. Tirel and S. Lebedev
                  and P. Yamato and J.-P. Brun},
  title = {Rheological and geodynamic controls on the
                  mechanisms of subduction and {HP/UHP} exhumation of
                  crustal rocks during continental collision: Insights
                  from numerical models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 631,
  pages = {212--250},
  year = 2014
}
@article{burov1997,
  author = {Burov, E. and Cloetingh, S.},
  title = {Erosion and rift dynamics: new thermomechanical
                  aspects of post-rift evolution of extensional
                  basins},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 150,
  pages = {7--26},
  year = 1997
}
@article{burov95,
  author = {Burov, E. B. and Diament, M.},
  title = {The effective elastic thickness {($T_e$)} of
                  continental lithosphere: {W}hat does it really
                  mean?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {3905--3927}
}
@article{burov99,
  author = {Burov, E. B. and Podladchikov, Y. Y. and Grandjean,
                  G. and Burg, J. P.},
  title = {Thermo-mechanical approach to validation of deep
                  crustal and lithospheric structures inferred from
                  multidisciplinary data: application to the {W}estern
                  and {N}orthern {A}lps},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {124--131}
}
@article{burridge64,
  author = {Burridge, R. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {Body Force Equivalents for Seismic Dislocations},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1964,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {1875--1888}
}
@article{burridge67,
  author = {Burridge, R. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {Model and Theoretical Seismicity},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 57,
  pages = {341--371}
}
@article{burridge71,
  author = {Burridge, R. and Halliday, G.S.},
  title = {Dynamic shear cracks with friction as models for
                  shallow focus earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {261--283}
}
@article{burrus84,
  author = {Burrus, J.},
  title = {Contribution to a geodynamic synthesis of the
                  {P}roven{\c {c}}al basin (north-western
                  {M}editerranean)},
  journal = {Mar. Geol.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {247--269}
}
@article{burstedde09,
  author = {C. Burstedde and O. Ghattas and G. Stadler and T. Tu
                  and L. C. Wilcox},
  title = {Parallel scalable adjoint-based adaptive solution
                  for variable-viscosity {S}tokes flows},
  journal = {Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 198,
  pages = {1691--1700}
}
@article{burstedde11,
  author = {C. Burstedde and L. C. Wilcox and O. Ghattas},
  title = {{\em{p4est}}: Scalable Algorithms for Parallel
                  Adaptive Mesh Refinement on Forests of Octrees},
  journal = {SIAM J. Scient. Comp.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {1103--1133},
  note = {Available online at \url{p4rest.org}, accessed
                  02/2020}
}
@article{burstedde13,
  title = {Large-scale adaptive mantle convection simulation},
  author = {Burstedde, Carsten and Stadler, Georg and Alisic,
                  Laura and Wilcox, Lucas C. and Tan, Eh and Gurnis,
                  Michael and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  pages = {889--906},
  volume = 192
}
@article{bury23,
  author = {Bury, T. M. and Dylewsky, D. and Bauch, C. T. and
                  Anand, M. and Glass, L. and Shrier, A. and Bub, G.},
  title = {Predicting discrete-time bifurcations with deep
                  learning},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 14,
  pages = 6331
}
@article{busse06,
  author = {F. H. Busse and M. A. Richards and A. Lenardic},
  title = {{A simple model of high Prandtl and high Rayleigh
                  number convection bounded by thin low-viscosity
                  layers}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {160--167}
}
@article{busse75,
  title = {A model of the geodynamo},
  author = {Busse, Friedrich H},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {437--459},
  year = 1975
}
@article{busse75b,
  title = {Patterns of convection in spherical shells},
  author = {Busse, Friedrich H},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 72,
  pages = {67--85},
  year = 1975
}
@article{buttles98,
  author = {Buttles, J. and Olson, P.},
  title = {A laboratory model of subduction zone anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {245--262}
}
@article{byerlee78,
  author = {Byerlee, J.D.},
  title = {Friction of rock},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 116,
  pages = {615--626}
}
@article{byerlee90,
  title = {Friction, overpressure and fault normal compression},
  author = {Byerlee, J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {2109--2112},
  year = 1990
}
@article{bystricky00,
  author = {Bystricky, M. and Kunze, K. and Burlini, L. and
                  Burg, J.-P.},
  title = {High shear strain of olivine aggregrates:
                  rheological and seismic consequences},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 290,
  pages = {1564--1567}
}
@incollection{cactus,
  author = {Allen, G. and Benger, R. and Dramlitsch, R. and
                  Goodale, T. and Hege, H.-C. and Lanfermann, G. and
                  Merzky, A. and Radke, T. and Seidel, E.},
  title = {Cactus Grid Computing: Review of Current
                  Development},
  booktitle = {Euro-Par 2001: Parallel Processing, Proceedings of
                  7th International Euro-Par Conference Manchester},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = 2001,
  editor = {Sakellariou, R. and Keane, J. and Gurd, J. and
                  Freeman, L.},
  address = {New York}
}
@inproceedings{cadek00,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Effect of lateral viscosity variations in the top
                  300 km of the mantle on the geoid, dynamic
                  topography and lithospheric stresses},
  booktitle = {European Geophysical Society, 25th general assembly},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 2,
  series = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society}
}
@article{cadek03,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Effect of lateral viscosity variations in the top
                  300 km of the mantle on the geoid and dynamic
                  topography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {566--580}
}
@inproceedings{cadek05,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O.},
  title = {Constraints on global mantle-flow models from
                  geophysical data (abstract)},
  booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Numerical Modeling of
                  Mantle Convection and Lithospheric Dynamics},
  pages = {15--16},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {Boschi, E.},
  volume = 25,
  series = {International School of Geophysics},
  address = {Erice, Sicily},
  organization = {Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for
                  Scienftific Culture}
}
@article{cadek92,
  title = {{Toroidal/poloidal energy partitioning and global
                  lithospheric rotation during Cenozoic time}},
  author = {{\v{C}}adek, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Ricard, Yanick},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 109,
  pages = {621--632},
  year = 1992
}
@article{cadek93,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O. and Ricard, Y. and Martinec, Z. and
                  Matyska, C.},
  title = {Comparison between {N}ewtonian and non-{N}ewtonian
                  flow driven by internal loads},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 112,
  pages = {103--114}
}
@article{cadek95,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O. and Kyvalova, H. and D. A. Yuen},
  title = {Geodynamical implications from the correlation of
                  surface geology and seismic tomographic structure},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 136,
  pages = {615--627}
}
@article{cadek97,
  author = {{\v {C}}adek, O. and H. {\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a
                  and D. A. Yuen},
  title = {Can long-wavelength dynamical signatures be
                  compatible with layered mantle convection?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {2091--2094}
}
@article{cagnard06,
  title = {Modes of thickening of analogue weak lithospheres},
  author = {Cagnard, Florence and Brun, Jean-Pierre and Gapais,
                  Denis},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 421,
  pages = {145--160},
  year = 2006
}
@article{cagnard06b,
  title = {Crustal thickening and lateral flow during
                  compression of hot lithospheres, with particular
                  reference to {P}recambrian times},
  author = {Cagnard, Florence and Durrieu, Nicolas and Gapais,
                  Denis and Brun, Jean-Pierre and Ehlers, Carl},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {72--78},
  year = 2006
}
@article{cai11,
  author = {Cai, F. and Ding, L. and Yue, Y.},
  title = {{Provenance analysis of upper Cretaceous strata in
                  the Tethys Himalaya, southern Tibet: Implications
                  for timing of India-Asia collision}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 305,
  pages = {195--206}
}
@article{cai14,
  title = {Two-phase viscoelastic damage theory, with
                  applications to subsurface fluid injection},
  author = {Cai, Zhengyu and Bercovici, David},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 199,
  pages = {1481--1496},
  year = 2014
}
@article{cai16,
  title = {Two-dimensional magmons with damage and the
                  transition to magma-fracturing},
  author = {Cai, Zhengyu and Bercovici, David},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 256,
  pages = {13--25},
  year = 2016
}
@article{calais03,
  title = {{Evidence for a post-3.16-Ma change in
                  Nubia--Eurasia--North America plate motions?}},
  author = {Calais, E and DeMets, C and Nocquet, J-M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 216,
  pages = {81--92},
  year = 2003
}
@article{calais06,
  author = {Calais, E. and Dong, L. and Wang, M. and Shen,
                  Z. and Vergnolle, M.},
  title = {{Continental deformation in Asia from a combined GPS
                  solution}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  number = {L24319},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL028433}
}
@article{calais06b,
  author = {Calais, E. and Han, J. Y. and DeMets, C. and
                  Nocquet, J. M.},
  title = {{Deformation of the North American plate interior
                  from a decade of continuous GPS measurements}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004253},
  year = 2006,
  number = {B06402}
}
@article{calcagno94,
  author = {P. Calcagno and A. Cazenave},
  title = {Subsidence of the seafloor in the {A}tlantic and
                  {P}acific Ocean: {R}regional and large-scale
                  variations},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {473--492}
}
@article{caldwell76,
  title = {On the applicability of a universal elastic trench
                  profile},
  author = {Caldwell, JG and Haxby, WF and Karig, D Eo and
                  Turcotte, DL},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {239--246},
  year = 1976
}
@article{caldwell79,
  title = {Dependence of the thickness of the elastic oceanic
                  lithosphere on age},
  author = {Caldwell, JG and Turcotte, DL},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {7572--7576},
  year = 1979
}
@article{calixto14,
  author = {F. J. Calixto and D. Robinson and E. Sandvol and
                  S. Kay and D. Abt and K. Fischer and B. Heit and
                  X. Yuan and D. Comte and P. Alvarado},
  title = {Shear wave splitting and shear wave splitting
                  tomography of the southern {P}una plateau},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {688--699}
}
@book{calpin96,
  author = {Calpin, J. P.},
  title = {Paleoseismology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1996,
  address = {London}
}
@article{calvache97,
  author = {Calvache, M. L. and S. N. Williams},
  title = {{Geochemistry and petrology of the Galeras Volcanic
                  Complex, Colombia}},
  journal = {J. Volcanol. Geothermal Res.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {21--38}
}
@article{calvet06,
  author = {Calvet, M. and Chevrot, S. and Souriau, A.},
  title = {P-wave propagation in transversely isotropic
                  media. {II. A}pplication to inner core anisotropy:
                  {E}ffects of data averaging, parameterization and a
                  priori information},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {21--40}
}
@conference{cameron76,
  author = {Cameron, A. G. W. and Ward, W. R.},
  title = {The origin of the {M}oon},
  booktitle = {7th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference},
  year = 1976,
  pages = {120--122}
}
@article{cammarano03,
  author = {Cammarano, F. and Goes, S. and Vacher, P. and
                  Giardini, D.},
  title = {Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic
                  velocities},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {197--222}
}
@article{cammarano05,
  author = {Cammarano, F. and Deuss, A. and Goes, S. and
                  Giardini, D.},
  title = {One-dimensional physical reference models for the
                  upper mantle and transition zone: combining seismic
                  and mineral physics constraints},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003272}
}
@article{cammarano05b,
  title = {Is a pyrolitic adiabatic mantle compatible with
                  seismic data?},
  author = {Cammarano, Fabio and Goes, Saskia and Deuss, Arwen
                  and Giardini, Domenico},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 232,
  pages = {227--243},
  year = 2005
}
@article{cammarano11,
  author = {Cammarano, F. and P. Tackley and L. Boschi},
  title = {Seismic, petrological and geodynamical constraints
                  on thermal and compositional structure of the upper
                  mantle: global thermo-chemical models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 187,
  pages = {1301--1318}
}
@article{campbell90,
  title = {Implications of mantle plume structure for the
                  evolution of flood basalts},
  author = {Campbell, Ian H and Griffiths, Ross W},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {79--93},
  year = 1990
}
@article{campillo96,
  author = {Campillo, M. and Ionescu, I. R. and Paumier,
                  J. C. and Renard, Y.},
  title = {On the dynamic sliding with friction of a rigid
                  block and of an infinite elastic slab},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {15--23}
}
@article{cande10,
  author = {Cande, S. C. and Patriat, P. and Dyment, J.},
  title = {{Motion between the Indian, Antarctic and African
                  plates in the early Cenozoic}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {127--149}
}
@article{cande11,
  author = {Cande, S. C. and Stegman, D. R.},
  title = {{Indian and African plate motions driven by the push
                  force of the R{\'{e}}union plume head}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 475,
  pages = {47--52}
}
@article{cande95,
  author = {Cande, S. C. and Kent, D. V. },
  title = {{Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity
                  timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {6083--6095}
}
@article{candela12,
  title = {Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of
                  length scales},
  author = {Candela, Thibault and Renard, Fran{\c{c}}ois and
                  Klinger, Yann and Mair, Karen and Schmittbuhl, Jean
                  and Brodsky, Emily E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B08409},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009041},
  year = 2012
}
@article{canil04,
  title = {Mildly incompatible elements in peridotites and the
                  origins of mantle lithosphere},
  author = {Canil, Dante},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 77,
  pages = {375--393},
  year = 2004
}
@article{caniven15,
  author = {Caniven, Y. and Dominguez, S. and Soliva, R. and
                  Cattin, R. and Peyret, M. and Marchandon, M. and
                  Romano, C. and Strak, V.},
  title = {A new multilayered visco-elasto-plastic experimental
                  model to study strike-slip fault seismic cycle},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 34,
  doi = {10.1002/2014TC003701},
  pages = {232--264},
  year = 2015
}
@article{cannat09,
  title = {Oceanic corrugated surfaces and the strength of the
                  axial lithosphere at slow spreading ridges},
  author = {Cannat, Mathilde and Sauter, Daniel and
                  Escart{\'\i}n, Javier and Lavier, Luc L and Picazo,
                  Suzanne},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 288,
  pages = {174--183},
  year = 2009
}
@article{cannat96,
  title = {How thick is the magmatic crust at slow spreading
                  oceanic ridges?},
  author = {Cannat, Mathilde},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {2847--2857},
  year = 1996
}
@article{cannat97,
  title = {{Ultramafic and gabbroic exposures at the
                  Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Geological mapping in the 15N
                  region}},
  author = {Cannat, Mathilde and Lagabrielle, Yves and Bougault,
                  Henri and Casey, Jack and de Coutures, Nathalie and
                  Dmitriev, Leonid and Fouquet, Yves},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 279,
  pages = {193--213},
  year = 1997
}
@article{canup04,
  title = {Dynamics of lunar formation},
  author = {Canup, Robin M},
  journal = {Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {441--475},
  year = 2004
}
@article{cao07,
  author = {Cao, A. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {{Locating scatterers in the mantle using array
                  analysis of $PKIKP$ precursors from an earthquake
                  doublet}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {22--31}
}
@article{capitanio07a,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and Morra, G. and Goes, S.},
  title = {Dynamic models of downgoing plate-buoyancy driven
                  subduction: Subduction motions and energy
                  dissipation},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 262,
  pages = {284--297}
}
@article{capitanio07b,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and Goes, S. and Morra, G. and
                  Giardini, D.},
  title = {Signatures of downgoing plate-buoyancy driven
                  subduction in motions and seismic coupling at major
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 262,
  pages = {298--306}
}
@article{capitanio10,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and Morra, G. and Goes, S. and
                  Weinberg, R. F. and Moresi, L.},
  title = {India-{Asia} convergence driven by the subduction of
                  the {Greater Indian} continent},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {136--139}
}
@article{capitanio10b,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and D. R. Stegman and L. Moresi and
                  W. Sharples},
  title = {Upper plate controls on deep subduction, trench
                  migrations and deformations at convergent margins},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 483,
  pages = {80--92}
}
@article{capitanio11,
  author = {F. A. Capitanio and C. Faccenna and S. Zlotnik and
                  D. R. Stegman},
  title = {{Subduction dynamics and the origin of Andean
                  orogeny and the Bolivian orocline}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 480,
  pages = {83--86}
}
@article{capitanio12,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and Morra, G.},
  title = {The bending mechanics in a dynamic subduction
                  system: {C}onstraints from numerical modelling and
                  global compilation analysis},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2012,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.003}
}
@article{capitanio13,
  title = {{Subduction and slab breakoff controls on Asian
                  indentation tectonics and Himalayan western syntaxis
                  formation}},
  author = {Capitanio, Fabio A and Replumaz, Anne},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {3515--3531},
  year = 2013
}
@article{capitanio15,
  author = {Capitanio, F. A. and Replumaz, A. and Riel, N.},
  title = {{Reconciling subduction dynamics during Tethys
                  closure with large-scale Asian tectonics: Insights
                  from numerical modeling}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {962--982},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005660}
}
@article{capitanio16,
  title = {{The role of the Miocene-to-Pliocene transition in
                  the Eastern Mediterranean extrusion tectonics:
                  Constraints from numerical modelling}},
  author = {Capitanio, Fabio A},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 448,
  pages = {122--132},
  year = 2016
}
@article{carampin81,
  title = {A review of wave motion in anisotropic and cracked
                  elastic-media},
  author = {Crampin, S.},
  journal = {Wave motion},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {343--391},
  year = 1981
}
@article{carannante05,
  author = {Carannante, S. and Boschi, L.},
  title = {Databases of surface wave dispersion},
  journal = {Annal. Geophys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {945--955}
}
@article{carbotte98,
  title = {{Influence of magma supply and spreading rate on
                  crustal magma bodies and emplacement of the
                  extrusive layer: Insights from the East Pacific Rise
                  at lat 16N}},
  author = {Carbotte, Suzanne and Mutter, Carolyn and Mutter,
                  John and Ponce-Correa, Gustavo},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {455--458},
  year = 1998
}
@article{cardona11,
  author = {Cardona, A. and V. A. Valencia and G. Bayona and
                  J. Duque and M. Ducea and G. Gehrels and C.
                  Jaramillo and C. Montes and G. Ojeda and J. Ruiz},
  title = {Early-subduction-related orogeny in the northern
                  {A}ndes: {T}uronian to {E}ocene magmatic and
                  provenance record in the {S}anta {M}arta {M}assif
                  and {R}ancheria {B}asin, northern {C}olombia},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {26--34}
}
@article{carey75,
  title = {The expanding earth-an essay review},
  author = {Carey, S Warren},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {105--143},
  year = 1975
}
@article{carlson83,
  author = {Carlson, R. L. and Hilde, T. W. C. and Uyeda, S.},
  title = {The driving mechanism of plate tectonics: relation
                  to age of the lithosphere at trenches},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {297--300}
}
@article{carlson84,
  author = {Carlson, R. L. and Melia, P. J.},
  title = {Subduction hinge migration},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {1--16}
}
@article{carlson90,
  author = {R. L. Carlson and C. A. Mortera-Guti{\'{e}}rrez},
  title = {{Subduction hinge migration along The
                  Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 181,
  pages = {331--344}
}
@article{carlson94,
  author = {Carlson, R. W.},
  title = {Mechanisms of earth differentiation: consequences
                  for the chemical structure of the mantle},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {337--361}
}
@article{carlsonjm89,
  author = {Carlson, J. M. and Langer, J. S.},
  title = {Properties of earthquakes generated by fault
                  dynamics},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 62,
  pages = {2632--2635}
}
@article{carlsonjm94,
  author = {Carlson, J. M. and Langer, J. S. and Shaw, B. E.},
  title = {Dynamics of earthquake faults},
  journal = {Rev. Mod. Physics},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {657-670}
}
@article{carlsonrl94,
  author = {Carlson, R. L. and Johnson, H. P.},
  title = {On modeling the thermal evolution of the oceanic
                  upper-mantle -- an assessment of the cooling plate
                  model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {3201--3214}
}
@article{carmignani90,
  author = {Carmignani, L. and Kligfield, R.},
  title = {Crustal extension in the {N}orthern {A}pennines: the
                  transition from compression to extension in the
                  {A}lpi {A}puane core complex},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1275--1305}
}
@article{carminati10,
  author = {Carminati, E. and Petricca, P.},
  title = {State of stress in slabs as a function of
                  large-scale plate kinematics},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q04006},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC00303}
}
@article{carpenter15,
  title = {{Frictional properties of the active San Andreas
                  Fault at SAFOD: Implications for fault strength and
                  slip behavior}},
  author = {Carpenter, BM and Saffer, DM and Marone, C},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {5273--5289},
  year = 2015
}
@article{carpenter16,
  author = {Carpenter, B. M. and Ikari, M. J. and Marone, C.},
  title = {Laboratory observations of time-dependent frictional
                  strengthening and stress relaxation in natural and
                  synthetic fault gouges},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {1183--1201},
  year = 2016
}
@book{carslaw_jaeger,
  author = {Carslaw, H. S. and Jaeger, J. C.},
  title = {Conduction of Heat in Solids},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1959,
  address = {London},
  edition = {2nd}
}
@article{carter76,
  author = {Carter, N. L.},
  title = {Steady state flow of rock},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {301--360}
}
@article{carter76b,
  author = {Carter, D. J. and Audley-Charles and M. G. and
                  Barber, A. J.},
  title = {Stratigraphic analysis of island arc– continental
                  margin collision in eastern {I}ndonesia},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. London},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {197–-198}
}
@article{cartwright97,
  author = {Cartwright, J. H. E. and Hern{\'{a}}ndez-Garcia,
                  E. and Piro, O.},
  title = {Burridge-Knopoff models as elastic excitable media},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {527--530}
}
@article{casarotti01,
  author = {Casarotti, E. and Piersanti, A. and Lucente,
                  F. P. and Boschi, E.},
  title = {Global postseismic stress diffusion and fault
                  interaction at long distances},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {75--84}
}
@article{casero04,
  title = {Structural setting of petroleum exploration plays in
                  {I}taly},
  author = {Casero, P},
  journal = {Spec. Vol. Italian Geol. Soc. for the IGC},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {189--199},
  year = 2004
}
@article{cashman17,
  author = {Cashman, K. V. and Sparks, R. S. J. and Blundy,
                  J. D.},
  title = {{Vertically extensive and unstable magmatic systems:
                  A unified view of igneous processes}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 355,
  doi = {10.1126/science.aag3055}
}
@article{caskey97,
  author = {Caskey, S. J. and Wesnousky, S. G.},
  title = {Static Stress Change and Earthquake Triggering
                  during the 1954 {F}airview {P}eak and {D}ixie
                  {V}alley Earthquakes, {C}entral {N}evada},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {521--527},
  month = {June},
  annote = {coulomb stress, nevada}
}
@article{castelnau08,
  author = {O. Castelnau and D. K. Blackman and R. A. Lebensohn
                  and P. Ponte Castaneda},
  title = {Micromechanical modeling of the viscoplastic
                  behavior of olivine},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B09202},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005444}
}
@article{castelnau09,
  author = {Castelnau, O. and Blackman, D. K. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of texture development and
                  associated rheological anisotropy in regions of
                  complex mantle flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L12304},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL038027}
}
@article{castillo88,
  author = {Castillo, P.},
  title = {{The Dupal anomaly as a trace of the upwelling lower
                  mantle}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 336,
  pages = {667--670}
}
@article{castle00,
  author = {Castle, J. C. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Searching for Seismic Observations of Deep Mantle
                  Structure (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {F832}
}
@article{castle03,
  author = {Castle, J. C. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Searching for seismic scattering off mantle
                  interfaces between 800 and 2000 km depth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {10.1029/2001JB000286}
}
@article{castle97,
  author = {Castle, J. C. and Craeger, K. C.},
  title = {Seismic evidence against a mantle chemical
                  discontinutity near 660km depth beneath
                  {I}zu-{B}onin},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {241--244}
}
@article{castle98,
  author = {Castle, J. C. and Creager, K. C.},
  title = {{NW} {P}acific slab rheology, the seismicity cutoff,
                  and the olicvine to spinel phase change},
  journal = {Earth Planets Space},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {977--985}
}
@article{castle99,
  author = {Castle, J. C. and Creager, K. C.},
  title = {A steeply dipping discontinuity in the lower mantle
                  beneath {I}zu-{B}onin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {7279--7292}
}
@article{catchings96,
  author = {Catchings, R. D. and Kohler, W. M.},
  title = {{Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong
                  shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California
                  Earthquake CA}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1401--1416}
}
@article{cates98,
  author = {Cates, M. E. and Wittmer, J. P. and Bouchaud,
                  J.-P. and Claudin, P.},
  title = {Jamming, force chains, and fragile matter},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {1841--1844}
}
@phdthesis{cathles75,
  author = {Cathles, L. M. III},
  title = {{Viscosity of the Earth's mantle}},
  school = {Princeton University},
  year = 1975,
  address = {Princeton NJ}
}
@article{cattania19a,
  title = {Crack models of repeating earthquakes predict
                  observed moment-recurrence scaling},
  author = {Cattania, Camilla and Segall, Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {476--503},
  year = 2019
}
@article{cattania19b,
  title = {Complex earthquake sequences on simple faults},
  author = {Cattania, C},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {10384--10393},
  year = 2019
}
@inproceedings{cattania19c,
  author = {Cattania, C. and Segall, P.},
  title = {Foreschoks on rough rate-state faults (abstract)},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2019,
  address = {San Francisco CA},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union},
  number = {S24B-07}
}
@article{cattania21,
  title = {Precursory slow slip and foreshocks on rough faults},
  author = {Cattania, Camilla and Segall, Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2020JB020430},
  year = 2021
}
@article{cavalie08,
  title = {{Measurement of interseismic strain across the
                  Haiyuan fault (Gansu, China), by InSAR}},
  author = {Cavali{\'e}, O and Lasserre, C{\'e}cile and Doin,
                  M-P and Peltzer, G and Sun, J and Xu, X and Shen,
                  Z-K},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 275,
  pages = {246--257},
  year = 2008
}
@article{cawood06,
  title = {Precambrian plate tectonics: criteria and evidence},
  author = {Cawood, Peter A and Kroner, A and Pisarevsky,
                  Sergei},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {4--11},
  year = 2006
}
@article{cawood07,
  title = {Linking accretionary orogenesis with supercontinent
                  assembly},
  author = {Cawood, Peter A and Buchan, Craig},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {217--256},
  year = 2007
}
@article{cawood16,
  title = {Linking collisional and accretionary orogens during
                  {R}odinia assembly and breakup: {I}mplications for
                  models of supercontinent cycles},
  author = {Cawood, Peter A and Strachan, Robin A and
                  Pisarevsky, Sergei A and Gladkochub, Dmitry P and
                  Murphy, J Brendan},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 449,
  pages = {118--126},
  year = 2016
}
@article{cawood18,
  title = {Geological archive of the onset of plate tectonics},
  author = {Cawood, Peter A and Hawkesworth, Chris J and
                  Pisarevsky, Sergei A and Dhuime, Bruno and
                  Capitanio, Fabio A and Nebel, Oliver},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 376,
  pages = 20170405,
  year = 2018
}
@article{cawood22,
  author = {Peter A. Cawood and Priyadarshi Chowdhury and Jacob
                  A. Mulder and Chris J. Hawkesworth and Fabio
                  A. Capitanio and Prasanna M. Gunawardana and Oliver
                  Nebel},
  title = {Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth
                  System},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 60,
  pages = {{e2022RG000789}}
}
@article{cazenave04,
  title = {{Present-day sea level change: Observations and
                  causes}},
  author = {Cazenave, Anny and Nerem, Robert S},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  doi = {10.1029/2003RG000139},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {RG3001},
  year = 2004
}
@article{cebry22,
  title = {Creep fronts and complexity in laboratory earthquake
                  sequences illuminate delayed earthquake triggering},
  author = {Cebry, Sara Beth L and Ke, Chun-Yu and Shreedharan,
                  Srisharan and Marone, Chris and Kammer, David S and
                  McLaskey, Gregory C},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = 6839,
  year = 2022
}
@incollection{cediel03,
  author = {Cediel, F. and Shaw, R.P. and C{\'{a}}ceres, C.},
  title = {{Tectonic assembly of the Northern Andean Block}},
  booktitle = {{The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean:
                  Hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation, and plate
                  tectonics}},
  pages = {815--848},
  publisher = {AAPG},
  year = 2003,
  editor = {Bartolini, C. and Buffler, R.T. and Blickwede, J.},
  volume = 79,
  series = {AAPG Memoir}
}
@article{celli21,
  title = {{The tilted Iceland Plume and its effect on the
                  North Atlantic evolution and magmatism}},
  author = {Celli, Nicolas Luca and Lebedev, Sergei and
                  Schaeffer, Andrew J and Gaina, Carmen},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 569,
  pages = 117048,
  year = 2021
}
@article{cenedese22,
  title = {Data-driven modeling and prediction of
                  non-linearizable dynamics via spectral submanifolds},
  author = {Cenedese, Mattia and Ax{\aa}s, Joar and
                  B{\"a}uerlein, Bastian and Avila, Kerstin and
                  Haller, George},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = 872,
  year = 2022
}
@article{cerpa15,
  author = {Cerpa, N. G. and Araya, R. and Gerbault, M. and
                  R. Hassani},
  title = {Relationship between slab dip and topography
                  segmentation in an oblique subduction zone:
                  {I}nsights from numerical modeling},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {5786--5795}
}
@article{cerpa17,
  author = {Cerpa, N. G. and Wada, I. and Wilson, C.},
  title = {Fluid migration in the mantle wedge: {I}nfluence of
                  mineral grain size and mantle compaction },
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  doi = {10.1002/2017jb014046}
}
@article{cerpa19,
  title = {Effects of fluid influx, fluid viscosity, and fluid
                  density on fluid migration in the mantle wedge and
                  their implications for hydrous melting},
  author = {Cerpa, Nestor G and Wada, Ikuko and Wilson, Cian R},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {1--23},
  year = 2019
}
@article{chai97,
  author = {Chai, M. and Brown, J. M. and Slutsky, L. J.},
  title = {The elastic constants of an aluminous orthopyroxene
                  to 12.5 {GPa}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {14779--14785}
}
@article{challu23,
  title = {Nhits: Neural hierarchical interpolation for time
                  series forecasting},
  author = {Challu, Cristian and Olivares, Kin G and Oreshkin,
                  Boris N and Ramirez, Federico Garza and Canseco, Max
                  Mergenthaler and Dubrawski, Artur},
  journal = {Proc. AAAI Conf. Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {6989--6997},
  year = 2023
}
@article{chalot-prat03,
  author = {Chalot-Prat, D. and Ganne, J. and Lombar, A.},
  title = {{No significant element transfer from the oceanic
                  plate to the mantle wedge during subduction and
                  exhumation of the Tethys lithosphere (Western
                  Alps)}},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 69,
  pages = {69--103}
}
@article{chambat10,
  author = {Chambat, F. and Ricard, Y. and Valette, B.},
  title = {Flattening of the Earth: further from hydrostaticity
                  than previously estimated},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {727--732}
}
@article{chamberlain03,
  title = {{Early Archean to Mesoproterozoic evolution of the
                  Wyoming Province: Archean origins to modern
                  lithospheric architecture}},
  author = {Chamberlain, Kevin R and Frost, Carol D and Frost, B
                  Ronald},
  journal = {Canad. J.  Earth Sci.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {1357--1374},
  year = 2003
}
@article{chamberlain14,
  title = {Lithosphere--asthenosphere interactions near the San
                  Andreas fault},
  author = {Chamberlain, CJ and Houli{\'e}, Nicolas and Bentham,
                  HLM and Stern, TA},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 399,
  pages = {14--20},
  year = 2014
}
@incollection{chamot99,
  author = {Chamot-Rooke, N. and Gaulier, J.-M. and Jestin, F.},
  title = {Constraints on {M}oho depth and crustal thickness in
                  the {L}iguro-{P}roven{\c {c}}al {B}asin from a {3D}
                  gravity inversion; geodynamic implications},
  booktitle = {The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within
                  the Alpine Orogen},
  pages = {37--61},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1999,
  editor = {Durand, B. and Mascle, A. and Jolivet, L. and
                  Horv{\`{a}}th, F. and S{\'{e}}ranne, M.},
  volume = 156,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs},
  address = {London}
}
@article{champagnac07,
  author = {Champagnac, J. D. and Molnar, P. and Anderson,
                  R. S. and Sue, C. and Delacou, B.},
  title = {Quaternary erosion-induced isostatic rebound in the
                  western {Alps}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {195--198}
}
@book{chandrupatla91,
  author = {Chandrupatla, T. R. and Belegundu, A. D.},
  title = {Introduction to finite elements in engineering},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = 1991,
  address = {London}
}
@article{chang10,
  title = {Interaction between regional stress state and
                  faults: {C}omplementary analysis of borehole in situ
                  stress and earthquake focal mechanism in
                  southeastern {K}orea},
  author = {Chang, Chandong and Lee, Jun Bok and Kang, Tae-Seob},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 485,
  pages = {164--177},
  year = 2010
}
@article{chang15,
  author = {S.-J. Chang and A. M. G. Ferreira and J. Ritsema and
                  H. J. van Heijst and J. H. Woodhouse},
  title = {Joint inversion for global isotropic and radially
                  anisotropic mantle structure including crustal
                  thickness perturbations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {4278--4300},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011824}
}
@incollection{channell86,
  author = {Channell, J. E. T.},
  title = {Paleomagnetism and continental collision in the
                  {A}lpine belt and the formation of late-tectonic
                  extensional basins},
  booktitle = {Collision Tectonics},
  pages = {261--284},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1986,
  editor = {Coward, M. P. and Reis, A. C.},
  volume = 19,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs.},
  address = {London}
}
@article{chapman17,
  title = {{The Pelona--Orocopia--Rand and related schists of
                  southern California: a review of the best-known
                  archive of shallow subduction on the planet}},
  author = {Chapman, Alan D},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  volume = 59,
  pages = {664--701},
  year = 2017,
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{chapman89,
  author = {Chapman, C. H. and P. M. Shearer},
  title = {Ray tracing in azimuthally anisotropic media --
                  {II}. {Q}uasi-shear wave coupling},
  journal = {Geophys. J.},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {65--83},
  year = 1989
}
@article{chapple77,
  author = {Chapple, W. M. and Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {Evaluation of the forces that drive the plates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {1967--1984}
}
@article{chapple79,
  title = {Earthquakes and bending of plates at trenches},
  author = {Chapple, William M and Forsyth, Donald W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {6729--6749},
  year = 1979
}
@article{charalampidou10,
  author = {E.-M. Charalampidou and S. A. Hall and S. Stanchits
                  and L. Helen and G. Viggiani},
  title = {Characterization of shear and compaction bands in a
                  porous sandstone deformed under triaxial
                  compression},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2010.09.032}
}
@article{chardon98,
  title = {{Sinking of the Dharwar basin (South India):
                  implications for Archaean tectonics}},
  author = {Chardon, Dominique and Choukroune, Pierre and
                  Jayananda, Mudlappa},
  journal = {Precambrian Research},
  volume = 91,
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {15--39},
  year = 1998
}
@article{charlton91,
  author = {Charlton, T. R.},
  title = {Postcollisional extension in arc-continent collision
                  zones, eastern {I}ndonesia},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {28--31}
}
@article{charlton97,
  author = {Charlton, T. R.},
  title = {Backthrusting on the BIRPS deep seismic reflection
                  profiles, Banda Arc, Indonesia, a repsonse to
                  changing slab inclination?},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {169--172}
}
@article{chase02,
  author = {Chase, C. G. and Libarkin, J. A. and Sussman, A. J.},
  title = {{Colorado Plateau: Geoid and means of isostatic
                  support}},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {575--587}
}
@article{chase22,
  author = {Chase, A. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {Analysis of {P}acific hotspot chains},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {{e2021GC010225}}
}
@article{chase78,
  author = {Chase, C. G.},
  title = {Extension behind island arcs and motion relative to
                  hot spots},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {5385--5387}
}
@article{chase79,
  author = {Chase, C. G.},
  title = {Subduction, the geoid, and lower mantle convection},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 282,
  pages = {464--468}
}
@article{chastel93,
  author = {Chastel, Y. B. and Dawson, P. R. and Wenk, H.-R. and
                  Bennett, K.},
  title = {Anisotropic convection with implications for the
                  upper mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {17757--17771}
}
@article{chatterjee2000introduction,
  title = {An introduction to the proper orthogonal
                  decomposition},
  author = {Chatterjee, Anindya},
  journal = {Current Sci},
  volume = 78,
  pages = {808--817},
  year = 2000
}
@article{chaves20,
  title = {Repeating earthquakes record fault weakening and
                  healing in areas of megathrust postseismic slip},
  author = {Chaves, EJ and Schwartz, SY and Abercrombie, RE},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {{eaaz9317}},
  year = 2020
}
@misc{cheese20,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{cheese-coe.eu/about/objectives}, accessed
                  01/2021},
  author = {{ChEESE Project}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{chemenda00,
  author = {Chemenda, A. I. and Burg, J. P.  and Mattauer, M.},
  title = {Evolutionary model of the {Himalaya-Tibet} system:
                  geopoem based on new modelling, geological and
                  geophysical data},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {397--409}
}
@techreport{chemingui01,
  author = {Chemingui, N.},
  title = {Modeling {3-D} anisotropic fractal media},
  institution = {Stanford University},
  year = 2001,
  note = {Stanford Exploration Project, Report 80}
}
@article{chen04,
  author = {Chen, P.-F. and Bina, C. R. and Okal, E. A.},
  title = {A global survey of stress orientations in subducting
                  slabs as revealed by intermediate-depth earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {721--733}
}
@article{chen07,
  author = {Chen, P. and Zhao, L. and Jordan, T. H. },
  title = {Full {3D} tomography for the crustal structure of
                  the {Los Angeles} region},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1094--1120}
}
@article{chen07b,
  author = {Chen, M.  and Tromp, J. and Helmberger, D. and
                  Kanamori, H.},
  title = {{Waveform modeling of the slab beneath Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B02305},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004394}
}
@article{chen09,
  author = {Chen, Ting and Lapusta, Nadia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  title = {Scaling of small repeating earthquakes explained by
                  interaction of seismic and aseismic slip in a rate
                  and state fault model},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B01311},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005749},
  year = 2009
}
@article{chen09b,
  author = {L. Chen and Y. Ai},
  title = {{Discontinuity structure of the mantle transition
                  zone beneath the North China Craton from receiver
                  function migration}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B06307},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006221}
}
@article{chen13,
  author = {Chen, L. and Gerya, T. V. and Zhang, Z.-J. and
                  Aitken, A. and Li, Z.-H. and Liang, X.-F.},
  title = {Formation mechanism of steep convergent
                  intracontinental margins: Insights from numerical
                  modeling},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  doi = {10.1002/grl.50446},
  pages = {2000--2005},
  year = 2013
}
@article{chen17,
  author = {Chen, J. and Niemeijer, A. R. and Spiers, C. J.},
  title = {{Microphysically derived expressions for
                  rate-and-state friction parameters, $a$, $b$, and
                  $D_c$}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {9627--9657}
}
@article{chen19a,
  title = {Taylor approximation and variance reduction for
                  {PDE}-constrained optimal control under uncertainty},
  author = {Chen, Peng and Villa, Umberto and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J.  Comp. Phys.},
  volume = 385,
  pages = {163--186},
  year = 2019
}
@article{chen19b,
  title = {Hessian-based sampling for high-dimensional model
                  reduction},
  author = {Chen, Peng and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J.  Uncert. Quant.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {103--121},
  year = 2019
}
@article{chen22,
  author = {Chen, G. and Cheng, Q. and Peters, S. E. and
                  Spencer, C. J. and Zhao, M.},
  title = {Feedback between surface and deep processes:
                  {I}nsight from time series analysis of sedimentary
                  record},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 579,
  pages = 117352
}
@article{chen83,
  author = {Chen, W.-P. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Focal depths of intracontinental and intraplate
                  earthquakes and their implications for the thermal
                  and mechanical properties of the lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {4183--4214}
}
@article{chen91,
  author = {Chen, K. and Bak, P. and Obukhov, S. P.},
  title = {Self-organized Criticality in a Crack-propagation
                  Model of Earthquakes},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {625--629},
  month = {January}
}
@article{chen92,
  title = {Oceanic crustal thickness versus spreading rate},
  author = {Chen, Yongshun John},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {753--756},
  year = 1992
}
@article{chen96,
  author = {Chen, P. and Duda, S. J.},
  title = {Fracture mechanics rupture model of earthquakes and
                  an estimate of ambient shear stress},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {299--308}
}
@article{chen98,
  author = {Chen, J. and King, S. D.},
  title = {The influence of temperature and depth dependent
                  viscosity on geoid and topography profiles from
                  models of mantle convection},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {75--91}
}
@article{cheng13,
  title = {{Deceleration in the Earth's oblateness}},
  author = {Cheng, Minkang and Tapley, Byron D and Ries, John C},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {740--747},
  year = 2013
}
@article{cheng23,
  author = {Cheng, Yifang and Hauksson, Egill and Ben-Zion,
                  Yehuda},
  title = {{Refined earthquake focal mechanism catalog for
                  Southern California derived with Deep Learning
                  algorithms}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {{e2022JB025975}},
  year = 2023
}
@article{cherchi82,
  author = {Cherchi, A. and Montandert, L.},
  title = {Oligo-{M}iocene rift of {S}ardinia and the early
                  history of the {W}estern {M}editerranean basin},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 298,
  pages = {736--739}
}
@book{chernov60,
  author = {Chernov, L. A.},
  title = {Wave propagation in a random medium},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = 1960,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{chertova14,
  author = {Chertova, M. V. and Spakman, W. and Geenen, T. and
                  Berg, A. P. and Hinsbergen, D. J. J.},
  title = {{Underpinning tectonic reconstructions of the
                  western Mediterranean region with dynamic slab
                  evolution from {3-D} numerical modeling}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  year = 2014,
  pages = {5876--5902},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011150}
}
@article{chery01,
  author = {Ch{\'{e}}ry, J. and Zoback, M. D. and Hassani, R.},
  title = {{An integrated mechanical model of the San Andreas
                  fault in central and northern California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {22051--22066}
}
@article{chery08,
  author = {Ch{\'{e}}ry, J.},
  title = {Geodetic strain across {the San Andreas} fault
                  reflects elastic plate thickness variations (rather
                  than fault slip rate)},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 269,
  pages = {352--365}
}
@inproceedings{chesley20,
  title = {{Subducting topography generates upper plate
                  porosity that promotes slow slip at the Hikurangi
                  Margin, New Zealand} (abstract)},
  author = {Chesley, Christine J and Naif, Samer and Key, Kerry},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2020,
  number = {T055-06},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{chester05,
  title = {{Fracture surface energy of the Punchbowl fault, San
                  Andreas system}},
  author = {Chester, Judith S and Chester, Frederick M and
                  Kronenberg, Andreas K},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 437,
  pages = {133--136},
  year = 2005
}
@article{chester13,
  author = {F. M. Chester and C. Rowe and K. Ujiie and
                  J. Kirkpatrick and C. Regalla and F. Remitti and
                  J. C. Moore and V. Toy and M. Wolfson-Schwehr and
                  S. Bose and J. Kameda and J. J. Mori and
                  E. E. Brodsky and N. Eguchi and S. Toczko and
                  {Expedition 343 and 343T Scientists}},
  title = {{Structure and composition of the plate-boundary
                  slip zone for the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 342,
  pages = {1208--1211}
}
@article{chester92,
  title = {Multimechanism friction constitutive model for
                  ultrafine quartz gouge at hypocentral conditions},
  author = {Chester, Frederick M and Higgs, NG},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1859--1870},
  year = 1992
}
@article{chester93,
  title = {{Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the
                  San Andreas fault}},
  author = {Chester, Frederick M and Evans, James P and Biegel,
                  Ronald L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {771--786},
  year = 1993
}
@article{chester98,
  author = {Chester, F. M. and J. S. Chester},
  title = {Ultracataclasite structure and friction processes of
                  the {P}unchbowl fault {San Andreas} system,
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 295,
  pages = {199--221}
}
@article{chevrot00,
  author = {Chevrot, S.},
  title = {Multichannel analysis of shear wave splitting},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {21579--21590},
  year = 2000
}
@article{chevrot03,
  author = {Chevrot, S. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {On the effects of a dipping axis of symmetry on
                  shear wave splitting measurements},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {497--505}
}
@article{chevrot04,
  author = {Chevrot, S. and Favier, N. and Komatitsch, D.},
  title = {Shear wave splitting in three-dimensional
                  anisotropic media},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {711-720}
}
@article{chevrot06,
  author = {Chevrot, S.},
  title = {Finite-frequency vectorial tomography: a new method
                  for high-resolution imaging of upper mantle
                  anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {641--657}
}
@article{chevrot09,
  author = {Chevrot, S. and Monteiller, V.},
  title = {Principles of vectorial tomography -- the effects of
                  model parametrization and regularization in
                  tomographic imaging of seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {1726--1736}
}
@article{chevrot99,
  author = {Chevrot, S. and Vinnik, L. and Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Global-scale analysis of the mantle {$PdS$} phases},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {20203--20219}
}
@article{chiaradia11,
  author = {Chiaradia, M. and O. Muntener and B. Beate},
  title = {{Enriched basaltic andesites from mid-crustal
                  fractional crystal lization, recharge and
                  assimilation (Pilavo Volcano, Western Cordillera of
                  Ecuador)}},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {1107--1141}
}
@article{chiaraluce22,
  title = {{The Near Fault Observatory community in Europe: a
                  new resource for faulting and hazard studies}},
  author = {Chiaraluce, Lauro and Festa, Gaetano and Bernard,
                  Pascal and Caracausi, Antonio and Carluccio, Ivano
                  and Clinton, John Francis and Di Stefano, Raffaele
                  and Elia, Luca and Evangelidis, Christos and
                  Ergintav, Semih and others},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  volume = 65,
  pages = {DM316},
  year = 2022
}
@article{chinnery63,
  author = {Chinnery, M. A.},
  title = {The stress changes that accompany strike-slip
                  faulting},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {921--932}
}
@article{choi04,
  author = {Choi, E. and Thoutireddy, P. and Lavier, L. L. and
                  Quenette, S. and Tan. E. and Gurnis, M. and Aivazis,
                  M. and Appelbee, B.},
  title = {Coupling models of crustal deformation and mantle
                  convection: An application of {GeoFramework}
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {{T31A-1261}}
}
@article{choi08,
  author = {E. Choi and L. Lavier and M. Gurnis},
  title = {Thermomechanics of mid-ocean ridge segmentation},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {374--386}
}
@article{choi13,
  author = {E. Choi and E. Tan and L. L. Lavier and V. M. Calo},
  title = {{DynEarthSol2D}: An efficient unstructured finite
                  element method to study long-term tectonic
                  deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {2429--2444}
}
@article{chopelas89,
  author = {Chopelas, A. and Boehler, R.},
  title = {Thermal expansion measurements at very high
                  pressure, systematics, and a case for a chemically
                  homogeneous mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1347--1350}
}
@article{choukroune87,
  title = {Shear criteria and structural symmetry},
  author = {Choukroune, P and Gapais, D and Merle, O},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {525--530},
  year = 1987
}
@article{choy95,
  title = {Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and
                  apparent stress},
  author = {Choy, George L and Boatwright, John L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18205--18228},
  year = 1995
}
@book{christensen,
  author = {Christensen, R.},
  title = {Theory of Viscoelasticity},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1982,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{christensen01,
  author = {Christensen, U.},
  title = {Geodynamic models of deep subduction},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {25--34}
}
@article{christensen06,
  title = {Scaling properties of convection-driven dynamos in
                  rotating spherical shells and application to
                  planetary magnetic fields},
  author = {Christensen, Ulrich R and Aubert, Julien},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 166,
  pages = {97--114},
  year = 2006
}
@article{christensen10,
  title = {Dynamo scaling laws and applications to the planets},
  author = {Christensen, UR},
  journal = {Space Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 152,
  pages = {565--590},
  year = 2010
}
@article{christensen11,
  title = {Geodynamo models: {T}ools for understanding
                  properties of {E}arth's magnetic field},
  author = {Christensen, Ulrich R},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 187,
  pages = {157--169},
  year = 2011
}
@article{christensen79,
  title = {{Seismic anisotropy in the oceanic upper mantle:
                  Evidence from the Bay of Islands ophiolite complex}},
  author = {Christensen, N. I. and Salisbury, M. H.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {4601--4610},
  year = 1979
}
@article{christensen83,
  title = {Outer-rise earthquakes and seismic coupling},
  author = {Christensen, Douglas H and Ruff, Larry J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {697--700},
  year = 1983
}
@article{christensen84,
  author = {Christensen, U. R. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {The interaction of a subducting lithospheric slab
                  with a chemical or phase boundary},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {4389--4402}
}
@article{christensen84b,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {Convection with pressure- and temperature-dependent
                  non-{N}ewtonian rheology},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {343--384}
}
@article{christensen85,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {Thermal evolution models for the {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {2995--3007}
}
@article{christensen85b,
  author = {Christensen, U. R. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Layered convection induced by phase transitions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {10291--10300}
}
@article{christensen87,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {Some geodynamical effects of anisotropic viscosity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {711--736}
}
@article{christensen89,
  title = {Time-dependent convection with non-Newtonian
                  viscosity},
  author = {Christensen, Ulrich R and Yuen, David A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {814--820},
  year = 1989
}
@article{christensen89b,
  author = {Christensen, Ulrich R.},
  title = {Mixing by time-dependent convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {382--394}
}
@article{christensen91,
  author = {Christensen, U. and Harder, H.},
  title = {Three-dimensional convection with
                  variable-viscosity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {213--226}
}
@article{christensen92,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {An {Eulerian} technique for thermo-mechanical
                  modeling of lithospheric extension},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {2015--2036}
}
@article{christensen94,
  author = {U. R. Christensen and A. W. Hofmann},
  title = {Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the
                  convecting mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {19867--19884}
}
@article{christensen95,
  author = {Christensen, N. I. and Mooney, W. D.},
  title = {Seismic velocity structure and composition of the
                  continental crust: {A} global review},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {9761--9788}
}
@article{christensen96,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {The influence of trench migration on slab
                  penetration into the lower mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 140,
  pages = {27--39}
}
@article{christensen97,
  author = {Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {Influence of chemical buoyancy on the dynamics of
                  slabs in the transition zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {22435--22443}
}
@article{christeson19,
  title = {Synthesis of oceanic crustal structure from
                  two-dimensional seismic profiles},
  author = {Christeson, GL and Goff, JA and Reece, RS},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 57,
  pages = {504--529},
  year = 2019
}
@article{chuang11,
  author = {Chuang, R. Y. and Johnson, K.},
  title = {{Reconciling geologic and geodetic model fault
                  slip-rate discrepancies in Southern California:
                  Consideration of nonsteady mantle flow and lower
                  crustal fault creep}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {627--630}
}
@incollection{ciais13,
  author = {P. Ciais and C. Sabine and G. Bala and L. Bopp and
                  V. Brovkin and J. Canadell and A. Chhabra and
                  R. DeFries and J. Galloway and M. Heimann and
                  C. Jones and C. Le Qu{\'{e}}r{\'{e}} and R.B. Myneni
                  and S. Piao and P. Thornton},
  title = {Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles},
  booktitle = {{Climate change 2013: The physical science
                  basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
                  Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
                  Climate Change}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2013,
  editor = {T. F. Stocker and D. Qin and G.-K. Plattner and
                  M. Tignor and S.K. Allen and J. Boschung and
                  A. Nauels and Y. Xia and V. Bex and P.M. Midgley},
  pages = {465--570},
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@article{cianetti02,
  author = {Cianetti, S. and C. Giunchi and M. Cocco},
  title = {Mechanical coupling between the {L}anders and
                  {Hector Mine} ({C}alifornia) fault systems },
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  pages = 1869
}
@article{cianetti05,
  author = {Cianetti, S. and Giunchi, C. and Cocco, M.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional finite element modeling of stress
                  interaction: An application to Landers and Hector
                  Mine fault systems}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B05S17},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003384}
}
@unpublished{cider06,
  author = {Kellogg, L. and Romanowicz, B. A. and Hart, S. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A.},
  title = {CIDER. 2006 Summer Program: The nature and dynamics
                  of the earth's transition zone: a multidisciplinary
                  approach},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.deep-earth.org/summer06.html}, accessed
                  06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@unpublished{cig,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics
                  ({CIG})}},
  note = {California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
                  CA. Online at \url{www.geodynamics.org/}, accessed
                  06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{civzkova10,
  title = {Implications of post-perovskite transport properties
                  for core--mantle dynamics},
  author = {{\v{C}}{\'\i}{\v{z}}kov{\'a}, Hana and {\v{C}}adek,
                  Ond{\v{r}}ej and Matyska, Ctirad and Yuen, David A},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 180,
  pages = {235--243},
  year = 2010
}
@article{cizkova02,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and van Hunen, J. and
                  van den Berg, A. P. and Vlaar, N. J.},
  title = {The influence of rheological weakening and yield
                  stress on the interaction of slabs with the 670-km
                  discontinuity},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {447--457}
}
@article{cizkova12,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and van den Berg,
                  A. and Spakman, W. and Matyska, C.},
  title = {The viscosity of {E}arth's lower mantle inferred
                  from sinking speed of subducted lithosphere},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 200,
  pages = {56--62}
}
@article{cizkova13,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and Bina, C.},
  title = {Effects of mantle and subduction-interface
                  rheologies on slab stagnation and trench rollback},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 379,
  pages = {95--103}
}
@article{cizkova15,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and Bina, C.},
  title = {{Geodynamics of trench advance: Insights from a
                  Philippine-Sea-style geometry}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 430,
  pages = {408--415}
}
@article{cizkova98,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'{\i}{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and {\v {C}}adek,
                  O. and Slancov{\'{a}}, A.},
  title = {Regional correlation analysis between seismic
                  heterogeneity in the lower mantle and subduction in
                  the last 180 {M}yr: implications for mantle dynamics
                  and rheology},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {527--537}
}
@article{cizkova99,
  author = {{\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a, H. and {\v {C}}adek,
                  O. and van den Berg, A. and Vlaar, N. J.},
  title = {Can lower mantle slab-like seimic anomalies be
                  explained by thermal coupling between the upper and
                  lower mantles?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {1501--1504}
}
@article{clague73,
  title = {{Tertiary Pacific plate motion deduced from the
                  Hawaiian-Emperor chain}},
  author = {Clague, David A and Jarrard, Richard D},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1135--1154},
  year = 1973
}
@article{clague97,
  title = {Evidence for large earthquakes at the {C}ascadia
                  subduction zone},
  author = {Clague, John J},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 35,
  pages = {439--460},
  year = 1997
}
@article{clapham19,
  title = {Flood basalts and mass extinctions},
  author = {Clapham, Matthew E and Renne, Paul R},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {275--303},
  year = 2019
}
@article{clark00,
  title = {Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of
                  {T}ibet by lower crustal flow},
  author = {Clark, Marin Kristen and Royden, Leigh Handy},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {703--706},
  year = 2000
}
@article{clark05,
  author = {Clark, M. K. and Bush, J. W. M. and Royden, L. H.},
  title = {Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow
                  against rheological strength heterogeneities
                  bordering the {T}ibetan {P}lateau},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 162,
  pages = {575--590}
}
@article{clark08,
  author = {Clark, S. R. and Stegman, D. and M{\"{u}}ller,
                  R. D.},
  title = {Episodicity in back-arc tectonic regimes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {265--279}
}
@article{clark08a,
  author = {Clark, S. A. and A. Levander and M. B. Magnani and
                  C. A. Zelt},
  title = {{Negligible convergence and lithospheric tearing
                  along the Caribbean-South American plate boundary at
                  64W}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 27,
  number = {TC6013},
  doi = {10.1029/2008TC002328}
}
@article{clark08b,
  author = {Clark, S. A. and M. Sobiesiak and C. A. Zelt and
                  M. B. Magnani and M. S. Miller and M. J. Bezada and
                  A. Levander},
  title = {{Identification and tectonic implications of a tear
                  in the South American plate at the southern end of
                  the Lesser Antilles}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q11004},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002084}
}
@article{clark08c,
  author = {Clark, S. A. and C. A. Zelt and M. B. Magnan and
                  A. Levander},
  title = {{Characterizing the Caribbean-South American plate
                  boundary at 64W using wide-angle seismic data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B07401},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005329}
}
@article{clark19,
  author = {K. Clark and J. Howarth and N. Litchfield and
                  U. Cochran and J. Turnbull and L. Dowling and
                  A. Howell and K. Berryman and F. Wolfe},
  title = {{Geological evidence for past large earthquakes and
                  tsunamis along the Hikurangi subduction margin, New
                  Zealand}},
  journal = {Marine Geol.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 412,
  pages = {139--172}
}
@article{clark78,
  title = {Global Changes in Postglacial Sea Level: {A}
                  Numerical Calculation1},
  author = {Clark, James A and Farrell, William E and Peltier, W
                  Richard},
  journal = {Quatern. Res.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {265--287},
  year = 1978
}
@article{clarke69,
  author = {W.B. Clarke and M.A. Beg and H. Craig},
  title = {Excess {3He} in the sea: {E}vidence for terrestrial
                  primordial helium},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {213--220}
}
@article{clayton77,
  author = {Clayton, R. and Engquist, H.},
  title = {Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and
                  elastic wave equations},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 67,
  pages = {1529--1540}
}
@misc{clearinghouse21,
  author = {{National Student Clearinghouse}},
  title = {Web page and database},
  year = 2021,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{https://www.studentclearinghouse.org/},
                  accessed 01/2021}
}
@article{cleary72,
  author = {Cleary, J. R. and Haddon, R. A.},
  title = {{Seismic wave scattering near the core-mantle
                  boundary: a new interpretation of precursors to
                  $PKP$}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 240,
  pages = {549--551}
}
@article{clement04,
  author = {Clement, B. M.},
  title = {Dependence of the duration of geomagnetic polarity
                  reversals on site latitude},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 428,
  pages = {637--640}
}
@article{clennett23,
  title = {Assessing plate reconstruction models using plate
                  driving force consistency tests},
  author = {Clennett, Edward J and Holt, Adam F and Tetley,
                  Michael G and Becker, Thorsten W and Faccenna,
                  Claudio},
  journal = {Scient. Rep.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = 10191,
  year = 2023
}
@article{cleveland90,
  author = {Cleveland, R. B. and Cleveland, W. S. and McRae,
                  J. E. and Terpenning, I.},
  title = {{STL}: A seasonal-trend decomposition procedure
                  based on loess},
  journal = {J. Off. Stat.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {3--73}
}
@article{clift04,
  author = {Clift, P. and Vannucchi, P.},
  title = {Controls on tectonic accretion versus erosion in
                  subduction zones: {I}mplications for the origin and
                  recycling of the continental crust},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1--31}
}
@article{cloething1999,
  author = {Cloetingh, S. and Burov, E. B. and Poliakov, A.},
  title = {Lithosphere folding: Primary response to
                  compression? (from central Asia to Paris basin)},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 18,
  number = 6,
  pages = {1064-1083},
  year = 1999
}
@article{cloething2002,
  author = {Cloetingh, S. and Burov, E. B. and Beekman, F. and
                  Andeweg, B. and Andriessen, P. A. M. and
                  Garcia-Castellanos, D. and de Vicente, G. and Vegas,
                  R.},
  title = {Lithospheric folding in Iberia},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 21,
  number = 5,
  pages = {art. no.-1041},
  year = 2002
}
@article{cloething82,
  author = {Cloething, S. A. P. L. and Wortel, M. J. R. and
                  Vlaar, N. J.},
  title = {Evolution of passive continental margins and
                  initiation of subduction zones},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 297,
  pages = {139--142}
}
@article{cloething83,
  author = {Cloething, S. and Wortel, M. J. R.},
  title = {Regional stress field of the {I}ndian plate},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {77--80}
}
@article{cloething89,
  author = {Cloething, S. and Wortel, M. J. R. and Vlaar, N. J.},
  title = {On the initiation of subduction zones},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 129,
  pages = {7--25}
}
@article{cloetingh11,
  title = {Lithospheric folding and sedimentary basin
                  evolution: a review and analysis of formation
                  mechanisms},
  author = {Cloetingh, Sierd and Burov, Evgenii B.},
  journal = {Basin Res.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {257--290},
  year = 2011
}
@article{cloetingh21,
  title = {Plume-induced sinking of intracontinental
                  lithospheric mantle: An overlooked mechanism of
                  subduction initiation?},
  author = {Cloetingh, Sierd and Koptev, Alexander and
                  Kov{\'a}cs, Istv{\'a}n and Gerya, Taras and Beniest,
                  Anouk and Willingshofer, Ernst and Ehlers, Todd A
                  and Andri{\'c}-Toma{\v{s}}evi{\'c}, Nevena and
                  Botsyun, Svetlana and Eizenh{\"{o}}fer, Paul R and
                  Fran{\c{c}}ois, T and Beekman, F},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 22,
  number = 2,
  pages = {{e2020GC009482}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{cloetingh86,
  author = {Cloetingh, S. and Wortel, M. J. R.},
  title = {Stress in the {Indo-Australian} plate},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {49-67}
}
@article{cloos82,
  author = {Cloos, M.},
  title = {Flow melanges: {N}umerical modelling and geologic
                  constraints on their origin in the {F}ransiscan
                  subduction complex, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {330--345}
}
@incollection{cloos86,
  author = {Cloos, M.},
  title = {{Blueschists in the Franciscan Complex of
                  California: Petrotectonic constraints on uplift
                  mechanisms}},
  booktitle = {Blueschists and eclogites},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 164,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.},
  pages = {77--93}
}
@article{cloos88,
  author = {Cloos, M. and R. L. Shreve},
  title = {{Subduction-channel model of prism accretion,
                  melange formation, sediment subduction, and
                  subduction erosion at convergent plate margins, 2,
                  Implications and discussion}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 128,
  pages = {501--545}
}
@article{cloos93,
  author = {Cloos, M. N.},
  title = {Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis:
                  subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins,
                  island arcs, spreading ridges and seamounts},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {715--737}
}
@article{cloud68,
  title = {Atmospheric and hydrospheric evolution on the
                  primitive {E}arth},
  author = {Cloud Jr, Preston E},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 160,
  pages = {729--736},
  year = 1968
}
@incollection{cmtreview,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Studies of the seismic source using normal-mode
                  theory},
  booktitle = {Earthquakes: observation, theory, and
                  interpretation: notes from the International School
                  of Physics ``Enrico Fermi'' (1982: Varenna, Italy)},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 85,
  editor = {Kanamori, H. and Boschi,E.},
  pages = {45--137},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@book{cnss,
  author = {{CNSS}},
  title = {Composite catalog},
  publisher = {{C}ouncil of the {N}ational {S}eismic {S}ystem
                  {CNSS}},
  year = 1995,
  address = {{\small
                  \url{quake.geo.berkeley.edu/cnss/catalog-search.html}}}
}
@article{coble63,
  title = {A model for boundary diffusion controlled creep in
                  polycrystalline materials},
  author = {Coble, RL},
  journal = {J Appl. Phys.},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {1679--1682},
  year = 1963
}
@article{coblentz11,
  author = {D. Coblentz and C. G. Chase and K. E. Karlstrom and
                  J. van Wijk},
  title = {{Topography, the geoid, and compensation mechanisms
                  for the southern Rocky Mountains}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q04002},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003459}
}
@article{coblentz94,
  author = {Coblentz, D. D. and Richardson, R. M. and Sandiford,
                  M.},
  title = {On the gravitational potential of the {E}arth's
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {929--945}
}
@article{coblentz98,
  author = {Coblentz, D. D. and S. Zhou and R. R. Hillis and
                  R. M. Richardson and M. Sandiford},
  title = {Topography, boundary forces, and the
                  {Indo-Australian} intraplate stress field},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {919--931}
}
@article{cocco16,
  title = {On the scale dependence of earthquake stress drop},
  author = {Cocco, M. and Tinti, E. and Cirella, A.},
  journal = {J Seismol.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1151--1170},
  year = 2016
}
@article{cocco23,
  title = {Fracture energy and breakdown work during
                  earthquakes},
  author = {Cocco, M. and Aretusini, S. and Cornelio, C. and
                  Nielsen, S. B. and Spagnuolo, E.  and Tinti, E. and
                  Di Toro, G.},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 51,
  pages = {217--252},
  year = 2023
}
@article{cochard96,
  author = {Cochard, A. and Madariaga, R.},
  title = {Complexity of seismicity due to highly
                  rate-dependent friction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25321--25336}
}
@article{cochran03,
  author = {Cochran, E. S. and Vidale, J. E. and Li, Y. G.},
  title = {{Near-fault anisotropy following the Hector Mine
                  earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002352}
}
@article{cochran23,
  title = {Fault Roughness at Seismogenic Depths and Links to
                  Earthquake Behavior},
  author = {Cochran, Elizabeth S and Page, Morgan T and van der
                  Elst, Nicholas J and Ross, Zachary E and Trugman,
                  Daniel T},
  journal = {The Seism. Rec.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {37--47},
  year = 2023
}
@misc{coconet,
  author = {{UNAVCO}},
  title = {{Caribbean GPS network to aid earthquake and
                  hurricane forecasting}},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{www.unavco.org/community_science/science_highlights/2011/coconet.html},
                  accessed 11/2011},
  year = 2011
}
@article{coffin06,
  title = {{Large igneous provinces and scientific ocean
                  drilling: Status quo and a look ahead}},
  author = {Coffin, MILLARD F and Duncan, ROBERT A and Eldholm,
                  OLAV and Fitton, J GODFREY and Frey, FRED A and
                  Larsen, HANS CHRISTIAN and Mahoney, JOHN J and
                  Saunders, ANDREW D and Schlich, ROLAND and Wallace,
                  PAUL J},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {150--160},
  year = 2006
}
@article{coffin94,
  author = {Coffin, M. F. and Eldholm, O.},
  title = {{Large igneous provinces: Crustal structure,
                  dimensions, and external consequences}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {1--36}
}
@article{cogne04,
  author = {Cogne, J.-P. and Humler, E.},
  title = {Temporal variation of oceanic spreading and crustal
                  production rates during the last 180 {Myr}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 227,
  pages = {427--439}
}
@article{cohen82,
  author = {Cohen, C. R.},
  title = {Model for a passive to active continental margin
                  transition: implications for hydrocarbon
                  exploration},
  journal = {Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Bull.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {708--818}
}
@article{colburn86,
  author = {Colburn, R. H. and Mooney, W. D.},
  title = {Two-dimensional velocity structure along the
                  synclinal axis of the great valley, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {1305--1322}
}
@incollection{colleta90,
  author = {Colleta, B. and F. Hebrard and J. Letouzey and
                  P. Werner and J. L. Rudkiweicz},
  title = {{Tectonic style and crustal structure of the Eastern
                  Cordillera, Colombia from a balanced cross section}},
  booktitle = {Petroleum and Tectonics in Mobile Belts},
  pages = {81--100},
  publisher = {Technip},
  year = 1990,
  editor = {J. Letouzey},
  address = {Paris}
}
@article{colletta97,
  title = {{Tectonic inheritance, crustal architecture, and
                  contrasting structural styles in the Venezuela
                  Andes}},
  author = {Colletta, Bernard and Roure, Fran{\c{c}}ois and de
                  Toni, Bruno and Loureiro, Daniel and Passalacqua,
                  Herminio and Gou, Yves},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {777--794},
  year = 1997
}
@article{collettini01,
  title = {Normal faults, normal friction?},
  author = {Collettini, Cristiano and Sibson, Richard H},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {927--930},
  year = 2001
}
@article{collettini11,
  title = {Fault structure, frictional properties and
                  mixed-mode fault slip behavior},
  author = {Collettini, C. and Niemeijer, A. and Viti, C. and
                  Smith, S. A.F. and Marone, C.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 311,
  pages = {316--327},
  year = 2011
}
@article{collettini11b,
  title = {The mechanical paradox of low-angle normal faults:
                  {C}urrent understanding and open questions},
  author = {Collettini, Cristiano},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 510,
  pages = {253--268},
  year = 2011
}
@article{colli15,
  author = {L. Colli and H.-P. Bunge and B. Schuberth},
  title = {On retrodictions of global mantle flow with
                  assimilated surface velocities},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {8341--8348}
}
@article{colli16,
  author = {L. Colli and S. Ghelichkhan and H.-P. Bunge},
  title = {On the ratio of dynamic topography and gravity
                  anomalies in a dynamic {E}arth},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {2510--2516}
}
@article{collignon14,
  author = {Collignon, M. and Kaus, B. J. P. and May, D. A. and
                  Fernandez, N.},
  title = {{Influences of surface processes on fold growth
                  during 3-D detachment folding}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 15,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005450},
  pages = {3281--3303},
  year = 2014
}
@article{collino01,
  author = {Collino, F. and Tsogka, C.},
  title = {Application of the perfectly matched absorbing layer
                  model to the linear elastodynamic problem in
                  anisotropic heterogeneous media},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {294--307}
}
@inproceedings{colson95,
  author = {Colson, K. B. and Rockwell, T. K. and Thorup,
                  K. M. and Kennedy, G. L.},
  title = {{Neotectonics of the left-lateral Santa Rosa Island
                  Fault, western Transverse Ranges, Southern
                  California (abstract)}},
  pages = 11,
  year = 1995,
  volume = 27,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 91st annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@article{coltice00,
  title = {{$^{40}$K-$^{40}$Ar constraints on recycling
                  continental crust into the mantle}},
  author = {Coltice, Nicolas and Albar{\`e}de, Francis and
                  Gillet, Philippe},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 288,
  pages = {845--847},
  year = 2000
}
@article{coltice05,
  author = {Coltice, N.},
  title = {The role of convective mixing in degassing the
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 234,
  pages = {15--25}
}
@article{coltice12,
  author = {N. Coltice and T. Rolf and P. J. Tackley and
                  S. Labrosse},
  title = {Dynamic Causes of the Relation Between Area and Age
                  of the Ocean Floor},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 336,
  pages = {335--338}
}
@article{coltice13,
  author = {Coltice, N. and Seton, M. and Rolf, T. and
                  M{\"{u}}ller, R. and Tackley, P.},
  title = {Convergence of tectonic reconstructions and mantle
                  convection models for significant fluctuations in
                  seafloor spreading},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 383,
  pages = {92--100}
}
@article{coltice17,
  author = {Coltice, E. and G{\'{e}}rault, M. and Ulrov{\'{a}},
                  M. },
  title = {A mantle convection perspective on global tectonics},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  pages = {120--150},
  volume = 165,
  year = 2017
}
@article{coltice18,
  author = {Coltice, N. and Shephard, G. E.},
  title = {Tectonic predictions with mantle convection models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 213,
  pages = {16--29},
  year = 2018
}
@article{coltice19,
  title = {What drives tectonic plates?},
  author = {Coltice, Nicolas and Husson, Laurent and Faccenna,
                  Claudio and Arnould, Ma{\"e}lis},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 5,
  number = 10,
  pages = {{eaax4295}},
  year = 2019
}
@incollection{coltice23,
  title = {{Tectonics is a Hologram}},
  editor = {João C. Duarte},
  booktitle = {Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Convection},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  pages = {105--125},
  year = 2023,
  author = {Nicolas Coltice}
}
@article{colucci14,
  author = {Colucci, S. and de' Michieli Vitturi, M. and Neri,
                  A. and Palladino, D. M.},
  title = {An integrated model of magma chamber, conduit and
                  column for the analysis of sustained explosive
                  eruption},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 404,
  pages = {98--110}
}
@article{comninou75,
  author = {Comninou, M. and Dundurs, J.},
  title = {The angular dislocations in a half space},
  journal = {J. Elasticity},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {203--216}
}
@incollection{condie08,
  title = {When did plate tectonics begin? {E}vidence from the
                  geologic record},
  author = {Condie, Kent C and Kr{\"o}ner, Alfred},
  booktitle = {When did plate tectonics begin on planet Earth},
  volume = 440,
  pages = {281--294},
  year = 2008,
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  series = {GSA Spec. Papers}
}
@article{condie09,
  title = {Granitoid events in space and time: constraints from
                  igneous and detrital zircon age spectra},
  author = {Condie, Kent C and Belousova, Elena and Griffin, WL
                  and Sircombe, Keith N},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {228--242},
  year = 2009
}
@article{condie15,
  author = {Condie, K. and Pisarevsky, S. A. and Korenaga,
                  J. and Gardoll, S.},
  title = {Is the rate of supercontinent assembly changing with
                  time?},
  journal = {Precambrian Res.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 259,
  pages = {278--289}
}
@article{condie98,
  title = {Episodic continental growth and supercontinents: a
                  mantle avalanche connection?},
  author = {Condie, Kent C},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 163,
  pages = {97--108},
  year = 1998
}
@article{coney84,
  author = {Coney, P. J. and Harms, T. A.},
  title = {Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: {C}enozoic
                  extensional relics of Mesozoic compression},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {550--554},
  year = 1984
}
@incollection{coney87,
  author = {Coney, P. J.},
  title = {{The regional tectonic setting and possible causes
                  of Cenozoic extension in the North American
                  Cordillera}},
  booktitle = {Continental extensional tectonics},
  pages = {177--186},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1987,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec Pub.}
}
@inproceedings{connaughton08,
  author = {Connaughton, S. and Hall, S. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {Seismic anisotopy and deformation {beneath
                  California}},
  booktitle = {Continental deformation: constraints from
                  anisotropy, kinematics, dynamics Workshop},
  year = 2008,
  address = {Dublin},
  month = {November},
  organization = {Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies}
}
@misc{connolly04,
  author = {Connolly, J.},
  title = {{Perple\_X}, a collection of {Fortran77} programs
                  for calculating and displaying petrological phase
                  diagrams, phase equilibria, and thermodynamic data},
  howpublished = {Available online at \url{www.perplex.ethz.ch/}},
  year = 2004
}
@article{connolly09,
  author = {Connolly, J. A. D.},
  title = {The geodynamic equation of state: what and how},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q10014},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002540}
}
@article{connolly98,
  title = {Compaction-driven fluid flow in viscoelastic rock},
  author = {Connolly, JAD and Podladchikov, Yu Yu},
  journal = {Geodin. Acta},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {55--84},
  year = 1998
}
@article{conrad01,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Mantle convection with strong subduction zones},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 144,
  pages = {271--288}
}
@article{conrad02,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertel\-loni, C.},
  title = {How mantle slabs drive plate tectonics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 298,
  pages = {207--209}
}
@article{conrad03,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Seismic tomography, surface uplift, and the breakup
                  of {G}ondwanaland: {I}ntegrating mantle convection
                  backwards in time},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  number = {2001GC000299}
}
@article{conrad04,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {The temporal evolution of plate driving forces:
                  Importance of ``slab suction'' versus ``slab pull''
                  during the {C}enozoic},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB002991}
}
@article{conrad04b,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertelloni C. and Louden,
                  K.},
  title = {{The Farallon slab and dynamic topography of the
                  North Atlantic}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {177--180}
}
@article{conrad04c,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Bilek, S. and Lithgow-Bertelloni,
                  C.},
  title = {Great earthquakes and slab-pull: Interaction between
                  seismic coupling and plate-slab coupling},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 218,
  pages = {109--122}
}
@article{conrad06,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Influence of continental roots and asthenosphere on
                  plate-mantle coupling},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL02562}
}
@article{conrad07,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Faster seafloor spreading and lithosphere production
                  during the mid-{C}enozoic},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {29--32}
}
@article{conrad07b,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Behn, M. D. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Global mantle flow and the development of seismic
                  anisotropy: {D}ifferences between the oceanic and
                  continental upper mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B07317},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004608}
}
@article{conrad09,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Husson, L.},
  title = {Influence of dynamic topography on sea level and its
                  rate of change},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {110--120}
}
@article{conrad10,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Behn, M. D.},
  title = {Constraints on Lithosphere Net Rotation and
                  Asthenospheric Viscosity from Global Mantle Flow
                  Models and Seismic Anisotropy},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q05W05},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002970}
}
@article{conrad97b,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {The growth of {R}ayleigh-{T}aylor-type instabilities
                  in the lithosphere for various rheological and
                  density structures},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 129,
  pages = {95--112}
}
@article{conrad97c,
  title = {Spatial variations in the rate of sea level rise
                  caused by the present-day melting of glaciers and
                  ice sheets},
  author = {Conrad, Clinton P and Hager, Bradford H},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1503--1506},
  year = 1997
}
@article{conrad99,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {The effects of plate bending and fault strength at
                  subduction zones on plate dynamics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {17551--17571}
}
@article{conrad99b,
  author = {Conrad, C. P. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {The thermal evolution of an {Earth} with strong
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {3041--3044}
}
@article{contreras18,
  author = {Contreras-Reyes, E. and Garay, J.},
  title = {Flexural modeling of the elastic lithosphere at an
                  ocean trench: A parameter sensitivity analysis using
                  analytical solutions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 113,
  pages = {1--12}
}
@article{cook81,
  title = {{Parameterized convection and the thermal evolution
                  of the Earth}},
  author = {Cook, FA and Turcotte, DL},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 75,
  pages = {1--17},
  year = 1981
}
@article{cook94,
  title = {Orogen-scale decollements},
  author = {Cook, Frederick A and Varsek, John L},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {37--60},
  year = 1994
}
@article{cooke02,
  author = {Cooke, M. and Kameda, A.},
  title = {Mechanical fault interaction within the {Los Angeles
                  Basin}: a two-dimensional analysis using mechanical
                  efficiency},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000542}
}
@article{cooke04,
  title = {Assessing the work budget and efficiency of fault
                  systems using mechanical models},
  author = {Cooke, Michele L and Murphy, Susan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B10408},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB002968},
  year = 2004
}
@article{cooke11,
  title = {{Simulating the recent evolution of the southern big
                  bend of the San Andreas fault, Southern California}},
  author = {Cooke, Michele L and Dair, Laura C},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B04405},
  doi = {10.029/2010JB007835},
  year = 2011
}
@article{cooper11,
  author = {Cooper, F. J. and Platt, J. P. and Anczkiewicz, R.},
  title = {{Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates
                  from 2-D thermal modeling}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 312,
  pages = {69--79}
}
@article{cooper12,
  author = {Cooper, L. B. and Ruscitto, D. M. and Plank, T. and
                  Wallace, P. J. and Syracuse, E. M. and Manning,
                  C. E. },
  title = {Global variations in {H2O/Ce: 1. S}lab surface
                  temperatures beneath volcanic arcs},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q03024},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003902}
}
@incollection{cooper95,
  author = {Cooper, M. A. and F. T. Addison and R. Alvarez and
                  M. Coral and R. H. Graham and A. B. Hayward and
                  S. Howe and J. Martinez and J. Naar and
                  R. Pe{\~{n}}as and A. J. Pulham and A. Taborda},
  title = {{Basin development and tectonic history of the
                  Llanos Basin, Colombia}},
  booktitle = {Petroleum Basins of South America},
  pages = {659--665},
  publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
  year = 1995,
  editor = {Tankard, A. J. and R. Suarez-Soruco and
                  H.J. Welsink},
  volume = 62,
  series = { Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Memoir}
}
@article{copley10,
  author = {Copley, A. and Avouac, J.-P. and Royer, J.-Y.},
  title = {{India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of
                  the Indian plate: Implications for the forces
                  driving plate motions}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B03410},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006634}
}
@article{corbi13,
  author = {F. Corbi and F. Funiciello and M. Moroni and Y. van
                  Dinther and P. M. Mai and L. A. Dalguer and
                  C. Faccenna},
  title = {The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts:
                  1. {I}nsights from laboratory models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009481},
  volume = 118
}
@article{corbi17,
  author = {Corbi, F. and Herrend{\"{o}}rfer, R. and Funiciello,
                  F. and van Dinther, Y.},
  title = {Controls of seismogenic zone width and subduction
                  velocity on interplate seismicity: {I}nsights from
                  analog and numerical models},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  doi = {10.1002/2016GL072415},
  pages = {6082--6091}
}
@article{cormier89,
  author = {Cormier, V.},
  title = {{Slab diffraction of $S$ waves}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {3006--3024}
}
@article{corrieu94,
  author = {Corrieu, V. and Ricard, Y. and Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Radial viscosity of the Earth deduced from mantle
                  tomography},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {3--13}
}
@article{cortes05,
  author = {Cort{\'e}s, M. and Angelier, J.},
  title = {{Current states of stress in the northern Andes as
                  indicated by focal mechanisms of earthquakes}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 403,
  pages = {29--58}
}
@article{corti2005,
  author = {Corti, G.},
  title = {Dynamics of periodic instabilities during stretching
                  of the continental lithosphere: View from centrifuge
                  models and comparison with natural examples},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 24,
  doi = {10.1029/2004TC001739},
  number = {TC2008},
  year = 2005
}
@misc{cost17,
  author = {COST},
  title = {{cost. European Cooperation in Science \&
                  Technology}},
  howpublished = {Online at \url{www.cost.eu/}, accessed 10/2017},
  note = {Part of the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020},
  year = 2017
}
@article{costa22,
  title = {{A new probe into the innermost inner core
                  anisotropy via the global coda-correlation
                  wavefield}},
  author = {Costa de Lima, Thuany and Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Hrvoje
                  and Waszek, Lauren},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 127,
  number = 4,
  pages = {{e2021JB023540}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{cottaar14,
  author = {Cottaar, S. and Li, M. and McNamara, A. K. and
                  Romanowicz, B. A. and Wenk, H.-R.},
  title = {Synthetic seismic anisotropy models within a slab
                  impinging on the core-mantle boundary},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {164--177}
}
@article{cotton95,
  author = {Cotton, F. and Campillo, M.},
  title = {Frequency domain inversion of strong motions:
                  {A}pplication to the 1992 {L}anders earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {3961--3975}
}
@book{coulomb21,
  author = {Coulomb, C. A.},
  title = {Theorie des machine simple (Theory of Simple
                  Machines)},
  publisher = {Bachelier},
  year = 1821,
  address = {Paris}
}
@article{coulson22,
  author = {S. Coulson and S. Dangendorf and J. X. Mitrovica and
                  M E. Tamisiea and L. Pan and D. T. Sandwell},
  title = {{A detection of the sea level fingerprint
                  ofGreenland Ice Sheet melt}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 377,
  pages = {1550--1554}
}
@article{course23,
  author = {Course, K. and Nair, P. B.},
  title = {State estimation of a physical system with unknown
                  governing equations},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 662,
  pages = {261--267}
}
@article{courtier07,
  title = {Correlation of seismic and petrologic thermometers
                  suggests deep thermal anomalies beneath hotspots},
  author = {Courtier, Anna M and Jackson, Matthew G and
                  Lawrence, Jesse F and Wang, Zhengrong and Lee,
                  Cin-Ty Aeolus and Halama, Ralf and Warren, Jessica M
                  and Workman, Rhea and Xu, Wenbo and Hirschmann, Marc
                  M and others},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 264,
  pages = {308--316},
  year = 2007
}
@article{courtillot03,
  author = {Courtillot, V. and Davaille, A. and Besse, J. and
                  Stock, J.},
  title = {Three distinct types of hotspots in the {E}arth's
                  mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 205,
  pages = {295--308}
}
@article{courtillot88,
  title = {{Deccan flood basalts and the Cretaceous/Tertiary
                  boundary}},
  author = {Courtillot, V and Feraud, G and Maluski, Henri and
                  Vandamme, D and Moreau, MG and Besse, J},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 333,
  pages = {843--846},
  year = 1988
}
@article{cowie92,
  author = {Cowie, P. A. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Growth of faults by Accumulation of Seismic Slip},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11085--11095}
}
@article{cowie92b,
  title = {Physical explanation for the displacement-length
                  relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture
                  mechanics model},
  author = {Cowie, Patience A and Scholz, Christopher H},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {1133--1148},
  year = 1992
}
@mastersthesis{cox09,
  author = {Cox, N. L.},
  title = {Variable uplift from quaternary folding along the
                  northern coast of East Timor, based on U-series age
                  determinations of coral terraces},
  school = {Brigham Young University},
  year = 2009,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/ETD&CISOPTR=1687},
                  accessed 06/2011}
}
@article{cox21,
  author = {Cox, S. and Fagereng, A. and MacLeod, C. J.},
  title = {Shear zone development in serpentinized mantle:
                  {I}mplications for the strength of oceanic transform
                  faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2020JB020763}}
}
@incollection{cox89,
  author = {Cox, A. M. and Debiche, G. and Engebretson, D. C.},
  title = {Terrane trajectories and plate interaction along
                  continental margins in the north {P}acific basin},
  booktitle = {The evolution of the {P}acific {O}cean margins},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Ben-Avraham, Z.},
  pages = {20--35},
  address = {Oxford}
}
@article{coxandscholz,
  author = {Cox, S. J. D. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {On the Formation and Growth of Faults: An
                  Experimental Study},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {413--430}
}
@article{craig11,
  author = {Craig, T. J. and Jackson, J. A. and Priestley,
                  K. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {Earthquake distribution patterns in {A}frica: their
                  relationship to variations in lithospheric and
                  geological structure, and their rheological
                  implications},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 185,
  pages = {403--434},
  year = 2011
}
@article{craig14,
  title = {A reassessment of outer-rise seismicity and its
                  implications for the mechanics of oceanic
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Craig, TJ and Copley, A and Jackson, J},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 197,
  pages = {63--89},
  year = 2014
}
@article{craig76,
  title = {Primordial neon, helium, and hydrogen in oceanic
                  basalts},
  author = {Craig, H and Lupton, JE},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {369--385},
  year = 1976
}
@article{crameri12,
  author = {Crameri, F. and Tackley, P. and Meilick, I. and
                  Gerya, T. V. and Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {{A free plate surface and weak oceanic crust produce
                  single-sided subduction on Earth}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L03306},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL050046}
}
@article{crameri12b,
  title = {A comparison of numerical surface topography
                  calculations in geodynamic modelling: an evaluation
                  of the ``sticky air'' method},
  author = {Crameri, F and Schmeling, H and Golabek, GJ and
                  Duretz, T and Orendt, R and Buiter, SJH and May, DA
                  and Kaus, BJP and Gerya, TV and Tackley, PJ},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 189,
  pages = {38--54},
  year = 2012
}
@article{crameri15,
  author = {Crameri, F. and Tackley, P.},
  title = {Parameters controlling dynamically self-consistent
                  plate tectonics and single-sided subduction in
                  global models of mantle convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {3680--3706}
}
@article{crameri17,
  title = {The dynamical control of subduction parameters on
                  surface topography},
  author = {Crameri, Fabio and Lithgow-Bertelloni, CR and
                  Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1661--1687},
  year = 2017
}
@misc{crameri18,
  author = {Crameri, F.},
  title = {Scientific colour maps},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.1243862},
  year = 2018
}
@article{crameri20,
  title = {A transdisciplinary and community-driven database to
                  unravel subduction zone initiation},
  author = {Crameri, Fabio and Magni, Valentina and Domeier,
                  Mathew and Shephard, Grace E and Chotalia, Kiran and
                  Cooper, George and Eakin, Caroline M and Grima,
                  Antoniette Greta and G{\"u}rer, Derya and
                  Kir{\'a}ly, {\'A}gnes and Mulyukova, E and Peters, K
                  and Robert, B and Thielmann, M},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = 3750,
  year = 2020
}
@article{crampin03,
  author = {Crampin, S. and Chastin, S.},
  title = {A review of shear wave splitting in the
                  crack-critical crust},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {221--240}
}
@article{crampin70,
  author = {Crampin, S.},
  title = {The dispersion of surface waves in multilayered
                  anisotropic media},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {387--402}
}
@article{crampin77,
  author = {Crampin, S.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy, a summary},
  journal = {Z. Geophys.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {499--501}
}
@article{crampin78,
  title = {Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid:
                  polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic},
  author = {Crampin, Stuart},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 53,
  pages = {467--496},
  year = 1978
}
@article{crampin80,
  title = {{Estimating crack parameters from observations of
                  P-wave velocity anisotropy}},
  author = {Crampin, S. and McGonigle, R. and Bamford, D.},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {345--360},
  year = 1980
}
@article{crampin84,
  author = {Crampin, S.},
  title = {Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave
                  propagation through cracked solids},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {135--145}
}
@article{crampin85,
  title = {Evaluation of anisotropy by shear-wave splitting},
  author = {Crampin, S.},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  volume = 50,
  pages = {142--152},
  year = 1985
}
@article{crawford18,
  title = {Quantifying the sensitivity of post-glacial sea
                  level change to laterally varying viscosity},
  author = {Crawford, Ophelia and Al-Attar, David and Tromp,
                  Jeroen and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Austermann,
                  Jacqueline and Lau, Harriet CP},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 214,
  pages = {1324--1363},
  year = 2018
}
@article{creager86,
  title = {{Slab penetration into the lower mantle beneath the
                  Mariana and other island arcs of the northwest
                  Pacific}},
  author = {Creager, Kenneth C and Jordan, Thomas H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {3573--3589},
  year = 1986
}
@article{creasy20,
  title = {A library of elastic tensors for lowermost mantle
                  seismic anisotropy studies and comparison with
                  seismic observations},
  author = {Creasy, Neala and Miyagi, Lowell and Long, Maureen
                  D},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {{e2019GC008883}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{cretaux98,
  author = {Cr{\'{e}}taux, J.-F. and Soudarin, L. and Cazenave,
                  A. and Bouill{\'{e}}},
  title = {Present-day tectonic plate motions and crustal
                  deformations from the {DORIS} space system},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {30167--30181}
}
@book{croll75,
  author = {Croll, J.},
  title = {Climate and time in their geological relations: {A}
                  theory of secular changes of the {E}arth's climate,},
  publisher = {Daldy, Isbister, \& Co.},
  address = {London},
  year = 1875
}
@incollection{crook87,
  author = {Crook, R. Jr and Allen, C. R. and Kamb, B. and
                  Payne, C. M. and Proctor, R. J.},
  title = {{Quaternary geology and seismic hazard of the Sierra
                  Madre and associated faults, western San Gabriel
                  Mountains}},
  booktitle = {Recent reverse faulting in the Transverse Ranges,
                  California},
  pages = {27--63},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 1339,
  series = {U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.}
}
@article{crosby09,
  title = {An analysis of young ocean depth, gravity and global
                  residual topography},
  author = {Crosby, AG and McKenzie, D},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 178,
  pages = {1198--1219},
  year = 2009
}
@article{cross82,
  author = {Cross, T. A. and Pilger, R. C.},
  title = {Controls of subduction geometry, location of
                  magmatic arcs, tectonics of arc and back-arc
                  regions},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {545--562}
}
@article{crotwell05,
  author = {Crotwell, H. P. and Owens, T. J.},
  title = {Automated receiver function processing},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {702--709},
  note = {Data available online at
                  \url{www.iris.washington.edu/ears}, accessed
                  01/2013}
}
@book{crouch83,
  author = {Crouch, S. L. and Starfield, A. M.},
  title = {Boundary Element Methods in Solid Mechanics. With
                  Applications in Rock Mechanics},
  publisher = {Allen and Unwin},
  year = 1983,
  address = {London}
}
@article{crough75,
  title = {Thermal model of oceanic lithosphere},
  author = {Crough, S Thomas},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 256,
  pages = {388--390},
  year = 1975
}
@article{crough76,
  author = {Crough, S. T. and Thompson, G. A.},
  title = {Thermal model of continental lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {4857--4862}
}
@article{crough77,
  author = {Crough, S. T. and Thompson, G. A.},
  title = {Upper mantle origin of {Sierra Nevada} uplift},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {396--399}
}
@article{crough78,
  author = {Crough, S. T.},
  title = {Thermal origin of mid-plate hotspot swells},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {451--469}
}
@article{crough83,
  title = {Hotspot swells},
  author = {Crough, S Thomas},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {165--193},
  year = 1983
}
@article{crouzeix73,
  author = {Crouzeix, M. and Raviart, P. A.},
  title = {Conforming and nonconforming finite elements methods
                  for solving the stationary {S}tokes equation},
  journal = {Rev. Franc. d'Automat. Informat. Rech. Op\'er.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {33--76}
}
@article{crow10,
  author = {R. Crow and K. Karlstrom and Y. Asmerom and
                  B. Schmandt and V. Polyak and S. A. DuFrane},
  title = {{Shrinking of the Colorado Plateau via lithospheric
                  mantle erosion: Evidence from Nd and Sr isotopes and
                  geochronology of Neogene basalts}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {27--30}
}
@article{crowley11,
  author = {J. W. Crowley and G{\'{e}}rault, M. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {On the relative influence of heat and water
                  transport on planetary dynamics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 310,
  pages = {380--388}
}
@article{crowley12,
  title = {An analytic model of convection in a system with
                  layered viscosity and plates},
  author = {Crowley, John W and O’Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 188,
  pages = {61--78},
  year = 2012
}
@article{cruciani05,
  author = {Cruciani, C. and Carminati, E. and Doglioni, C.},
  title = {Slab dip vs. lithosphere age: no direct function},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {298--310}
}
@article{crupi13,
  title = {The role of radiation damping in the modeling of
                  repeated earthquake events},
  author = {Crupi, Paola and Bizzarri, Andrea},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  volume = 56,
  number = {R0111},
  doi = {10.4401/ag-6200},
  year = 2013
}
@article{csengor1982,
  title = {{Eduard Suess' relations to the pre-1950 schools of
                  thought in global tectonics}},
  author = {{\c{S}}eng{\"o}r, A. M. C.},
  journal = {Geolog. Rundsch.},
  volume = 71,
  pages = {381--420},
  year = 1982
}
@article{cserepes00,
  author = {Cserepes, L. and Christensen, U. R. and Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Geoid height versus topography for a plume model of
                  the {H}awaiian swell},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 178,
  pages = {29--38}
}
@article{cubas15,
  author = {Cubas, N. and Lapusta, N. and Avouac, J.-P. and
                  Perfettni, H.},
  title = {Numerical modeling of long-term earthquake sequences
                  on the {NE} {J}apan megathrust: {C}omparison with
                  observations and implications for fault friction},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 419,
  pages = {187--198}
}
@inproceedings{cui13,
  title = {Physics-based seismic hazard analysis on petascale
                  heterogeneous supercomputers},
  author = {Cui, Yifeng and Poyraz, Efecan and Olsen, Kim B and
                  Zhou, Jun and Withers, Kyle and Callaghan, Scott and
                  Larkin, Jeff and Guest, C and Choi, D and Chourasia,
                  Amit and Shi, Z. and Day, S. M. and Maechling,
                  P. J. and Jordan, T. H.},
  booktitle = {SC'13: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2013,
  organization = {IEEE}
}
@incollection{cundall88,
  author = {P. A. Cundall and M. Board},
  title = {A microcomputer program for modeling large strain
                  plasticity problems},
  booktitle = {Numerical Methods in Geomechanics},
  publisher = {Balkema},
  year = 1988,
  editor = {G. Swoboda},
  pages = {2101--2108}
}
@article{currie04,
  title = {The thermal effects of steady-state slab-driven
                  mantle flow above a subducting plate: the {C}ascadia
                  subduction zone and backarc},
  author = {Currie, CA and Wang, K and Hyndman, Roy D and He,
                  Jiangheng},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 223,
  pages = {35--48},
  year = 2004
}
@article{currie06,
  title = {The thermal structure of subduction zone back arcs},
  author = {Currie, Claire A and Hyndman, Roy D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B08404},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004024},
  year = 2006
}
@article{currie08,
  title = {Thinning of continental backarc lithosphere by
                  flow-induced gravitational instability},
  author = {Currie, Claire A and Huismans, Ritske S and
                  Beaumont, Christopher},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 269,
  pages = {436--447},
  year = 2008
}
@article{currie22,
  title = {{Numerical models of Farallon plate subduction:
                  Creating and removing a flat slab}},
  author = {Currie, Claire A and Copeland, Peter},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {476--502},
  year = 2022
}
@article{curtis09,
  author = {Curtis, A. and H. Nicolson and D. Halliday and
                  J. Trampert and B.  Baptie},
  title = {Virtual seismometers in the subsurface of the earth
                  from seismic interferometry},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {700--704}
}
@article{curtis10,
  author = {Curtis, A. and D. Halliday},
  title = {Source-receiver wavefield interferometry},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 81,
  number = {046601-1–046601-10},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.81.046601}
}
@inbook{cvitanovic84b,
  author = {Cvitanovi{\'{c}}, P.},
  title = {Universality in Chaos: A Reprint Selection},
  chapter = 1,
  publisher = {Adam Hilger},
  year = 1984,
  pages = {3--33},
  address = {Bristol}
}
@article{dabrowski08,
  author = {Dabrowski, M. and Krotkiewski, M. and Schmid, D. W.},
  title = {{MILAMIN: MATLAB-based finite element method solver
                  for large problems}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q04030},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001719}
}
@article{dagan82,
  author = {Dagan, Z. and Weinbaum, S. and Pfeffer, R.},
  title = {An Infinite-Series Solution for the Creeping Motion
                  Through An Orifice of Finite Length},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 115,
  pages = {505--523}
}
@article{dagostino99,
  author = {D'Agostino, N. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {Convective support of long wavelength topography in
                  the {Apennines (Italy)}},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {234--238}
}
@article{daher21,
  title = {{Long-term Earth-Moon evolution with high-level
                  orbit and ocean tide models}},
  author = {Daher, Houraa and Arbic, Brian K and Williams, James
                  G and Ansong, Joseph K and Boggs, Dale H and
                  M{\"u}ller, Malte and Schindelegger, Michael and
                  Austermann, Jacqueline and Cornuelle, Bruce D and
                  Crawford, Eliana B and others},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Planets},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2021JE006875},
  year = 2021
}
@article{dahlen00,
  author = {Dahlen, F. A. and Hungh, S.-H. and Nolet, G.},
  title = {Fr{\'{e}}chet kernels for finite-frequency
                  traveltimes {I.} {T}heory},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {175--203}
}
@article{dahlen84,
  title = {Noncohesive critical Coulomb wedges: An exact
                  solution},
  author = {Dahlen, FA},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {10125--10133},
  year = 1984
}
@article{dahlen90,
  author = {Dahlen, F. A. },
  title = {Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and
                  accretionary wedges},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {55-99}
}
@book{dahlen98,
  author = {Dahlen, F. A. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Theoretical Global Seismology},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 1998,
  address = {Princeton, NJ}
}
@article{dahm96,
  author = {Dahm, T.},
  title = {Relative moment tensor inversion based on ray
                  theory: theory and synthetic tests},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {245--257}
}
@article{dahm98,
  author = {Dahm, T. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {On the elastic and viscous properties of media
                  containing strongly interacting in-plane cracks},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {1--15}
}
@article{dahmen09,
  author = {Dahmen, K. A. and Ben-Zion, Y. and Uhl, J. T.},
  title = {Micromechanical Model for Deformation in Solids with
                  Universal Predictions for Stress-Strain Curves and
                  Slip Avalanches},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 102,
  pages = 175501
}
@article{dalstra1998,
  author = {Dalstra, H.J. and Bloem, E.J.M. and Ridley, J.R. and
                  Groves, D.I.},
  title = {Diapirism synchronous with regional deformation and
                  gold mineralisation, a new concept for granitoid
                  emplacement in the Southern Cross Province, Western
                  Australia},
  journal = {Geologie en Mijnbouw},
  volume = 76,
  pages = {321-338},
  year = 1998
}
@article{dalton06,
  author = {Dalton, C. A. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Global models of surface wave attenuation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003997}
}
@unpublished{dalton06b,
  author = {Dalton, C. A. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {What can we learn from images of seismic-wave
                  attenuation?},
  note = {Presentation at the IRIS Workshop, Tuscon, AZ,
                  available online at
                  \url{www.seismology.harvard.edu/~dalton/IRIS/iris06_dalton_short.pdf},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{dalton08,
  title = {The global attenuation structure of the upper
                  mantle},
  author = {Dalton, Colleen A and Ekstr{\"o}m, G{\"o}ran and
                  Dziewo{\'n}ski, Adam M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B09303},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005429},
  year = 2008
}
@article{dalton14,
  author = {Dalton, C. A. and Langmuir, C. H. and Gale, A.},
  title = {Geophysical and geochemical evidence for deep
                  temperature variations beneath mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 344,
  pages = {80--83}
}
@article{dalton17,
  title = {The thermal structure of cratonic lithosphere from
                  global Rayleigh wave attenuation},
  author = {Dalton, Colleen A and Bao, Xueyang and Ma, Zhitu},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 457,
  pages = {250--262},
  year = 2017
}
@article{daly20,
  author = {Daly, R. A.},
  title = {A general sinking of sea-level in recent time},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 1920,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {246--250}
}
@article{dalzilio18,
  title = {Seismic behaviour of mountain belts controlled by
                  plate convergence rate},
  author = {Dal Zilio, L. and van Dinther, Y. and Gerya,
                  T. V. and Pranger, C. C.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 482,
  pages = {81--92},
  year = 2018
}
@article{dalzilio18b,
  title = {{The role of deep subduction in supercontinent
                  breakup}},
  author = {Dal Zilio, Luca and Faccenda, Manuele and Capitanio,
                  Fabio},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {312--324},
  year = 2018
}
@article{dalzilio19,
  author = {Dal Zilio, L. and van Dinther, Y. and Gerya, T. and
                  Avouac, J. P.},
  title = {Bimodal seismicity in the {H}imalaya controlled by
                  fault friction and geometry},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1-11}
}
@article{dalzilio22,
  title = {Subduction earthquake sequences in a non-linear
                  visco-elasto-plastic megathrust},
  author = {Dal Zilio, L. and Lapusta, N. and Avouac, J.-P. and
                  Gerya, T.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 229,
  pages = {1098--1121},
  year = 2022
}
@article{dana73,
  author = {Dana, J. D.},
  title = {{On some results of the Earth's contraction from
                  cooling, including a discussion of the origins of
                  mountains, and the nature of the Earth's Interior}},
  journal = {Amer. J. Sci.},
  year = 1873,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {423--443}
}
@article{daniels08,
  author = {Daniels, K. and Hayman, N. W.},
  title = {Force chains in seismogenic faults visualized with
                  photoelastic granular shear experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11411},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005781}
}
@article{dannberg16,
  author = {Dannberg, J. and Heister, T.},
  title = {Compressible magma/mantle dynamics: {3-D}, adaptive
                  simulations in {ASPECT}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 207,
  pages = {1343--1366}
}
@article{dannberg17,
  author = {Dannberg, J. and Eilon, Z. and Faul, U. and
                  Gassm{\"{o}}ller, R. and Moulik, P. and Myhill, R. },
  title = {The importance of grain size to mantle dynamics and
                  seismological observations},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {3034--3061}
}
@article{daradich03,
  author = {Daradich, A. and Mitrovica, J. X. and Pysklywec,
                  R. N. and Willet, S. D. and Forte, A. M.},
  title = {Mantle flow, dynamic topography, and rift-flank
                  uplift of {A}rabia},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {901--904}
}
@article{darbyshire09,
  author = {Darbyshire, F. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {{Rayleigh wave phase-velocity heterogeneity and
                  multi-layered azimuthal anisotropy of the Superior
                  Craton, Ontario}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {215--234}
}
@article{dargenio91,
  author = {D'Argenio, B. and Mindszenty, A.},
  title = {Karst {B}auxite at regional unconformity and the
                  geotectonic correlation in the {C}retaceous of the
                  {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Bull. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 110,
  pages = {85--92}
}
@article{darwin77,
  title = {{VIII. On the influence of geological changes on the
                  Earth's axis of rotation}},
  author = {Darwin, George Howard},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London},
  volume = 167,
  pages = {271--312},
  year = 1877
}
@article{das81,
  author = {Das, S. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Off-Fault Aftershock Clusters Caused by Shear Stress
                  Increase?},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {1669--1675},
  month = {October},
  annote = {coulomb stress, aftershocks}
}
@article{dascher20,
  title = {What controls variations in aftershock
                  productivity?},
  author = {Dascher-Cousineau, Kelian and Brodsky, Emily E and
                  Lay, Thorne and Goebel, T H W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {e2019JB018111},
  year = 2020
}
@article{dascher23,
  title = {Using deep learning for flexible and scalable
                  earthquake forecasting},
  author = {Da\-scher-Cousineau, Kelian and Shchur, Oleksandr
                  and Brodsky, Emily E and G{\"u}nnemann, Stephan},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 50,
  pages = {e2023GL103909},
  year = 2023
}
@article{davaille02,
  title = {How to anchor hotspots in a convecting mantle?},
  author = {Davaille, Anne and Girard, Fabien and Le Bars,
                  Michael},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 203,
  pages = {621--634},
  year = 2002
}
@article{davaille05,
  title = {Convective patterns under the Indo-Atlantic ``box''},
  author = {Davaille, Anne and Stutzmann, El{\'e}onore and
                  Silveira, Gra{\c{c}}a and Besse, Jean and
                  Courtillot, Vincent},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 239,
  pages = {233--252},
  year = 2005
}
@article{davaille20,
  title = {{Deflating the LLSVPs: bundles of mantle
                  thermochemical plumes rather than thick stagnant
                  ``piles''}},
  author = {Davaille, Anne and Romanowicz, Barbara},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {{e2020TC006265}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{davaille93,
  title = {{Transient high-Rayleigh-number thermal convection
                  with large viscosity variations}},
  author = {Davaille, Anne and Jaupart, Claude},
  journal = {J Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 253,
  pages = {141--166},
  year = 1993
}
@article{davaille99,
  author = {Davaille, A.},
  title = {Simultaneous generation of hotspots and superswells
                  by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 402,
  month = {756--760}
}
@article{davidsen07,
  author = {Davidsen, J. and Stanchits, S. and Dresen, G.},
  title = {Scaling and Universality in Rock Fracture},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 98,
  pages = 12
}
@article{davidsen15,
  author = {Davidsen, J. and Gu, C. and Baiesi, M.},
  title = {{Generalized Omori–Utsu law for aftershock sequences
                  in southern California}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 201,
  pages = {965--978}
}
@article{davies11,
  author = {D. R. Davies and C. R. Wilson and S. C. Kramer},
  title = {Fluidity: {A} fully unstructured anisotropic
                  adaptive mesh computational modeling framework for
                  geodynamics},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q06001},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003551}
}
@article{davies13,
  author = {Davies, J. H.},
  title = {Global map of solid {E}arth surface heat flow},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {4608--4622}
}
@article{davies80,
  title = {{Thermal histories of convective Earth models and
                  constraints on radiogenic heat production in the
                  Earth}},
  author = {Davies, Geoffrey F},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 85,
  pages = {2517--2530},
  year = 1980
}
@article{davies84b,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Geophysical and isotopic constraints on mantle
                  convection: an interim synthesis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {6017--6040}
}
@article{davies86,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Mantle convection under simulated plates: effects of
                  heating modes and ridge and trench migration, and
                  implications for the core-mantle boundary,
                  bathymetry, the geoid and {B}enioff zones},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {153--183}
}
@article{davies88a,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection,
                  1. {L}arge-scale flows and hotspots},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {10467--10480}
}
@article{davies88b,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Role of the lithosphere inW mantle convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {10451--10466}
}
@article{davies90,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Mantle plumes, mantle stirring and hotspot
                  chemistry},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {94--109}
}
@article{davies92,
  author = {Davies, G. F. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {Mantle Convection},
  journal = {J. Geology},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {151--206}
}
@article{davies92b,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {On the emergence of plate tectonics},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {963--966}
}
@article{davies92c,
  author = {Davies, J.H. and Stevenson, D.J.},
  title = {Physical model of source region of subduction zone
                  volcanics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {2037--2070}
}
@article{davies93,
  title = {{Conjectures on the thermal and tectonic evolution
                  of the Earth}},
  author = {Davies, Geoffrey F},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 30,
  pages = {281--289},
  year = 1993
}
@article{davies95,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Penetration of plates and plumes through the mantle
                  transition zone},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {507--516}
}
@article{davies95b,
  author = {Davies, J. H. and von Blanckenburg, F.},
  title = {Slab breakoff: a model of lithospheric detachment
                  and its test in the magmatism and deformation of
                  collisional orogens},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 129,
  pages = {85--102}
}
@book{davies99,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Dynamic Earth: {P}lates, plumes, and mantle
                  convection},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1999
}
@article{davies99b,
  author = {Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Geophysically constrained mantle mass flows and the
                  40{A}r budget: a degassed lower mantle?},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {149--162}
}
@article{davila10,
  author = {D{\'{a}}vila, F. M. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and
                  Gimenez, M. },
  title = {{Tectonic and dynamic controls on the topography and
                  subsidence of the Argentine Pampas: The role of the
                  flat slab}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 295,
  pages = {187--194}
}
@article{davila13,
  author = {D{\'{a}}vila, F. M. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Dynamic topography in South America },
  journal = {J. South Amer. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {127--144}
}
@article{davila15,
  title = {Dynamic uplift during slab flattening},
  author = {D{\'a}vila, Federico M and Lithgow-Bertelloni,
                  Carolina},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 425,
  pages = {34--43},
  year = 2015
}
@article{davis,
  author = {Davis, P. M. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {The Elastic Modulus of Media Containing Strongly
                  Interacting Antiplane Cracks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18253--18258},
  month = {September}
}
@article{davis03,
  author = {Davis, P. M.},
  title = {Azimuthal variation in seismic anisotropy of the
                  southern {C}alifornia uppermost mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  note = {10.1029/2001JB000637},
  pages = 2052
}
@booklet{davis16nasa,
  title = {{Challenges and Opportunities for Research in ESI
                  (CORE): Report from the NASA Earth Surface and
                  Interior (ESI) Focus Area Workshop, November 2--3,
                  2015, Arlington, Virginia}},
  author = {J. L. Davis and L. H. Kellogg and J. R. Arrowsmith
                  and B. A. Buffett and C. G.  Constable and
                  A. Donnellan and E. R. Ivins and G. S.  Mattioli and
                  S. E. Owen and M. E. Pritchard and M. E.  Purucker
                  and D. T. Sandwell and J. Sauber},
  year = 2016,
  note = {available online at
                  \url{smd-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/science-red/s3fs-public/atoms/files/CORE2016%20Updated%3DTAGGED.pdf},
                  accessed 12/2017}
}
@article{davis74,
  author = {Davis, E. E. and Lister, C. R. B.},
  title = {Fundamentals of ridge crest topography},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {405--413}
}
@article{davis83,
  title = {Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary
                  wedges},
  author = {Davis, Dan and Suppe, John and Dahlen, FA},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {1153--1172},
  year = 1983
}
@article{davisreply,
  author = {Davis, P. M. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {Reply},
  crossref = {ravalec},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25377--25379},
  month = {November}
}
@article{davy06,
  title = {Flow in multiscale fractal fracture networks},
  author = {Davy, Philippe and Bour, Olivier and De Dreuzy, J-R
                  and Darcel, Caroline},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 261,
  pages = {31--45},
  year = 2006
}
@article{davy91,
  author = {Davy, Ph. and Cobbold, P. R.},
  title = {Experiments on shortening of a 4-layer model of the
                  continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 188,
  pages = {1--25}
}
@article{dawson00,
  author = {Dawson, P. R. and Wenk, H.-R.},
  title = {Texturing of the upper mantle during convection},
  journal = {Phil. Mag. A},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {573--598}
}
@article{day-lewis05,
  author = {Day-Lewis, A. and Zoback, M. D. and Hickman, S. H.},
  title = {Spectral Analysis of Localized Stress Variations,
                  the Spatial Distribution of Faults, and the Scaling
                  of Physical Properties near the {San Andreas} Fault
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 86,
  number = 52,
  pages = {T21A-0439}
}
@article{day82,
  title = {Three-dimensional finite difference simulation of
                  fault dynamics: rectangular faults with fixed
                  rupture velocity},
  author = {Day, Steven M},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 72,
  pages = {705--727},
  year = 1982
}
@article{deal99,
  author = {Deal, M. M. and Nolet, G. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Slab temperatures and thickness from seismic
                  tomography 1. {M}ethod and application to {T}onga},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {28789--28802}
}
@article{dealII,
  title = {The \texttt{deal.II} Library, Version 9.1},
  author = {D. Arndt and W. Bangerth and T. C. Clevenger and
                  D. Davydov and M. Fehling and D. Garcia-Sanchez and
                  G. Harper and T. Heister and L. Heltai and
                  M. Kronbichler and R. M. Kynch and M. Maier and
                  J.-P. Pelteret and B. Turcksin and D. Wells},
  volume = 27,
  journal = {J. Num. Math.},
  year = 2019,
  doi = {10.1515/jnma-2019-0064}
}
@article{dealII92,
  title = {The \texttt{deal.II} Library, Version 9.2},
  author = {Daniel Arndt and Wolfgang Bangerth and Bruno Blais
                  and Thomas C. Clevenger and Marc Fehling and
                  Alexander V. Grayver and Timo Heister and Luca
                  Heltai and Martin Kronbichler and Matthias Maier and
                  Peter Munch and Jean-Paul Pelteret and Reza Rastak
                  and Ignacio Thomas and Bruno Turcksin and Zhuoran
                  Wang and David Wells},
  journal = {J. Num. Math.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {131-146}
}
@article{debayle04,
  author = {Debayle, E. and Sambridge, M.},
  title = {Inversion of massive surface wave data sets: {M}odel
                  construction and resolution assessment},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B02316},
  doi = {10.1029/2003BJ00265}
}
@article{debayle05,
  author = {Debayle, E. and Kennett, B. L. N. and Priestley, K.},
  title = {Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique
                  plate-motion deformation of {A}ustralia},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 433,
  pages = {509--512}
}
@article{debayle13,
  author = {Debayle, E. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Seismic observations of large-scale deformation at
                  the bottom of fast-moving plates},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 376,
  pages = {165--177}
}
@article{debayle16,
  author = {E. Debayle and F. Dubuffet and S. Durand},
  title = {{An automatically updated S-wave model of the upper
                  mantle and the depth extent of azimuthal
                  anisotropy}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 43,
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL067329}
}
@article{debayle20,
  title = {Seismic evidence for partial melt below tectonic
                  plates},
  author = {Debayle, Eric and Bodin, Thomas and Durand,
                  St{\'e}phanie and Ricard, Yanick},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 586,
  pages = {555--559},
  year = 2020
}
@article{deboer17,
  title = {Current state and future perspectives on coupled
                  ice-sheet--sea-level modelling},
  author = {de Boer, Bas and Stocchi, Paolo and Whitehouse,
                  Pippa L and van de Wal, Roderik SW},
  journal = {Quat. Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 169,
  pages = {13--28},
  year = 2017
}
@article{deborst20,
  title = {On viscoplastic regularisation of strain-softening
                  rocks and soils},
  author = {de Borst, Ren{\'e} and Duretz, Thibault},
  journal = {Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth.  Geomech.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {890--903},
  year = 2020
}
@article{deborst93,
  author = {De Borst, R. and Sluys, L. J. and M{\"{u}}hlhaus,
                  H.-B. and Pamin, J.},
  title = {Fundamental issues in finite element analyses of
                  localization of deformation},
  journal = {Eng. Computations},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {99--121}
}
@article{deborst99,
  author = {De Borst, R. and Pamin, J. and Geers, M. G. D.},
  title = {On coupled gradient-dependent plasticity and damage
                  theories with a view to localization analysis},
  journal = {Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {939--962}
}
@article{debremaecker77,
  title = {Is the oceanic lithosphere elastic or viscous?},
  author = {de Bremaecker, Jean-Claude},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {2001--2004},
  year = 1977
}
@article{debresser01,
  title = {Grain size reduction by dynamic recrystallization:
                  can it result in major rheological weakening?},
  author = {De Bresser, J and Ter Heege, J and Spiers, C},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {28--45},
  year = 2001
}
@article{decelles09,
  author = {DeCelles, P. G. and Ducea, M. H. and Kapp, P. and
                  Zandt, G.},
  title = {{Cyclicity in Cordilleran orogenic systems}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {251--257}
}
@article{decelles23,
  title = {{Differences between the central Andean and
                  Himalayan orogenic wedges: A matter of climate}},
  author = {DeCelles, Peter G and Carrapa, Barbara},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 616,
  pages = 118216,
  year = 2023
}
@article{decelles96,
  title = {Foreland basin systems},
  author = {DeCelles, Peter G and Giles, Katherine A},
  journal = {Basin Res.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {105--123},
  year = 1996
}
@article{deguen09,
  author = {Deguen, R. and Cardin, P.},
  title = {Tectonic history of the {Earth's} inner core
                  preserved in its seismic structure},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {419--422}
}
@article{dehant07,
  title = {{Planetary magnetic dynamo effect on atmospheric
                  protection of early Earth and Mars}},
  author = {Dehant, V{\'e}ronique and Lammer, H and Kulikov, Yu
                  N and Grie{\ss}meier, J-M and Breuer, D and
                  Verhoeven, O and Karatekin, {\"O} and Van Hoolst,
                  Tim and Korablev, O and Lognonn{\'e}, P},
  journal = {Space Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 129,
  pages = {279--300},
  year = 2007
}
@article{delatorre05,
  author = {T. L. {De la Torre} and A. F. Sheehan},
  title = {{Broadband seismic noise analysis of Himalayan Nepal
                  Tibet Seismic Experiment}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {1202--1208}
}
@article{delatorre07,
  author = {T. L. {De la Torre} and G. Monsalve and
                  A. F. Sheehan and S. Sapkota and F.  Wu},
  title = {{Earthquake processes of the Himalayan collision
                  zone in eastern Nepal and the southern Tibetan
                  Plateau}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {718--738}
}
@phdthesis{delatorre07b,
  author = {De la Torre, T. L.},
  title = {{Upper Lithospheric Seismic Characteristics Beneath
                  the Himalaya and the Southern Tibetan Plateau}},
  school = {University of Colorado at Boulder},
  year = 2007
}
@article{delph21,
  author = {Delph, J. R. and Thomas, A. M. and Levander, A.},
  title = {{Subcretionary tectonics: Linking variability in the
                  expression of subduction along the Cascadia
                  forearc}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 556,
  pages = 116724
}
@article{demartin07,
  title = {{Kinematics and geometry of active detachment
                  faulting beneath the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse
                  (TAG) hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
  author = {Demartin, Brian J and Sohn, Robert A and Canales,
                  Juan Pablo and Humphris, Susan E},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 35,
  pages = {711--714},
  year = 2007
}
@article{demets10,
  author = {DeMets, C. and Gordon, R. G. and Argus, D. F.},
  title = {Geologically current plate motions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 181,
  pages = {1--80}
}
@article{demets90,
  author = {DeMets, C. and Gordon, R. G. and Argus, D. F. and
                  Stein, S.},
  title = {Current Plate Motions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {425--478}
}
@article{demets94,
  author = {DeMets, C. and Gordon, R. G. and Argus, D. F. and
                  Stein, S.},
  title = {Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic
                  reversal time scale on estimates of current plate
                  motions},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {2191--2194}
}
@article{demicco04,
  author = {Demicco, R. V.},
  title = {Modeling seafloor-spreading rates through time},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {485--488}
}
@book{demirtas,
  author = {Demirta{\c{s}}, R. and R{\"{u}}{\c{c}}han, Y.},
  title = {Seismotectonics of {T}{\"{u}}rkiye},
  publisher = {Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Republic of
                  T{\"{u}}rkiye},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Ankara},
  month = {Juni}
}
@article{demoor16,
  author = {J. M. deMoor and A. Aiuppa and G. Avard and
                  H. Wehrmann and N. Dunbar and C. Muller and
                  G. Tamburello and G. Giudice and M. Liuzzo and
                  R. Moretti and others},
  title = {{Turmoil at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica):
                  Degassing and eruptive processes inferred from
                  high-​frequency gas monitoring}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {5761--5775},
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013150}
}
@article{demouchy13,
  title = {Low strength of {E}arth's uppermost mantle inferred
                  from tri-axial deformation experiments on dry
                  olivine crystals},
  author = {Demouchy, Sylvie and Tommasi, Andr{\'e}a and
                  Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa and Cordier, Patrick},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 220,
  pages = {37--49},
  year = 2013
}
@article{deng96,
  author = {Deng, J. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Triggering of 1812 {S}anta {B}arbara earthquake by a
                  great {S}an {A}ndreas shock: Implications for future
                  seismic hazards in {s}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1155--1158},
  month = {May},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{deng97,
  author = {Deng, J. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Evolution of the stress field in {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia and triggering of moderate-size
                  earthquakes: {A} 200-year perspective},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {9859--9886}
}
@article{deng98,
  author = {Deng, J. and Gurnis, M. and Kanamori, H. and
                  Hauksson, E.},
  title = {{Viscoelastic Flow in the Lower Crust after the 1992
                  {L}anders, {C}alifornia, Earthquake}},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 282,
  pages = {1689--1692},
  year = 1998
}
@article{denhartog14,
  title = {The roles of quartz and water in controlling
                  unstable slip in phyllosilicate-rich megathrust
                  fault gouges},
  author = {Den Hartog, Sabine AM and Saffer, Demian M and
                  Spiers, Christopher J},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 66,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2014
}
@article{depaolo03,
  author = {DePaolo, D. J. and Manga, M.},
  title = {Deep Origin of Hotspots--the Mantle Plume Model},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 300,
  pages = {920--921}
}
@article{depaolo76,
  author = {DePaolo, D. J. and Wasserburg, G. J. },
  title = {{Inferences about magma sources and mantle structure
                  from variations of $^{143}$Nd/$^{144}$Nd}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {743--746}
}
@article{deparis95,
  author = {Deparis, V. and Legros, H. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Mass anomalies due to subducted slabs and
                  simulations of plate motion since 200~{My}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {271--280}
}
@article{dercourt86,
  author = {Dercourt, J. and Zonenshain, L. P. and Ricou,
                  L. E. and Karmin, V. C. and Le Pichon, X. and
                  Knipper, A. L. and Grandjacquet, C. and
                  Sburtshickov, I. M. and Geyssant, J. and Lepvrier,
                  C. and Pechersky, D. A. and Boulin, J. and Sibuet,
                  J. C. and Savostin, L. A. and Sorokhtin, O. and
                  Westphal, M. and Bazhenov, M. L. and Laver,
                  J. P. and Biju-Duval, B.},
  title = {Geological evolution of the {T}ethys belt from the
                  {A}tlantic to the {P}amir since the {L}ias},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {241--315}
}
@book{dercourt93,
  author = {Dercourt, J. and Ricou, L. E. and Vrielinck, B.},
  title = {Atlas Tethys, paleoenvironmental maps},
  publisher = {Gauthier-Villars},
  year = 1993,
  address = {Paris}
}
@article{deschamps02,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Trampert, J. and Snieder, R.},
  title = {Anomalies of temperature and iron in the uppermost
                  mantle inferred from gravity data and tomographic
                  models},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 129,
  pages = {245--264}
}
@article{deschamps03,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Mantle tomography and its relation to temperature
                  and composition},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 140,
  pages = {227--291}
}
@article{deschamps04,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Trampert, J.},
  title = {Towards a lower mantle reference temperature and
                  composition},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 222,
  pages = {161--175}
}
@article{deschamps08,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. and
                  Trampert, J.},
  title = {Azimuthal anisotropy of {Rayleigh}-wave phase
                  velocities in the east-central {United States}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {827--843}
}
@article{deschamps08b,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. and
                  Trampert, J.},
  title = {Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and
                  present deformation beneath the {East-central United
                  States}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 274,
  pages = {489--498}
}
@article{deschamps08c,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection
                  that explain probabilistic tomography
                  {I}. Principles and influence of rheological
                  parameters},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {357--373}
}
@article{deschamps09,
  author = {Deschamps, F. and P. J. Tackley},
  title = {Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection
                  that explain probabilistic tomography {II -
                  I}nfluence of physical and compositional parameters},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {1--18}
}
@article{deschamps10,
  title = {Temperature and heat flux scalings for isoviscous
                  thermal convection in spherical geometry},
  author = {Deschamps, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Tackley, Paul J and
                  Nakagawa, Takashi},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 182,
  pages = {137--154},
  year = 2010
}
@article{deschamps19,
  title = {Core-mantle boundary dynamic topography: Influence
                  of postperovskite viscosity},
  author = {Deschamps, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Li, Yang},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {9247--9264},
  year = 2019
}
@article{deshpande08,
  author = {Deshpande, V. S. and Evans, A. G.},
  title = {Inelastic deformation and energy dissipation in
                  ceramics: a mechanism-based constitutive model},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 56,
  pages = {3077--3100}
}
@article{desigoyer00,
  title = {{Dating the Indian continental subduction and
                  collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya:
                  Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites}},
  author = {de Sigoyer, Julia and Chavagnac, Val{\'e}rie and
                  Blichert-Toft, Janne and Villa, Igor M and Luais,
                  B{\'e}atrice and Guillot, St{\'e}phane and Cosca,
                  Michael and Mascle, Georges},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {487--490},
  year = 2000
}
@article{desigoyer04,
  title = {Exhumation of the ultrahigh-pressure Tso Morari unit
                  in eastern Ladakh (NW Himalaya): A case study},
  author = {De Sigoyer, Julia and Guillot, St{\'e}phane and
                  Dick, Pierre},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 23,
  number = {TC3003},
  doi = {10.1029/2002TC001492},
  year = 2004
}
@article{dessa04,
  author = {Dessa, J.-X. and Operto, S. and Kodaira, S. and
                  Nakanishi, A. and Pascal, G. and Virieux, J. and
                  Kaneda, Y.},
  title = {Multiscale seismic imaging of the eastern {Nankai}
                  trough by full waveform inversion},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  number = 18,
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL020453},
  year = 2004
}
@article{detrick78,
  author = {Detrick, R. S. and Crough, S. T.},
  title = {Island subsidence, hot spots, and lithospheric
                  thinning},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {1236--1244}
}
@article{detrick98,
  title = {Three-dimensional upper crustal heterogeneity and
                  anisotropy around {Hole 504B} from seismic
                  tomography},
  author = {Detrick, Robert S and Toomey, Douglas R and Collins,
                  John A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {30485--30504},
  year = 1998
}
@article{deubelbeiss08,
  author = {Deubelbeiss, Y. and Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {{Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian numerical
                  techniques for the Stokes equations in the presence
                  of strongly varying viscosity}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {92--111}
}
@article{devries17,
  author = {P. M. R. DeVries and P. G. Krastev and J. F. Dolan
                  and B. J. Meade},
  title = {{Viscoelastic block models of the North Anatolian
                  fault: A unified earthquake cycle representation of
                  pre- and postseismic geodetic observations}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1785/0120160059}
}
@article{dewey69,
  author = {Dewey, J. F.},
  title = {Continental margins: a model for conversion of
                  {A}tlantic type to {A}ndean type},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {189--197}
}
@article{dewey70,
  title = {Mountain belts and the new global tectonics},
  author = {Dewey, John F and Bird, John M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 75,
  pages = {2625--2647},
  year = 1970
}
@article{dewey74,
  title = {Hot spots and continental break-up: implications for
                  collisional orogeny},
  author = {Dewey, John F and Burke, Kevin},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {57--60},
  year = 1974
}
@incollection{dewey80,
  author = {Dewey, J. F.},
  title = {Episodicity, sequence and style at convergent plate
                  boundaries},
  booktitle = {The {C}ontinental crust and its mineral deposits},
  volume = 20,
  year = 1980,
  series = {GAC Special Paper},
  publisher = {Geological Association of Canada},
  pages = {553--573}
}
@article{dewey88,
  author = {Dewey, J. F.},
  title = {Extensional collapse of orogens},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {1123--1139}
}
@incollection{dewey89,
  author = {Dewey, J. F. and Helman, M. L. and Turco, E. and
                  Hutton, D. H. W. and Knot, S. D.},
  title = {Kinematics of the western {M}editerranean},
  booktitle = {Conference on Alpine tectonics},
  pages = {265--283},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Coward, M. P. and Dietrich, D. and Park, R. G.},
  volume = 45,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs.},
  address = {London}
}
@article{dewey92,
  author = {Dewey, J. F. and Lamb, S. H.},
  title = {Active tectonics of the {A}ndes},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 205,
  pages = {79--95}
}
@article{dewey98,
  title = {Transpression and transtension zones},
  author = {Dewey, JF and Holdsworth, RE and Strachan, RA},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 135,
  pages = {1--14},
  year = 1998
}
@article{dewijs98,
  title = {{The viscosity of liquid iron at the physical
                  conditions of the Earth's core}},
  author = {de Wijs, Gilles A and Kresse, Georg and
                  Vo{\v{c}}adlo, Lidunka and Dobson, David and Alfe,
                  Dario and Gillan, Michael J and Price, Geoffrey D},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 392,
  pages = {805--807},
  year = 1998
}
@article{dhar23,
  title = {Function model based on nonlinear transient rheology
                  of rocks: {A}n analysis of decadal GNSS time series
                  after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake},
  author = {Dhar, Sambuddha and Muto, Jun},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 50,
  pages = {e2023GL103259},
  year = 2023
}
@article{di06,
  author = {Di Giuseppe, E. and van Hunen, J. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {{Subduction Dynamics and Energy Dissipation: 3-D
                  Numerical Models (abstract)}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 87,
  number = 52,
  pages = {T11F-04}
}
@article{diaz10,
  author = {Diaz, J. and J. Gallart and A.  Villase{\~{n}}or and
                  F.  Mancilla and A. Pazos and D. C{\'{o}}rdoba and
                  J. A. Pulgar and P. Ibarra and M. Harnafi},
  title = {Mantle dynamics beneath the {Gibraltar Arc (western
                  Mediterranean)} from shear-wave splitting
                  measurements on a dense seismic array},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L18304},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL044201}
}
@article{dicaprio09,
  title = {{Long-wavelength tilting of the Australian continent
                  since the Late Cretaceous}},
  author = {DiCaprio, Lydia and Gurnis, Michael and M{\"u}ller,
                  R Dietmar},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 278,
  pages = {175--185},
  year = 2009
}
@article{dicarli10,
  title = {Dynamic inversion of the 2000 {T}ottori earthquake
                  based on elliptical subfault approximations},
  author = {Di Carli, Sara and Fran{\c{c}}ois-Holden, Caroline
                  and Peyrat, Sophie and Madariaga, Raul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12328},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006358},
  year = 2010
}
@article{dick03,
  title = {An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge},
  author = {Dick, Henry JB and Lin, Jian and Schouten, Hans},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 426,
  number = 6965,
  pages = {405--412},
  year = 2003
}
@article{dick84,
  title = {Mineralogic variability of the uppermost mantle
                  along mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Dick, Henry JB and Fisher, Robert L and Bryan,
                  Wilfred B},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 69,
  pages = {88--106},
  year = 1984
}
@article{dickey94,
  title = {{Lunar laser ranging: A continuing legacy of the
                  Apollo program}},
  author = {Dickey, Jean O and Bender, PL and Faller, JE and
                  Newhall, XX and Ricklefs, RL and Ries, JG and
                  Shelus, PJ and Veillet, C and Whipple, AL and Wiant,
                  JR and others},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 265,
  pages = {482--490},
  year = 1994
}
@article{dielforder20,
  title = {Megathrust shear force controls mountain height at
                  convergent plate margins},
  author = {Dielforder, Armin and Hetzel, Ralf and Oncken, Onno},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 582,
  pages = {225--229},
  year = 2020
}
@article{dieterich09,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H. and Smith, D. E.},
  title = {Nonplanar Faults: {M}echanics of Slip and Off-fault
                  Damage},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {1799--1815}
}
@article{dieterich72,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of
                  stick-slip},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 116,
  pages = {790--806}
}
@article{dieterich78,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Time-dependent friction in rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {3690--3697}
}
@article{dieterich79a,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Modeling of Rock Friction {1}. {E}xperimental
                  Results and Constitutive Equations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {2161--2168}
}
@article{dieterich79b,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Modeling of Rock Friction {2}. Simulation of
                  preseismic slip},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {2168--2175}
}
@incollection{dieterich81,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Constitutive properties of faults with simulated
                  gouge},
  booktitle = {Mechanical behavior of crustal rocks: the Handin
                  volume},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {Carter, N. L. and Friedman, M. and Logan, J. M. and
                  Stearns, D. W.},
  volume = 24,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {103--120},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{dieterich92a,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Earthquake nucleation on faults with rate- and
                  state-dependent strength},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {115--134}
}
@article{dieterich92b,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H. and Linker, M. F.},
  title = {Fault stability under conditions of variable normal
                  stress},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1691--1694}
}
@article{dieterich94,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {A constitutive law for rate of earthquake production
                  and its application to earthquake clustering},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {2601--2618},
  annote = {rate and state, aftershocks, static stress change}
}
@article{dieterich95,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Earthquake Simulations with Time-Dependent
                  Nucleation and Long-Range Interactions},
  journal = {Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {109--120}
}
@article{dieterich96,
  author = {Dieterich, J. H. and Kilgore, B. D.},
  title = {Imaging surface contacts: {P}ower law contact
                  distributions and contact stresses in quartz,
                  calcite, glass and acrylic plastic},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 256,
  pages = {219--239}
}
@article{dietz61,
  title = {Continent and ocean basin evolution by spreading of
                  the sea floor},
  author = {Dietz, Robert S},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 190,
  pages = {854--857},
  year = 1961
}
@article{digiuseppe07,
  author = {Di Giuseppe, E. and van Hunen, J. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Slab stiffness controls trench motion: insights from
                  numerical models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q02014},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001776}
}
@incollection{dilek98,
  author = {Dilek, Yildirim and Moores, Eldridge M and Furnes,
                  Harald},
  title = {Structure of modern oceanic crust and ophiolites and
                  implications for faulting and magmatism at oceanic
                  spreading centers},
  booktitle = {Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address = {Washington DC},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 106,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {219--266}
}
@article{dimate03,
  author = {C. Dimate and L. Rivera and A. Taboada and
                  B. Delouis and A. Osorio and E. Jimenez and
                  A. Fuenzalida and A. Cisternas and I. Gomez},
  title = {{The 19 January 1995 Tauramena (Colombia)
                  earthquake: geometry and stress regime}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 363,
  pages = {159--180}
}
@article{ditoro04,
  author = {Di Toro, G. and Goldsby, D. L. and T. E. Tullis},
  title = {Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip
                  velocity approaches seismic rates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 427,
  pages = {436--439}
}
@article{ditoro11,
  title = {Fault lubrication during earthquakes},
  author = {Di Toro, Giulio and Han, Raehee and Hirose, Takehiro
                  and De Paola, Nicola and Nielsen, Stefan and
                  Mizoguchi, Kazuo and Ferri, Fabio and Cocco, Massimo
                  and Shimamoto, Tosihiko},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 471,
  pages = {494--498},
  year = 2011
}
@article{dixon03,
  author = {Dixon, T. H. and Norabuena, E. and Hotaling, L.},
  title = {Paleoseismology and {G}lobal {P}ositioning {S}ystem;
                  earthquake-cycle effects and geodetic versus
                  geologic fault slip rates in the {E}astern
                  {C}alifornia shear zone},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {55--58}
}
@article{dixon04,
  author = {Dixon, J. E. and Dixon, T. H. and Bell, D. R. and
                  Malservisi, R.},
  title = {Lateral variations in upper mantle viscosity: role
                  of water},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 222,
  pages = {451--467}
}
@article{dixon91,
  author = {Dixon, T. H.},
  title = {An introduction to the {G}lobal {P}ositioning
                  {S}ystem and some tectonic applications},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {249--276}
}
@article{dixon95,
  title = {Constraints on present-day Basin and Range
                  deformation from space geodesy},
  author = {Dixon, Timothy H and Robaudo, Stefano and Lee,
                  Jeffrey and Reheis, Marith C},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {755--772},
  year = 1995
}
@unpublished{dlese,
  author = {Marlino, M.},
  title = {Digital Library for Earth System Education
                  ({DLESE})},
  note = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research,
                  Boulder CO. Online at \url{www.dlese.org}, accessed
                  06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{dmowska88,
  author = {Dmowska, R. and Rice, J. R. and Lovinson, L. C. and
                  Josell, D.},
  title = {Stress transfer and seismic phenomena in coupled
                  subduction zones during the earthquake cycle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {7869--7884}
}
@article{dmowska92,
  author = {Dmowska, R. and Lovison, L. C.},
  title = {Influence of asperities along subduction interfaces
                  on the stressing and seismicity of adjacent areas},
  journal = {TECTON},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {23--43}
}
@article{dmowska96,
  author = {Dmowska, R. and Zheng, G. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Seismicity and deformation at convergent margins due
                  to heterogeneous coupling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {3015--3029},
  annote = {finite elements, asperities}
}
@article{dobson04,
  author = {Dobson, D. P. and Meredith, P. G. and Boon, S. A.},
  title = {Detection and analysis of microseismicity in multi
                  anvil experiments},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {337--346}
}
@incollection{doglioni05,
  author = {Doglioni, C. and Green, D. and Mongelli, F.},
  title = {On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward
                  drift of the lithosphere},
  booktitle = {Plates, Plumes and Paradigms},
  pages = {735--749},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {Foulger, G. R. and Natland, J. H. and Presnall,
                  D. C. and Anderson, D. L.},
  volume = 388,
  series = {GSA Sp. Paper}
}
@article{doglioni06,
  author = {Doglioni, C. and Carminati, E. and Cuffaro, M.},
  title = {Simple kinematics of subduction zones},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {479--493}
}
@article{doglioni07,
  author = {Doglioni, C. and Carminati, E. and Cuffaro, M. and
                  Scrocca, D.},
  title = {Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {125--175}
}
@article{doglioni90,
  author = {Doglioni, C.},
  title = {The global tectonic pattern},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {21--38}
}
@article{doglioni93,
  title = {Some remarks on the origin of foredeeps},
  author = {Doglioni, Carlo},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 228,
  pages = {1--20},
  year = 1993
}
@article{doglioni94,
  author = {Doglioni, C.},
  title = {Foredeeps versus subduction zones},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {271--274}
}
@article{doglioni97,
  author = {Doglioni, C. and Gueguen, E. and S{\`{a}}bat, F. and
                  Fernandez, M.},
  title = {The western {M}editerranean extensional basins and
                  the {A}lpine orogen},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {109--112}
}
@article{doin96,
  title = {Thermal evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: an
                  alternative view},
  author = {Doin, M-P and Fleitout, L},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 142,
  pages = {121--136},
  year = 1996
}
@article{doin96b,
  author = {Doin, M.-P. and Fleitout, L. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {Geoid anomalies and the structure of continental and
                  oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {16119--16135}
}
@article{dokka90,
  author = {Dokka, R. K. and Travis, C. J.},
  title = {Role of the eastern {C}alifornia shear zone in
                  accomodating {P}acific-{N}orth {A}merican plate
                  motion},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1323--1326}
}
@article{dolan00,
  author = {Dolan, J. F. and Sieh, K. E. and Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {{Late Quaternary activity and seismic potential of
                  the Santa Monica fault system, Los Angeles,
                  California}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 112,
  pages = {1559--1581}
}
@article{dolan07,
  author = {Dolan, J. F. and Bowman, D. D. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {Long-range and long-term fault interactions in
                  {Southern California}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {855-858}
}
@article{dolan16,
  title = {{Extreme multi-millennial slip rate variations on
                  the Garlock fault, California: Strain super-cycles,
                  potentially time-variable fault strength, and
                  implications for system-level earthquake
                  occurrence}},
  author = {Dolan, James F and McAuliffe, Lee J and Rhodes,
                  Edward J and McGill, Sally F and Zinke, Robert},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 446,
  pages = {123--136},
  year = 2016
}
@article{dolan95,
  author = {Dolan, J. F. and Sieh, K. E. and Rockwell, T. K. and
                  Yeats, R. S. and Shaw, J. and Suppe, J. and Huftile,
                  G. J. and Gath, E. M.},
  title = {Prospects for larger or more frequent earthquakes in
                  the {L}os {A}ngeles metropolitan region},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 267,
  pages = {199--205}
}
@article{dolci2016proper,
  title = {Proper orthogonal decomposition as surrogate model
                  for aerodynamic optimization},
  author = {Dolci, Valentina and Arina, Renzo},
  journal = {Int. J. Aerospace Eng.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1--15},
  year = 2016
}
@article{domeier14,
  author = {Domeier, M. and Torsvik, T. H.},
  title = {Plate tectonics in the late {Paleozoic}},
  journal = {Geosc. Front.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {303--350}
}
@article{domeier17,
  author = {Domeier, M. and Shephard, G.E. and Jakob, J. and
                  Gaina, C. and Doubrovine, P.V. and Torsvik, T.H.},
  title = {{Intraoceanic subduction spanned the Pacific in the
                  Late Cretaceous-Paleocene}},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1--6}
}
@article{dominguez00,
  author = {Dominguez, S. and Malavieille, J. and Lallemand,
                  S. E.},
  title = {Deformation of accretionary wedges in response to
                  seamount subduction: {I}nsights from sandbox
                  experiments},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {182--196},
  year = 2000
}
@article{dooley12,
  title = {Analogue modelling of intraplate strike-slip
                  tectonics: A review and new experimental results},
  author = {Dooley, Tim P and Schreurs, Guido},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 574,
  pages = {1--71},
  year = 2012
}
@inproceedings{dorsett19,
  title = {Postseismic deformation and stress evolution
                  following the 2019 {M 7.1 and M 6.4 Ridgecrest
                  earthquakes} (abstract)},
  author = {Dorsett, Jacob and Johnson, Kaj M and Puel, Simone
                  and Becker, Thorsten W},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  number = {{S31G-0500}},
  year = 2019,
  organization = {American Geophysical Unison}
}
@incollection{dorsey02,
  author = {Dorsey, R. J.},
  title = {Stratigraphic record of {P}leistocene initiation and
                  slip on the {C}oyote {C}reek {F}ault, lower {C}oyote
                  {C}reek, Southern {C}alifornia},
  booktitle = {Contributions to crustal evolution of the
                  Southwestern United States},
  pages = {251--269},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2002,
  editor = {Barth, A.},
  series = {Special paper}
}
@inproceedings{dorsey03,
  author = {Dorsey, R. J.},
  title = {Late Pleistocene slip rate on the {C}oachella
                  {V}alley segment of the {S}an {A}ndreas fault and
                  implications for regional slip partitioning
                  (abstract)},
  booktitle = {99th Annual Meeting, Cordilleran Section, Geological
                  Society of America, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico},
  year = 2003,
  month = {April},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America}
}
@article{dorsey12,
  author = {Dorsey, Rebecca J. and Axen, Gary J. and Peryam,
                  Thomas C. and Kairouz, Mary E.},
  title = {{Initiation of the Southern Elsinore Fault at
                  similar to 1.2 Ma: Evidence from the Fish
                  Creek-Vallecito Basin, southern California}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = {{2012}},
  volume = {{31}},
  doi = {10.1029/2011TC003009}
}
@article{doubrovine12,
  author = {Doubrovine, P. V. and Steinberger, B. and Torsvik,
                  T. H.},
  title = {{Absolute plate motions in a reference frame defined
                  by moving hot spots in the Pacific, Atlantic, and
                  Indian oceans}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B09101},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009072}
}
@article{drabon22,
  author = {Drabon, Nadja and Byerly, Benjamin L. and Byerly,
                  Gary R. and Wooden, Joseph L. and Wiedenbeck,
                  Michael and Valley, John W. and Kitajima, Kouki and
                  Bauer, Ann M. and Lowe, Donald R.},
  title = {{Destabilization of long-lived Hadean protocrust and
                  the onset of pervasive hydrous melting at 3.8 Ga}},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {{e2021AV000520}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{dragert01,
  author = {Dragert, H. and Wang, K. and James, T. S.},
  title = {A silent slip event on the deeper {C}ascadia
                  subduction interface},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 292,
  pages = {1525--1528}
}
@article{dragert11,
  title = {Temporal evolution of an episodic tremor and slip
                  event along the northern {C}ascadia margin},
  author = {Dragert, Herb and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B12},
  year = 2011
}
@inbook{drake62,
  author = {Drake, F. D.},
  title = {Life on other planets},
  chapter = {Intelligent life in space},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = 1962,
  address = {New York}
}
@inproceedings{drewes98,
  author = {Drewes, H.},
  title = {Combination of {VLBI}, {SLR} and {GPS} determined
                  station velocities for actual plate kinematic and
                  crustal deformation models},
  booktitle = {Geodynamics},
  year = 1998,
  editor = {Feissel, M.},
  series = {IAG Symposia},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{driscoll14,
  title = {{On the thermal and magnetic histories of Earth and
                  Venus: Influences of melting, radioactivity, and
                  conductivity}},
  author = {Driscoll, P and Bercovici, D},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 236,
  pages = {36--51},
  year = 2014
}
@article{driscoll15,
  title = {Tidal heating of Earth-like exoplanets around M
                  stars: thermal, magnetic, and orbital evolutions},
  author = {Driscoll, PE and Barnes, Rory},
  journal = {Astrobio.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {739--760},
  year = 2015
}
@article{drucker52,
  author = {Drucker, D. C. and Prager, W.},
  title = {Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design},
  journal = {Q. Appl. Math.},
  year = 1952,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {157--165}
}
@article{druken11,
  author = {Druken, K. A. and Long, M. D. and Kincaid, C.},
  title = {{Patterns in seismic anisotropy driven by rollback
                  subduction beneath the High Lava Plains}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L13310},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL047541}
}
@article{druken13,
  author = {Druken, K. A. and Kincaid, C. and Griffiths, R. W.},
  title = {Directions of seismic anisotropy in laboratory
                  models of mantle plumes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  number = 14,
  pages = {3544--3549},
  doi = {10.1002/grl.50671},
  year = 2013
}
@article{druken14,
  title = {Plume--slab interaction: the {Samoa--Tonga} system},
  author = {Druken, KA and Kincaid, Christopher and Griffiths,
                  RW and Stegman, DR and Hart, SR},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 232,
  pages = {1--14},
  year = 2014
}
@article{du95,
  title = {Shear fracture patterns and connectivity at
                  geometric complexities along strike-slip faults},
  author = {Du, Yijun and Aydin, Atilla},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18093--18102},
  year = 1995
}
@article{duan12,
  title = {Dynamic rupture of the {2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki
                  earthquake: R}oles of a possible subducting
                  seamount},
  author = {Duan, Benchun},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  year = 2012,
  number = {B05311},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009124}
}
@article{dublanchet13,
  author = {Dublanchet, Pierre and Bernard, Pascal and Favreau,
                  Pascal},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  pages = {2225--2245},
  title = {Interactions and triggering in a {3-D}
                  rate-and-state asperity model},
  volume = 118,
  year = 2013
}
@article{dublanchet19,
  author = {Dublanchet, Pierre},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  pages = {11950--11958},
  title = {Scaling and Variability of Interacting Repeating
                  Earthquake Sequences Controlled by Asperity Density},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2019
}
@article{dubuffet99,
  author = {Dubuffet, F. and Yuen, D. A. and Rabinowicz, M.},
  title = {Effects of a realistic mantle thermal conductivity
                  on the patterns of 3-{D} convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {401--409}
}
@article{ducea15,
  author = {Ducea, M. N. and Saleeby, J. B. and Bergantz, G.},
  title = {The architecture, chemistry, and evolution of
                  continental magmatic arcs},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {299--331}
}
@article{ducea16,
  author = {Ducea, M. N.},
  title = {Understanding continental subduction: A work in
                  progress},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {239--240}
}
@article{duclos05,
  author = {Duclos, M. and Savage, M. K. and Tommasi, A. and
                  Gledhill, K. R.},
  title = {{Mantle tectonics beneath New Zealand inferred from
                  SKS splittingand petrophysics}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {760--774}
}
@article{duffy92,
  author = {Duffy, T. S. and Ahrens, T. J.},
  title = {Sound velocities at high pressure and temperature
                  and their geophysical implications},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {4503--4520}
}
@article{dugdale60,
  title = {Yielding of steel sheets containing slits},
  author = {Dugdale, Donald S},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {100--104},
  year = 1960
}
@article{duggen09,
  author = {S. Duggen and K.A. Hoernle and F. Hauff and
                  A. Kl{\"{u}}gel and M. Bouabdellah and
                  M. F. Thirlwall},
  title = {Flow of {C}anary mantle plume material through a
                  subcontinental lithospheric corridor beneath
                  {A}frica to the {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {283–-286}
}
@article{dumoulin01,
  author = {Dumoulin, C. and Doin, M.-P. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of the cooling of an oceanic
                  lithosphere above a convective mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {45--64}
}
@article{dumoulin98,
  author = {Dumoulin, C. and Bercovici, D. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {A continuous plate-tectonic model using geophysical
                  data to estimate plate-margin widths, with a
                  seismicity-based example},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {379--389}
}
@incollection{duncan85,
  author = {Duncan, R. A. and Clague, D. A.},
  title = {{The Pacific Ocean}},
  booktitle = {The Ocean Basins and Margins},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = 1985,
  editor = {Nairn, A. E. M. and Stehli, F. L. and Uyeda, S.},
  volume = {7A},
  pages = {89--121}
}
@article{duncan91,
  title = {Hotspots, mantle plumes, flood basalts, and true
                  polar wander},
  author = {Duncan, Robert A and Richards, MA},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {31--50},
  year = 1991
}
@article{dunham11,
  author = {Dunham, E. M. and Belanger, D. and Cong, L. and
                  Kozdon, J. E.},
  title = {Earthquake ruptures with strongly rate-weakening
                  friction and off-fault plasticity, Part 2: Nonplanar
                  faults},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {2308--2322}
}
@article{dunham20,
  author = {Dunham, E. M. and Thomas, A. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Cattania, C. and Hawthorne, J. and Hubbard, J. and
                  Lotto, G. C. and Olive, J.-A. and Platt, J.},
  title = {{Modeling Collaboratory for Subduction RCN
                  Megathrust Modeling Workshop report}},
  journal = {EarthArXiv},
  year = 2020,
  doi = {10.31223/X5730M}
}
@article{dunn03,
  title = {{Imaging the transition between the region of mantle
                  melt generation and the crustal magma chamber
                  beneath the southern East Pacific Rise with
                  short-period Love waves}},
  author = {Dunn, Robert A and Forsyth, Donald W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = {B7},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002217},
  year = 2003
}
@article{dupre83,
  author = {Dupre, B. and All{\`e}gre, C. J.},
  title = {Pb-{S}r isotope variation in {I}ndian {O}cean
                  basalts and mixing phenomena},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {142--146}
}
@article{duque-caro90,
  author = {Duque-Caro, H.},
  title = {{The Choco Block in the northwestern corner of South
                  America: structural, tectonostratigraphic, and
                  paleogeographic implications}},
  journal = {J.  South Am. Earth Sci.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {71--84}
}
@article{durek96,
  title = {A radial model of anelasticity consistent with
                  long-period surface-wave attenuation},
  author = {Durek, Joseph J and Ekstr{\"o}m, G{\"o}ran},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 86,
  pages = {144--158},
  year = 1996
}
@article{duret10,
  title = {Surface wave dispersion across {T}ibet: Direct
                  evidence for radial anisotropy in the crust},
  author = {Duret, Florian and Shapiro, Nikolai M and Cao, Z and
                  Levin, V and Molnar, P and Roecker, S},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 37,
  number = {L16306},
  year = 2010,
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL043811}
}
@article{duretz11,
  title = {Numerical modelling of spontaneous slab breakoff and
                  subsequent topographic response},
  author = {Duretz, Thibault and Gerya, Taras V and May, Dave A},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 502,
  pages = {244--256},
  year = 2011
}
@article{duretz12,
  title = {Dynamics of slab detachment},
  author = {Duretz, T and Schmalholz, SM and Gerya, TV},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q03020},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC004024},
  year = 2012
}
@article{duretz19,
  author = {Duretz, Thibault and de Borst, René and Le Pourhiet,
                  Laetitia},
  title = {Finite Thickness of Shear Bands in Frictional
                  Viscoplasticity and Implications for Lithosphere
                  Dynamics},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {5598--5616},
  year = 2019
}
@article{duretz21,
  title = {Modeling Lithospheric Deformation Using a
                  Compressible Visco-Elasto-Viscoplastic Rheology and
                  the Effective Viscosity Approach},
  author = {Duretz, Thibault and de Borst, Ren{\'e} and Yamato,
                  Philippe},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 22,
  number = 8,
  pages = {{e2021GC009675}},
  year = 2021
}
@book{dutoit37,
  author = {du Toit, A. L.},
  title = {{Our Wandering Continents. An Hypothesis of
                  Continental Drifting.}},
  publisher = {Oliver \& Boyd},
  year = 1937,
  address = {London}
}
@article{dvorkin93,
  author = {Dvorkin, J. and Nur, A. and Mavko, G. and
                  Ben-Avraham, Z.},
  title = {Narrow subducting slabs and the origin of backarc
                  basins},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 227,
  pages = {63--79}
}
@article{dymkova13,
  title = {Porous fluid flow enables oceanic subduction
                  initiation on Earth},
  author = {Dymkova, D and Gerya, Taras},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {5671--5676},
  year = 2013
}
@inproceedings{dziewonski00,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Global seismic tomography: past, present and future},
  booktitle = {Problems in Geophysics for the New Millenium},
  pages = {289--349},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Boschi, E. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Morelli, A.},
  address = {Bologna, Italy},
  organization = {Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia},
  publisher = {Editrice Compositori}
}
@article{dziewonski10,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and V. Lekic and
                  B. A. Romanowicz},
  title = {Mantle Anchor Structure: {A}n argument for bottom up
                  tectonics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 299,
  pages = {69--79}
}
@article{dziewonski77,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Hager, B. H. and
                  O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Large scale heterogeneity in the lower mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {239--255}
}
@article{dziewonski81,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Preliminary reference {E}arth model},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {297--356}
}
@article{dziewonski81b,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Chou, T.-A. and
                  Woodhouse, J. H},
  title = {Determination of earthquake source parameters from
                  waveform data for studies of global and regional
                  seismicity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {2825--2852}
}
@article{dziewonski84,
  author = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Mapping the lower mantle: determination of lateral
                  heterogeneity in {P} velocity up to degree and order
                  6},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {5929--5952}
}
@article{eakin18,
  author = {Eakin, C. M. and Rychert, C. A. and Harmon, N.},
  title = {{The role of oceanic transform faults in seafloor
                  spreading: A global perspective from seismic
                  anisotropy}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {1736--1751},
  doi = {10.1002/2017JB015176}
}
@article{eaton09,
  author = {Eaton, D. and Darbyshire, F. and Evans, R. L. and
                  Gr{\"{u}}tter, H. and Jones, A. G. and Yuan, X.},
  title = {{The elusive lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
                  (LAB) beneath cratons}},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 109,
  pages = {1--22}
}
@article{eberhart-phillips08,
  author = {Eberhart-Phillips, D. and Reyners, M. and Chadwick,
                  M.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional attenuation structure of the
                  Hikurangi subduction zone in the central North
                  Island, New Zealand}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {418--434}
}
@article{eberhart-phillips17,
  title = {{Deciphering the 3-D distribution of fluid along the
                  shallow Hikurangi subduction zone using P-and S-wave
                  attenuation}},
  author = {Eberhart-Phillips, Donna and Bannister, Stephen and
                  Reyners, Martin},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 211,
  pages = {1032--1045},
  year = 2017
}
@article{eberhart86,
  author = {Eberhart-Phillips, D.},
  title = {Three dimensional velocity structure in the
                  {N}orthern {C}alifornia {C}oast {R}anges from
                  inversion of local earthquake arrival times},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {1025--1052}
}
@article{ebinger17,
  title = {{Crustal structure of active deformation zones in
                  Africa: Implications for global crustal processes}},
  author = {Ebinger, CJ and Keir, D and Bastow, ID and Whaler, K
                  and Hammond, JOS and Ayele, A and Miller, MS and
                  Tiberi, Christel and Hautot, S},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {3298--3332},
  year = 2017
}
@incollection{ebinger21,
  author = {Ebinger, Cynthia J},
  title = {{Recipe for rifting: Flavors of East Africa}},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Geology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2021,
  pages = {271--283},
  edition = 2
}
@article{ebinger24,
  title = {{Shallow sources of upper mantle seismic anisotropy
                  in East Africa}},
  author = {Ebinger, CJ and Reiss, Miriam C and Bastow, Ian and
                  Karanja, Mary M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 625,
  pages = 118488,
  year = 2024
}
@article{ebinger98,
  author = {Ebinger, C. J. and Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Cenozoic magmatism throughout east {A}frica
                  resulting from impact of a single plume},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 395,
  pages = {788--791}
}
@article{eckmann81,
  author = {Eckmann, J.-P.},
  title = {Roads to turbulence in dissipative dynamical
                  systems},
  journal = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {643--654}
}
@article{edelson98,
  author = {Edelson, D. C. and Gordin, D.},
  title = {Visualization for Learners: {A} framework for
                  adapting scientists' tools},
  journal = {Comp. Geosci.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {607--616}
}
@article{eder66,
  title = {Terrestrial neutrinos},
  author = {Eder, Gernot},
  journal = {Nucl. Phys.},
  volume = 78,
  pages = {657--662},
  year = 1966
}
@article{efron81,
  author = {Efron, B. and Stein, C.},
  title = {The Jackknife Estimate of Variance},
  journal = {Annals Stat.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {586--596}
}
@book{efron82,
  title = {The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling
                  plans},
  author = {Efron, Bradley},
  year = 1982,
  address = {Philadelphia, PA},
  publisher = {SIAM}
}
@article{egbue10,
  author = {Egbue, O. and J. Kellogg},
  title = {Pleistocene to Present North {A}ndean ``escape''},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 489,
  pages = {248-–257}
}
@article{ehlers05,
  title = {Crustal thermal processes and the interpretation of
                  thermochronometer data},
  author = {Ehlers, Todd A},
  journal = {Rev. Mineral. Geochem.},
  volume = 58,
  pages = {315--350},
  year = 2005
}
@article{ekman96,
  title = {{A consistent map of the postglacial uplift of
                  Fennoscandia}},
  author = {Ekman, Martin},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {158--165},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{ekstroem00,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Global studies of earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Problems in Geophysics for the New Millenium},
  pages = {111--123},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Boschi, E. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Morelli, A.},
  address = {Bologna, Italy},
  organization = {Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia},
  publisher = {Editrice Compositori}
}
@article{ekstroem01,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Mapping Azimuthal Anisotropy of Intermediate-Period
                  Surface Waves (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {S51E-06}
}
@article{ekstroem06,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {A simple method of representing azimuthal anisotropy
                  on a sphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {668--671}
}
@article{ekstroem09,
  author = {G. Ekstr{\"{o}}m and G. A. Abers and S. C. Webb},
  title = {{Determination of surface-wave phase velocities
                  across USArray from noise and Aki's spectral
                  formulation}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L18301},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL039131}
}
@article{ekstroem12,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Nettles, M. and Dziewonski,
                  A. M.},
  title = {The global {CMT} project 2004-2010:
                  {C}entroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 200,
  pages = {1--9}
}
@article{ekstroem94,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Anomalous earthquakes on volcano ring-fault
                  structures},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 128,
  pages = {707--712}
}
@article{ekstroem97,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Tromp, J. and Larson, E.},
  title = {Measurements and global models of surface wave
                  propagation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {8137--8157}
}
@article{ekstroem98,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {The unique anisotropy of the {P}acific upper mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 394,
  pages = {168--172}
}
@article{ekstrom11,
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {A global model of {L}ove and {R}ayleigh surface wave
                  dispersion and anisotropy, 25--250~s},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 187,
  pages = {1668--1686}
}
@article{el-isa14,
  author = {El-Isa, Z. H. and Eaton, D. W.},
  title = {Spatiotemporal variations in the b-value of
                  earthquake magnitude-frequency distributions:
                  {C}lassification and causes},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 615,
  pages = {1--11}
}
@incollection{elliott04,
  author = {Elliott, T.},
  title = {Tracers of the slab},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  pages = {23--46},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2003,
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@incollection{ellsworth81,
  author = {Ellsworth, W. L. and A. G. Lindh and W. H. Prescott
                  and D. J. Herd},
  title = {The 1906 {San Francisco} Earthquake and the seismic
                  cycle},
  booktitle = {Earthquake Prediction, an International Review},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {Simpson, D. and Richards, P.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Maurice Ewing},
  pages = {126--140},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@book{elman05,
  author = {Elman, H. C. and Silvester, D. J. and Wathen, A. J.},
  title = {Finite Elements and fast Iterative Solvers with
                  Applications in Incompressible Fluid Dynamics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 2005,
  note = {IFISS Matlab software available online at
                  \url{www.maths.manchester.ac.uk/~djs/ifiss/},
                  accessed 06/2006}
}
@incollection{elmer96,
  author = {Elmer, F.-J.},
  title = {Is {S}elf-{O}rganized {C}riticality possible in dry
                  friction?},
  booktitle = {Physics of sliding friction},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic},
  year = 1996,
  editor = {Persson, B. N. J. and Tosatti, E.},
  pages = {433--447},
  address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
}
@article{elosegui95,
  author = {El{\'{o}}segui, P. and Davis, J. L. and Jaldehag,
                  R. T. K. and Johansson, J. M. and Niell, A. E. and
                  Shapiro, I. I},
  title = {{Geodesy using the Global Positioning System: The
                  effects of signal scattering on estimates of site
                  position}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {9921--9934}
}
@incollection{elsasser69,
  author = {Elsasser, W. M.},
  title = {Convection and stress propagation in the upper
                  mantle},
  booktitle = {The Application of Modern Physics to the Earth and
                  Planetary Interiors},
  pages = {223--249},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = 1969,
  editor = {Runcorn, S. K.},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{ely10,
  author = {Ely, K. and Sandiford, M.},
  title = {{Seismic response to slab rupture and variation in
                  lithospheric structure beneath the Savu Sea,
                  Indonesia}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 483,
  pages = {112--124}
}
@article{endrun08,
  author = {Endrun, B. and Meier, T. and Lebedev, S. and
                  Bohnhoff, M. and Stavrakakis, G. and Harjes, H.-P.},
  title = {S velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the
                  {A}egean region from surface wave dispersion},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {593--616}
}
@article{endrun11,
  author = {Endrun, B. and Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. and Tirel,
                  C. and Friederich, W.},
  title = {Complex layered deformation within the {Aegean}
                  crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {203--207}
}
@article{eneva97a,
  author = {Eneva, M. and Y. Ben-Zion},
  title = {Techniques and parameters to analyze seismicity
                  patterns associated with large earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {17785--17795}
}
@article{eneva97b,
  author = {Eneva, M. and Y. Ben-Zion},
  title = {Application of pattern recognition techniques to
                  earthquake catalogs generated by models of segmented
                  fault systems in three-dimensional elastic solids},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {24513--24528}
}
@article{engdahl98,
  author = {Engdahl, E. R. and {van der Hilst}, R. D. and
                  Buland, R.},
  title = {Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with
                  improved travel times and procedures for depth
                  determination},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {722--743}
}
@article{engebretson85,
  author = {Engebretson, D. C. and Cox, A. and Gordon, R. G},
  title = {Relative motions between oceanic and continental
                  plates in the {P}acific basin},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 206
}
@article{engelder74,
  author = {J. T. Engelder},
  title = {Microscopic Wear Grooves on Slickensides: Indicators
                  of Paleosesimicity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {4387--4392}
}
@article{engelder76a,
  author = {Engelder, J. T. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {The role of asperity indentation and ploughing in
                  rock friction; I, Asperity creep and stick-slip.},
  journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {149--154}
}
@article{engelder76b,
  author = {Engelder, J. T. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {The role of asperity indentation and ploughing in
                  rock friction; II, Influence of relative hardness
                  and normal load},
  journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {155--163}
}
@article{england04,
  author = {England, P. and Engdahl, R. and Thatcher, W.},
  title = {Systematic variation in the depths of slabs beneath
                  arc volcanoes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {377--408}
}
@article{england04b,
  author = {England, P. and Wilkins, C.},
  title = {A simple analytical approximation to the temperature
                  structure in subduction zones},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {1138--1154}
}
@article{england05,
  author = {England, P. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {{Late Quaternary to decadal velocity fields in
                  Asia}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B12401},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003541}
}
@article{england07,
  title = {{Kelvin, Perry and the Age of the Earth: Had
                  scientists better appreciated one of Kelvin's
                  contemporary critics, the theory of continental
                  drift might have been accepted decades earlier}},
  author = {England, Philip C and Molnar, Peter and Richter,
                  Frank M},
  journal = {American scientist},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {342--349},
  year = 2007
}
@article{england10,
  author = {England, P. C. and Katz, R. F.},
  title = {Melting above the anhydrous solidus controls the
                  location of volcanic arcs},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 467,
  pages = {700--703}
}
@article{england21,
  author = {England, P. C. and May, D. A.},
  title = {The Global Range of Temperatures on Convergent Plate
                  Interfaces},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2021,
  doi = {10.1029/2021GC009849}
}
@article{england23,
  author = {England, P. C. and Smye, A. J.},
  title = {Metamorphism and deformation on subduction
                  interfaces: {1.} {P}hysical framework},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {e2022GC010644}
}
@article{england82,
  author = {England, P. C. and McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {A thin viscous sheet model for continental
                  deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 70,
  pages = {295--321}
}
@article{england83,
  author = {England, P. C. and McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {Correction to a thin viscous sheet model for the
                  continental deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {523--532}
}
@article{england84,
  title = {{Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional
                  metamorphism I. Heat transfer during the evolution
                  of regions of thickened continental crust}},
  author = {England, Philip C and Thompson, Alan Bruce},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {894--928},
  year = 1984
}
@article{england85,
  author = {England, P. and Houseman, G. and Sonder, L.},
  title = {Length scales for continental deformation in
                  convergent, divergent, and strike-slip environments:
                  analytical and approximate solutions for a thin
                  viscous sheet model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {3551--3557}
}
@article{england86,
  author = {England, P. C. and Houseman, G. A.},
  title = {Finite Strain calculations of continental
                  deformation {II}. {C}omparison with the
                  {I}ndia-{A}sia collision zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {3664--3676}
}
@article{england89,
  author = {England, P. C. and Jackson, J.},
  title = {Active deformation of the continents},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {197--226}
}
@article{england90,
  title = {Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of
                  rocks},
  author = {England, Philip and Molnar, Peter},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1173--1177},
  year = 1990
}
@article{england97,
  author = {England, P. C. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Active deformation of {A}sia: from kinematics to
                  dynamics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 278,
  pages = {647--650}
}
@article{english03,
  author = {English, J. M. and Johston, S. T. and Wang, K.},
  title = {{Thermal modelling of the Laramide orogeny: testing
                  the flat-slab subduction hypothesis}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 214,
  pages = {619--632}
}
@article{enns05,
  author = {Enns, A. and Becker, T. W. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {The dynamics of subduction and trench migration for
                  viscosity stratification},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 160,
  pages = {761--775},
  year = 2005
}
@misc{epos17,
  author = {{EPOS}},
  title = {{The GEO Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratory
                  initiative}},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.epos-ip.org/geo-geohazard-supersites-and-natural-laboratory-initiative},
                  accessed 10/2017},
  year = 2017
}
@misc{epos17b,
  author = {{EPOS}},
  title = {{EPOS, the European Plate Observing System. European
                  Infrastructure on Solid Earth}},
  note = {Available online at \url{www.epos-ip.org}, accessed
                  10/2017},
  year = 2017
}
@article{erdhos21,
  title = {The Role of Subduction Interface and Upper Plate
                  Strength on Back-Arc Extension: {A}pplication to
                  {M}editerranean Back-Arc Basins},
  author = {Erd{\H{o}}s, Zolt{\'a}n and Huismans, Ritske S and
                  Faccenna, Claudio and Wolf, Sebastian G},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {{e2021TC006795}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{erdhos22,
  title = {Wide Versus Narrow Back-Arc Rifting: {C}ontrol of
                  Subduction Velocity and Convective Back-Arc
                  Thinning},
  author = {Erd{\H{o}}s, Zolt{\'a}n and Huismans, Ritske S and
                  Faccenna, Claudio},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 41,
  number = 6,
  pages = {{e2021TC007086}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{erdman13,
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of the crust:
                  electron-backscatter diffraction measurements from
                  the {Basin and Range}},
  author = {Erdman, Monica E and Hacker, Bradley R and Zandt,
                  George and Seward, Gareth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 195,
  number = 2,
  pages = {1211--1229},
  year = 2013
}
@article{erickson11,
  title = {{Periodicity, chaos and localization in a
                  Burridge--Knopoff model of an earthquake with
                  rate-and-state friction}},
  author = {Erickson, B. A. and Birnir, B. and Lavall{\'e}e, D.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 187,
  pages = {178--198},
  year = 2011
}
@article{erickson20,
  author = {Brittany A. Erickson and Junle Jiang and Michael
                  Barall and Nadia Lapusta and Eric M. Dunham and Ruth
                  Harris and Lauren S. Abrahams and Kali L. Allison
                  and Jean-Paul Ampuero and Sylvain Barbot and Camilla
                  Cattania and Ahmed Elbanna and Yuri Fialko and
                  Benjamin Idini and Jeremy E. Kozdon and Val{\'{e}}re
                  Lambert and Yajing Liu and Yingdi Luo and Xiao Ma
                  and Maricela Best McKay and Paul Segall and
                  Pengcheng Shi and Martijn van den Ende and Meng Wei},
  title = {Community Code Verification Exercise for Simulating
                  Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip {(SEAS)}},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {874--890}
}
@book{ernst14,
  author = {Ernst, R. E.},
  title = {Large Igneous Provinces},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2014
}
@article{ernst99,
  title = {{Overview of UHP metamorphism and tectonics in
                  well-studied collisional orogens}},
  author = {Ernst, WG and Liou, JG},
  journal = {Int. Geol. Rev.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {477--493},
  year = 1999
}
@article{ershov04,
  title = {{Recent geodynamics of the Caucasus-Arabia-east
                  Africa region}},
  author = {Ershov, AV and Nikishin, AM},
  journal = {Geotectonics},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {123--136},
  year = 2004
}
@article{eshelby57,
  title = {The determination of the elastic field of an
                  ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems},
  author = {Eshelby, John Douglas},
  journal = {Proc. Royal Soc. London. A. Math. Phys. Sci.},
  volume = 241,
  pages = {376--396},
  year = 1957
}
@manual{esi_rfp15,
  title = {Earth Surface and Interior Solicication
                  NNH15ZDA001N-ESI},
  author = {{NASA-ESI}},
  organization = {NASA},
  year = 2015,
  note = {{A.25} Earth Surface and Interior as amended,
                  Available online at
                  \url{nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument?cmdocumentid=448056&solicitationId={AFD18323-7FFD-D19B-AD6C-3A780AD09CEE}&viewSolicitationDocument=1},
                  accessed 08/2015}
}
@article{eskola15,
  title = {On the relations between the chemical and
                  mineralogical composition in the metamorphic rocks
                  of {O}rijarvi region},
  author = {Eskola, Pentti},
  journal = {Bull. comm. g{\'e}ol. Finlande},
  volume = 44,
  year = 1915
}
@article{eskola1949,
  author = {Eskola, P.E.},
  title = {The problem of mantled gneiss domes},
  journal = {Geolog. Soc.  London Quarterly J.},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {461-476},
  year = 1949
}
@article{espanol94,
  author = {Espanol, P.},
  title = {Propagative slipping modes in a spring-block model},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {227--235}
}
@article{espurt08,
  author = {Espurt, N. and Funiciello, F. and Martinod, J. and
                  Guillaume, B. and Regard, V. and Faccenna, C. and
                  Brusset, S.},
  title = {{Flat subduction dynamics and deformation of the
                  South American plate: Insights from analog
                  modeling}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 27,
  number = {TC3011},
  pages = {10.1029/2007TC002175}
}
@article{estey86,
  author = {Estey, L. H. and Douglas, B. J.},
  title = {Upper mantle anisotropy: a preliminary model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {11393--11406}
}
@book{etopo2,
  author = {{NOAA}},
  title = {2-minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2v2)},
  publisher = {U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
                  Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical
                  Data Center},
  year = 2006,
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  note = {\url{www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/fliers/06mgg01.html},
                  accessed 01/2013}
}
@book{etopo5,
  author = {{NOAA}},
  title = {Data Announcement {88-MGG-02}, Digital relief of the
                  Surface of the Earth},
  publisher = {National Geophysical Data Center},
  year = 1988,
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  note = {\url{www.ngdc.noaa.gov}}
}
@book{etopo5wourl,
  author = {{NOAA}},
  title = {Data Announcement {88-MGG-02}, Digital relief of the
                  Surface of the Earth},
  publisher = {National Geophysical Data Center},
  year = 1988,
  address = {Boulder, Colorado}
}
@inproceedings{evans00,
  author = {Evans, J. P. and Z. K. Shipton and M. A. Pachell and
                  S. J. Lim and K. Robeson},
  title = {The structure and composition of exhumed faults and
                  their implication for seismic processes},
  booktitle = {3rd Conference on Tectonics Problems of the San
                  Andreas system},
  year = 2000,
  publisher = {Stanford University}
}
@article{evans01,
  title = {A few remarks on the kinetics of static grain growth
                  in rocks},
  author = {Evans, B and Renner, J and Hirth, G},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {88--103},
  year = 2001
}
@article{evans03,
  title = {True polar wander and supercontinents},
  author = {Evans, David AD},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 362,
  pages = {303--320},
  year = 2003
}
@article{evans06,
  author = {Evans, M. S. and Kendall, J.-M. and Willemann,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Automated {SKS} splitting and upper-mantle
                  anisotropy beneath {C}anadian seismic stations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 165,
  pages = {931--942},
  year = 2006
}
@unpublished{evans06b,
  author = {Evans, M. S. and Kendall, J.-M. and Willemann,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Automated Splitting Project database},
  note = {Online at \url{www.isc.ac.uk/SKS/}, accessed
                  02/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@incollection{evans08,
  author = {Evans, David AD and Pisarevsky, Sergei A},
  title = {{Plate tectonics on early Earth? Weighing the
                  paleomagnetic evidence}},
  booktitle = {When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth?},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2008,
  editor = {Condie, K. C. and Pease, V.},
  volume = 440,
  pages = {249--263}
}
@article{evans15,
  title = {Total variation regularization of geodetically and
                  geologically constrained block models for the
                  Western United States},
  author = {Evans, Eileen L and Loveless, John P and Meade,
                  Brendan J},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 202,
  pages = {713--727},
  year = 2015
}
@article{evans16,
  title = {{Persistent slip rate discrepancies in the eastern
                  California (USA) shear zone}},
  author = {Evans, Eileen L and Thatcher, Wayne R and Pollitz,
                  Fred F and Murray, Jessica R},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {691--694},
  year = 2016
}
@incollection{evans93,
  author = {Evans, J. R. and Achauer, U.},
  title = {{Teleseismic velocity tomography using the ACH
                  method: theory and application to continental-scale
                  studies}},
  booktitle = {Seismic Tomography: Theory and Applications},
  pages = {319--360},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
  year = 1993,
  address = {London}
}
@incollection{ewart82,
  author = {Ewart, A.},
  title = {{The Mineralogy and Petrology of Tertiary-Recent
                  Orogenic Volcanic Rocks: With a Special Reference to
                  the Andesitic-Basaltic Compositional Range}},
  booktitle = {{Andesites: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks}},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = 1982,
  editor = {Thorpe, R.S.},
  pages = {25--95},
  address = {Chichester}
}
@misc{exo_archive22,
  author = {{NASA Exoplanet Archive}},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/}, accessed
                  12/2022},
  year = 2022,
  doi = {10.26133/NEA12}
}
@article{faccenda08,
  author = {Faccenda, M. and Burlini, L. and Gerya, T. and
                  Mainprince, D.},
  title = {Fault-induced seismic anisotropy by hydration in
                  subducting oceanic plates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 455,
  pages = {1097--1101}
}
@article{faccenda10,
  author = {Faccenda, M. and Mancktelow, N.},
  title = {Fluid flow during unbending: {I}mplications for slab
                  hydration, intermediate-depth earthquakes and deep
                  fluid subduction},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 494,
  pages = {149--154}
}
@article{faccenda13,
  author = {Faccenda, M. and Capitanio, F. A.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy around subduction zones: Insights
                  from three-dimensional modeling of upper mantle
                  deformation and {SKS} splitting calculations},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004451}
}
@article{faccenna00,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Funiciello, F. and Giardini, D. and
                  Lucente, P.},
  title = {Why did {S}ardinia stop rotating?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 2,
  pages = 16
}
@article{faccenna01,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Lucente,
                  F. P. and Jolivet, L. and Rossetti, F.},
  title = {History of Subduction and Back-arc Extension in the
                  Central {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {809--820}
}
@article{faccenna01b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Funiciello, F. and Giardini, D. and
                  Lucente, P. },
  title = {Episodic back-arc extension during restricted mantle
                  convection in the {C}entral {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 187,
  pages = {105--116}
}
@article{faccenna03,
  title = {Subduction and the depth of convection in the
                  {M}editerranean mantle},
  author = {Faccenna, Claudio and Jolivet, Laurent and
                  Piromallo, Claudia and Morelli, Andrea},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001690},
  number = {B2},
  year = 2003
}
@article{faccenna04,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Piromallo, C. and Crespo Blanc,
                  A. and Jolivet, L. and Rossetti, F.},
  title = {Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the arcs
                  of the western {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 23,
  number = {TC1012},
  doi = {10.1029/2002TC001488}
}
@article{faccenna05,
  title = {Constraints on mantle circulation around the
                  deforming {C}alabrian slab},
  author = {Faccenna, Claudio and Civetta, Lucia and D'Antonio,
                  Massimo and Funiciello, Francesca and Margheriti,
                  Lucia and Piromallo, Claudia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 32,
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL021874},
  number = {L06311},
  year = 2005
}
@article{faccenna06,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Bellier, O. and Martinod, J. and
                  Piromallo, C. and Regard, V.},
  title = {Slab detachment beneath eastern {A}natolia: A
                  possible cause for the formation of the {North
                  Anatolian} fault},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 242,
  pages = {85--97}
}
@article{faccenna07,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Heuret, A. and Funiciello, F. and
                  Lallemand, S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Predicting trench and plate motion from the dynamics
                  of a strong slab},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 257,
  pages = {29--36}
}
@article{faccenna07b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Rossetti, F. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Danesi, S. and Morelli, A},
  title = {{Recent extension driven by mantle upwelling at
                  craton edge beneath the Admirality Mountains (Ross
                  Sea, East Antarctica)}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 27,
  doi = {10.1029/2007TC002197},
  year = 2008
}
@article{faccenna09b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Di Giuseppe, E. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Lallemand, S. and van Hunen, J.},
  title = {Control of seafloor aging on the migration of the
                  {Izu-Bonin-Mariana} trench},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 288,
  pages = {386--398}
}
@article{faccenna10,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Shaping mobile belts by small-scale convection},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 465,
  pages = {602--605}
}
@article{faccenna10b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Lallemand, S. and
                  Lagabrielle, Y. and Funiciello, F. and Piromallo,
                  C.},
  title = {Subduction-triggered magmatic pulses. {A} new class
                  of plumes?},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 209,
  pages = {54--68}
}
@article{faccenna12,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and T. W. Becker and S. Lallemand and
                  B. Steinberger},
  title = {{On the role of slab pull in the Cenozoic motion of
                  the Pacific plate}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L03305},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL050155}
}
@article{faccenna13,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Jolivet, L. and
                  Keskin, M.},
  title = {{Mantle convection in the Middle East: Reconciling
                  Afar upwelling, Arabia indentation and Aegean trench
                  rollback}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {254--269}
}
@article{faccenna13b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Conrad, C. P. and
                  Husson, L.},
  title = {Mountain building and mantle dynamics},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {80--93},
  year = 2013
}
@article{faccenna14,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Miller, M. S. and
                  Serpelloni, E. and Willett, S. D.},
  title = {Isostasy, dynamic topography, and the elevation of
                  the {Apennines of Italy}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 407,
  pages = {163--174}
}
@article{faccenna14b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W. and Auer, L. and
                  Billi, A. and Boschi, L. and Brun, J.-P. and
                  Capitanio, F. A. and Funiciello, F. and Horvath,
                  F. and Jolivet, L. and Piromallo, C. and Royden,
                  L. and Rossetti, F. and Serpelloni, E.},
  title = {Mantle dynamics in the {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {283--332}
}
@article{faccenna17,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Oncken, O. and Holt, A. F. and
                  Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Initiation of the {A}ndean orogeny by lower mantle
                  subduction},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 463,
  pages = {189--201},
  year = 2017
}
@article{faccenna18,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Holt, A. F. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Lallemand, S. and Royden, L. H.},
  title = {{Dynamics of the Ryukyu/Izu-Bonin-Marianas double
                  subduction system}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 746,
  pages = {229--238}
}
@article{faccenna20,
  title = {Topographic expressions of mantle dynamics in the
                  {M}editerranean},
  author = {Faccenna, Claudio and Becker, Thorsten W},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 209,
  doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103327},
  year = 2020
}
@article{faccenna21,
  title = {Mountain building, mantle convection, and
                  supercontinents: Holmes (1931) revisited},
  author = {Faccenna, Claudio and Becker, Thorsten W. and Holt,
                  Adam F. and Brun, Jean Pierre},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 564,
  pages = 116905,
  year = 2021
}
@article{faccenna96,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Davy, P. and Brun, J.-P. and
                  Funiciello, R. and Giardini, D. and Mattei, M. and
                  Nalpas, T.},
  title = {The dynamics of back-arc extension: an experimental
                  approach to the opening of the {T}yrrhenian {S}ea},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {781--795}
}
@article{faccenna97,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Mattei, M. and Funiciello, R. and
                  Jolivet, L.},
  title = {Styles of back-arc extension in the {C}entral
                  {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {126--130}
}
@incollection{faccenna98b,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Initiation of subduction in the {M}editerranean
                  (abstract)},
  booktitle = {EGS meeting, Annalae Geophysicae},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
  volume = 16,
  year = 1998,
  address = {Nice}
}
@article{faccenna99,
  author = {Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D. and Davy, P. and
                  Argentieri, A.},
  title = {Initiation of subduction at {A}tlantic type margins:
                  {I}nsights from laboratory experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {2749--2766},
  year = 1999
}
@article{fagereng10,
  title = {Melange rheology and seismic style},
  author = {Fagereng, {\AA}ke and Sibson, Richard H},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {751--754},
  year = 2010
}
@article{fagereng14,
  title = {Brittle-viscous deformation, slow slip, and tremor},
  author = {Fagereng, {\AA}ke and Hillary, Graeme WB and Diener,
                  Johann FA},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {4159--4167},
  year = 2014
}
@article{fagereng19,
  title = {{Mixed deformation styles observed on a shallow
                  subduction thrust, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand}},
  author = {{\AA}. Fagereng and H.M. Savage and J.K. Morgan and
                  M. Wang and F. Meneghini and P.M. Barnes and R. Bell
                  and H. Kitajima and D.D. McNamara and D.M. Saffer
                  and L.M. Wallace and K. Petronotis and L. LeVay and
                  {the IODP Expedition 372/375 Scientists}},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {872--876},
  year = 2019
}
@article{fang13,
  author = {Fang, Zijun and Dunham, Eric M.},
  title = {Additional shear resistance from fault roughness and
                  stress levels on geometrically complex faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {3642--3654},
  year = 2013
}
@incollection{fantozzi00,
  author = {G. Fantozzi and J. Chevalier and C. Olagnon and
                  J. L. Chermant},
  title = {Creep of ceramic matrix composites},
  booktitle = {Comprehensive Composite Materials},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {115--162}
}
@article{farber05,
  author = {Farber, D. L. and Hancock, G. S. and Finkel,
                  R. C. and Rodbell, D. T.},
  title = {{The age and extent of tropical alpine glaciation in
                  the Cordillera Blanca, Peru}},
  journal = {J. Quaternary Sci.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {759--776}
}
@article{farley92,
  author = {Farley, K. A. and Natland, J. H. and Craig, H.},
  title = {Binary mixing of enriched and undegassed
                  (primitive-questionable) mantle components ({H}e,
                  {S}r, {N}d, {P}b) in {S}amoan lavas},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 111,
  pages = {183--199}
}
@article{farnetani05,
  title = {Beyond the thermal plume paradigm},
  author = {Farnetani, CG and Samuel, H},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 32,
  number = {L07311},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL022360},
  year = 2005
}
@article{farnetani97,
  author = {Farnetani, C. G.},
  title = {Excess temperature of mantle plumes: {T}he role of
                  chemical stratification across {D}''},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1583--1586}
}
@article{farra00,
  author = {Farra, V. and L. Vinnik},
  title = {Upper mantle stratification by {$P$} and {$S$}
                  receiver functions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 141,
  pages = {699--712},
  year = 2000
}
@article{farra02,
  author = {Farra, V. and Vinnik, L.},
  title = {{Upper mantle stratification by P and S receiver
                  functions}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {699--712}
}
@article{farrell76,
  author = {Farrell, W. and Clark, J. A.},
  title = {On postglacial sea level},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 46,
  pages = {647--667}
}
@inproceedings{farris11,
  author = {Farris, D. W. and Cardona, A. and Montes, C. and
                  Bayona, G. and Restrepo, J. C.},
  title = {{Linked tectonic and magmatic evolution of the
                  Panama arc during collision with South America}},
  booktitle = {Neotectonics of Arc-Continent Collision},
  year = 2011,
  series = {Penrose Conference Proceedings},
  address = {Manizales, Colombia}
}
@article{farris11b,
  author = {Farris, D. W. and C. Jaramillo and G. Bayona and
                  S. A. Restrepo-Moreno and C. Monte and A.  Cardona
                  and A. Mora and R. J. Speakman and M. D. Glascock
                  and V. Valencia},
  title = {Fracturing of the {P}anamanian {I}sthmus during
                  initial collision with {S}outh {A}merica},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1130/G32237.1}
}
@article{faul05,
  author = {Faul, U. and Jackson, I.},
  title = {The seismological signature of temperature and grain
                  size variations in the upper mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 234,
  pages = {119--134}
}
@article{faulkner10,
  title = {A review of recent developments concerning the
                  structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of
                  fault zones},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {1557 -- 1575},
  author = {D.R. Faulkner and C.A.L. Jackson and R.J. Lunn and
                  R.W. Schlische and Z.K. Shipton and C.A.J. Wibberley
                  and M.O. Withjack},
  year = 2010
}
@article{favier03,
  author = {Favier, N. and Chevrot, S.},
  title = {Sensitivity kernels for shear wave splitting in
                  transverse isotropic media},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 153,
  pages = {213--228}
}
@article{fay05,
  author = {Fay, N. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Fault slip rates, effects of elastic heterogeneity
                  on geodetic data, and the strength of the lower
                  crust in the {S}alton {T}rough region, southern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003548}
}
@article{fay06,
  author = {Fay, N. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Dynamics of the {S}alton block: Absolute fault
                  strength and crust-mantle coupling},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {261--264}
}
@inproceedings{fay08,
  author = {Fay, N. P. and Becker, T. W. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Southern California Modeling of Geodynamics in 3D
                  (SMOG3D): Toward quantifying the state of tectonic
                  stress in the southern California crust}},
  booktitle = {2008 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  pages = {1-122},
  year = 2008
}
@article{fay08b,
  author = {Fay, N. P. and Bennett, R. A. and Spinler, J. C. and
                  Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Small-scale upper mantle convection and crustal
                  dynamics in southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q08006},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC001988}
}
@article{fay08c,
  author = {Fay, N. P. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Forces acting on the Sierra Nevada block and
                  implications for the strength of the San Andreas
                  fault system and the dynamics of continental
                  deformation in the western United States}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B12},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005809}
}
@inproceedings{fay09,
  author = {Fay, N. P. and Becker, T. W. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Southern California Modeling of Geodynamics in 3D
                  (SMOG3D): Toward quantifying the state of tectonic
                  stress in the southern California crust}},
  booktitle = {2009 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  volume = 19,
  pages = 251,
  year = 2009
}
@article{fehler87,
  author = {{Fehler}, M. and {House}, L. and {Kaieda}, H.},
  title = {{Determining planes along which earthquakes occur:
                  Method of application to earthquakes accompanying
                  hydraulic fracturing}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  month = aug,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {9407-9414}
}
@article{fei04,
  title = {{Experimentally determined postspinel transformation
                  boundary in Mg$_2$SiO$_4$ using MgO as an internal
                  pressure standard and its geophysical implications}},
  author = {Fei, Y and Van Orman, J and Li, J and Van Westrenen,
                  W and Sanloup, C and Minarik, W and Hirose, K and
                  Komabayashi, T and Walter, M and Funakoshi, K-i},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B02305},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002562},
  year = 2004
}
@article{feigenbaum78,
  author = {Feigenbaum, M. J.},
  title = {Quantitative universality for a class of nonlinear
                  transformations},
  journal = {J. Stat. Phys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 19,
  pages = 25
}
@article{feigenbaum80a,
  author = {Feigenbaum, M. J.},
  title = {Universal behavior in nonlinear systems},
  journal = {Los Alamos Science},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 1,
  pages = 4,
  note = {(reprinted in \cite{cvitanovic84})}
}
@article{feighner95,
  title = {The fluid dynamics of plume-ridge and plume-plate
                  interactions: {A}n experimental investigation},
  author = {Feighner, Mark A and Richards, Mark A},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 129,
  pages = {171--182},
  year = 1995
}
@article{feigl96,
  author = {Feigl, K. L. and Dupre\'e, E.},
  title = {{RNGCHN}: a program to calculate displacement
                  componenets from dislocations in an elastic
                  half-space with applications for modeling geodetic
                  measurements of crustal deformation},
  journal = {Computers \& Geosc.},
  year = 1996,
  note = {revised}
}
@article{felzer02,
  author = {Felzer, K. R. and Becker, T. W. and Abercrombie,
                  R. E. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Triggering of the 1999 {M}$_w$ 7.1 {H}ector {M}ine
                  earthquake by aftershocks of the 1992 {L}anders
                  earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  number = {B92190},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000911},
  year = 2002
}
@article{felzer06,
  title = {Decay of aftershock density with distance indicates
                  triggering by dynamic stress},
  author = {Felzer, Karen R and Brodsky, Emily E},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 441,
  pages = {735--738},
  year = 2006
}
@article{ferrachat98,
  author = {Ferrachat, S. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Regular vs.\ chaotic mantle mixing},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {75--86}
}
@article{ferreira10,
  author = {A. M. G. Ferreira and J. H. Woodhouse and K. Visser
                  and J. Trampert},
  title = {On the robustness of global radially anisotropic
                  surface wave tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B04313},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006716}
}
@article{ferrick23,
  author = {Amy L. Ferrick and Jun Korenaga},
  title = {Scaling laws for mixed heated convection with
                  pseudoplastic rheology: Implications for the
                  bistability of tectonic mode},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 128,
  doi = {10.1029/2023JB02786}
}
@article{ferry11,
  title = {{Episodic Behavior of the Jordan Valley Section of
                  the Dead Sea Fault Inferred from a 14-ka-Long
                  Integrated Catalog of Large EarthquakesEpisodic
                  Behavior of the Jordan Valley Section of the Dead
                  Sea Fault}},
  author = {Ferry, Matthieu and Meghraoui, Mustapha and Abou
                  Karaki, Najib and Al-Taj, Masdouq and Khalil, Lutfi},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {39--67},
  year = 2011
}
@article{festa03,
  author = {Festa, G. and Nielsen, S.},
  title = {{PML} absorbing boundaries},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {891--903}
}
@article{feulner12,
  author = {Feulner, G.},
  title = {The faint young Sun problem},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 50,
  number = {RG2006},
  doi = {10.1029/2011RG000375}
}
@article{fialko04a,
  author = {Fialko, Y. },
  title = {Probing the mechanical properties of seismically
                  active crust with space geodesy: Study of the
                  co-seismic deformation due to the 1992 {Mw7.3
                  Landers} (southern {C}alifornia) earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002756}
}
@article{fialko05,
  author = {Fialko, Y. and D. T. Sandwell and M. Simons and
                  P. Rosen},
  title = {Three-dimensional deformation caused by the {Bam,
                  Iran}, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip
                  deficit},
  year = 2005,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 435,
  pages = {295--299}
}
@article{fialko05b,
  author = {Fialko, Y. and Rivera, L. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Estimate of differential stress in the upper crust
                  from variations in topography and strike along the
                  {San Andreas} fault},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {527--532}
}
@article{fialko06,
  title = {Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake
                  potential on the southern San Andreas fault system},
  author = {Fialko, Yuri},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 441,
  pages = {968--971},
  year = 2006
}
@article{fichtner13,
  title = {Separating intrinsic and apparent anisotropy},
  author = {Fichtner, A. and Kennett, B. L. N. and Trampert, J.},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 219,
  pages = {11--20},
  year = 2013
}
@article{fick55,
  title = {{\"{U}}ber diffusion},
  author = {Fick, A.},
  journal = {Annalen der Physik},
  volume = 170,
  pages = {59--86},
  year = 1855
}
@article{field14,
  author = {E. H. Field and R. J. Arrowsmith and G. P. Biasi and
                  P. Bird and T. E. Dawson and K. R. Felzer and
                  D. D. Jackson and K. M. Johnson and T. H. Jordon and
                  C. Madden and A. J. Michael and K. R. Milner and
                  M. T. Page and T. Parsons and P. M. Powers and
                  B. E. Shaw and W. R. Thatcher and R. J. Weldon II
                  and Y. Zeng},
  title = {Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
                  version 3 ({UCERF3}): {T}he time-independent model},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {1122--1180},
  annote = {Full version at \url{pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/}}
}
@article{field15,
  title = {Long-term time-dependent probabilities for the third
                  Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
                  (UCERF3)},
  author = {Field, Edward H and Biasi, Glenn P and Bird, Peter
                  and Dawson, Timothy E and Felzer, Karen R and
                  Jackson, David D and Johnson, Kaj M and Jordan,
                  Thomas H and Madden, Christopher and Michael, Andrew
                  J and Milner, K. R. and Page, M. T. and Parsons,
                  T. and Powers, P. M. and Shaw, B. E. and Thatcher,
                  R. R. and Weldon, II, R. J. and Zeng, Y.},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {511--543},
  year = 2015
}
@article{field17,
  title = {{A synoptic view of the third Uniform California
                  Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3)}},
  author = {Field, Edward H and Jordan, Thomas H and Page,
                  Morgan T and Milner, Kevin R and Shaw, Bruce E and
                  Dawson, Timothy E and Biasi, Glenn P and Parsons,
                  Tom and Hardebeck, Jeanne L and Michael, Andrew J
                  and others},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {1259--1267},
  year = 2017
}
@article{field17b,
  title = {{A spatiotemporal clustering model for the third
                  Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
                  (UCERF3-ETAS): Toward an operational earthquake
                  forecast}},
  author = {Field, Edward H and Milner, Kevin R and Hardebeck,
                  Jeanne L and Page, Morgan T and van der Elst,
                  Nicholas and Jordan, Thomas H and Michael, Andrew J
                  and Shaw, Bruce E and Werner, Maximilian J},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 107,
  pages = {1049--1081},
  year = 2017
}
@article{field24,
  title = {{The USGS 2023 conterminous US time-independent
                  earthquake rupture forecast}},
  author = {Field, Edward H and Milner, Kevin R and Hatem,
                  Alexandra E and Powers, Peter M and Pollitz, Fred F
                  and Llenos, Andrea L and Zeng, Yuehua and Johnson,
                  Kaj M and Shaw, Bruce E and McPhillips, Devin and
                  others},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 114,
  pages = {523--571},
  year = 2024
}
@article{fiet06,
  author = {Fiet, N. and Quidelleur, X. and Parize, O. and
                  Bulot, L. G. and Gillot, P. Y.},
  title = {{Lower Cretaceous stage durations combining
                  radiometric data and orbital chronology: Towards a
                  more stable relative time scale?}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 246,
  pages = {407--417}
}
@article{finetti86,
  author = {Finetti, I. and del Ben, A.},
  title = {Geophysical study of the {T}yrrhenian opening},
  journal = {Boll. Geofis. Teorica Ed Applicata},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {75--155}
}
@article{fischer00,
  author = {Fischer, K. M. and Parmentier, E. M. and Stine,
                  A. R. and Wolf, E. R.},
  title = {Modeling anisotropy and plate-driven flow in the
                  {T}onga subduction zone back arc},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {16181--16191}
}
@article{fischer10,
  author = {Fischer, K. M. and Ford, H. A. and Abt, D. L. and
                  Rychert, C. A.},
  title = {The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {551--575}
}
@article{fischer20,
  title = {A comparison of oceanic and continental mantle
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Fischer, Karen M and Rychert, Catherine A and
                  Dalton, Colleen A and Miller, Meghan S and Beghein,
                  Caroline and Schutt, Derek L},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 309,
  pages = 106600,
  year = 2020
}
@article{fischer91,
  author = {Fischer, K. M. and T. H. Jordan},
  title = {Seismic strain rate and deep slab deformation in
                  {Tonga}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {14429--14444}
}
@article{fischer96,
  author = {Fischer, K. M. and Wiens, D. A.},
  title = {The depth distribution of mantle anisotropy beneath
                  the {T}onga subduction zone},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {253--260}
}
@article{fischer98,
  author = {Fischer, K. M. and Fouch, M. J. and Wiens, D. A. and
                  Boettcher, M. S.},
  title = {Anisotropy and flow in {P}acific subduction zone
                  back-arcs},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {463--475}
}
@book{fisher87,
  author = {Fisher, N. I. and Lewis, T. and Embleton, B. J. J.},
  title = {Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1987,
  address = {New York},
  volume = 1
}
@article{fitzenz01,
  author = {Fitzenz, D. D. and Miller, S. A.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  title = {A forward model for earthquake generation on
                  interacting faults including tectonics, fluids, and
                  stress transfer},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {26689--26706}
}
@article{flament08,
  author = {Flament, N. and Coltice, N. and Rey, P.},
  title = {A case for late-{A}rchean continental emergence from
                  thermal evolution models and hypsometry},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {326--336}
}
@article{flament13,
  author = {Flament, N. and Gurnis, M. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.},
  title = {A review of observations and models of dynamic
                  topography},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {189--210}
}
@article{flament22,
  title = {{Assembly of the basal mantle structure beneath
                  Africa}},
  author = {Flament, Nicolas and Bodur, {\"O}mer F and Williams,
                  Simon E and Merdith, Andrew S},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 603,
  pages = {846--851},
  year = 2022
}
@incollection{flato14,
  title = {Evaluation of climate models},
  author = {Flato, Gregory and Marotzke, Jochem and Abiodun,
                  Babatunde and Braconnot, Pascale and Chou, Sin Chan
                  and Collins, William and Cox, Peter and Driouech,
                  Fatima and Emori, Seita and Eyring, Veronika and
                  others},
  booktitle = {Climate change 2013: the physical science
                  basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
                  Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
                  Climate Change},
  pages = {741--866},
  year = 2014,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press}
}
@article{fleitout80,
  author = {Fleitout, L. and C. Froidevaux},
  title = {Thermal and mechanical evolution of shear zones},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {159--164}
}
@article{fleitout82,
  author = {Fleitout, L. and Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Tectonics and topography for a lithosphere
                  containing density heterogeneities},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {21--56}
}
@article{fleitout83,
  author = {Fleitout, L. and Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Tectonic stresses in the lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {315--324}
}
@inproceedings{flemings23,
  title = {{``Lab to Planet'': an introductory course to
                  develop quantitative intuition for the earth
                  scientist}},
  author = {Fleming, P. B. and Becker, T. W.},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
  address = {San Francisco CA},
  year = 2023,
  number = {{ED43B-05}},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{flesch00,
  author = {Flesch, L. M. and Holt, W. E. and Haines, A. J. and
                  Shen-Tu, B.},
  title = {Dynamics of the {P}acific-{N}orth {A}merican Plate
                  boundary in the western {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 287,
  pages = {834--836}
}
@article{flesch01,
  author = {Flesch, L. M. and Haines, A. J. and Holt, W. E.},
  title = {Dynamics of the {I}ndia-{E}urasia collision zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {16435--16460}
}
@article{flesch05,
  author = {Flesch, L. M. and Holt, E. E. and Silver, P. G. and
                  Stephenson, M. and Wang, C.-Y. and Chan, W. W.},
  title = {Constraining the extent of crust-mantle coupling in
                  central {A}sia using {GPS}, geologic, and shear wave
                  splitting data},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {248-268}
}
@article{flesch07,
  author = {Flesch, L. M. and Holt, W. E. and Haines, A. J. and
                  Wen, L. and Shen-Tu, B.},
  title = {{The dynamics of western North America: Stress
                  magnitudes and the relative role of gravitational
                  potential energy, plate interaction at the boundary
                  and basal tractions}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 169,
  pages = {866--896}
}
@article{fletcher15,
  title = {Mantle plume--subduction zone interactions over the
                  past 60 {Ma}},
  author = {Fletcher, Michael and Wyman, Derek A},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 233,
  pages = {162--173},
  year = 2015
}
@article{fletcher1978,
  author = {Fletcher, R. C. and Sherwin, J. A.},
  title = {Arc Lengths of Single Layer Folds - Discussion of
                  Comparison between Theory and Observation},
  journal = {Amer. J. Science},
  volume = 278,
  pages = {1085--1098},
  year = 1978
}
@article{fletcher1983,
  author = {Fletcher, R. C. and Hallet, B.},
  title = {Unstable Extension of the Lithosphere: A Mechanical
                  Model for {B}asin-and-{R}ange Structure},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {7457--7466},
  year = 1983
}
@article{fletcher1989,
  author = {Fletcher, R. C.},
  title = {Approximate Analytical Solutions for a Cohesive
                  Fold-and-Thrust Wedge - Some Results for Lateral
                  Variation in Wedge Properties and for Finite Wedge
                  Angle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {10347-10354},
  year = 1989
}
@article{fletcher1991,
  author = {Fletcher, R. C.},
  title = {3-{D}imensional Folding of an Embedded Viscous Layer
                  in Pure Shear},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {87-96},
  year = 1991
}
@article{fletcher1995,
  author = {Fletcher, R. C.},
  title = {3-{D}imensional Folding and Necking of a Power-Law
                  Layer - Are Folds Cylindrical, and, If So, Do We
                  Understand Why},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 247,
  pages = {65-83},
  year = 1995
}
@article{fliedner96,
  author = {Fliedner, M. M. and Ruppert, S.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional crustal structure of the southern
                  Sierra Nevada from seismic fan profiles and gravity
                  modeling}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {367--370}
}
@article{flinn62,
  author = {Flinn, D.},
  title = {On folding during three-dimensional progressive
                  deformation},
  journal = {Quart. J. Geol. Soc.},
  year = 1962,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {385--428}
}
@article{florez19,
  title = {Controlling factors of seismicity and geometry in
                  double seismic zones},
  author = {Florez, MA and Prieto, GA},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {4174--4181},
  year = 2019
}
@article{flowers10,
  author = {Flowers, R. M.},
  title = {{The enigmatic rise of the Colorado Plateau}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {671--672}
}
@article{fluck97,
  title = {Three-dimensional dislocation model for great
                  earthquakes of the Cascadia subduction zone},
  author = {Fl{\"u}ck, Paul and Hyndman, RD and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {20539--20550},
  year = 1997
}
@article{foley09,
  author = {Foley, B. J. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Generation of plate tectonics and mantle
                  heterogeneity from a spherical, visco-plastic
                  convection model},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q08001},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002378}
}
@article{foley12,
  title = {{The conditions for plate tectonics on super-Earths:
                  Inferences from convection models with damage}},
  author = {Foley, Bradford J and Bercovici, David and Landuyt,
                  William},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 331,
  pages = {281--290},
  year = 2012
}
@article{foley14,
  author = {Foley, B. J. and Bercovici, D. and Landuyt, W.},
  title = {The conditions for plate tectonics on
                  super-{E}arths: Inferences from convection models
                  with damage},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 331,
  pages = {281--290}
}
@article{foley14b,
  author = {Foley, B. J. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {Scaling laws for convection with
                  temperature-dependent viscosity and grain-damage},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {580--603}
}
@article{foley16,
  title = {Whole planet coupling between climate, mantle, and
                  core: Implications for rocky planet evolution},
  author = {Foley, Bradford J and Driscoll, Peter E},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1885--1914},
  year = 2016
}
@article{foley18,
  author = {Foley, B. J.},
  title = {On the dynamics of coupled grain size evolution and
                  shear heating in lithospheric shear zones},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {7--25}
}
@article{foley20,
  title = {Timescale of Short-Term Subduction Episodicity in
                  Convection Models With Grain Damage: {A}pplications
                  to {A}rchean Tectonics},
  author = {Foley, Bradford J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2020JB020478}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ford14,
  title = {{Localized shear in the deep lithosphere beneath the
                  San Andreas fault system}},
  author = {Ford, Heather A and Fischer, Karen M and Lekic,
                  Vedran},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {295--298},
  year = 2014
}
@book{fornberg96,
  author = {Fornberg, B.},
  title = {A practical guide to pseudospectral methods},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@incollection{forsyth05,
  author = {Forsyth, D. and Li, A.},
  title = {Array analysis of two-dimensional variations in
                  surface wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy
                  in the presence of multipathing interference},
  booktitle = {{Seismic Earth: Array Analysis of Broadband
                  Seismograms}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {Levander, A. and Nolet, G.}
}
@article{forsyth75,
  author = {Forsyth, D. W. and Uyeda, S.},
  title = {On the relative importance of the driving forces of
                  plate motion},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {163--200}
}
@article{forsyth75b,
  author = {Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the
                  oceanic upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {103--162}
}
@article{forsyth77,
  title = {The evolution of the upper mantle beneath mid-ocean
                  ridges},
  author = {Forsyth, Donald W},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {89--118},
  year = 1977
}
@article{forsyth80,
  title = {Comparison of mechanical models of the oceanic
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Forsyth, Donald W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 85,
  pages = {6364--6368},
  year = 1980
}
@article{forsyth85,
  title = {Subsurface loading and estimates of the flexural
                  rigidity of continental lithosphere},
  author = {Forsyth, Donald W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {12623--12632},
  year = 1985
}
@article{forte00,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Perry, H. K. C.},
  title = {Geodynamic Evidence for a Chemically Depleted
                  Continental Tectosphere},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 290,
  pages = {1940--1944}
}
@article{forte01,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Mitrovica, J. X.},
  title = {Deep-mantle high-viscosity flow and thermochemical
                  structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 410,
  pages = {1049--1056}
}
@incollection{forte07,
  author = {Forte, A. M.},
  title = {{Constraints on seismic models from other
                  disciplines -- Implications for mantle dynamics and
                  composition}},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  pages = {805--858},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.}
}
@article{forte07b,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Mitrovica, J. X. and Moucha, R. and
                  Simmons, N. A.  and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {{Descent of the ancient Farallon slab drives
                  localized mantle flow below the New Madrid seismic
                  zone}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L04308},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL027895}
}
@article{forte10,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and R. Moucha and N. Simmons and
                  S. Grand and J. Mitrovica},
  title = {{Deep-mantle contributions to the surface dynamics
                  of the North American continent}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 481,
  pages = {3--15}
}
@article{forte10b,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Qu{\'{e}}re{\'{e}}, S. and Moucha,
                  R. and Simons, N. A. and Grand, S. P. and Mitrovisa,
                  J. X. and Rowley, D. B.},
  title = {{Joint seismic-geodynamic-mineral physical modelling
                  of African geodynamics: A reconciliation of
                  deep-mantle convection with surface geophysical
                  constraints}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 295,
  pages = {329--341}
}
@incollection{forte15,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Simons, N. A. and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Constraints on seismic models from other disciplines
                  - {C}onstraints on {3-D} seismic models from global
                  geodynamic observables: {I}mplications for the
                  global mantle convective flow},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  editor = {Schubert, G.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {853--907},
  edition = 2,
  address = {Oxford}
}
@article{forte87,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {Plate tectonics and aspherical earth structure: the
                  importance of poloidal-toroidal coupling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {3645--3679}
}
@article{forte91,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Peltier, W. R. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Inferences of mantle viscosity from tectonic plate
                  velocities},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1747--1750}
}
@article{forte91b,
  title = {Mantle convection and core-mantle boundary
                  topography: explanations and implications},
  author = {Forte, Alessandro M and Peltier, W Richard},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 187,
  pages = {91--116},
  year = 1991
}
@article{forte93,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Peltier, W. R. and Dziewonski,
                  A. M. and Woodword, R. L.},
  title = {Dynamic surface topography: {A} new interpretation
                  based upon mantle flow models derived from seismic
                  tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {225--228}
}
@article{forte94,
  author = {Forte, A. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {The kinematics and dynamics of poloidal-toroidal
                  coupling in mantle flow: the importance of surface
                  plates and lateral viscosity variations},
  journal = {Adv. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {1--119}
}
@article{forte95,
  author = {Forte, A. M. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and
                  O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Continent--ocean chemical heterogeneity in the
                  mantle based on seismic tomography},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 268,
  pages = {386--388}
}
@article{fortin06,
  author = {Fortin, J. and Stanchits, S. and Dresen, G. and
                  G\"org\"un, E.},
  title = {Acoustic emission and velocities associated with the
                  formation of compaction bands in sandstone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B10203},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003854}
}
@article{fortin09,
  author = {Fortin, J. and Stanchits, S. and Dresen, G. and
                  Gueguen, Y.},
  title = {Acoustic Emissions Monitoring during Inelastic
                  Deformation of Porous Sandstone: Comparison of Three
                  Modes of Deformation},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {823--841}
}
@book{fossen16,
  title = {Structural geology},
  author = {Fossen, Haakon},
  year = 2016,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{fossen98,
  title = {Extended models of transpression and transtension,
                  and application to tectonic settings},
  author = {Fossen, Haakon and Tikoff, Basil},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spe. Pub.},
  volume = 135,
  pages = {15--33},
  year = 1998
}
@article{fouch00,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Fischer, K. M. and Parmentier,
                  E. M. and Wysession, M. E. and Clarke, T. J.},
  title = {Shear wave splitting, continental keels, and
                  patterns of mantle flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {6255-6275}
}
@article{fouch04,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Silver, P. G. and Bell, D. R. and
                  Lee, J. N},
  title = {Small-scale variations in seismic anisotropy near
                  {K}imberley, {S}outh {A}frica},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {764--774}
}
@misc{fouch04a,
  author = {Fouch, M.},
  title = {Upper Mantle Anisotropy Database},
  howpublished = {Online},
  year = 2006,
  note = {accessed in 06/2006,
                  \url{geophysics.asu.edu/anisotropy/upper/}}
}
@article{fouch06,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Rondenay, S.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy beneath stable continental
                  interiors},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 158,
  pages = {292--320}
}
@article{fouch10,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Okaya, D. A. and Arrowsmith, R.},
  title = {Shear Wave Splitting, Crustal Anisotropy, and
                  Patterns of Mantle(?) Deformation (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2010,
  number = {DI13A-1848},
  month = {Abstract at the American Geophysical Union Fall
                  Meeting}
}
@article{fouch96,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {Mantle anisotropy beneath {N}orthwest {P}acific
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {15987--16002}
}
@article{fouch98,
  author = {Fouch, M. J. and Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {Shear wave anisotropy in the {M}ariana subduction
                  zone},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1221--1224}
}
@article{foulger01,
  title = {Seismic tomography shows that upwelling beneath
                  Iceland is confined to the upper mantle},
  author = {Foulger, GR and Pritchard, MJ and Julian, BR and
                  Evans, JR and Allen, RM and Nolet, G and Morgan, WJ
                  and Bergsson, BH and Erlendsson, P and Jakobsdottir,
                  S and others},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 146,
  pages = {504--530},
  year = 2001
}
@article{foulger03,
  author = {Foulger, G. R. and Natland, J. H.},
  title = {Is ``Hotspot'' Volcanism a Consequence of Plate
                  Tectonics?},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 300,
  pages = {921--922}
}
@article{fourel14,
  author = {L. Fourel and S. Goes and G. Morra},
  title = {The role of elasticity in slab bending},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {4507--4525},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005535}
}
@article{fournier04,
  title = {{Backarc extension and collision: an experimental
                  approach to the tectonics of Asia}},
  author = {Fournier, Marc and Jolivet, Laurent and Davy,
                  Philippe and Thomas, Jean-Charles},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {871--889},
  year = 2004
}
@book{fowler90,
  author = {Fowler, C. M. R.},
  title = {The Solid Earth -- an Introduction to Global
                  Geophysics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1990,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{fowler93,
  author = {Fowler, A. C.},
  title = {Boundary layer theory and subduction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {21997--22005}
}
@article{franck97,
  title = {Continental growth and volatile exchange during
                  Earth's evolution},
  author = {Franck, Siegfried and Bounama, Christine},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {189--196},
  year = 1997
}
@book{frank-kamenetskii69,
  author = {Frank-Kamenetskii, D.},
  title = {Diffusion and Heat Transfer in Chemical Kinetics},
  publisher = {Plenum},
  year = 1969,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{frank15,
  title = {{Along-fault pore-pressure evolution during a
                  slow-slip event in Guerrero, Mexico}},
  author = {Frank, W. B. and Shapiro, N. M. and Husker,
                  A. L. and Kostoglodov, V. and Bhat, H. S. and
                  Campillo, M.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 413,
  pages = {135--143},
  year = 2015
}
@article{frank18,
  title = {Revealing the cluster of slow transients behind a
                  large slow slip event},
  author = {Frank, William B and Rousset, Baptiste and Lasserre,
                  C{\'e}cile and Campillo, Michel},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 4,
  number = 5,
  pages = {eaat0661},
  year = 2018
}
@article{frank19,
  title = {Daily measurement of slow slip from low-frequency
                  earthquakes is consistent with ordinary earthquake
                  scaling},
  author = {Frank, William B and Brodsky, Emily E},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 5,
  number = 10,
  pages = {eaaw9386},
  year = 2019
}
@incollection{frank72,
  author = {Frank, F. C.},
  title = {{Plate tectonics, The analogy with glacier flow, and
                  isostasy}},
  booktitle = {Flow and Fracture of Rocks, The Griggs Volume},
  publisher = {American Geophhysical Union},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 16,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {285--292},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{franz01,
  title = {{Eclogite-facies quartz veins within metabasites of
                  the Dabie Shan (eastern China):
                  pressure-temperature-time-deformation path,
                  composition of the fluid phase and fluid flow during
                  exhumation of high-pressure rocks}},
  author = {Franz, Leander and Romer, Rolf L and Klemd, Reiner
                  and Schmid, Robert and Oberhansli, Roland and
                  Wagner, Thomas and Shuwen, Dong},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  volume = 141,
  pages = {322--346},
  year = 2001
}
@article{frassetto06,
  author = {Frassetto, A. and Gilbert, H. and Zandt, G. and
                  Beck, S. and Fouch, M. J.},
  title = {{Support of high topography in the southern Basin
                  and Range based on composition and architecture of
                  the crust in the Basin and Range and Colorado
                  Plateau}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {62--73}
}
@article{frederiksen01,
  author = {Frederiksen, S. and Braun, J.},
  title = {Numerical modeling of strain localisation during
                  extension of the continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 188,
  pages = {241--251}
}
@article{freed02,
  author = {Freed, A. M. and Lin, J.},
  title = {Accelerated stress buildup on the southern {San
                  Andreas Fault} and surrounding regions caused by
                  {Mojave} {Desert} earthquakes},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {571--574}
}
@article{freed04,
  author = {Freed, A. M. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. },
  title = {Evidence for power-law flow in the {Mojave} desert
                  mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 430,
  pages = {548--551}
}
@article{freed05,
  author = {A. M. Freed},
  title = {Earthquake triggering by static, dynamic, and
                  postseismic stress transfer},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {335--367},
  year = 2005
}
@article{freed06,
  author = {A. M. Freed and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann and E. Calais and
                  J. Freymueller and S. Hreinsd{\'{o}}ttir},
  title = {{Implications of deformation following the 2002
                  Denali, Alaska earthquake for postseismic relaxation
                  processes and lithospheric rheology}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B01401},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003894}
}
@article{freed07,
  author = {Freed, A. M. and Ali, S. T. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {Evolution of stress in Southern California for the
                  past 200 years from coseismic, postseismic \&
                  interseismic stress changes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 169,
  pages = {1164--1179}
}
@article{freed08,
  author = {Freed, A. M. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Herring, T.},
  title = {Far-reaching transient motions after {Mojave}
                  earthquakes require broad mantle flow beneath a
                  strong crust},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 34,
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL030959}
}
@article{freed10,
  title = {Steady-state laboratory flow laws alone fail to
                  explain postseismic observations},
  author = {Freed, Andrew M and Herring, Thomas and
                  B{\"u}rgmann, Roland},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 300,
  pages = {1--10},
  year = 2010
}
@article{freed12,
  author = {Freed, A. M. and Hirth, G. and Behn, M. D.},
  title = {Using short-term postseismic displacements to infer
                  the ambient deformation conditions of the upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B01409},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008562}
}
@article{freed17,
  author = {Freed, A. and Hashima, A. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Okaya, D. A. and Sato, H. and Hatanaka, Y.},
  title = {Resolving depth-dependent subduction zone viscosity
                  and afterslip from postseismic displacements
                  following the 2011 {Tohoku-oki, Japan} earthquake},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 459,
  pages = {279--290}
}
@article{french10,
  author = {French, S. W. and L. M. Warren and K. M. Fischer and
                  G. A. Abers and W. Strauch and J. M. Protti and
                  V. Gonzalez},
  title = {{Constraints on upper plate deformation in the
                  Nicaraguan subduction zone from earthquake
                  relocation and directivity analysis}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q03220},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002841}
}
@article{french13,
  author = {S. French and V. Leki\'c and B. A. Romanowicz},
  title = {{Waveform tomography reveals channeled flow at the
                  base of the oceanic asthenosphere}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 342,
  pages = {227--230}
}
@article{french14,
  author = {French, S. W. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Whole-mantle radially anisotropic shear velocity
                  structure from spectral-element waveform tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {1303--1327}
}
@article{french15,
  title = {Broad plumes rooted at the base of the {E}arth's
                  mantle beneath major hotspots},
  author = {French, Scott W and Romanowicz, Barbara},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 525,
  pages = {95--99},
  year = 2015
}
@article{french19,
  title = {Slip partitioning along an idealized subduction
                  plate boundary at deep slow slip conditions},
  author = {French, Melodie E and Condit, Cailey B},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 528,
  pages = 115828,
  year = 2019
}
@article{frepoli96,
  author = {Frepoli, A. and Selvaggi, G. and Chiarabba, C. and
                  Amato, A.},
  title = {State of stress of the {S}outhern {T}yrrhenian
                  subduction zone from fault-plane solutions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {555--578}
}
@article{frette,
  author = {V. Frette and others},
  title = {Avalanche Dynamics in a Pile of Rice},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 379,
  pages = {49--52},
  month = {January}
}
@book{freund98,
  author = {Freund, L. B.},
  title = {Dynamic fracture mechanics},
  year = 1998,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{freybourger01,
  author = {Freybourger, M. and Gaherty, J. and Jordan,
                  T. H. and {the Kaapvaal Seismic Group}},
  title = {Structure of the {K}aapvaal craton from surface
                  waves},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {2489--2492}
}
@article{freymueller93,
  title = {{Plate motions in the north Andean region}},
  author = {Freymueller, F. T. and Kellogg, J. N. and Vega, V.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {21853--21863}
}
@article{freymueller99,
  title = {{Kinematics of the Pacific-North America plate
                  boundary zone, northern California}},
  author = {Freymueller, Jeffrey T and Murray, Mark H and
                  Segall, Paul and Castillo, David},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {7419--7441},
  year = 1999
}
@article{friedrich03,
  author = {Friedrich, A. M. and Wernicke, B. and Niemi,
                  N. A. and Bennett, R. A. and Davis, J. L.},
  title = {Comparison of geodetic and geologic data from the
                  {W}asatch region, {U}tah, and implications for the
                  spectral character of {E}arth deformation at periods
                  of 10 to 10 million years},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000682}
}
@article{frohlich07,
  title = {Comparison of seismic moment release rates along
                  different types of plate boundaries},
  author = {Frohlich, Cliff and Wetzel, Laura Reiser},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {909--920},
  year = 2007
}
@article{frohlich09,
  author = {Frohlich, C. and Y. Nakamura},
  title = {The physical mechanisms of deep moonquakes and
                  intermediate-depth earthquakes: {H}ow similar and
                  how different?},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {365--374}
}
@article{frohlich89,
  title = {The nature of deep-focus earthquakes},
  author = {Frohlich, Cliff},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {227--254},
  year = 1989
}
@article{frohlich95,
  author = {Frohlich, C. },
  title = {Characteristics of well-determined non-double-couple
                  earthquakes in the {Harvard CMT} catalog},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {213--228}
}
@article{frossard22,
  title = {{Earth’s composition was modified by collisional
                  erosion}},
  author = {Frossard, Paul and Israel, Claudine and Bouvier,
                  Audrey and Boyet, Maud},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 377,
  pages = {1529--1532},
  year = 2022
}
@article{frost07,
  title = {{Experimental determination of the effect of H$_2$O
                  on the 410-km seismic discontinuity}},
  author = {Frost, Daniel J and Dolej{\v{s}}, David},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 256,
  pages = {182--195},
  year = 2007
}
@article{fu83,
  author = {Fu, R.-S. and Huang, P.-H.},
  title = {The global stress field in the lithosphere obtained
                  from the satellite gravitational harmonics},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {269--276}
}
@article{fu90,
  author = {Fu, R.-S. and Huang, P.-H.},
  title = {Global stress pattern constrained on deep mantle
                  flow and tectonic features},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 60,
  pages = {314--323}
}
@article{fuchs18,
  author = {Fuchs, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Role of Strain-Dependent Weakening Memory on the
                  Style of Mantle Convection and Plate Boundary
                  Stability},
  journal = {EarthArXiv Preprint},
  year = 2018,
  doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/ZR46X}
}
@article{fuchs19,
  title = {Role of strain-dependent weakening memory on the
                  style of mantle convection and plate boundary
                  stability},
  author = {Fuchs, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 218,
  pages = {601--618},
  year = 2019
}
@article{fuchs21,
  title = {Deformation memory in the lithosphere: {A}
                  comparison of damage-dependent weakening and
                  grain-size sensitive rheologies},
  author = {Fuchs, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2020JB020335}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020335},
  year = 2021
}
@article{fuchs22,
  author = {Fuchs, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {On the Role of Rheological Memory for
                  Convection-Driven Plate Reorganizations},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {{e2022GL099574}}
}
@article{fuis01,
  author = {Fuis, G. S. and Ryberg, T. and Godfrey, N. J.  and
                  Okaya, D. A. and Murphy, J. M.},
  title = {{Crustal Structure and tectonics from the Los
                  Angeles Basin to the Mojave Desert, southern
                  California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {15--18}
}
@article{fuisetal17,
  author = {Fuis, Gary S. and Bauer, K. and Goldman, M. R. and
                  Ryberg, T. and Langenheim, V. E. and Scheirer,
                  D. S. and Rymer, M. J. and Stock, J. M. and Hole,
                  J. A. and Catchings, R. D. and Graves, R. D. and
                  Aagaard, B.},
  title = {{Subsurface Geometry of the San Andreas Fault in
                  Southern California: Results from the Salton Seismic
                  Imaging Project (SSIP) and Strong Ground Motion
                  Expectations}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = {{2017}},
  volume = {{107}},
  pages = {{1642--1662}}
}
@article{fujiwara11,
  title = {{The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: Displacement
                  reaching the trench axis}},
  author = {Fujiwara, Toshiya and Kodaira, Shuichi and No,
                  Tetsuo and Kaiho, Yuka and Takahashi, Narumi and
                  Kaneda, Yoshiyuki},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 334,
  pages = {1240--1240},
  year = 2011
}
@article{fujiwara22,
  title = {{Spatiotemporal functional modeling of postseismic
                  deformations after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Fujiwara, S. and Tobita, M. and Ozawa, S.},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 74,
  pages = {1--27},
  year = 2022
}
@article{fukahata16,
  title = {Deformation of island-arc lithosphere due to steady
                  plate subduction},
  author = {Fukahata, Yukitoshi and Matsu'ura, Mitsuhiro},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 204,
  pages = {825--840},
  year = 2016
}
@article{fukao01,
  author = {Fukao, Y. and Widiyantoro, S. and Obayashi, M.},
  title = {Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle
                  transition region},
  journal = {Rev. of Geophys.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {291--323}
}
@article{fukao09,
  author = {Fukao, Y. and Obayashi, M. and Nakakuki, T. and the
                  {Deep Slab Project Group}},
  title = {Stagnant Slab: A Review},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {19--46}
}
@article{fukao13,
  author = {Fukao, Y. and Obayashi, M.},
  title = {Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through
                  and trapped below the 660-km discontinuity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {5920--5938}
}
@article{fukao21,
  title = {{Detection of ``rapid'' aseismic slip at the
                  Izu-Bonin Trench}},
  author = {Fukao, Yoshio and Kubota, Tatsuya and Sugioka,
                  Hiroko and Ito, Aki and Tonegawa, Takashi and
                  Shiobara, Hajime and Yamashita, Mikiya and Saito,
                  Tatsuhiko},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2021JB022132}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{fukao83,
  title = {A seismological constraint on the depth of
                  basalt--eclogite transition in a subducting oceanic
                  crust},
  author = {Fukao, Yoshio and Hori, Sadaki and Ukawa, Motoo},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 303,
  pages = {413--415},
  year = 1983
}
@article{fukao84,
  author = {Fukao, Y.},
  title = {Evidence from core-reflected shear waves for
                  anisotropy in the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 371,
  pages = {149--151}
}
@article{fukuda21,
  author = {J. Fukuda and K. M. Johnson},
  title = {{Bayesian inversion for a stress-driven model of
                  afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation: Method and
                  application to postseismic deformation following the
                  2011 M$_W$ 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2020JB021620}
}
@article{fukushima23,
  author = {Fukushima, Rikuto and Kano, Masayuki and Hirahara,
                  Kazuro},
  title = {Physics-informed neural networks for fault slip
                  monitoring: {S}imulation, frictional parameter
                  estimation, and prediction on slow slip events in a
                  spring-slider system},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {e2023JB027384},
  year = 2023
}
@article{fukuyama98,
  author = {Fukuyama, E. and Madariaga, R.},
  title = {Rupture dynamics of a planar fault in a 3D elastic
                  medium: Rate- and slip-weakening friction.},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {1--17}
}
@article{fuller06,
  author = {Fuller, C. W. and Willett, S. D. and Brandon, M. T.},
  title = {Formation of forearc basins and their influence on
                  subduction zone earthquakes},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {65--68}
}
@article{fulton13,
  title = {Low coseismic friction on the {T}ohoku-{O}ki fault
                  determined from temperature measurements},
  author = {Fulton, PM and Brodsky, Emily E and Kano, Y and
                  Mori, J and Chester, F and Ishikawa, T and Harris,
                  RN and Lin, W and Eguchi, Nobuhisa and Toczko, S and
                  {Expedition 343, 343T, and KR13-08 Scientists}},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 342,
  pages = {1214--1217},
  year = 2013
}
@article{fumal02,
  author = {Fumal, T. E. and Rymer, M. J. and Seitz, G. G.},
  title = {{Timing of large earthquakes since A.D. 800 on the
                  Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone
                  at Thousand Palms Oasis, near Palm Springs,
                  California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2841--2860}
}
@article{funiciello03,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D. and
                  Re\-ge\-nau\-er-Lieb, K.},
  title = {Dynamics of retreating slabs (part 2): insights from
                  {3D} laboratory experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000896},
  year = 2003
}
@article{funiciello03b,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Morra, G. and Regenauer-Lieb,
                  K. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Dynamics of retreating slabs (part 1): insights from
                  numerical experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003
}
@article{funiciello04,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Flow in the Evolution of Subduction System: Insights
                  from {3-D} Laboratory Experiments},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1393--1407}
}
@article{funiciello04b,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Piromallo, C. and Moroni, M. and
                  Becker, T. W. and Faccenna, C. and Bui, H. A. and
                  Cenedese, A.},
  title = {{3-D} laboratory and numerical models of mantle flow
                  in subduction zones (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T21b--0527}
}
@article{funiciello04c,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Role of lateral mantle flow in the evolution of
                  subduction system: {I}nsights from {3-D} laboratory
                  experiments},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1393--1406}
}
@article{funiciello06,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Moroni, M. and Piromallo, C. and
                  Faccenna, C. and Cenedese, A. and Bui, H. A.},
  title = {Mapping flow during retreating subduction:
                  laboratory models analyzed by {F}eature {T}racking},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003792}
}
@article{funiciello08,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Heuret, A. and
                  Di Giuseppe, E. and Lallemand, S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Trench migration, net rotation and slab-mantle
                  coupling},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 271,
  pages = {233--240},
  year = 2008
}
@article{funiciello99,
  author = {Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Laboratory experiments of subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 1,
  pages = 62
}
@article{furlong82,
  author = {Furlong, K. P. and Chapman, D. S. and Alfeld, P. W.},
  title = {Thermal modeling of the geometry of subduction with
                  implications for the tectonics of the overriding
                  plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {1786--1802}
}
@article{furuichi08,
  author = {Furuichi, M. and Kameyama, M. and Kageyama, A.},
  title = {Three-dimensional Eulerian method for large
                  deformation of viscoelastic fluid: Toward
                  plate-mantle simulation},
  journal = {J. Comput. Phys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 227,
  pages = 4977
}
@article{furukawa93,
  title = {Depth of the decoupling plate interface and thermal
                  structure under arcs},
  author = {Furukawa, Yoshitsugu},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {20005--20013},
  year = 1993
}
@article{furumura05,
  title = {{Subduction zone guided waves and the heterogeneity
                  structure of the subducted plate: intensity
                  anomalies in northern Japan}},
  author = {Furumura, T. and Kennett, B.L.N.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 110,
  pages = {B10302},
  year = 2005,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003486}
}
@phdthesis{gable89,
  author = {Gable, C. W.},
  title = {Numerical Models of Plate Tectonics and Mantle
                  Convection in Three Dimensions},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = 1989,
  address = {Cambridge MA}
}
@article{gable91,
  author = {Gable, C. W. and O'Connell, R. J. and Travis, B. J.},
  title = {Convection in three dimensions with surface plates:
                  generation of toroidal flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {8391--8405}
}
@article{gable91b,
  author = {Gable, C. W. and Stone, H. A. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Chaotic mantle mixing: Time dependence is
                  unnecessary},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 72,
  pages = 269
}
@article{gaboret03,
  author = {Gaboret, C. and Forte, A. M. and Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {The unique dynamics of the {P}acific {H}emisphere
                  mantle and its signature on seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 208,
  pages = {219--233}
}
@article{gabriel13,
  title = {Source properties of dynamic rupture pulses with
                  off-fault plasticity},
  author = {Gabriel, A-A and Ampuero, J-P and Dalguer, LA and
                  Mai, Paul Martin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {4117--4126},
  year = 2013
}
@article{gabriel21,
  author = {Alice-Agnes Gabriel and Duo Li and Simone
                  Chiocchetti and Maurizio Tavelli and Ilya Peshkov
                  and Romenski Evgeniy and Michael Dumbser},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  title = {{A unified first order hyperbolic model for
                  nonlinear dynamic rupture processes in diffuse
                  fracture zones}},
  year = 2021,
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.2020.0130}
}
@article{gabrielov90,
  author = {Gabrielov, A. M. and Levshina, T. A. and Rotwain,
                  I. M.},
  title = {Block model of earthquake sequence},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 61,
  pages = {18--28}
}
@incollection{gabrielov94,
  author = {Gabrielov, A. and Newman, W. I.},
  title = {Seismicity Modeling and Earthquake Prediction: {A}
                  Review},
  booktitle = {Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical
                  Phenomena},
  publisher = {International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 83,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  pages = {7--13}
}
@incollection{gaetani03,
  title = {Experimental Constraints on Melt Generation in the
                  Mantle Wedge},
  author = {Gaetani, G. A. and Grove, T.},
  journal = {Geophys. Mono.},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  year = 2003,
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{gaffin87,
  author = {Gaffin, S.},
  title = {Ridge volume dependence on seafloor generation rate
                  and inversion using long term sealevel change},
  journal = {Am. J. Sci.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 287,
  pages = {596--611}
}
@article{gaherty04,
  author = {J. B. Gaherty and D. Lizarralde and J. A. Collins
                  and G. Hirth and S. Kim},
  title = {Mantle deformation during slow seafloor spreading
                  constrained by observations of seismic anisotropy in
                  the western {A}tlantic},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 228,
  pages = {225--265}
}
@article{gaherty94,
  author = {Gaherty, J. B. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Compositional vs.\ thermal buoyancy and the
                  evolution of subducted lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {141--144}
}
@article{gaherty95,
  author = {Gaherty, J. B. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Lehmann discontinuity as the base of an anisotropic
                  layer beneath continents},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 268,
  pages = {1468--1471}
}
@article{gaherty96,
  author = {Gaherty, J. B. and Jordan, T. H. and Gee, L. S.},
  title = {Seismic structure of the upper mantle in a central
                  {P}acific corridor},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {22291--22310}
}
@article{gaherty99,
  author = {Gaherty, J. and Kato, M. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Seismological structure of the upper mantle: a
                  regional comparison of seismic layering},
  year = 1999,
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 110,
  pages = {21--41}
}
@article{gaidos10,
  title = {Thermodynamic limits on magnetodynamos in rocky
                  exoplanets},
  author = {Gaidos, Eric and Conrad, Clinton P and Manga,
                  Michael and Hernlund, John},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  volume = 718,
  pages = 596,
  year = 2010
}
@article{gaina07,
  author = {Gaina, C. and M{\"{u}}ller, R.D. and Brown, B. and
                  Ishihara, T. and Ivanov, S.},
  title = {{Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India
                  and Antarctica}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {151--170}
}
@unpublished{gale,
  author = {Landry, W. and Hodkinson, L. and Kienz, S.},
  title = {{GALE}: User Manual Version 0.9},
  note = {Online at
                  \url{www.geodynamics.org:8080/cig/software/packages/gale/gale_book.pdf},
                  accessed 10/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{gale13,
  author = {Gale, A. and Dalton, C. A. and Langmuir, C. H. and
                  Su, Y. and Schilling, J.-G.},
  title = {The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {489--518}
}
@article{galetzka15,
  author = {J. Galetzka and D. Melgar and J. F. Genrich and
                  J. Geng and S. Owen and E. O. Lindsey and X. Xu and
                  Y. Bock and J.-P. Avouac and L. B. Adhikari and
                  B. N. Upreti and B. Pratt-Sitaula and
                  T. N. Bhattarai and B. P. Sitaula and A. Moore and
                  K. W. Hudnut and W. Szeliga and J. Normandeau and
                  M. Fend and M. Flouzat and L. Bollinger and
                  P. Shrestha and B. Koirala and U. Gautam and
                  M. Bhatterai and R. Gupta and T. Kandel and
                  C. Timsina and S. N. Sapkota and S. Rajaure and
                  N. Maharjan},
  journal = {Science},
  pages = {1091--1095},
  title = {{Slip pulse and resonance of the Kathmandu basin
                  during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal}},
  volume = 349,
  year = 2015
}
@article{gallovic19a,
  title = {Bayesian dynamic finite-fault inversion: 1. {M}ethod
                  and synthetic test},
  author = {Gallovi{\v{c}}, F. and Valentov{\'a}, L. and
                  Ampuero, J.-P. and Gabriel, A.-A.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {6949--6969},
  year = 2019
}
@article{gallovic19b,
  title = {Bayesian dynamic finite-fault inversion:
                  2. {A}pplication to the 2016 {Mw} 6.2 {A}matrice,
                  {I}taly, earthquake},
  author = {Gallovi{\v{c}}, F. and Valentov{\'a}, L. and
                  Ampuero, J.-P. and Gabriel, A.-A.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {6970--6988},
  year = 2019
}
@article{galvez14,
  title = {Dynamic earthquake rupture modelled with an
                  unstructured 3-{D} spectral element method applied
                  to the 2011 {M} 9 {T}ohoku earthquake},
  author = {Galvez, Percy and Ampuero, J-P and Dalguer, Luis A
                  and Somala, Surendra N and Nissen-Meyer, Tarje},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 198,
  pages = {1222--1240},
  year = 2014
}
@article{galvez16,
  title = {Rupture reactivation during the 2011 {Mw 9.0 Tohoku}
                  earthquake: {D}ynamic rupture and ground-motion
                  simulations},
  author = {Galvez, Percy and Dalguer, Luis A and Ampuero,
                  Jean-Paul and Giardini, Domenico},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {819--831},
  year = 2016
}
@inproceedings{galvez18,
  title = {Earthquake cycle modeling of curvilinear non-planar
                  faults: 1992, {L}anders earthquake sequence.},
  author = {Galvez, Percy and Peter, Daniel B and Mai, Paul
                  Martin},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2018
}
@article{galvez20,
  title = {Dynamic source model for the 2011 {T}ohoku
                  earthquake in a wide period range combining slip
                  reactivation with the short-period ground motion
                  generation process},
  author = {Galvez, Percy and Petukhin, Anatoly and Irikura,
                  Kojiro and Somerville, Paul},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 177,
  pages = {2143--2161},
  year = 2020
}
@article{gamage11,
  title = {Permeability--porosity relationships of subduction
                  zone sediments},
  author = {Gamage, Kusali and Screaton, Elizabeth and Bekins,
                  Barbara and Aiello, Ivano},
  journal = {Marine Geol.},
  volume = 279,
  pages = {19--36},
  year = 2011
}
@article{gan07,
  author = {Gan, W. and P. Zhang and Z.‐K. Shen and Z. Niu and
                  M. Wang and Y. Wan and D. Zhou and J. Cheng},
  title = {{Present‐day crustal motion within the Tibetan
                  Plateau inferred from GPS measurements}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B08416},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004120}
}
@article{gans87,
  title = {{An open-system, two-layer crustal stretching model
                  for the eastern Great Basin}},
  author = {Gans, Phillip B},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 1987
}
@article{gao02,
  author = {Gao, S. and Rudnick, R. L. and Carlson, R. W.  and
                  McDonough, W. F. and Liu, Y.-S.},
  title = {{Re--Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle
                  lithosphere beneath the North China craton}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 198,
  pages = {307--322}
}
@article{gao12,
  title = {Scaling relationships of source parameters for slow
                  slip events},
  author = {Gao, Haiying and Schmidt, David A and Weldon, Ray J},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {352--360},
  year = 2012
}
@article{gao14,
  title = {Strength of stick-slip and creeping subduction
                  megathrusts from heat flow observations},
  author = {Gao, Xiang and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 345,
  pages = {1038--1041},
  year = 2014
}
@article{gao17,
  title = {Rheological separation of the megathrust seismogenic zone and
                  episodic tremor and slip},
  author = {Gao, Xiang and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {543},
  pages = {416--419},
  year = {2017}
}
@article{gao18,
  title = {Three-dimensional variations of the slab geometry
                  correlate with earthquake distributions at the
                  Cascadia subduction system},
  author = {Gao, Haiying},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1--8},
  year = 2018
}
@article{gapais05,
  title = {{Kinematics of long-lasting Paleoproterozoic
                  transpression within the Thompson Nickel Belt,
                  Manitoba, Canada}},
  author = {Gapais, Denis and Potrel, Alain and Machado, Nuno
                  and Hallot, Erwan},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 24,
  number = 3,
  year = 2005
}
@article{garagash21,
  title = {Fracture mechanics of rate-and-state faults and
                  fluid injection induced slip},
  author = {Garagash, Dmitry I},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A},
  volume = 379,
  number = 2196,
  pages = 20200129,
  year = 2021
}
@article{garapic15,
  title = {{A radiogenic isotopic (He-Sr-Nd-Pb-Os) study of
                  lavas from the Pitcairn hotspot: Implications for
                  the origin of EM-1 (enriched mantle 1)}},
  author = {Garapi{\'c}, G and Jackson, MG and Hauri, EH and
                  Hart, SR and Farley, KA and Blusztajn, JS and
                  Woodhead, JD},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 228,
  pages = {1--11},
  year = 2015
}
@article{garel14,
  author = {Garel, F. and Goes, S. and Davies, D. R. and Davies,
                  J. H. and Kramer, S. C. and Wilson, C. R.},
  title = {Interaction of subducted slabs with the mantle
                  transition zone: a regime diagram from {2-D}
                  thermo-mechanical models with a mobile trench and an
                  overriding plate},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005257}
}
@article{garfunkel86,
  author = {Garfunkel, Z. and Anderson, C. A. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Mantle circulation and the lateral migration of
                  subducted slabs},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {7205--7223}
}
@article{garnero03,
  author = {Garnero, E. J. and Lay, T.},
  title = {{D'' shear velocity heterogeneity, anisotropy, and
                  discontinuity structure beneath the Caribbean and
                  Central America}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 140,
  pages = {219--242}
}
@article{garnero04,
  author = {Garnero, E. J.},
  title = {A new paradigm for {E}arth's core-mantle boundary},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 304,
  pages = {835--836}
}
@article{garnero04b,
  author = {Garnero, E. J. and Maupin, V. and Lay, T. and Fouch,
                  M. J.},
  title = {Variable azimuthal anisotropy in {E}arth's lowermost
                  mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 306,
  pages = 5694
}
@article{garnero08,
  author = {Garnero, E. J. and McNamara, A. K.},
  title = {Structure and dynamics of the {E}arth's lower
                  mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 320,
  pages = {626--628}
}
@article{garnero16,
  author = {Garnero, E. J. and McNamara, A. K. and Shim, S.-H.},
  title = {{Continent-sized anomalous zones with low seismic
                  velocity at the base of Earth's mantle}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {481--489}
}
@article{garnero95,
  title = {A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale
                  low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath
                  the {P}acific: evidence from core phases},
  author = {Garnero, Edward J and Helmberger, Donald V},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {161--176},
  year = 1995
}
@incollection{garnero98,
  author = {E. J. Garnero and J. S. Revenaugh and Q. Williams
                  and T. Lay and L. H. Kellogg},
  title = {Ultralow velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary},
  booktitle = {The Core-mantle Boundary Region},
  pages = {319--334},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1998,
  editor = {Gurnis, M. and Wysession, M. E. and Knittle, E.  and
                  Buffett, B. A.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{gassmoller20,
  title = {On formulations of compressible mantle convection},
  author = {Gassm{\"o}ller, Rene and Dannberg, Juliane and
                  Bangerth, Wolfgang and Heister, Timo and Myhill,
                  Robert},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 221,
  pages = {1264--1280},
  year = 2020
}
@article{gazel09,
  author = {Gazel, E. and Carr, M. J. and Hoernle, K. and
                  Feigenson, M. D. and Szymanski, D. and Hauff, F. and
                  van den Bogaard, P.},
  title = {{The Galapagos-OIB signature in southern Central
                  America: Mantle re-fertilization by arc-hotspot
                  interaction}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q02S11},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002246}
}
@article{gazel11,
  author = {Gazel, E. and Hoernle, K. and Carr, M. J. and
                  Herzberg, C. and Saginor, I. and van den Bogaard,
                  P. and Hauff, F. and Feigenson, M. and Swisher III,
                  C.},
  title = {{Plume-subduction interaction in southern Central
                  America: mantle upwelling and slab melting}},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {117--134}
}
@misc{gcmt,
  title = {Global {CMT} Web Page},
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Nettles, M. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  howpublished = {Available online at \url{www.globalcmt.org},
                  accessed 05/2018},
  year = 2018
}
@misc{gcmt-14,
  title = {Global {CMT} Web Page},
  author = {Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Nettles, M. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  howpublished = {Available online at \url{www.globalcmt.org},
                  accessed 12/2014},
  year = 2014
}
@article{geffers23,
  title = {{Accuracy and precision of frequency--size
                  distribution scaling parameters as a function of
                  dynamic range of observations: example of the
                  Gutenberg--Richter law b-value for earthquakes}},
  author = {Geffers, GM and Main, IG},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 232,
  pages = {2080--2086},
  year = 2023
}
@article{gehrels09,
  author = {Gehrels, G. E. and Rushmore, M. and Woodsworth,
                  G. and Crawford, M. and Andronicos, C. and others},
  title = {{U-Pb geochronology of the Coast Mountains batholith
                  in north-coastal British Columbia: {C}onstraints on
                  age and tectonic evolution}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {1341--1361}
}
@article{geller11,
  author = {Geller, R. J.},
  title = {Shake-up time for {J}apanese seismology},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 472,
  pages = {407--409}
}
@article{geller97,
  author = {Geller, R. J.},
  title = {Earthquake prediction: a critical review},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {425--450}
}
@article{geller97b,
  title = {Earthquakes cannot be predicted},
  author = {Geller, Robert J and Jackson, David D and Kagan, Yan
                  Y and Mulargia, Francesco},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 275,
  pages = {1616--1616},
  year = 1997
}
@article{gen19,
  author = {Li, Gen and West, A. Joshua and Qiu, Hongrui},
  title = {Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide
                  Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {5101--5133},
  year = 2019
}
@article{geoffroy01,
  title = {{The structure of volcanic margins: some
                  problematics from the
                  North-Atlantic/Labrador--Baffin system}},
  author = {Geoffroy, Laurent},
  journal = {Mar. Petrol. Geol.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {463--469},
  year = 2001
}
@misc{geoforce18,
  author = {{GeoFORCE Texas}},
  title = {About Us},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{www.jsg.utexas.edu/geoforce/about-us}, accessed
                  09/2018},
  year = 2018
}
@unpublished{geosciences00,
  author = {{NSF Geosciences}},
  title = {Beyond 2000: {U}nderstanding and Predicting
                  {E}arth's Environment and Habitability},
  year = 2000,
  note = {National Science Foundation, Washington DC. Online
                  at \url{www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/nsf0028/nsf0028.htm},
                  accessed 06/2006}
}
@article{gephart84,
  author = {Gephart, J. W. and Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {An Improved Method for Determining the Regional
                  Stress Tensor Using Earthquake Focal Mechanism Data:
                  Application to the {San Fernando} Earthquake
                  Sequence},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {9305--9320}
}
@article{gephart90,
  author = {Gephart, J. W.},
  title = {Stress and the direction of slip on fault planes},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {845--858}
}
@article{gerardi18,
  author = {Gerardi, G. and Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Boundary element modeling of two-plate interaction
                  at subduction zones: {S}caling laws and application
                  to the {A}leutian subduction zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {5227--5248}
}
@article{gerardi19,
  author = {Gerardi, G. and Ribe, N. M. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Plate bending, energetics of subduction and modeling
                  of mantle convection: {A} boundary element approach},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 515,
  pages = {47--57}
}
@article{gerault12,
  author = {M. G{\'{e}}rault and T. W. Becker and B. J. P. Kaus
                  and C. Faccenna and L. N. Moresi and L. Husson},
  title = {The role of slabs and oceanic plate geometry for the
                  net rotation of the lithosphere, trench motions, and
                  slab return flow},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q04001},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003934}
}
@article{gerault15,
  title = {Flat-slab subduction, topography, and mantle
                  dynamics in southwestern {M}exico},
  author = {G{\'e}rault, M{\'e}lanie and Husson, Laurent and
                  Miller, Meghan S and Humphreys, Eugene D},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {1892--1909},
  year = 2015
}
@article{gerbault1999,
  author = {Gerbault, M. and Burov, E. B. and Poliakov,
                  A. N. B. and Daignieres, M.},
  title = {Do faults trigger folding in the lithosphere?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {271--274},
  year = 1999
}
@article{gerbault2000,
  author = {Gerbault, M.},
  title = {At what stress level is the central {I}ndian {O}cean
                  lithosphere buckling?},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 178,
  pages = {165--181},
  year = 2000
}
@article{german98,
  title = {{Distributions of hydrothermal activity along the
                  Mid-Atlantic Ridge: interplay of magmatic and
                  tectonic controls}},
  author = {German, CR and Parson, LM},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 160,
  pages = {327--341},
  year = 1998
}
@article{gerstenberger01,
  author = {M. C. Gerstenberger and S. Wiemer and D. Giardini},
  title = {A systematic test of the hypothesis the the $b$
                  value varies with depth in {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {57--60}
}
@incollection{gerstenberger17,
  author = {M. C. Gerstenberger and Y. Kaneko and B. Fry and
                  L. Wallace and D. Rhoades and A. Christophersen and
                  C. Williams},
  title = {Probabilities of Earthquakes in Central {New
                  Zealand}},
  booktitle = {GNS Science misc. ser.},
  publisher = {GNS Science},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 114,
  pages = 23,
  doi = {10.3133/cir1428},
  address = {Lower Hutt, New Zealand}
}
@article{gerstenberger20,
  title = {Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis at regional
                  and national scales: {S}tate of the art and future
                  challenges},
  author = {Gerstenberger, Matthew C and Marzocchi, Warner and
                  Allen, Trevor and Pagani, Marco and Adams, Janice
                  and Danciu, Laurentiu and Field, Edward H and
                  Fujiwara, Hiroyuki and Luco, Nicolas and Ma, K-F and
                  others},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 58,
  pages = {e2019RG000653},
  year = 2020
}
@article{gerya02,
  title = {{Exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in a
                  subduction channel: A numerical simulation}},
  author = {Gerya, Taras V and St{\"o}ckhert, Bernhard and
                  Perchuk, Alexey L},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 21,
  number = 6,
  year = 2002,
  doi = {10.1029/2002TC001406}
}
@article{gerya03,
  author = {Gerya, T. V. and Uken, R. and Reinhardt, J. and
                  Watkeys, M.K. and Maresch, W.V. and Brendan, C.},
  title = {{Cold fingers in hot magma: numerical modeling of
                  country-rock diaprs in the Bushveld Complex, South
                  Africa}},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {753--756},
  year = 2003
}
@article{gerya03a,
  author = {Gerya, T. V. and Yuen, D.},
  title = {Characteristics-based marker-in-cell method with
                  conservative finite-differences schemes for modeling
                  geological flows with strongly variable transport
                  properties},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 140,
  pages = {293--318},
  year = 2003
}
@article{gerya04,
  author = {Gerya, T. V. and Yuen, D. A. and Maresch, W. V.},
  title = {Thermomechanical modelling of slab detachment},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 226,
  pages = {101--116}
}
@article{gerya08,
  title = {Why is terrestrial subduction one-sided?},
  author = {Gerya, Taras V and Connolly, James AD and Yuen,
                  David A},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {43--46},
  year = 2008
}
@book{gerya09,
  author = {Gerya, T.},
  title = {Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2009,
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@article{gerya10,
  title = {Dynamical instability produces transform faults at
                  mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Gerya, Taras},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 329,
  pages = {1047--1050},
  year = 2010
}
@article{gerya10b,
  author = {Gerya, T. V. and Meilick, F. I.},
  title = {Geodynamic regimes of subduction under an active
                  margin: effects of rheological weakening by fluids
                  and melts},
  journal = {J. Metamorph. Geol.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {7--31}
}
@article{gerya11,
  author = {Gerya, T.},
  title = {Future directions in subduction modeling},
  journal = {J. Geodyn},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {344--378}
}
@article{gerya13,
  title = {Three-dimensional thermomechanical modeling of
                  oceanic spreading initiation and evolution},
  author = {Gerya, Taras V},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 214,
  pages = {35--52},
  year = 2013
}
@article{gerya15,
  title = {Plate tectonics on the {E}arth triggered by
                  plume-induced subduction initiation},
  author = {Gerya, Taras V and Stern, Robert J and Baes, Marzieh
                  and Sobolev, Stephan V and Whattam, Scott A},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 527,
  pages = {221--225},
  year = 2015
}
@book{gerya19,
  author = {Gerya, T.},
  title = {Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2019,
  edition = 2,
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@article{gerya21,
  author = {Gerya, T. V. and Bercovici, D. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Dynamic slab segmentation due to brittle-ductile
                  damage in the outer rise},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 599,
  pages = {245--250}
}
@article{ghelichkhan18,
  title = {The adjoint equations for thermochemical
                  compressible mantle convection: derivation and
                  verification by twin experiments},
  author = {Ghelichkhan, Sia and Bunge, H- P},
  journal = {Proc. Roy. Soc. A},
  volume = 474,
  pages = 20180329,
  year = 2018
}
@article{ghelichkhan21,
  title = {{Global mantle flow retrodictions for the early
                  Cenozoic using an adjoint method: evolving dynamic
                  topographies, deep mantle structures, flow
                  trajectories and sublithospheric stresses}},
  author = {Ghelichkhan, S and Bunge, HP and Oeser, J},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 226,
  pages = {1432--1460},
  year = 2021
}
@article{ghods98,
  author = {Ghods, A. and Sobouti, F. and Arkani-Hamed, J.},
  title = {An improved second moment method for solution of
                  pure advection problems},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  note = {spring meeting}
}
@article{ghosh06,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Holt, W. E. and Flesch, L. M. and
                  Haines, A. J.},
  title = {{Gravitational potential energy of the Tibetan
                  Plateau and the forces driving the Indian plate}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {321--324}
}
@inproceedings{ghosh08,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Effects of lateral viscosity variations on the
                  dynamics of western North America}},
  booktitle = {2008 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  pages = {1-124},
  year = 2008
}
@article{ghosh08b,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Effect of lateral viscosity variations on mantle
                  flow and the geoid},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {DI53A-1687}
}
@article{ghosh08c,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Holt, W. E. and Wen, L. and Flesch,
                  L. M. and Haines, A. J.},
  title = {{Joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics
                  elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L16309},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL034365}
}
@article{ghosh08d,
  author = {A. Ghosh and A. V. Newman and A. M. Thomas and
                  G. T. Farmer},
  title = {{Interface locking along the subduction megathrust
                  from b-value mapping near Nicoya Peninsula, Costa
                  Rica}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L01301},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL031617}
}
@inproceedings{ghosh09b,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Effect of lateral viscosity variations on mantle
                  flow and the geoid},
  booktitle = {11$^{th}$ International Workshop on Modelling of
                  Mantle Convection and Lithospheric Dynamics},
  pages = 57,
  year = 2009,
  address = {Braunwald, Switzerland},
  organization = {ETH Z{\"{u}}rich}
}
@article{ghosh09c,
  author = {A. Ghosh and W. E. Holt and L. M. Flesch},
  title = {Contribution of gravitational potential energy
                  differences to the global stress field},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 179,
  pages = {787-812},
  year = 2009
}
@article{ghosh10,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Effects of lateral viscosity variations on the
                  geoid},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L01301},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL040426}
}
@article{ghosh11,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Understanding the deformation of the {North
                  American} continent (abstract)},
  journal = {EarthScope National Meeting Abstract Volume},
  year = 2011,
  pages = 70,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.earthscope.org/es_doc/meetings/2011_national/},
                  accessed 06/2011}
}
@article{ghosh12,
  author = {A. Ghosh and W. E. Holt},
  title = {Plate motions and stresses from global dynamic
                  models},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {839--843}
}
@article{ghosh13,
  author = {Ghosh, A. and Becker, T. W. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Dynamics of the {North American} continent},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 194,
  pages = {651--669}
}
@article{ghosh13b,
  title = {Predicting the lithospheric stress field and plate
                  motions by joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle
                  dynamics},
  author = {Ghosh, A and Holt, WE and Wen, L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {346--368},
  year = 2013
}
@article{ghosh19,
  title = {{Role of large-scale tectonic forces in intraplate
                  earthquakes of Central and Eastern North America}},
  author = {Ghosh, Attreyee and Holt, William E and Bahadori,
                  Alireza},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {2134--2156},
  year = 2019
}
@techreport{giardini00,
  author = {Giardini, D. and Gr{\"{u}}nthal, G. and Shedlock,
                  K. and Zhang, P.},
  title = {The {GSHAP} {G}lobal {S}eismic {H}azard {M}ap},
  institution = {ETH Z{\"{u}}rich},
  year = 2000,
  address = {http://seismo.ethz.ch/gshap/global/global.html}
}
@incollection{giardini83,
  author = {Giardini, D.},
  title = {Regional deviation of earthquake source mechanisms
                  from the ``double-couple'' model},
  booktitle = {Earthquakes: observation, theory, and
                  interpretation: notes from the International School
                  of Physics ``Enrico Fermi'' (1982: Varenna, Italy)},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = 1983,
  editor = {Kanamori, H. and Boschi,E.},
  volume = 85,
  pages = {345--353},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@article{giardini84,
  author = {Giardini, D. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Deep seismicity and modes of deformation in {T}onga
                  subduction zone},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 307,
  pages = {505--509}
}
@article{giardini86,
  author = {Giardini, D. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Horizontal shear flow in the mantle beneath the
                  {T}onga arc},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 319,
  pages = {551--555}
}
@article{giardini88,
  author = {Giardini, D. and Velon{\`{a}}, M.},
  title = {La sismicita profonda del {M}ar {T}irreno. {D}eep
                  seismicity of the {T}yrrhenian {S}ea},
  journal = {Mem. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {1079--1087}
}
@article{giardini88b,
  title = {Frequency distribution and quantification of deep
                  earthquakes},
  author = {Giardini, Domenico},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 93,
  pages = {2095--2105},
  year = 1988
}
@article{giardini99,
  author = {Giardini, D. and Gr{\"{u}}nthal, G. and Shedlock,
                  K. and Zhang, P.},
  title = {The {GSHAP} {G}lobal {S}eismic {H}azard {M}ap},
  journal = {Annali di Geof.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1225--1230}
}
@article{gibert12,
  title = {Dependency of slab geometry on absolute velocities
                  and conditions for cyclicity: insights from
                  numerical modelling},
  author = {Gibert, G and Gerbault, Muriel and Hassani, R and
                  Tric, Emmanuel},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 189,
  pages = {747--760},
  year = 2012
}
@article{gibowicz86,
  author = {Gibowicz, S. J.},
  title = {Physics of Fracturing and Seismic Energy Release:
                  {A} Review},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {611--658}
}
@mastersthesis{gil-rodriguez10,
  author = {Gil-Rodr{\'{i}}guez, J.},
  title = {Igneous Petrology of the {L}a {C}olosa gold-rich
                  porphyry system ({T}olima, {C}olombia).},
  school = {University of Arizona},
  year = 2010
}
@book{gilbert00,
  author = {Gilbert, W.},
  title = {On the magnet (De Magnete)},
  publisher = {Peter Short},
  year = 1600,
  address = {London},
  month = {(Translated in 1900 from Latin by Silvanus Thompson
                  and reproduced by Basic Books, N. Y., 1956.)}
}
@article{gilbert03,
  author = {Gilbert, H. and A. F. Sheehan and K. G. Dueker and
                  P. Molnar},
  title = {{Receiver functions in the western United States,
                  with implications for upper mantle structure and
                  dynamics}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2229,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001194}
}
@article{gilbert12,
  author = {H. Gilbert and Y. Yang and D. W. Forsyth and
                  C. H. Jones and T. J. Owens and G. Zandt and
                  J.C. Stachnik},
  title = {{Imaging lithospheric foundering in the structure of
                  the Sierra Nevada}},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {1310--1300}
}
@article{gilbert84,
  author = {Gilbert, G. K.},
  title = {{A theory of the earthquakes of the Great Basin,
                  with a practical application}},
  journal = {Am. J. Sci. Ser.},
  year = 1884,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {49--54}
}
@article{gilbert94,
  author = {Gilbert, Lewis E. and Scholz, Christopher H. and
                  Beavan, John},
  title = {Strain localization along the San Andreas Fault:
                  Consequences for loading mechanisms},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {23975--23984},
  year = 1994
}
@book{gill81,
  author = {Gill, J.},
  title = {Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = 1981,
  address = {New York NY}
}
@book{gilly94,
  author = {Gilly, D.},
  title = {UNIX in a Nutshell},
  publisher = {O'Reilly \& Associates, Inc.},
  year = 1994,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@inproceedings{gilpin21,
  author = {Gilpin, W.},
  title = {Chaos as an interpretable benchmark for forecasting
                  and data-driven modelling},
  booktitle = {Adv. in Neural Information Proc. Sys. (NeurIPS)},
  note = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.05266},
  year = 2021
}
@article{gilpin23,
  author = {Gilpin, W.},
  title = {Model scale versus domain knowledge in statistical
                  forecasting of chaotic systems},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Research},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 5,
  pages = 043552
}
@article{gilpin24,
  title = {Generative learning for nonlinear dynamics},
  author = {Gilpin, William},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Phys.},
  pages = {1--17},
  year = 2024
}
@article{giunchi96,
  author = {Giunchi, C. and Sabadini, R. and Boschi, E. and
                  Gasperini, P.},
  title = {Dynamic models of subduction: geophysical and
                  geological evidence in the {T}yrrhenian Sea},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {555-578}
}
@article{glatzmaier02,
  author = {Glatzmaier, G.},
  title = {Geodynamo simulations-how realistic are they?},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {237--257}
}
@article{glatzmaier95,
  title = {A three-dimensional self-consistent computer
                  simulation of a geomagnetic field reversal},
  author = {Glatzmaier, Gary A and Roberts, Paul H},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 377,
  pages = {203--209},
  year = 1995
}
@article{glerum18,
  title = {{Nonlinear viscoplasticity in ASPECT: benchmarking
                  and applications to subduction}},
  author = {Glerum, Anne and Thieulot, Cedric and Fraters, Menno
                  and Blom, Constantijn and Spakman, Wim},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {267--294},
  year = 2018
}
@article{glisovic14,
  title = {{Reconstructing the Cenozoic evolution of the
                  mantle: Implications for mantle plume dynamics under
                  the Pacific and Indian plates}},
  author = {Gli{\v{s}}ovi{\'c}, Petar and Forte, Alessandro M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 390,
  pages = {146--156},
  year = 2014
}
@article{glisovic17,
  title = {{On the deep-mantle origin of the Deccan Traps}},
  author = {Gli{\v{s}}ovi{\'c}, Petar and Forte, Alessandro M},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 355,
  pages = {613--616},
  year = 2017
}
@article{glisovic19,
  title = {{Two deep-mantle sources for Paleocene doming and
                  volcanism in the North Atlantic}},
  author = {Gli{\v{s}}ovi{\'c}, Petar and Forte, Alessandro M},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 116,
  pages = {13227--13232},
  year = 2019
}
@article{glivsovic12,
  title = {{Time-dependent convection models of mantle thermal
                  structure constrained by seismic tomography and
                  geodynamics: implications for mantle plume dynamics
                  and CMB heat flux}},
  author = {Gli{\v{s}}ovi{\'c}, P and Forte, AM and Moucha, R},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 190,
  pages = {785--815},
  year = 2012
}
@article{gmt91,
  author = {Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {Free Software Helps Map and Display Data},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {445--446}
}
@misc{gnuplot17,
  author = {Gnuplot},
  title = {Gnuplot homepage},
  year = 2023,
  note = {Available online at \url{www.gnuplot.info/},
                  accessed 05/2023}
}
@article{gobert99,
  author = {Gobert, J. and Clement, J.},
  title = {Effects of Student-Generated Diagrams versus
                  Student-Generated Summaries on Conceptual
                  Understanding of Causal and Dynmaic Knowledge in
                  Plate Tectonics},
  journal = {J. Res. Sci. Teaching},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {39--53}
}
@article{godey03,
  author = {Godey, S. and Snieder, R. and Villasenor, A. and
                  Benz, H. M.},
  title = {Surface wave tomography of {N}orth {A}merica and the
                  {C}aribbean using global and regional broad-band
                  networks: phase velocity maps and limitations of ray
                  theory},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {620--632}
}
@article{godey04,
  author = {Godey, S. and Deschamps, F. and Trampert, J. and
                  Snieder, R.},
  title = {Thermal and compositional anomalies beneath the
                  {N}orth {A}merican continent},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002263}
}
@article{godfrey00,
  author = {Godfrey, N. J. and Christensen, N. I. and Okaya,
                  D. A.},
  title = {{Anisotropy of schists: Contribution of crustal
                  anisotropy to active source seismic experiments and
                  shear wave splitting observations}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {27991--28007}
}
@article{godfrey97,
  author = {Godfrey, N. J. and Beaudoin, B. C. and Klemperer,
                  S. L.},
  title = {{Ophiolitic basement to the Great Valley forearc
                  basin, California, from seismic and gravity data:
                  Implications for crustal growth at the North
                  American continental margin}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {1536--1562}
}
@article{goebel09a,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Stanchits, S. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Dresen, G. and Schorlemmer, D.},
  title = {Acoustic Emissions during Fracture and Sliding of
                  Rock Surfaces: Preliminary Results},
  journal = {2009 SCEC Annual Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 19,
  pages = 317
}
@article{goebel09b,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Schorlemmer, D. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Gerstenberger, M. and Zechar, J.},
  title = {A Suite of Reference Models for the Evaluation of
                  Earthquake Forecasts},
  journal = {2009 SCEC Annual Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 19,
  pages = 230
}
@article{goebel09c,
  author = {T. Goebel and D. Schorlemmer and T. W. Becker and
                  M. Gerstenberger and J. Zechar},
  title = {A suite of reference models for the evaluation of
                  earthquake forecasts},
  journal = {$6^{th}$ International Workshop on Statistical
                  Seismology Abstracts},
  year = 2009
}
@article{goebel10,
  author = {T. H. Goebel and S. Stanchits and T. W. Becker and
                  D. Schorlemmer and G. Dresen},
  title = {Temporal and spatial analysis of acoustic emission
                  clusters during sliding of rough granite surfaces},
  journal = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual
                  Meeting, Proceedings and Abstracts},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 20,
  pages = 216,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2010am/2010SCECProceedings.pdf},
                  accessed 05/2011}
}
@article{goebel11,
  author = {T. H. Goebel and T. W. Becker and C. Sammis and
                  G. Dresen and D. Schorlemmer},
  title = {Variations in b-values, Size and Rate of
                  Micro-Seismicity before Dynamic Slip Instabilities
                  in Laboratory Experiments},
  journal = {$7^{th}$ International Workshop on Statistical
                  Seismology. Abstracts},
  year = 2011,
  pages = 17,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.gein.noa.gr/statsei7/forms/StatSei7_Abstracts.pdf},
                  accessed 05/2011}
}
@article{goebel11b,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Becker, T. W. and Schorlemmer,
                  D. and Stanchits, S. and Rybacki, E. and Dresen, G.},
  title = {Connecting Acoustic Emission Event Locations,
                  Aftershock Density and $b$-values before and after
                  Stick-Slips to Changes in Topography of Rough
                  Fracture Surfaces during Frictional Sliding
                  Experiments},
  journal = {Seismological Society of America 2011 Annual Meeting
                  Abstracts},
  year = 2011,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.seismosoc.org/meetings/2011/program.php},
                  accessed 05/2011}
}
@inproceedings{goebel11c,
  author = {T. H. Goebel and T. W. Becker and D. Schorlemmer and
                  S. Stanchits and C. Sammis and E. Rybacki and
                  G. Dresen},
  title = {Identifying fault heterogeneity through mapping
                  spatial anomalies in acoustic emission statistics},
  booktitle = {2011 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  pages = 160,
  volume = 21,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2011am/SCECProceedingsXXI-FullVolume.pdf},
                  accessed 02/2012},
  year = 2011
}
@inproceedings{goebel11d,
  author = {T. H. Goebel and C. Sammis and T. W. Becker},
  title = {Connecting the spatial distribution of acoustic
                  emissions to fault roughness during stick-slip
                  experiments},
  booktitle = {2011 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  pages = 160,
  volume = 21,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2011am/SCECProceedingsXXI-FullVolume.pdf},
                  accessed 02/2012},
  year = 2011
}
@article{goebel12a,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and T. W. Becker and D. Schorlemmer
                  and S. Stanchits and C. Sammis and E. Rybacki and
                  G. Dresen},
  title = {Identifying fault heterogeneity through mapping
                  spatial anomalies in acoustic emission statistics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B03310},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008763}
}
@article{goebel13,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Schorlemmer, D. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Dresen, G. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {Acoustic emissions document stress changes over many
                  seismic cycles in stick-slip experiments},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {2049--2054}
}
@article{goebel14a,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Sammis, C. G. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Dresen, G. and Schorlemmer, D.},
  title = {A comparison of seismicity characteristics and fault
                  structure between stick-slip experiments and nature},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2014,
  doi = {10.1007/s00024-013-0713-7}
}
@article{goebel14b,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Candela, T. and Sammis,
                  C. G. and Becker, T. W. and Dresen, G. and
                  Schorlemmer, D.},
  title = {Seismic event distributions and off-fault damage
                  during frictional sliding of saw-cut surfaces with
                  predefined roughness},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 196,
  pages = {612--625}
}
@article{goebel14c,
  author = {Goebel, T. H. W. and Becker, T. W. and Sammis, C. G.
                  and Dresen, G. and Schorlemmer, D.},
  title = {Off-fault damage and acoustic emission distributions
                  during the evolution of structurally-complex faults
                  over series of stick-slip events},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 197,
  pages = {1705--1718}
}
@article{goebel17,
  title = {What allows seismic events to grow big?: {I}nsights
                  from b-value and fault roughness analysis in
                  laboratory stick-slip experiments},
  author = {Goebel, Thomas HW and Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Becker,
                  Thorsten W and Brodsky, Emily E and Dresen, Georg},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {815--818},
  year = 2017
}
@article{goes02,
  author = {Goes, S. and van der Lee, S.},
  title = {Thermal structure of the {N}orth {A}merican
                  uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = 2050,
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000049}
}
@article{goes04,
  author = {Goes, S. and Cammarano, F. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {Synthetic seismic signature for thermal mantle
                  plumes},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 218,
  pages = {401--417}
}
@article{goes08,
  author = {Goes, S. and Capitanio, F. A. and Morra, G.},
  title = {Evidence of lower-mantle slab penetration phases in
                  plate motions},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 451,
  pages = {981--984}
}
@article{goes17,
  title = {Subduction-transition zone interaction: {A} review},
  author = {Goes, Saskia and Agrusta, Roberto and van Hunen,
                  Jeroen and Garel, Fanny},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {644--664},
  year = 2017
}
@article{goes96,
  author = {Goes, S. D. B.},
  title = {Irregular recurrence of large earthquakes: An
                  analysis of historic and paleoseismic catalogs},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {5739--5749}
}
@article{goetze73,
  author = {Goetze, C. and Kohlstedt, D. L.},
  title = {Laboratory study of dislocation climb and diffusion
                  in olivine},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {5961--5971}
}
@article{goetze79,
  author = {Goetze, C. and Evans, B.},
  title = {Stress and temperature in the bending lithosphere as
                  constrained by experimental rock mechanics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {463--478}
}
@article{goff88,
  author = {Goff, J. A. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Stochastic Modeling of Seafloor Morphology:
                  Inversion of Sea Beam Data for Second-Order
                  Statistics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {13589--13608}
}
@article{goff92,
  author = {Goff, D. and Wiltschko, D.V.},
  title = {Stresses beneath a ramping thrust sheet},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {437--449},
  year = 1992
}
@article{goff96,
  author = {Goff, D. and Wiltschko, D.V. and Fletcher, R.C.},
  title = {Decollement folding as a mechanism for thrust-ramp
                  spacing},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {11341--11352},
  year = 1996
}
@article{gogus08,
  author = {Gogus, O. and Pysklywec, R.},
  title = {Near surface diagnostics of dripping and
                  delaminating lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005123},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11404}
}
@article{gogus11,
  title = {{The surface tectonics of mantle lithosphere
                  delamination following ocean lithosphere subduction:
                  Insights from physical-scaled analogue experiments}},
  author = {G{\"o}{\u{g}}{\"u}{\c{s}}, O{\u{g}}uz H and
                  Pysklywec, Russell N and Corbi, Fabio and Faccenna,
                  Claudio},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q05004},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003430},
  year = 2011
}
@article{gogus15,
  title = {Rifting and subsidence following lithospheric
                  removal in continental back arcs},
  author = {G{\"o}{\u{g}}{\"u}{\c{s}}, O{\u{g}}uz H},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {3--6},
  year = 2015
}
@article{gogus17,
  title = {Drip tectonics and the enigmatic uplift of the
                  {Central Anatolian Plateau}},
  author = {G{\"o}{\u{g}}{\"u}{\c{s}}, O{\u{g}}uz H and
                  Pysklywec, Russell N and {\c{S}}eng{\"o}r, A M C and
                  G{\"u}n, E},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2017
}
@article{gold06,
  title = {{Application of trishear fault-propagation folding
                  to active reverse faults: examples from the Dalong
                  Fault, Gansu Province, NW China}},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {200--219},
  year = 2006,
  author = {R. D. Gold and E. Cowgill and X.-F. Wang and
                  X.-H. Chen}
}
@article{goldberg24,
  title = {Characterizing the complexity of subduction zone
                  flow with an ensemble of multiscale global
                  convection models},
  author = {Goldberg, S. L. and Holt, A. F.},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 25,
  number = 2,
  pages = {e2023GC011134},
  year = 2024
}
@article{goldfinger03,
  title = {{Holocene earthquake records from the Cascadia
                  subduction zone and northern San Andreas fault based
                  on precise dating of offshore turbidites}},
  author = {Goldfinger, Chris and Nelson, C Hans and Johnson,
                  Joel E and Shipboard Scientific Party},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {555--577},
  year = 2003
}
@article{goldfinger07,
  title = {{Rupture lengths and temporal history of significant
                  earthquakes on the offshore and north coast segments
                  of the Northern San Andreas Fault based on turbidite
                  stratigraphy}},
  author = {Goldfinger, Chris and Morey, Ann E and Nelson, C
                  Hans and Guti{\'e}rrez-Pastor, Julia and Johnson,
                  Joel E and Karabanov, Eugene and Chaytor, Jason and
                  Eriksson, Andrew and Party, Shipboard Scientific},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 254,
  pages = {9--27},
  year = 2007
}
@techreport{goldfinger12,
  author = {Goldfinger, C. and Nelson, C.H. and Morey, A.E. and
                  Johnson, J.E. and Patton, J.R. and Karabanov, E. and
                  Guti{\'{e}}rrez-Pastor, J. and Eriksson, A.T. and
                  Gr{\'{a}}cia, E. and Dunhill, G. and Enkin, R.J. and
                  Dallimore, A. and Vallier, T.},
  title = {Turbidite event history: Methods and implications
                  for Holocene paleoseismicity of the Cascadia
                  subduction zone},
  institution = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 2012,
  type = {U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper},
  number = {1661--F},
  note = {170 p.}
}
@article{goldfinger13,
  author = {Goldfinger, C. and Ikeda, Y. and Yeats, R. S. and
                  Ren, J.},
  title = {Superquakes and supercycles},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {24--32}
}
@article{goldreich69,
  author = {Goldreich, P. and Toomre, A.},
  title = {Some remarks on polar wandering},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 74,
  pages = {2555--2565}
}
@article{golos18,
  title = {{Shear wave tomography beneath the United States
                  using a joint inversion of surface and body waves}},
  author = {Golos, EM and Fang, H and Yao, H and Zhang, H and
                  Burdick, S and Vernon, F and Schaeffer, A and
                  Lebedev, S and Van der Hilst, RD},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {5169--5189},
  year = 2018
}
@book{golub96,
  author = {Golub, G. H. and Van Loan, C. F.},
  title = {Matrix computations},
  publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
  year = 1996,
  edition = 3
}
@article{gomberg10,
  author = {Gomberg, J. and others},
  title = {{Slow slip phenomena in Cascadia from 2007 and
                  beyond: A review}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {963--978}
}
@article{gomberg16,
  title = {Reconsidering earthquake scaling},
  author = {Gomberg, Joan and Wech, Aaron and Creager, Kenneth
                  and Obara, Kazushige and Agnew, Duncan},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {6243--6251},
  year = 2016
}
@book{gomberg17,
  author = {J. S. Gomberg and K. A. Ludwig and B. A. Bekins and
                  T. M. Brocher and J. C. Brock and D. Brothers and
                  J. D. Chaytor and A. D. Frankel and E. L. Geist and
                  M. Haney and S. H. Hickman and W. S. Leith and
                  E. A. Roeloffs and W. H. Schulz and T. W. Sisson and
                  K. Wallace, J. T. Watt and A. Wein},
  title = {Reducing risk where tectonic plates collide--A plan
                  to advance subduction zone science},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 1428,
  doi = {10.3133/cir1428},
  series = {Circular}
}
@article{gomberg97,
  author = {Gomberg, J. and Blanpied, M. L. and Beeler, N. M.},
  title = {Transient triggering of near and distant
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {294--309}
}
@article{gomberg98b,
  author = {Gomberg, J. and Beeler, N. M. and Blanpied,
                  M. L. and Bodin, P.},
  title = {Earthquake triggering by transient and static
                  deformations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24411-24426}
}
@article{gomez07,
  author = {J. G{\'{o}}mez and A. Nivia and N. Montes and
                  D. Jim{\'{e}}nez and M. Sep{\'{u}}lveda and T. Gaona
                  and J. Osorio and H. Diederix and M. Mora and
                  M. Vel{\'{a}}squez, M.},
  title = {Atlas Geol{\'{o}}gico de {C}olombia, {S}heet 5-09,
                  scale 1:500.000.},
  journal = {INGEOMINAS},
  year = 2007
}
@article{gomez10,
  author = {Gomez, N. and Mitrovica, J. X. and Huybers, P. and
                  Clark, P. U.},
  title = {Sea level as a stabilizing factor for
                  marine-ice-sheet grounding lines},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {850--853}
}
@article{gomez13,
  title = {{A 3-D coupled ice sheet--sea level model applied to
                  Antarctica through the last 40 ky}},
  author = {Gomez, Natalya and Pollard, David and Mitrovica,
                  Jerry X},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 384,
  pages = {88--99},
  year = 2013
}
@article{gomez18,
  title = {{A coupled ice sheet--sea level model incorporating
                  3D earth structure: Variations in Antarctica during
                  the last deglacial retreat}},
  author = {Gomez, Natalya and Latychev, Konstantin and Pollard,
                  David},
  journal = {J. Climate},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {4041--4054},
  year = 2018
}
@article{goncharov08,
  title = {{Radiative conductivity in the Earth's lower
                  mantle}},
  author = {Goncharov, Alexander F and Haugen, Benjamin D and
                  Struzhkin, Viktor V and Beck, Pierre and Jacobsen,
                  Steven D},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 456,
  pages = {231--234},
  year = 2008
}
@article{gonnermann05,
  author = {Gonnermann, H. M. and Manga, M.},
  title = {{Nonequilibrium magma degassing: results from
                  modeling of the ca. 1340 AD eruption of Mono
                  Craters, California}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {1--16}
}
@article{gonnermann09,
  author = {Gonnermann, H. and Mukhopadhyay, S.},
  title = {Preserving noble gases in a convecting mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 458,
  pages = {560--564}
}
@incollection{gonnermann13,
  author = {Gonnermann, H. M. and Manga, M.},
  title = {Dynamics of magma ascent in the volcanic conduit},
  booktitle = {Modeling volcanic processes, {T}he Physics and
                  Mathematics of Volcanism},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2013,
  editor = {Fagents, S. A. and Gregg, T. K. P. and Lopes,
                  R. M. C.}
}
@techreport{gonnermann21,
  author = {Helge Gonnermann and Kyle Anderson and Tom Sisson
                  and George Bergantz and Matthew Pritchard and
                  Matthew Jackson and Philipp Ruprecht and Mark
                  Ghiorso and Emilie Hooft and Christian Huber and
                  Eleonora Rivalta and Diana Roman and Mattia de’
                  Michieli Vitturi and Madison Myers and Joe Dufek and
                  Antonio Costa and Costanza Bonadonna and Larry
                  Mastin and H{\'{e}}l{\`{e}}ne Le Mével and Mary
                  Grace Bato and Michael Poland and Paul Segall and
                  Leif Karlstrom and Erin Fitch and Einat Lev},
  title = {Modeling Volcano-Magmatic Systems: Crustal Magma
                  Transport, Storage and Eruption (Draft)},
  institution = {Modeling Collaboratory for Subduction},
  year = 2021,
  address = {Austin TX},
  note = {Available online at \url{https://bit.ly/3nYhI9W},
                  accessed 10/2021}
}
@article{goodwinwenk95,
  author = {Goodwin, L.B. and Wenk, H.R.},
  title = {{Development of phyllonite from granodiorite -
                  mechanisms of grain-size reduction in the Santa-Rosa
                  mylonite zone, California}},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = {{1995}},
  volume = {{17}},
  pages = {{689}}
}
@article{gorbatov03,
  author = {Gorbatov, A. and Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western
                  Pacific subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 210,
  pages = {527--543}
}
@article{gorbatov97,
  title = {Maximum depth of seismicity and thermal parameter of
                  the subducting slab: general empirical relation and
                  its application},
  author = {Gorbatov, A and Kostoglodov, V},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 277,
  pages = {165--187},
  year = 1997
}
@incollection{gordon00,
  author = {Gordon, R. G.},
  title = {Diffuse oceanic plate boundaries: Strain rates,
                  vertically averaged rheology, and comparisons with
                  narrow plate boundaries and stable plate interiors},
  booktitle = {The History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motion},
  pages = {143--159},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Richards, M. A. and Gordon, R. G. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  volume = 121,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{gordon78,
  author = {Gordon, R. G. and Cox, A. and Harter, C. E.},
  title = {Absolute motion of an individual plate estimated
                  from its ridge and trench boundaries},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 274,
  pages = {752--755}
}
@article{gordon86,
  author = {Gordon, R. G. and Jurdy, D. M.},
  title = {Cenozoic global plate motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {12389--12406}
}
@article{gordon95,
  title = {Plate motions, crustal and lithospheric mobility,
                  and paleomagnetism: {P}rospective viewpoint},
  author = {Gordon, Richard G},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {24367--24392},
  year = 1995
}
@article{goren14,
  title = {{Tectonics from fluvial topography using formal
                  linear inversion: Theory and applications to the
                  Inyo Mountains, California}},
  author = {Goren, Liran and Fox, Matthew and Willett, Sean D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf.},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1651--1681},
  year = 2014
}
@incollection{gorini94,
  author = {Gorini, C. and Mauffret, A. and Guennoc, P. and Le
                  Marrec, A.},
  title = {Structure of the Gulf of {L}ions ({N}orthwestern
                  {M}editerranean {S}ea): a review},
  booktitle = {Hydrocarbon and Petroleum Geology of France},
  pages = {223--243},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {Mascle, A.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Europ. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{gorney07,
  author = {D. Gorney and A. Escalona and P. Mann and
                  M. B. Magnani and {BOLIVAR Study Group}},
  title = {{Chronology of Cenozoic tectonic events in western
                  Venezuela and the Leeward Antilles based on
                  integration of offshore seismic reflection data and
                  on-land geology}},
  journal = {AAPG Bull.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {653--684}
}
@article{gorring01,
  author = {Gorring, M. L. and Kay, S. M.},
  title = {{Mantle processes and sources of Neogene slab-window
                  magmas in southern Patagonia}},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1067--1094}
}
@article{gorszczyk19,
  author = {Gorszczyk, A. and Operto, S. and Schenini, L. and
                  Yamada, Y.},
  title = {Crustal-scale depth imaging via joint full-waveform
                  inversion of ocean-bottom seismometer data and
                  pre-stack depth migration of multichannel seismic
                  data: a case study from the eastern {Nankai Trough}},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {765--784}
}
@article{goss06,
  author = {Goss, A. and Kay, S. M.},
  title = {{Steep REE patterns and enriched Pb isotopes in
                  southern Central American arc magmas: Evidence for
                  forearc subduction erosion?}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  number = {Q05016},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001163}
}
@article{goss09,
  author = {Goss, A. and Kay, S. M.},
  title = {{Extreme high field strength element (HFSE)
                  depletion and near-chondritic Nb/Ta ratios in
                  Central Andean adakite-like lavas ($\sim$27$^\circ$
                  S, $\sim$68$^\circ$ W)}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 270,
  pages = {97--109}
}
@article{goss09b,
  author = {Goss, A. and S. M. Kay and C. Mpodozis and
                  B. Singer},
  title = {{The {I}ncapillo {C}aldera and dome complex
                  ($\sim$28$^\circ$S): A stranded magma chamber over a
                  dying {A}ndean arc, {C}alifornia}},
  journal = {J. Volc. Geother Res.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {384--404}
}
@article{goss11,
  author = {Goss, A. and S. M. Kay and C. Mpodozis},
  title = {{Geochemistry of a dying continental arc: the
                  Incapillo Caldera and Dome Complex of the
                  southernmost Central Andean Volcanic Zone
                  ($\sim$28$^\circ$S)}},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {101--128}
}
@article{gosse01,
  author = {Gosse, J. and Phillips, F.},
  title = {Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and
                  application},
  journal = {Quaternary Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1475--1560}
}
@article{gouiza21,
  title = {Rheological inheritance controls the formation of
                  segmented rifted margins in cratonic lithosphere},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  author = {Gouiza, M. and Naliboff, J.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = 4653,
  year = 2021
}
@article{goulding15,
  author = {N. J. Goulding and N. M. Ribe and O. Castelnau and
                  A. M. Walker and J. Wookey},
  title = {Analytical parametrization of self-consistent
                  polycrystal mechanics: {F}ast calculation of upper
                  mantle anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {334--350}
}
@article{goutorbe13,
  title = {An integration to optimally constrain the thermal
                  structure of oceanic lithosphere},
  author = {Goutorbe, Bruno and Hillier, John K},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {432--446},
  year = 2013
}
@article{govers05,
  title = {{Lithosphere tearing at STEP faults: Response to
                  edges of subduction zones}},
  author = {Govers, R and Wortel, MJR},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 236,
  pages = {505--523},
  year = 2005
}
@book{gpl3,
  author = {{Free Software Foundation}},
  title = {{GNU} General Public License, {GPLv3}},
  publisher = {Free Software Foundation},
  editions = 3,
  year = 2007,
  address = {Boston, MA},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html}, accessed
                  01/2020}
}
@article{graham10,
  author = {Graham, C. C. and Stanchits, S. and Main, I. G. and
                  Dresen, G.},
  title = {Comparison of polarity and moment tensor inversion
                  methods for source analysis of acoustic emission
                  data},
  journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {161--169}
}
@article{graham18,
  title = {Global plate motions and earthquake cycle effects},
  author = {Graham, Shannon E and Loveless, John P and Meade,
                  Brendan J},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2032--2048},
  year = 2018
}
@article{granato99,
  author = {Granato, E. and Ying, S. C.},
  title = {Dynamical transitions and sliding friction in the
                  two-dimensional {F}renkel-{K}ontorova model},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {5154--5161}
}
@article{grand02,
  author = {Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Mantle shear-wave tomography and the fate of
                  subducted slabs},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 360,
  pages = {2475--2491}
}
@article{grand94,
  author = {Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Mantle shear structure beneath the {A}mericas and
                  surrounding oceans},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {11591--11621}
}
@article{grand97,
  author = {Grand, S. P. and {van der Hilst}, R. D. and
                  Widiyantoro, S.},
  title = {Global seismic tomography; a snapshot of convection
                  in the {E}arth},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {1--7}
}
@misc{grand_s,
  author = {Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Updated tomographic model based on
                  \cite{grand94,grand97}, accessed 02/2001},
  year = 2001,
  note = {\url{ftp://amazon.geo.utexas.edu/outgoing/steveg/}}
}
@article{granot15,
  title = {{The cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic
                  Ocean}},
  author = {Granot, Roi and Dyment, J{\'e}r{\^o}me},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 414,
  pages = {156--163},
  year = 2015
}
@article{granot16,
  title = {{Palaeozoic oceanic crust preserved beneath the
                  eastern Mediterranean}},
  author = {Granot, Roi},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {701--705},
  year = 2016
}
@article{grassberger83,
  author = {Grassberger, P. and Procaccia, I.},
  title = {Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors},
  journal = {Physica D},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 9,
  pages = 189
}
@article{graveleau12,
  title = {{Experimental modelling of orogenic wedges: A
                  review}},
  author = {Graveleau, Fabien and Malavieille, Jacques and
                  Dominguez, St{\'e}phane},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 538,
  pages = {1--66},
  year = 2012
}
@article{graves11,
  title = {CyberShake: {A} physics-based seismic hazard model
                  for southern {C}alifornia},
  author = {Graves, Robert and Jordan, Thomas H and Callaghan,
                  Scott and Deelman, Ewa and Field, Edward and Juve,
                  Gideon and Kesselman, Carl and Maechling, Philip and
                  Mehta, Gaurang and Milner, Kevin and others},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 168,
  pages = {367--381},
  year = 2011
}
@article{graves96,
  author = {Graves, R. W.},
  title = {Simulating seismic wave propagation in {3D} elastic
                  media using staggered-grid finite differences},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1091--1106}
}
@article{green67,
  author = {Green, D.H. and Ringwood, A.E.},
  title = {The genesis of basaltic magmas},
  journal = {Contrib Mineral. Petrol.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {103--190}
}
@article{green95,
  author = {Green, H. W. and H. Houston},
  title = {The mechanics of deep earthquakes},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {169--213}
}
@article{greenberg02,
  author = {Greenberg, Richard and Geissler, Paul and Hoppa,
                  Gregory and Tufts, B. R.},
  title = {{Tidal-tectonic processes and their implications for
                  the character of Europa's icy crust}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 40,
  number = 2,
  pages = 1004,
  doi = {10.1029/2000RG000096},
  year = 2002
}
@article{greischar80,
  author = {Greischar, L. L. and Bentley, C. R.},
  title = {{Isostatic Equilibrium Grounding Line between the
                  West Antarctic Inland Ice-Sheet and the Ross Ice
                  Shelf}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {651--654}
}
@article{griffin03,
  title = {{The origin and evolution of Archean lithospheric
                  mantle}},
  author = {Griffin, WL and O’Reilly, SY and Abe, N and Aulbach,
                  S and Davies, RM and Pearson, NJ and Doyle, BJ and
                  Kivi, K},
  journal = {Precamb. Res.},
  volume = 127,
  pages = {19--41},
  year = 2003
}
@article{griffin09,
  author = {Griffin, W. L. and O'Reilly, S. Y. and Afonso,
                  J. C. and Begg, G. C.},
  title = {The composition and evolution of lithospheric
                  mantle: a re-evaluation and its tectonic
                  implications},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {1185--1204}
}
@article{griffin20,
  title = {Periodicity and clustering in the long-term
                  earthquake record},
  author = {Griffin, Jonathan D and Stirling, Mark W and Wang,
                  Ting},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  number = 22,
  pages = {e2020GL089272},
  year = 2020
}
@article{griffith04,
  author = {Griffith, W. A. and M. L. Cooke},
  title = {Mechanical validation of the three-dimensional
                  intersection geometry between the {Puente Hills}
                  blind-thrust system and the {Whittier} fault {Los
                  Angeles}, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {493--505}
}
@article{griffith21,
  author = {Griffith, A. A.},
  title = {The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A},
  year = 1921,
  volume = 221,
  pages = {582--593}
}
@incollection{griffith24,
  author = {Griffith, A. A.},
  title = {The Theory of Rupture},
  booktitle = {Proc. 1st. Int. Congr. Appl. Mech.},
  publisher = {Tech. Boekhandel en Drukkerij},
  year = 1924,
  editor = {Bienzano, C. B. und Burgers, J. M.},
  pages = {54--63},
  address = {Delft}
}
@article{griffiths20,
  title = {Non-Newtonian channel flow-exact solutions},
  author = {Griffiths, PT},
  journal = {IMA J. Appl. Math.},
  volume = 85,
  pages = {263--279},
  year = 2020
}
@article{griffiths86a,
  author = {Griffiths, R. W.},
  title = {Thermals in extremely viscous fluids, including the
                  effects of temperature-dependent viscosity},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {115--138}
}
@article{griffiths86b,
  author = {Griffiths, R. W.},
  title = {Particle motions induced by spherical convective
                  elements in {S}tokes flow},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {139--159}
}
@article{griffiths89,
  author = {Griffiths, R. W. and Gurnis, M. and Eitelberg, G.},
  title = {Holographic measurements of surface topography in
                  laboratory models of mantle hotspots},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {477--495}
}
@article{griffiths90,
  title = {Stirring and structure in mantle starting plumes},
  author = {Griffiths, Ross W and Campbell, Ian H},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {66--78},
  year = 1990
}
@article{griffiths95,
  author = {Griffiths, R. W. and Hackney, R. I. and van der
                  Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {A laboratory investigation of effects of trench
                  migration on the descent of subducted slabs},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {1--17}
}
@incollection{griggs69,
  author = {Griggs, D. T. and Baker, D. W.},
  title = {The origin of deep-focus earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Properties of Matter Under Unusual Conditions},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = 1969,
  editor = {H. Mark and S. Fernbach},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{grigne05,
  author = {Grign{\'{e}}, C. and Labrosse, S. and Tackley,
                  P. J.},
  title = {Convective heat transfer as a function of
                  wavelength. {I}mplications for the cooling of the
                  {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB00376}
}
@article{grigne20,
  title = {{Thermal history of the Earth: On the importance of
                  surface processes and the size of tectonic plates}},
  author = {Grign{\'e}, C and Combes, M},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {{e2020GC009123}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{griot98,
  author = {Griot, D.-A. and Montagner, J.-P. and Tapponnier,
                  P.},
  title = {Heterogeneous versus homogeneous strain in central
                  {A}sia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1447--1450}
}
@article{gripp02,
  author = {Gripp, A. E. and Gordon, R. G.},
  title = {Young tracks of hotspots and current plate
                  velocities},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 150,
  pages = {321--361}
}
@article{gripp90,
  author = {Gripp, A. E. and Gordon, R. G.},
  title = {Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots
                  incorporating the {NUVEL-1} global plate motion
                  model},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1109--1112}
}
@article{grose13,
  author = {Grose, Christopher J. and Afonso, Juan Carlos},
  title = {Comprehensive plate models for the thermal evolution
                  of oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {3751--3778},
  year = 2013
}
@article{grose15,
  title = {The hydrothermal power of oceanic lithosphere},
  author = {Grose, CJ and Afonso, JC},
  journal = {Sol. Earth},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1131--1155},
  year = 2015
}
@article{gross97a,
  author = {Gross, S. and Kisslinger, C.},
  title = {Estimating tectonic stress rate and state with
                  {L}anders aftershocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {7603--7612},
  annote = {dieterich model, rate and state friction,
                  aftershocks, landers, coulomb stress}
}
@article{gross97b,
  author = {Gross, S. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R.},
  title = {The Rate and State of Background Stress Estimated
                  from the Aftershocks of the 1989 {L}oma {P}rieta,
                  {C}alifornia, Earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {4915--4927},
  annote = {dieterich aftershock model, loma prieta}
}
@article{grossmann00,
  title = {Scaling in thermal convection: a unifying theory},
  author = {Grossmann, Siegfried and Lohse, Detlef},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 407,
  pages = {27--56},
  year = 2000
}
@article{grove02,
  title = {{The role of an H$_2$O-rich fluid component in the
                  generation of primitive basaltic andesites and
                  andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N California}},
  author = {Grove, T and Parman, S and Bowring, S and Price, R
                  and Baker, M},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  volume = 142,
  pages = {375--396},
  year = 2002
}
@article{grove09,
  title = {Kinematic variables and water transport control the
                  formation and location of arc volcanoes},
  author = {Grove, TL and Till, CB and Lev, E and Chatterjee, N
                  and M{\'e}dard, E},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 459,
  pages = {694--697},
  year = 2009
}
@article{grove12,
  author = {Grove, T. L. and Till, C. B. and Krawczynski, M. J.},
  title = {The role of {H$_2$O} in subduction zone magmatism},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {413--439}
}
@article{growdon09,
  author = {Growdon, M. A. and Pavlis, G. L. and Niu, F. and
                  Vernon, F. L. and Rendon, H.},
  title = {{Constraints on mantle flow at the Caribbean-South
                  American plate boundary inferred from shear wave
                  splitting}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B02303},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005887}
}
@book{gtopo30,
  author = {{EDC}},
  title = {Global 30 Arc Second Elevation Data Set},
  publisher = {EROS Data Center},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Sioux Falls, South Dakota}
}
@article{gu01,
  author = {Gu, Y. J. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Su,
                  W.-j. and Ekstr\"{o}m, G.},
  title = {Models of the Mantle Shear Velocity and
                  Discontinuities in the Pattern of Lateral
                  Heterogeneities},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {11169--11199},
  year = 2001
}
@article{gu03,
  author = {Gu, Y. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m,
                  G.},
  title = {Simultaneous inversion for mantle shear velocity and
                  topography of transition zone discontinuities},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {559--583}
}
@article{gu05,
  author = {Gu, Y. H. and Lerner-Lam, A. L. and Dziewonski,
                  A. M. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Deep structure and seismic anisotropy beneath the
                  {East Pacific Rise}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 232,
  pages = {259--272}
}
@article{gu84,
  author = {Gu, J.-C. and Rice, J. R. and Ruina, A. L. and Tse,
                  S. T.},
  title = {Slip motion and stability of a single degree of
                  freedom elastic system with rate and state dependent
                  friction},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {167--196}
}
@incollection{gu94,
  author = {Gu, Y. and Wong, T.-F.},
  title = {Nonlinear dynamics of the transition from stable
                  sliding to cyclic stick-slip in rock},
  booktitle = {Nonlinear dynamics and predictability of geophysical
                  phenomena},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {Newman, W. I. and Gabrielov, A. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  volume = 83,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  pages = {15--35},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{gu98,
  author = {Gu, Y. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Agee, C. B.},
  title = {Global de-correlation of the topography of
                  transition zone discontinuities},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {57--67}
}
@article{gualandi20,
  title = {The predictable chaos of slow earthquakes},
  author = {Gualandi, A. and Avouac, J.-P. and Michel, S. and
                  Faranda, D.},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {eaaz5548},
  year = 2020
}
@article{gualandi23,
  title = {Deterministic and stochastic chaos characterize
                  laboratory earthquakes},
  author = {Gualandi, A. and Faranda, D. and Marone, C. and
                  Cocco, M. and Mengaldo, G.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 604,
  pages = 117995,
  year = 2023
}
@article{gubanov09,
  author = {Gubanov, A. P. and Mooney, W. D.},
  title = {New global maps of crustal basement age},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 90,
  note = {{F}all Meet. Suppl., Abstract T53B-1583}
}
@article{gubbins04,
  title = {Gross thermodynamics of two-component core
                  convection},
  author = {Gubbins, David and Alfe, Dario and Masters, Guy and
                  Price, G David and Gillan, Michael},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1407--1414},
  year = 2004
}
@article{gudmundsson90,
  author = {Gudmundsson, O. and Davies, J. H. and Clayton,
                  R. W.},
  title = {Stochastic analysis of global traveltime data:
                  mantle heterogeneity and random errors in the {ISC}
                  data},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {25--43}
}
@article{gudmundsson98,
  author = {Gudmundsson, O. and Sambridge, M.},
  title = {A regionalized upper mantle ({RUM}) seismic model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {7121--7136}
}
@mastersthesis{guedez07,
  author = {Gu{\'{e}}dez, M. C.},
  title = {{Crustal structure across the Caribbean-South
                  American Plate boundary at 70W -- Results from
                  seismic refraction and reflection data}},
  school = {Rice University},
  year = 2007,
  address = {Houston}
}
@article{gueguen98,
  author = {Gueguen, E. and Doglioni, C. and Fernandez, M.},
  title = {On the post-25~{M}a geodynamic evolution of the
                  western {M}editerranean},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 298,
  pages = {259--269}
}
@article{gueydan08,
  author = {Gueydan, F. and Morency, C. and Brun, J.-P.},
  title = {Continental rifting as a function of lithosphere
                  mantle strength},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 460,
  pages = {83--93}
}
@article{gueydan14,
  author = {F. Gueydan and J. Pr{\'{e}}cigout},
  title = {Modes of continental rifting as a function of
                  ductile strain localization in the lithospheric
                  mantle},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 612,
  pages = {18--25}
}
@article{gueydan16,
  author = {F. Gueydan and J. Pr{\'{e}}cigout and
                  L. G. J. Mont{\'{e}}si},
  title = {Strain weakening enables continental plate
                  tectonics},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 631,
  pages = {189--196}
}
@article{guieu90,
  author = {Guieu, G. and Roussel, J.},
  title = {Arguments for the pre-rift uplift and rift
                  propagation in the {L}igurian-{P}roven{\c {c}}al
                  basin (northwestern {M}editerranean) in the light of
                  {P}yrenean {P}roven{\c {c}}al orogeny},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1113--1142}
}
@article{guillaume10,
  author = {Guillaume, B. and Moroni, M. and Funiciello, F. and
                  Faccenna, C. and Martinod, J.},
  title = {Mantle flow and dynamic topography associated with
                  slab window opening : {I}nsights from laboratory
                  models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 496,
  pages = {83--98}
}
@article{guillot03,
  author = {Guillot, S. and Garzanti, E. and Baratoux, D. and
                  Marquer, D. and Mah{\'{e}}o, G. and de Sigoyer, J.},
  title = {{Reconstructing the total shortening history of the
                  NW Himalaya}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  number = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000484}
}
@article{guillou95,
  author = {Gouillou-Frottier, L. and Buttles, J. and Olson, P.},
  title = {Laboratory experiments on the structure of subducted
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {19--34}
}
@article{gulcher20,
  title = {{Variable dynamic styles of primordial heterogeneity
                  preservation in the Earth's lower mantle}},
  author = {G{\"{u}}lcher, Anna JP and Gebhardt, David J and
                  Ballmer, Maxim D and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 536,
  pages = 116160,
  year = 2020
}
@article{gulcher21,
  author = {G{\"{u}}lcher, A. J. P. and Ballmer, M. D. and
                  Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {{Coupled dynamics and evolution of primordial and
                  recycled heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle}},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021,
  pages = {2087--2107}
}
@article{gung03,
  author = {Gung, Y. and Panning, M. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 422,
  pages = {707--711}
}
@article{gung04,
  author = {Gung, Y. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {{Q tomography of the upper mantle using
                  three-component long-period waveforms}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {813--830}
}
@article{gupta90,
  author = {Gupta, M. and Kwon, T. H},
  title = {{3-D Flow analysis of non-Newtonian viscous fluids
                  using ``enriched'' finite elements}},
  journal = {Polymer Eng. Sci.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {1420--1430}
}
@article{gurer19,
  title = {{Diachronous demise of the Neotethys Ocean as a
                  driver for non-cylindrical orogenesis in Anatolia}},
  author = {G{\"u}rer, Derya and van Hinsbergen, Douwe JJ},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 760,
  pages = {95--106},
  year = 2019
}
@incollection{gurnis00,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Zhong, S. and Toth, J.},
  title = {On the Competing Roles of Fault Reactivation and
                  Brittle Failure in Generating Plate Tectonics from
                  Mantle Convection},
  booktitle = {The {H}istory and {D}ynamics of {G}lobal {P}late
                  {M}otions},
  year = 2000,
  series = {{G}eophysical {M}onograph},
  editor = {Richards, M. A. and Gordon, R. G. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  publisher = {AGU},
  address = {Washington DC},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {73--94}
}
@article{gurnis00b,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Mitrovica, J. X. and Ritsema, J.  and
                  van Heijst, H.-J.},
  title = {{Constraining mantle density structure using
                  geological evidence of surface uplift rates: The
                  case of the African superplume}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 1,
  number = 1020,
  doi = {10.1029/1999GC000035}
}
@article{gurnis00c,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Ritsema, J. and van Heijst, H.-J.
                  and Zhong, S.},
  title = {{Tonga slab deformation: The influence of a lower
                  mantle upwelling on a slab in a young subduction
                  zone}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {2373--2376}
}
@article{gurnis01,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Sculpting the earth from inside out},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 284,
  pages = {40--47}
}
@article{gurnis86,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Stirring and mixing in the mantle by plate-scale
                  flow: large persistent blobs and long tendrils
                  coexist},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1474--1477}
}
@article{gurnis86b,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Quantitative bounds on the size spectrum of isotopic
                  heterogeneity within the mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 323,
  pages = {317-320}
}
@article{gurnis86c,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Davies, G. F.},
  title = {The effect of depth-dependent viscosity on
                  convective mixing in the mantle and the possible
                  survival of primitive mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {541--544}
}
@article{gurnis86d,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Numerical models of high {R}ayleigh number
                  convection in a medium with depth-dependent
                  viscosity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {523--541}
}
@article{gurnis88,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Controls of the structure of subducted slabs},
  year = 1988,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 335,
  pages = {317--321}
}
@article{gurnis88b,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Large-scale mantle convection and the aggregation
                  and dispersal of supercontinents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 332,
  pages = {695--699}
}
@article{gurnis90,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Ridge spreading, subduction, and sea level
                  fluctuations},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 250,
  pages = {970--972}
}
@article{gurnis90b,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Bounds on global dynamic topography from
                  {P}hanerozoic flooding of continental platforms},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 344,
  pages = {754--756}
}
@article{gurnis92,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Rapid continental subsidence following the
                  initiation and evolution of subduction},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {1556--1558}
}
@article{gurnis93,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Depressed continental hypsometry behind oceanic
                  trenches: a clue to subduction controls on sea-level
                  change},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {29--32}
}
@article{gurnis93b,
  author = {Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Phanerozoic marine inundation of continents driven
                  by dynamic topography above subducting slabs},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 364,
  pages = {589--593}
}
@article{gurnis94,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Torsvik, T.},
  title = {{Rapid drift of large continents during the Late
                  Precambrian and Paleozoic: Paleomagnetic constraints
                  and dynamics models}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1023--1026}
}
@article{gurnis96,
  author = {Gurnis, M. and Eloy, C. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Free-surface formulation of mantle convection
                  --II. {I}mplication for subduction-zone observables},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {719--727}
}
@article{gusman09,
  author = {Gusman, A. R. and Tanioka, Y. and Matsumoto, H. and
                  Iwasaki, S.-I.},
  title = {{Analysis of the tsunami generated by the great 1977
                  Sumba earthquake that occurred in Indonesia}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {2169--2179}
}
@article{gutenberg13,
  title = {{{\"{U}}ber die Konstitution des Erdinnern,
                  erschlossen aus Erdbebenbeobachtungen}},
  author = {Gutenberg, B.},
  journal = {Phys. Z},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {1217--1218},
  year = 1913
}
@article{gutenberg44,
  author = {Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C. F.},
  title = {Frequency of earthquakes in {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1944,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {185--188}
}
@book{gutenberg49,
  author = {Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C.F.},
  title = {Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  address = {Princeton},
  year = 1949
}
@book{gutenberg54,
  author = {Gutenberg, G. and Richter, C. F.},
  title = {Seismicity of the Earth},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 1954,
  address = {Princeton NJ}
}
@article{gutenberg59,
  author = {Gutenberg, B.},
  title = {The asthenosphere low-velocity layer},
  journal = {Annal. Geophys.},
  year = 1959,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {439--460}
}
@article{gutscher00,
  author = {Gutscher, M.-A. and Spakman, W. and Bijwaard, H. and
                  Engdahl, E. R.},
  title = {Geodynamics of flat subduction: {S}eismicity and
                  tomographic constraints from the {A}ndean margin},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {814--833}
}
@article{gutscher02,
  author = {Gutscher, M.-A. and Malod, J. and Rehault, J.-P. and
                  Contrucci, I. and Klingelhoefer, F. and
                  Mendes-Victor, L. and Spakman, W.},
  title = {Evidence for active subduction beneath {G}ibraltar},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {1071--1074}
}
@article{gutscher03,
  author = {Gutscher, M.-A. and Peacock, S. M.},
  title = {Thermal models of flat subduction and the rupture
                  zone of great subduction earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2009,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000787}
}
@article{gutscher99,
  author = {Gutscher, M.-A. and Malavieille, J. and Lallemand,
                  S. and Collot, J.-Y.},
  title = {{Tectonic segmentation of the North Andean margin:
                  impact of the Carnegie Ridge collision}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {255--270}
}
@article{guynn01,
  author = {Guynn, J. H. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. R.},
  title = {Modeling Mantle Contributions to the Global
                  Lithospheric Stress Field (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T12C-0922}
}
@article{gvirtzman16,
  author = {Gvirtzman, Z. and Faccenna, C. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Isostasy, flexure, and dynamic topography},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 683,
  pages = {255--271}
}
@article{gvirtzman21,
  title = {Nucleation fronts ignite the interface rupture that
                  initiates frictional motion},
  author = {Gvirtzman, Shahar and Fineberg, Jay},
  journal = {Nature Phys.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1037--1042},
  year = 2021
}
@article{gvirtzman23,
  author = {Gvirtzman, S. and Fineberg, J.},
  title = {The initiation of frictional motion—The nucleation
                  dynamics of frictional rupture},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 128,
  number = {e2022JB025483},
  doi = {10.1029/2022JB025483}
}
@article{gvirtzman99,
  author = {Gvirtzman, Z. and Nur, A.},
  title = {The formation of {Mount Etna} as the consequence of
                  slab rollback},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 401,
  pages = {782--785}
}
@article{hack57,
  author = {Hack, J. T.},
  title = {Studies of longitudinal stream profiles in
                  {V}irginia and {M}aryland},
  journal = {US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.},
  year = 1957,
  volume = {294-B},
  number = 97
}
@article{hacker03,
  author = {Hacker, B. R. and S. M. Peacock and G. A. Abers and
                  S. D. Holloway},
  title = {Subduction factory 2. {A}re intermediate-depth
                  earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to
                  metamorphic dehydration reactions?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {24627--24637}
}
@article{hacker04,
  author = {Hacker, B. R. and G. A. Abers},
  title = {{Subduction Factory 3: An Excel worksheet and macro
                  for calculating the densities, seismic wave speeds,
                  and H$_2$O contents of minerals and rocks at
                  pressure and temperature}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 5,
  number = {Q01005},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GC000614}
}
@article{hacker08,
  title = {{H$_2$O subduction beyond arcs}},
  author = {Hacker, Bradley R},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q03001},
  year = 2008,
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001707}
}
@article{haddon74,
  author = {Haddon, R. A. and Cleary, J. R.},
  title = {{Evidence for scattering of seismic $PKP$ waves near
                  the core-mantle boundary}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {211--234}
}
@article{hadley77,
  author = {Hadley, D. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Seismic structure of the {T}ransverse {R}anges},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {1469--1478}
}
@phdthesis{haerri1998,
  author = {H\"{a}rri, M.},
  title = {Folding versus faulting of pressure sensitive
                  elastoplastic rocks: application to the Jura
                  Mountains},
  school = {ETH Z\"{u}rich},
  type = {PhD-thesis},
  year = 1998
}
@article{hafkenscheid06,
  author = {Hafkenscheid, E. and Wortel, M. J. R. and Spakman,
                  W.},
  title = {Subduction history of the {T}ethyan region derived
                  from seismic tomography and tectonic
                  reconstructions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B08401},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003791}
}
@article{hager78,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Subduction zone dip angles and flow derived by plate
                  motion},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {111--133}
}
@article{hager78b,
  author = {Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Oceanic plate motions driven by lithospheric
                  thickening and subducted slabs},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 276,
  pages = {156--159}
}
@article{hager79,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Kinematic models of large-scale flow in the
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1031--1048}
}
@article{hager81,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {4843--4867}
}
@article{hager83,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and O'Connell, R. J. and Raefsky, A.},
  title = {Subduction, back-arc spreading and global mantle
                  flow},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {165--189}
}
@article{hager84,
  author = {Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Subducted slabs and the geoid: constraints on mantle
                  rheology and flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {6003--6015}
}
@article{hager85,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and Clayton, R. W. and Richards,
                  M. A. and Comer, R. P. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Lower mantle heterogeneity, dynamic topography and
                  the geoid},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 313,
  pages = {541--545}
}
@incollection{hager89,
  author = {Hager, B. H. and Clayton, R. W.},
  title = {Constraints on the structure of mantle convection
                  using seismic observations, flow models, and the
                  geoid},
  booktitle = {Mantle convection: Plate tectonics and global
                  dynamics},
  publisher = {Gordon and Breach Science Pub.},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Peltier, W. R.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Fluid Mech. Astrophys. Geophys.},
  pages = {657--763},
  address = {New York, NY}
}
@article{hager89b,
  title = {Long-wavelength variations in Earth's geoid:
                  physical models and dynamical implications},
  author = {Hager, BH and Richards, MA},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Ser. A},
  volume = 328,
  pages = {309--327},
  year = 1989
}
@book{hahn,
  author = {Hahn, H.G.},
  title = {Bruchmechanik},
  publisher = {B. G. Teubner},
  year = 1976,
  address = {Stuttgart}
}
@inproceedings{haines11,
  author = {Haines, S.},
  title = {{$PP$ and $PS$ interferometric images of
                  near-seafloor sediments}},
  booktitle = {81st Ann. Internat. Mtg. Soc. Expl. Geophys.
                  (Expanded Abstracts)},
  pages = {1288--1292},
  year = 2011
}
@book{haines15,
  title = {Enhanced surface imaging of crustal deformation:
                  Obtaining tectonic force fields using GPS data},
  author = {Haines, A John and Dimitrova, Lada L and Wallace,
                  Laura M and Williams, Charles A},
  year = 2015,
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{haines19,
  title = {{Slow slip event detection in Cascadia using
                  vertical derivatives of horizontal stress rates}},
  author = {Haines, John and Wallace, Laura M and Dimitrova,
                  Lada},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {5153--5173},
  year = 2019
}
@article{haines93,
  author = {Haines, A. J. and W. E. Holt},
  title = {A procedure to obtain the complete horizontal
                  motions within zones of distributed deformation from
                  the inversion of strain rate data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {12057--12082}
}
@article{hainzl08,
  title = {{Dependence of the Omori-Utsu law parameters on main
                  shock magnitude: Observations and modeling}},
  author = {Hainzl, Sebastian and Marsan, David},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005492},
  year = 2008
}
@article{hale10,
  author = {Hale, A. J. and Gottschaldt, K.-D. and Rosenbaum,
                  G. and Bourgouin, L. and Bauchy, M. and
                  M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H.},
  title = {Dynamics of slab tear faults: {I}nsights from
                  numerical modelling},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 483,
  pages = {58--70}
}
@article{hales05,
  author = {Hales, T. C. and Abt, D. and Humphreys, E. D. and
                  Roering, J.},
  title = {{Columbia River basalt eruptions and uplift of the
                  Wallowa mountains}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 438,
  pages = {842--845}
}
@article{hales36,
  author = {Hales, A. L.},
  title = {Convection currents in the Earth},
  journal = {Roy. Astron. Soc., Geophys. Supp.},
  year = 1936,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {372--379}
}
@article{hales69,
  author = {Hales, A. L.},
  title = {Gravitational sliding and continental drift},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {31--34}
}
@article{hall00,
  author = {Hall, C. E. and Fischer, K. M. and Parmentier,
                  E. M. and Blackman, D. K.},
  title = {The influence of plate motions on three-dimensional
                  back arc mantle flow and shear wave splitting},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {28009--28033}
}
@article{hall02,
  author = {Hall, R.},
  title = {Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of
                  {SE} {A}sia and the {SW Pacific}: computer based
                  reconstructions, model and animations},
  journal = {J. Asian Earth Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {353--434}
}
@article{hall03,
  author = {Hall, C. E. and Gurnis, M. and Sdrolias, M. and
                  Lavier, L. L. and Muller, R. D. },
  title = {Catastrophic initiation of subduction following
                  forced convergence at transform boundaries},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 212,
  pages = {15-30}
}
@article{hall03b,
  author = {Hall, C. E. and Parmentier, E. M.},
  title = {Influence of grain size evolution on convective
                  instability},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  number = 1029,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000308}
}
@article{hall05,
  author = {Hall, C. E. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Strength of fracture zones from their barymetric and
                  gravitational evolution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003312}
}
@article{hall12,
  title = {On the thermal evolution of the mantle wedge at
                  subduction zones},
  author = {Hall, Paul S},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 198,
  pages = {9--27},
  year = 2012
}
@incollection{hall19,
  author = {Hall, Kara L and Vogel, Amanda L and Crowston,
                  Kevin},
  booktitle = {Strategies for Team Science Success},
  pages = {587--611},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Comprehensive collaboration plans: practical
                  considerations spanning across individual
                  collaborators to institutional supports},
  year = 2019
}
@article{hamamoto11,
  author = {Hamamoto, H. and Yamano, M. and Goto, S. and
                  Kinoshita, M. and Fujino, K. and Wang, K.},
  title = {{Heat flow distribution and thermal structure of the
                  Nankai subduction zone off the Kii Peninsula}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q2011},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003623}
}
@article{hamdi07,
  author = {Hamdi, S.  and Schiesser, W. E. and Griffiths, G. W},
  title = {{M}ethod of lines},
  year = 2007,
  journal = {Scholarpedia},
  volume = 2,
  number = 7,
  pages = 2859,
  doi = {10.4249/scholarpedia.2859},
  note = {revision \#124335}
}
@article{hamilton03,
  author = {Hamilton, W. B.},
  title = {An alternative {E}arth},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {4--12}
}
@incollection{hamilton72,
  author = {Hamilton, R. B.},
  title = {Aftershocks of the {B}orrego Mountain earthquake
                  from {A}pril 12 to {J}une 12, 1968},
  booktitle = {The {B}orrego {M}ountain Earthquake of {A}pril 9,
                  1968},
  publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Center},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 787,
  series = {Geol. Surv. Profess. Paper},
  pages = {31--54},
  annote = {aftershocks, coulomb stress}
}
@article{hammond00,
  author = {Hammond, W. C. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Upper mantle seismic wave attenuation: The effect of
                  realistic partial melt distribution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {10975--10986}
}
@article{hammond04,
  author = {Hammond, W. C. and Thatcher, W.},
  title = {Contemporary tectonic deformation of the {B}asin and
                  {R}ange province, western {U}nited {S}tates: 10
                  years of observation with the {Global Positioning
                  System}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002746}
}
@article{hammond12,
  author = {Hammond, W. C. and Blewitt, G. and Li, Z. and Plag,
                  H.-P. and Kreemer, C.},
  title = {{Contemporary uplift of the Sierra Nevada, western
                  United States, from GPS and InSAR measurements}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {667--670}
}
@article{hammond14,
  title = {{Steady contemporary deformation of the central
                  Basin and Range Province, western United States}},
  author = {Hammond, William C and Blewitt, Geoffrey and
                  Kreemer, Corne},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {5235--5253},
  year = 2014
}
@article{han07,
  author = {R. Han and T. Shimamoto and T. Hirose and J.-H. Ree
                  and J. Ando},
  title = {Ultralow friction of carbonate faults caused by
                  thermal decomposition},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 316,
  pages = {878--881}
}
@article{han14,
  title = {{Broadscale postseismic gravity change following the
                  2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and implication for
                  deformation by viscoelastic relaxation and
                  afterslip}},
  author = {Han, Shin-Chan and Sauber, Jeanne and Pollitz, Fred},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {5797--5805},
  year = 2014
}
@article{han17,
  title = {Links between sediment consolidation and {C}ascadia
                  megathrust slip behaviour},
  author = {Han, Shuoshuo and Bangs, Nathan L. and Carbotte,
                  Suzanne M. and Saffer, Demian. M and Gibson, James
                  C.},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {954--959},
  year = 2017
}
@article{han18,
  title = {Preliminary report on the 8 {A}ugust 2017 {M}s 7.0
                  {J}iuzhaigou, {S}ichuan, {C}hina, earthquake},
  author = {Han, Libo and Cheng, Jia and An, Yanru and Fang,
                  Lihua and Jiang, Changsheng and Chen, Bo and Wu,
                  Zhongliang and Liu, Jie and Xu, Xiwei and Liu,
                  Ruifeng and Yao, Zhixiang and Wang, Changzai and
                  Wany, Yushi},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {557--569},
  year = 2018
}
@article{han97,
  author = {Han, D. and Wahr, J.},
  title = {An analysis of anisotropic mantle viscosity, and its
                  possible effects on post-glacial rebound},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {33--50}
}
@article{han99,
  author = {Han, L. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {How valid are dynamical models of subduction and
                  convection when plate motions are prescribed?},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 110,
  pages = {235--246}
}
@article{hanan96,
  author = {B. Hanan and D. Graham},
  title = { Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic
                  basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 272,
  pages = {991--995}
}
@article{hancock99,
  author = {Hancock, G. and Anderson, R. and Chadwick, O. and
                  Finkel, R.},
  title = {{Dating fluvial terraces with $^{10}$Be and
                  $^{26}$Al profiles: Application to the Wind River,
                  Wyoming}},
  journal = {Geomorph.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {1--2}
}
@article{hanks79,
  author = {Hanks, Thomas C. and Kanamori, Hiroo},
  title = {A Moment magnitude scale},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {2348--2350}
}
@article{hansen12,
  author = {Hansen, L. N. and Zimmerman, M. E. and Kohlstedt,
                  D. L.},
  title = {Laboratory measurements of the viscous anisotropy of
                  olivine aggregates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 492,
  pages = {415--418}
}
@article{hansen14,
  author = {L. N. Hansen and Y.-H. Zhao and M. E. Zimmerman and
                  D. L. Kohlstedt},
  title = {Protracted fabric evolution in olivine:
                  {I}mplications for the relationship among strain,
                  crystallographic fabric, and seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 387,
  pages = {157--158}
}
@article{hansen15,
  title = {{Thermal classification of lithospheric
                  discontinuities beneath USArray}},
  author = {Hansen, Steven M and Dueker, Ken and Schmandt,
                  Brandon},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 431,
  pages = {36--47},
  year = 2015
}
@article{hansen16,
  author = {Hansen, L. N. and Qib, C. and Warren, J. M.},
  title = {{Olivine anisotropy suggests Gutenberg discontinuity
                  is not the base of the lithosphere}},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 113,
  pages = {10503--10506}
}
@article{hansen16a,
  author = {L. N. Hansen and J. M. Warren and M. E. Zimmerman
                  and D. L. Kohlstedt},
  title = {{Viscous anisotropy of textured olivine aggregates,
                  Part 1: Measurement of the magnitude and evolution
                  of anisotropy}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 445,
  pages = {92--103}
}
@article{hansen16b,
  author = {L. N. Hansen and C. P. Conrad and Y. Boneh and
                  P. Skemer and J. M. Warren and D. L. Kohlstedt},
  title = {Viscous anisotropy of textured olivine aggregates:
                  2. {M}icromechanical model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013240},
  pages = {7137--7160}
}
@article{hansen19,
  title = {{Low-temperature plasticity in olivine: Grain size,
                  strain hardening, and the strength of the
                  lithosphere}},
  author = {Hansen, Lars N and Kumamoto, Kathryn M and Thom,
                  Christopher A and Wallis, David and Durham, William
                  B and Goldsby, David L and Breithaupt, Thomas and
                  Meyers, Cameron D and Kohlstedt, David L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {5427--5449},
  year = 2019
}
@article{hardebeck01,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Crustal stress field in southern {C}alifornia and
                  its implications for fault mechanics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {21859--21882}
}
@article{hardebeck01b,
  title = {Stress orientations obtained from earthquake focal
                  mechanisms; what are appropriate uncertainty
                  estimates?},
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Hauksson, E.},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {250--262}
}
@article{hardebeck02,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {A new method for determining first-motion focal
                  mechanisms},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2264--2276}
}
@article{hardebeck03,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {Using {S/P} Amplitude Ratios to Constrain the Focal
                  Mechanisms of Small Earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {2434--2444}
}
@article{hardebeck04,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Michael, A. J.},
  title = {Stress orientations at intermediate angles to the
                  {S}an {A}ndreas {F}ault, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003239}
}
@article{hardebeck04b,
  author = {J. L. Hardebeck},
  title = {Stress triggering and earthquake probability
                  estimates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B04310},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002437}
}
@inproceedings{hardebeck05,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Shearer, P. M. and Hauksson,
                  E.},
  title = {A new earthquake focal mechanism catalog for
                  southern {C}alifornia},
  booktitle = {2005 SCEC Annual Meeting Abstracts},
  pages = 130,
  year = 2005,
  address = {Los Angeles, CA},
  organization = {Southern California Earthquake Center}
}
@article{hardebeck06a,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. },
  title = {Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting,
                  stress and fault strength},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 96,
  year = 2006,
  pages = {1675--1688}
}
@article{hardebeck06b,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Michael, A. J.},
  title = {Damped regional-scale stress inversions:
                  {Methodology and examples for southern California
                  and the Coalinga aftershock sequence}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B11310},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004144}
}
@article{hardebeck12,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L.},
  title = {Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to
                  great subduction zone earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L21313},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL053438}
}
@misc{hardebeck13_report,
  author = {J. Hardebeck and B. Aagaard and T. W. Becker and
                  B. Shaw and J. Shaw},
  title = {{Workshop Report for {\em Community Stress Model
                  (CSM) 2012 Workshop}, SCEC Award 12114}},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{sceczero.usc.edu/dashboard/darel/search/product?pid=32},
                  accessed 10/2013},
  year = 2013
}
@article{hardebeck15,
  title = {Stress orientations in subduction zones and the
                  strength of subduction megathrust faults},
  author = {Hardebeck, Jeanne L},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 349,
  pages = {1213--1216},
  year = 2015
}
@article{hardebeck18,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Okada, T.},
  title = {Temporal stress changes caused by earthquakes: A
                  review},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {1350--1365}
}
@article{hardebeck22,
  title = {Physical properties of the crust influence
                  aftershock locations},
  author = {Hardebeck, Jeanne L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 127,
  pages = {e2022JB024727},
  year = 2022
}
@article{hardebeck22b,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Harris, R. A.},
  title = {Earthquakes in the Shadows: {W}hy Aftershocks Occur
                  at Surprising Locations},
  journal = {Seismic Rec.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {207--216}
}
@article{hardebeck24,
  author = {J. L. Hardebeck and Andrea L. Llenos and Andrew
                  J. Michael and Morgan T. Page and Max Schneider and
                  Nicholas J. van der Elst},
  title = {Afterchock forecasting},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2024,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {1--24}
}
@article{hardebeck98,
  author = {Hardebeck, J. L. and Nazareth, J. J. and Hauksson,
                  E.},
  title = {The static stress change triggering model:
                  Constraints from two southern {C}alifornia
                  aftershock sequences},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24427--24437}
}
@article{harden89,
  author = {Harden, J. W. and Matti, J. C.},
  title = {{Holocene and late Pleistocene slip rates on the San
                  Andreas Fault in Yucaipa, California, using
                  displaced alluvial-fan deposits and soil
                  chronology}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {1107--1117}
}
@article{hardie96,
  author = {Hardie, L. A.},
  title = {Secular variation in seawater chemistry: An
                  explanation for the coupled secular variation in the
                  mineralogies of marine limestones and potash
                  evaporates over the past 600 m.y.},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {279--283}
}
@article{harper75,
  author = {Harper, J. F.},
  title = {On the driving forces of plate tectonics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {465--474}
}
@article{harper78,
  author = {Harper, J. F.},
  title = {Asthenosphere flow and plate motions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {87--110}
}
@article{harper84,
  title = {Mantle flow due to internal vertical forces},
  author = {Harper, JF},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {285--290},
  year = 1984
}
@article{harper86,
  author = {Harper, J. F.},
  title = {Mantle flow and plate motions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {155--171}
}
@article{harris09,
  author = {Harris, R. A. and Vorkink, M. W. and Prasetyadi,
                  C. and Roosmawati, N. and Zobell, E. and Apthorpe,
                  M.},
  title = {{Transition from subduction to arc-continent
                  collision: Geological and neotectonic evolution of
                  Savu, Indonesia}},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {152--171}
}
@article{harris11,
  title = {Verifying a computational method for predicting
                  extreme ground motion},
  author = {Harris, Ruth A and Barall, Michael and Andrews,
                  Dudley J and Duan, Benchun and Ma, Shuo and Dunham,
                  Eric M and Gabriel, A-A and Kaneko, Yoshihiro and
                  Kase, Yuko and Aagaard, Brad T and others},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {638--644},
  year = 2011
}
@article{harris18,
  title = {A suite of exercises for verifying dynamic
                  earthquake rupture codes},
  author = {Ruth A. Harris and Michael Barall and Brad Aagaard
                  and Shuo Ma and Daniel Roten and Kim Olsen and
                  Benchun Duan and Dunyu Liu and Bin Luo and Kangchen
                  Bai and Jean-Paul Ampuero and Yoshihiro Kaneko and
                  Alice-Agnes Gabriel and Kenneth Duru and Thomas
                  Ulrich and Stephanie Wollherr and Zheqiang Shi and
                  Eric Dunham and Sam Bydlon and Zhenguo Zhang and
                  Xiaofei Chen and Surendra Nadh Somala and Christian
                  Pelties and Josu{\'{e}} Tago and Victor Manuel
                  Cruz-Atienza and Jeremy Kozdon and Eric Daub and
                  Khurram Aslam and Yuko Kase and Kyle Withers and
                  Luis Dalguer},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {1146--1162},
  year = 2018
}
@article{harris20,
  title = {Array programming with {NumPy}},
  author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and
                  St{'{e}}fan J.  van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and
                  Pauli Virtanen and David Cournapeau and Eric Wieser
                  and Julian Taylor and Sebastian Berg and Nathaniel
                  J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus and Stephan
                  Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew Brett
                  and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{'{a}}ndez del
                  R{'{\i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and
                  Pierre G{'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and
                  Tyler Reddy and Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi
                  and Christoph Gohlke and Travis E. Oliphant},
  year = 2020,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 585,
  pages = {357--362}
}
@article{harris91,
  title = {Temporal distribution of strain in the active
                  {Banda} orogen: a reconciliation of rival
                  hypotheses},
  journal = {J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {373--386},
  year = 1991,
  author = {R. A. Harris}
}
@article{harris92,
  author = {Harris, R. A. and Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {Changes in static stress on {S}outhern {C}alifornia
                  faults after the 1992 {L}anders earthquake},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 360,
  pages = {251--254},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{harris93,
  title = {Dynamics of fault interaction: {P}arallel
                  strike-slip faults},
  author = {Harris, Ruth A and Day, Steven M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {4461--4472},
  year = 1993
}
@article{harris95,
  author = {Harris, R. A. and Simpson, R. W. and Reasenberg,
                  P. A.},
  title = {Influence of static stress changes on earthquake
                  locations in {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {221--224},
  month = {May},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{harris96,
  author = {Harris, R. A. and Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {In the shadow of 1857 -- the effect of the great
                  {F}t. {T}ejon earthquake on subsequent earthquakes
                  in {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {229--232},
  month = {February},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{harris98,
  author = {Harris, R. A.},
  title = {Introduction to special section: Stress Triggers,
                  Stress Shadows, and Implications for Seismic Hazard},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24347--24358},
  annote = {coulomb stress}
}
@article{harris98b,
  author = {Harris, R. A. and Sawyer, R. K. and Audley-Charles,
                  M. G.},
  title = {{Collisional melange development: geologic
                  associations of active melange-forming processes
                  with exhumed melange facies in the western Banda
                  orogen, Indonesia}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {458--480}
}
@article{harrison05,
  author = {Harrison, T. M. and Blichert-Toft, J. and Muller,
                  W. and Albarede, F. and Holden, P. and Mojzsis,
                  S. J.},
  title = {Heterogeneous {H}adean hafnium: {E}vidence of
                  continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5 {Ga}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 310,
  pages = {1947--1950}
}
@article{harrison80,
  author = {Harrison, C. G. A.},
  title = {Spreading rates and heat flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {1041--1044}
}
@article{harry1993,
  author = {Harry, D.L. and Sawyer, D. S. and Leeman, W.P.},
  title = {{The mechanics of continental extension in western
                  North America: implications for the magmatic and
                  structural evolution of the Great Basin}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 117,
  pages = {59--71},
  year = 1993
}
@article{hart84,
  title = {{A large-scale isotope anomaly in the Southern
                  Hemisphere mantle}},
  author = {Hart, Stanley R},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 309,
  pages = {753--757},
  year = 1984
}
@incollection{hart89,
  author = {Hart, S. R. and Zindler, A.},
  title = {Constraints on the nature and development of
                  chemical heterogeneities in the mantle},
  booktitle = {Mantle Convection: Plate Tectonics and Global
                  Dynamics},
  year = 1989,
  publisher = {Gordon and Breach Science Pub.},
  address = {New York},
  editor = {Peltier, W. R.},
  pages = {261--387}
}
@article{hart92,
  author = {S. R. Hart and E. H. Hauri and L. A. Oschmann and
                  J. A. Whitehead},
  title = {Mantle plumes and entrainment: isotopic evidence},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 256,
  pages = {517-520}
}
@article{hartmann75,
  author = {Hartmann, W. K. and Davis, D. R.},
  title = {Satellite-sized planetesimals and lunar origing},
  journal = {Icarus},
  year = 1975,
  volume = {504--515}
}
@article{hartnady91,
  title = {About turn for supercontinents},
  author = {Hartnady, Chris JH},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 352,
  pages = {476--478},
  year = 1991
}
@article{hartog00,
  author = {Hartog, R. and Schwartz, S. Y.},
  title = {Subduction-induced strain in the upper mantle east
                  of the {M}endocino triple junction, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {7909--7930}
}
@article{hartog01,
  author = {Hartog, R. and Schwartz, S. Y.},
  title = {Depth-dependent mantle anisotropy below the {S}an
                  {A}ndreas fault system: Apparent splitting
                  parameters and waveforms},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {4155--4168}
}
@article{harvey23,
  title = {A High-order Accurate Summation-by-Parts Finite
                  Difference Method for Fully-dynamic Earthquake
                  Sequence Simulations within Sedimentary Basins},
  author = {Harvey, Tobias W and Erickson, Brittany A and
                  Kozdon, Jeremy E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {e2022JB025357},
  year = 2023
}
@article{hasegawa11,
  author = {A. Hasegawa and K. Yoshida and T. Okada},
  title = {{Nearly complete stress drop in the 2011 Mw 9.0 off
                  the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Space},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 63,
  pages = {703--707}
}
@article{hasegawa12,
  author = {A. Hasegawa and K. Yoshida and Y. Asano and T. Okada
                  and T. Iinuma and Y. Ito},
  title = {{Change in stress field after the 2011 great
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 355,
  pages = {231--243}
}
@article{hasegawa78,
  title = {{Double-planed structure of the deep seismic zone in
                  the northeastern Japan arc}},
  author = {Hasegawa, Akira and Umino, Norihito and Takagi,
                  Akio},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {43--58},
  year = 1978
}
@article{hashima16,
  author = {Hashima, A. and Becker, T. W. and Freed, A. M. and
                  Sato, H. and Okaya, D. A.},
  title = {{Coseismic deformation due to the 2011 Tohoku-oki
                  earthquake: influence of 3-D elastic structure
                  around Japan}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 68,
  number = 159
}
@article{hashima17,
  title = {A megathrust earthquake cycle model for {Northeast
                  Japan}: bridging the mismatch between geological
                  uplift and geodetic subsidence},
  author = {Hashima, Akinori and Sato, Toshinori},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 69,
  number = 23,
  year = 2017
}
@article{hashimoto09,
  author = {C. Hashimoto and A. Noda and T. Sagiya and
                  M. Matsu{\'u}ra},
  title = {Interplate seismogenic zones along the {Kuril-Japan
                  trench inferred from GPS data inversion}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {141--144}
}
@article{hashin63,
  title = {A variational approach to the theory of the elastic
                  behaviour of multiphase materials},
  author = {Hashin, Zvi and Shtrikman, Shmuel},
  journal = {J Mech. Phys. Solids},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {127--140},
  year = 1963
}
@article{haskell35,
  author = {Haskell, N. A.},
  title = {The motion of a fluid under a surface load},
  journal = {Physics},
  year = 1935,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {265--269}
}
@article{hassan16,
  title = {A rapid burst in hotspot motion through the
                  interaction of tectonics and deep mantle flow},
  author = {Hassan, Rakib and M{\"u}ller, R Dietmar and Gurnis,
                  Michael and Williams, Simon E and Flament, Nicolas},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 533,
  pages = {239--242},
  year = 2016
}
@article{hassani97,
  author = {Hassani, R. and Jongmans, D. and Ch{\'{e}}ry, J.},
  title = {Study of plate deformation and stress in subduction
                  processes using two-dimensional numerical models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {17951--17965}
}
@article{hasterok13,
  author = {Hasterok, D.},
  title = {A heat flow based cooling model for tectonic plates},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {34--43}
}
@article{hasterok13b,
  title = {Global patterns and vigor of ventilated hydrothermal
                  circulation through young seafloor},
  author = {Hasterok, D},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 380,
  pages = {12--20},
  year = 2013
}
@article{hasterok22,
  title = {New maps of global geological provinces and tectonic
                  plates},
  author = {Hasterok, Derrick and Halpin, Jacqueline A and
                  Collins, Alan S and Hand, Martin and Kreemer,
                  Corn{\'e} and Gard, Matthew G and Glorie, Stijn},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 231,
  pages = 104069,
  year = 2022
}
@article{hatzfeld01,
  author = {Hatzfeld, D. and Karagianni, E. and Kassaras, I. and
                  Kiratzi, A. and Louvari, E. and Lyon-Caen, H. and
                  Makropoulos, K. and Papadimitriou, P. and Bock,
                  G. and Priestley, K.},
  title = {Shear wave anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath
                  the {A}egean related to internal deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {30737--30753}
}
@article{hatzfeld10,
  author = {Hatzfeld, D. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {{Comparisons of the kinematics and deep structures
                  of the Zagros and Himalaya and of the Iranian and
                  {T}ibetan plateaus and geodynamic implications}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 48,
  number = {RG2005},
  doi = {10.1029/2009RG000304}
}
@article{hauck99,
  author = {Hauck, S. A. and Phillips, R. J. and Hofmeister,
                  A. M.},
  title = {Variable conductivity: effects on the thermal
                  structure of subducting slabs},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {3257--3260}
}
@article{hauksson,
  author = {Hauksson, E. and others},
  title = {The 1992 {L}anders Earthquake Sequence:
                  {S}eismological Observations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {19835--19858}
}
@article{hauksson00,
  author = {Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Crustal structure and seismicity distribution
                  adjacent to the {P}acific and {N}orth {A}merica
                  plate boundary in southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {13875--13903}
}
@article{hauksson03,
  author = {Hauksson, E. and Chi, W.-C and Shearer, P.},
  title = {Comprehensive waveform cross-correlation of southern
                  California seismograms: Part 1. Refined hypocenters
                  obtained using the double-difference method and
                  tectonic implications (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  volume = 84,
  number = 46,
  year = 2003,
  pages = {S21D--0325}
}
@article{hauksson08,
  author = {Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Large earthquakes, aftershocks, and background
                  seismicity: analysis of interseismic and coseismic
                  spatial seismicity patterns in southern
                  {California}},
  journal = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual
                  Meeting, Proceedings and Abstracts},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 18,
  pages = 145,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2008am/2008SCECAnnualMeetingVolume.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2009}
}
@article{hauksson10,
  author = {Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Spatial Separation of Large Earthquakes,
                  Aftershocks, and Background Seismicity: {A}nalysis
                  of Interseismic and Coseismic Seismicity Patterns in
                  {Southern California}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {979--997}
}
@article{hauksson12,
  author = {Hauksson, E. and Yang, W. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {Waveform relocated earthquake catalog for {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia (1981 to 2011)},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 102,
  notes = {GrowClust version, catalog as of 2022},
  pages = {2239--2244}
}
@article{hauksson97,
  author = {Hauksson, E. and Haase, J. S.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional $V_p$ and $V_p/V_s$ velocity
                  models of the Los Angeles basin and central
                  Transverse Ranges, California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {5423--5452}
}
@article{hauri97,
  title = {Rhenium abundances and systematics in oceanic
                  basalts},
  author = {Hauri, Erik H and Hart, Stanley R},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  volume = 139,
  pages = {185--205},
  year = 1997
}
@article{hawkesworth10,
  title = {The generation and evolution of the continental
                  crust},
  author = {Hawkesworth, Chris J and Dhuime, B and Pietranik, AB
                  and Cawood, PA and Kemp, AIS and Storey, CD},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc.},
  volume = 167,
  number = 2,
  pages = {229--248},
  year = 2010
}
@article{hawley16,
  author = {Hawley, W. B. and Allen, R. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {{Tomography reveals buoyant asthenosphere
                  accumulating beneath the Juan de Fuca plate}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 353,
  pages = {1406--1408}
}
@article{hawley19,
  title = {{The fragmented death of the Farallon plate}},
  author = {Hawley, William B and Allen, Richard M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {7386--7394},
  year = 2019
}
@article{hawthorne13,
  title = {Laterally propagating slow slip events in a rate and
                  state friction model with a velocity-weakening to
                  velocity-strengthening transition},
  author = {Hawthorne, JC and Rubin, AM},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {3785--3808},
  year = 2013
}
@article{hawthorne18,
  title = {Observing and modeling the spectrum of a slow slip
                  event},
  author = {Hawthorne, JC and Bartlow, NM},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {4243--4265},
  year = 2018
}
@techreport{hayes18,
  author = {Hayes, G.},
  title = {{Slab2 - A Comprehensive Subduction Zone Geometry
                  Model}},
  institution = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 2018,
  doi = {10.5066/F7PV6JNV},
  note = {{U.S. Geological Survey} data release}
}
@article{hayman14,
  author = {Hayman, N. and Lavier, L. L.},
  title = {The geologic record of deep episodic tremor and
                  slip},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {195--198}
}
@article{hays73,
  author = {Hays, J. D. and Pitman III, W. C.},
  title = {Lithospheric plate motion, sea level changes, and
                  climatic and ecological consequences},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 246,
  pages = {18--22}
}
@article{hays76,
  title = {{Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the
                  Ice Ages}},
  author = {Hays, James D and Imbrie, John and Shackleton,
                  Nicholas J},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 194,
  pages = {1121--1132},
  year = 1976
}
@article{hayward15,
  title = {{Subsidence-driven environmental change in three
                  Holocene embayments of Ahuriri Inlet, Hikurangi
                  subduction margin, New Zealand}},
  author = {Hayward, Bruce W and Grenfell, Hugh R and Sabaa,
                  Ashwaq T and Clark, Kate J and Cochran, Ursula A and
                  Palmer, Alan S},
  journal = {New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys.},
  volume = 58,
  pages = {344--363},
  year = 2015
}
@article{he07,
  title = {Frictional sliding of gabbro gouge under
                  hydrothermal conditions},
  author = {He, Changrong and Wang, Zeli and Yao, Wenming},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 445,
  pages = {353--362},
  year = 2007
}
@article{healy09,
  author = {D. Healy and S. M. Reddy and N. E. Timms and
                  E. M. Gray and A. V. Brovarone},
  title = {Trench-parallel fast axes of seismic anisotropy due
                  to fluid-filled cracks in subducting slabs},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {75--86}
}
@book{hearmon61,
  author = {Hearmon, R. F. S.},
  title = {An introduction to applied anisotropic elasticity},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1961,
  address = {London}
}
@article{hearn03,
  author = {Hearn, E. H.},
  title = {What can {GPS} Tell us About the Dynamics of
                  Postseismic Deformation?},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {753--777}
}
@article{hearn09,
  title = {{Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and
                  dynamics of the North Anatolian Fault Zone}},
  author = {Hearn, EH and McClusky, Simon and Ergintav, Semih
                  and Reilinger, RE},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B08405},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006026},
  year = 2009
}
@article{hearn13,
  author = {Hearn, E. H. and Pollitz, F. F. and Thatcher,
                  W. R. and Onishi, C. T.},
  title = {How do ``ghost transients'' from past earthquakes
                  affect {GPS} slip rate estimates on southern
                  {California} faults?},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {828--838},
  year = 2013
}
@techreport{hearn18,
  author = {Hearn, E. H.},
  title = {2018 CRM Workshop Report},
  institution = {Southern California Earthquake center},
  year = 2018,
  number = {Available online at
                  \url{files.scec.org/s3fs-public/reports/2018/18202_report.pdf},
                  accessed 02/2019},
  address = {University of Southern California, Los Angeles}
}
@article{hearn19,
  author = {Hearn, E. H.},
  title = {{Kinematics of southern California crustal
                  deformation: Insights from finite-element models}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = {{2019}},
  volume = {{758}},
  pages = {{12--28}}
}
@article{hearn96,
  author = {Hearn, T. M.},
  title = {Anisotropic {$P$}$_n$ tomography in the western
                  {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8403--8414},
  year = 1996
}
@article{hearn97,
  title = {Effect of anisotropy on oceanic upper mantle
                  temperatures, structure, and dynamics},
  author = {Hearn, Elizabeth Harding and Humphreys, Eugene D and
                  Chai, Mu and Brown, J Michael},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {11943--11956},
  year = 1997,
  note = {correction: \cite{hearn99}}
}
@article{hearn99,
  author = {Hearn, E. H. and Humphreys, E. D. and Chai, M. and
                  Brown, J. M.},
  title = {{Correction to ``Effect of anisotropy on oceanic
                  upper mantle temperatures, structure, and dynamics''
                  by Elizabeth Harding Hearn, Eugene D. Humphreys, Mu
                  Chai, and J. Michael Brown}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {1193--1195},
  year = 1999
}
@article{hearn99b,
  title = {{Uppermost mantle velocities and anisotropy beneath
                  Europe}},
  author = {Hearn, T. M.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15123--15139},
  year = 1999
}
@article{heaton75,
  author = {Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Tidal triggering of earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {307--326}
}
@article{heaton82,
  author = {Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Tidal triggering of earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {2181--2200}
}
@article{heaton90,
  author = {Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses
                  of slip in earthquake rupture},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 64,
  pages = {1--20}
}
@article{heck08,
  author = {van Heck, H. J. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Planforms of self-consistently generated plate
                  tectonics in {3-D} spherical geometry},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L19312},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL035190}
}
@article{heck11,
  title = {{Plate tectonics on super-Earths: equally or more
                  likely than on Earth}},
  author = {van Heck, H. J. and Tackley, P. J.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 310,
  pages = {252--261},
  year = 2011
}
@article{hedlin97,
  author = {Hedlin, M. A. H. and Shearer, P. M. and Earle,
                  P. S.},
  title = {{Seismic evidence for small-scale heterogeneity
                  throughout the Earth's mantle}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 387,
  pages = {145--150}
}
@book{heezen59,
  title = {The floors of the oceans},
  author = {Heezen, Bruce C and Tharp, Marie and Ewing, Maurice},
  volume = 65,
  year = 1959,
  dpo = {10.1130/SPE65-p1},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America}
}
@book{heezen77,
  title = {World ocean floor},
  author = {Heezen, Bruce C and Tharp, Marie and Berann,
                  Heinrich C and Vielkind, Heinz and MacDonald,
                  Suzanne B},
  year = 1977,
  publisher = {US Navy},
  note = {Available online at \url{lccn.loc.gov/2010586277},
                  accessed 01/2023}
}
@book{heidbach00,
  author = {Heidbach, O.},
  title = {Der {M}ittelmeerraum: numerische {M}odellierung der
                  {L}ithosph{\"{a}}rendynamik im Vergleich mit
                  Ergebnissen aus der Satellitengeod{\"{a}}sie},
  publisher = {Beck},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 525,
  series = {Deutsche Geod{\"{a}}tische Kommission bei der
                  Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Reihe C,
                  Dissertationen},
  address = {M{\"{u}}nchen}
}
@misc{heidbach08,
  author = {Heidbach, O. and Tingay, M. and Barth, A. and
                  Reinecker, J. and Kurfe\ss, D. and M{\"{u}}ller, B.},
  title = {The {World Stress Map} database release 2008},
  doi = {10.1594/GFZ.WSM.Rel2008},
  year = 2008
}
@article{heidbach18,
  title = {The {World Stress Map} database release 2016:
                  {C}rustal stress pattern across scales},
  author = {Heidbach, Oliver and Rajabi, Mojtaba and Cui,
                  Xiaofeng and Fuchs, Karl and M{\"u}ller, Birgit and
                  Reinecker, John and Reiter, Karsten and Tingay, Mark
                  and Wenzel, Friedemann and Xie, Furen and others},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 744,
  pages = {484--498},
  year = 2018
}
@article{heijst99,
  author = {van Heijst, H. J. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Global high-resolution phase velocity distributions
                  of overtone and fundamental-mode surface waves
                  determined by mode branch stripping},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 137,
  pages = {601--620}
}
@article{heilman22,
  author = {Heilman, E. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Plume-slab interactions can shut off subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {e2022GL099286}
}
@article{heilman24,
  author = {Heilman, E. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Plume-driven subduction termination in 3-D mantle
                  convection models (preprint)}},
  journal = {Authorea},
  year = 2024,
  doi = {10.22541/au.170967568.88558763/v1}
}
@article{heimpel96,
  author = {Heimpel, M. and Olson, P.},
  title = {A Seismodynamical Model of Lithosphere Deformation:
                  {D}evelopment of Continental and oceanic rift
                  networks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {16155--16176}
}
@article{heimpel97,
  author = {Heimpel, M.},
  title = {Critical behaviour and the evolution of fault
                  strength during earthquake cycles},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 388,
  pages = {865--868}
}
@article{heimpel98,
  author = {Heimpel, M.},
  title = {Aseismic slip in earthquake nucleation and
                  self-similarity: evidence from {P}arkfield,
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {249--254}
}
@inproceedings{heinecke14,
  title = {Petascale high order dynamic rupture earthquake
                  simulations on heterogeneous supercomputers},
  author = {Heinecke, Alexander and Breuer, Alexander and
                  Rettenberger, Sebastian and Bader, Michael and
                  Gabriel, Alice-Agnes and Pelties, Christian and
                  Bode, Arndt and Barth, William and Liao, Xiang-Ke
                  and Vaidyanathan, Karthikeyan and Smelyanskiy,
                  Mikhail and Dubey, Pradeep},
  booktitle = {SC'14: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  pages = {3--14},
  year = 2014,
  organization = {IEEE}
}
@article{heintz05,
  title = {{Upper mantle structure of the South American
                  continent and neighboring oceans from surface wave
                  tomography}},
  author = {Heintz, M. and Debayle, E. and Vauchez, A.},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 406,
  pages = {115--139},
  year = 2005
}
@article{heintz06,
  author = {Heintz, M. and Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {The apparently isotropic {A}ustralian upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  number = {L15319},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL026401}
}
@article{heise13,
  title = {Changes in electrical resistivity track changes in
                  tectonic plate coupling},
  author = {Heise, Wiebke and Caldwell, T Grant and Bertrand,
                  Edward A and Hill, Graham J and Bennie, Stewart L
                  and Ogawa, Yasuo},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {5029--5033},
  year = 2013
}
@article{heiskanen31,
  author = {Heiskanen, W.},
  title = {Isostatic tables for the reduction of gravimetric
                  observations calculated on the basis of {A}iry's
                  hypothesis},
  journal = {Bulletin G{\'{e}}od{\'{e}}sique},
  year = 1931,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {110--129}
}
@article{heister17,
  author = {Heister, T. and Dannberg, J. and Gassm{\"{o}}ller,
                  R. and Bangerth, W. },
  title = {{High accuracy mantle convection simulation through
                  modern numerical methods – II: Realistic models and
                  problems}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 210,
  pages = {833--851}
}
@article{helffrich00,
  author = {Helffrich, G.},
  title = {Topography of the transition zone seismic
                  discontinuities},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {141--158}
}
@article{helffrich02,
  author = {G. Helffrich and D. A. Wiens and E. Vera and
                  S. Barrientos and P. Shore and S. Robertson and
                  R. Adaros},
  title = {{A teleseismic shear-wave splitting study to
                  investigate mantle flow around South America and
                  implications for plate-driving forces}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {F1--F7}
}
@article{heller96,
  author = {Heller, P. L. and Anderson, D. L. and Angevine,
                  C. L.},
  title = {Cretaceous pulse of rapid seafloor spreading: real
                  or necessary?},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {491--494}
}
@article{helmberger98,
  title = {Seismic evidence that the source of the Iceland
                  hotspot lies at the core--mantle boundary},
  author = {Helmberger, DV and Wen, L and Ding, X},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 396,
  pages = {251--255},
  year = 1998
}
@article{helmstetter03,
  title = {{B{\aa}th's law derived from the Gutenberg-Richter
                  law and from aftershock properties}},
  author = {Helmstetter, Agnes and Sornette, Didier},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 30,
  number = 2069,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018186},
  year = 2003
}
@article{helmstetter03b,
  author = {Helmstetter, Agn{\`{e}}s and Sornette, Didier},
  title = {Foreshocks explained by cascades of triggered
                  seismicity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = 2457,
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002409},
  year = 2003
}
@article{helmstetter06,
  author = {Helmstetter, A. and Shaw, B. E. },
  title = {Relation between stress heterogeneity and aftershock
                  rate in the rate-and-state model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B07304},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004077}
}
@article{henstock97,
  author = {Henstock, T. J. and Levander, A. and Hole, J.  A.},
  title = {{Deformation in the lower crust of the San Andreas
                  Fault system in Northern California}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 278,
  pages = {650--653}
}
@article{henyey,
  author = {Henyey, F.S. and Pomphrey, N.},
  title = {Self-Consistent Elastic Moduli of a Cracked Solid},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {903--906},
  month = {August}
}
@article{herbert13,
  author = {J. W. Herbert and M. L. Cooke and M. Oskin and
                  O. Difo},
  title = {{How much can off-fault deformation contribute to
                  the slip rate discrepancy within the eastern
                  California shear zone?}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {71--75}
}
@article{herman13,
  title = {Worldwide acceleration of mountain erosion under a
                  cooling climate},
  author = {Herman, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Seward, Diane and
                  Valla, Pierre G and Carter, Andrew and Kohn, Barry
                  and Willett, Sean D and Ehlers, Todd A},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 504,
  pages = {423--426},
  year = 2013
}
@article{herman21,
  title = {The impact of glaciers on mountain erosion},
  author = {Herman, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and De Doncker, Fien and
                  Delaney, Ian and Prasicek, G{\"u}nther and Koppes,
                  Mich{\`e}le},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Earth \& Environ.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {422--435},
  year = 2021
}
@article{hernandez14,
  title = {{Understanding kinematics of intra-arc transcurrent
                  deformation: Paleomagnetic evidence from the
                  Liqui{\~n}e-Ofqui fault zone}},
  author = {Hernandez, C and Speranza, F},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {1964--1988},
  year = 2014
}
@article{hernlund05,
  author = {Hernlund, J. W. and Thomas, C. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {{Phase boundary double crossing and the structure of
                  Earth's deep mantle}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 434,
  pages = {882--886}
}
@article{hernlund08,
  author = {Hernlund, J. W. and Houser, C.},
  title = {On the statistical distribution of seismic
                  velocities in the {E}arth's deep mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 265,
  pages = {423--437}
}
@article{hernlund08b,
  author = {Hernlund, J. W. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Modeling mantle convection in the spherical annulus},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {48--54}
}
@article{herrendoerfer18,
  title = {An invariant rate-and state-dependent friction
                  formulation for viscoeastoplastic earthquake cycle
                  simulations},
  author = {Herrend{\"o}rfer, Robert and Gerya, Taras and Van
                  Dinther, Ylona},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {5018--5051},
  year = 2018
}
@article{herrendorfer15,
  author = {Herrend{\"{o}}rfer, R. and van Dinther, Y. and
                  Gerya, T. and Dalguer, L. A.},
  title = {Earthquake supercycle in subduction zones controlled
                  by the width of the seismogenic zone},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {471--474}
}
@article{herring50,
  author = {Herring, C.},
  title = {Diffusional Viscosity of a Polycrystalline Solid},
  journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
  year = 1950,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {437--445}
}
@article{herrmann11,
  author = {Herrmann, R. B. and Benz, H. and Ammon, C. J.},
  title = {Monitoring the earthquake process in {North
                  America}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {2609--2625},
  note = {Catalog available online at
                  \url{www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/MECHFIG/mech.html},
                  accessed 12/2014}
}
@article{herzberg07,
  author = {Herzberg, C. and Asimow, P. D. and Arndt, N. and
                  Niu, Y. and Lesher, C. M. and Fitton, J. G. and
                  Cheadle, M. J. and Saunders, A. D.},
  title = {Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes:
                  {C}onstraints from basalts, picrites, and
                  komatiites},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2006GC001390},
  year = 2007,
  number = {Q02006}
}
@article{herzberg10,
  title = {Thermal history of the Earth and its petrological
                  expression},
  author = {Herzberg, Claude and Condie, Kent and Korenaga, Jun},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 292,
  pages = {79--88},
  year = 2010
}
@article{herzberg90,
  title = {Origin of mantle peridotite: constraints from
                  melting experiments to 16.5 GPa},
  author = {Herzberg, Claude and Gasparik, Tibor and Sawamoto,
                  Hiroshi},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {15779--15803},
  year = 1990
}
@article{herzberg93,
  author = {Herzberg, C. T.},
  title = {{Lithosphere peridotites of the Kaapvaal craton}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {13--29}
}
@article{herzberg96,
  author = {Herzberg, C. and Zhang, J.},
  title = {Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite {KLB}-1:
                  Composition of magmas in the upper mantle and
                  transition zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8271--8295}
}
@incollection{hess62,
  author = {Hess, H.},
  title = {History of ocean basins},
  booktitle = {{Petrologic Studies - A Volume in Honor of
                  A. F. Buddington}},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1962,
  editor = {Engeln, A. and James, H. and Leonard, B.},
  pages = {599--620},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{hess64,
  author = {Hess, H. H.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under
                  oceans},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1964,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {629--631}
}
@article{hesthaven18,
  title = {Non-intrusive reduced order modeling of nonlinear
                  problems using neural networks},
  author = {Hesthaven, Jan S and Ubbiali, Stefano},
  journal = {J. Comp. Phys.},
  volume = 363,
  pages = {55--78},
  year = 2018
}
@article{hetland05,
  author = {Hetland, E. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {{Postseismic and interseismic displacements near a
                  strike-slip fault: A two-dimensional theory for
                  general linear viscoelastic rheologies}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B10401},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003689}
}
@article{hetland06,
  title = {Interseismic strain accumulation: {S}pin-up, cycle
                  invariance, and irregular rupture sequences},
  author = {Hetland, E. A. and Hager, B. H.},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  number = {Q05004},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001087},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2006
}
@article{hetland06b,
  author = {Hetland, E. A. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {The effects of rheological layering on post-seismic
                  deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {277--292}
}
@article{hetzel06,
  author = {Hetzel, R. and Niedermann, S. and Tao, M. X. and
                  Kubik, P. W. and Strecker, M. R.},
  title = {{Climatic versus tectonic control on river incision
                  at the margin of NE Tibet: $^{10}$Be exposure dating
                  of river terraces at the mountain front of the
                  Qilian Shan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {F03012},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JF000352}
}
@article{heuret05,
  author = {Heuret, A. and Lallemand, S.},
  title = {Plate motions, slab dynamics and back-arc
                  deformation},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {31--51}
}
@article{heuret07,
  author = {Heuret, A. and Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and
                  Lallemand, S.},
  title = {Plate kinematics, slab shape and back-arc stress: A
                  comparison between laboratory models and current
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 256,
  pages = {473--483}
}
@article{heuret11,
  author = {Heuret, A. and S. Lallemand and F. Funiciello and
                  C. Piromallo and C. Faccenna},
  title = {Physical characteristics of subduction interface
                  type seismogenic zones revisited},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q01004},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003230}
}
@article{heuret12,
  title = {Relation between subduction megathrust earthquakes,
                  trench sediment thickness and upper plate strain},
  author = {Heuret, Arnauld and Conrad, CP and Funiciello, F and
                  Lallemand, Serge and Sandri, L},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2012,
  number = {L05304},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL050712}
}
@article{hewitt75,
  title = {Dissipative heating in convective flows},
  author = {Hewitt, JM and McKenzie, DP and Weiss, NO},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 68,
  pages = {721--738},
  year = 1975
}
@article{hey98,
  author = {Hey, R. N.},
  title = {Speculative propagating rift-subduction zone
                  interactions with possible consequences for
                  continental margin evolution},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {247--250}
}
@article{heyn20,
  title = {How thermochemical piles can (periodically) generate
                  plumes at their edges},
  author = {Heyn, Bj{\"o}rn H and Conrad, Clinton P and
                  Tr{\o}nnes, Reidar G},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  number = 6,
  pages = {{e2019JB018726}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{hicks12,
  author = {S. P. Hicks and S. E.J. Nippress and A. Rietbrock},
  title = {Sub-slab mantle anisotropy beneath south-central
                  {C}hile},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 357,
  pages = {203--213}
}
@article{hicks14,
  author = {S. P. Hicks and A. Rietbrock and I. M. A. Ryder and
                  C.-S. Lee and M. Miller},
  title = {{Anatomy of a megathrust: The 2010 M8. 8 Maule,
                  Chile earthquake rupture zone imaged using seismic
                  tomography}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 405,
  pages = {142--155}
}
@article{hieronymus04,
  author = {Hieronymus, C. F.},
  title = {Control on seafloor spreading geometries by stress-
                  and strain-induced lithospheric weakening},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 222,
  year = 2004,
  pages = {177--189}
}
@article{hildebrand91,
  title = {{Chicxulub crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary
                  boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Peninsula,
                  Mexico}},
  author = {Hildebrand, Alan R and Penfield, Glen T and Kring,
                  David A and Pilkington, Mark and Camargo Z, Antonio
                  and Jacobsen, Stein B and Boynton, William V},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {867--871},
  year = 1991
}
@article{hill52,
  author = {Hill, H. H.},
  title = {The elastic behavior of a crystalline aggregate},
  journal = {Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sec. A},
  year = 1952,
  volume = 65,
  pages = {349--354}
}
@article{hillers07,
  author = {Hillers, G. and Mai, P. M. and Ben-Zion, Y. and
                  Ampuero, J.-P.},
  title = {Statistical properties of seismicity of fault zones
                  at different evolutionary stages},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 169,
  year = 2007,
  pages = {515--533}
}
@book{hilley22,
  author = {Hilley, G. E. and Brodsky, E.E. and Roman, D. and
                  Shillington, D. J. and Brudzinski, M. and Behn,
                  M. and Tobin, H. and {the SZ4D RCN}},
  title = {SZ4D Implementation Plan},
  publisher = {Stanford Digital Repository},
  year = 2022
}
@article{hilley22b,
  title = {{Seasonal and multiyear changes in CO$_2$ degassing
                  at Mammoth Mountain explained by solid-earth-driven
                  fault valving}},
  author = {Hilley, George E and Lewicki, Jennifer L and Baden,
                  Curtis W},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {e2021GL096595},
  year = 2022
}
@article{hilst04,
  author = {van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Changing views on {E}arth's deep mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 306,
  pages = {817--818}
}
@article{hilst91,
  author = {van der Hilst, R. D. and Engdahl, E. R. and Spakman,
                  W. and Nolet, T.},
  title = {Tomographic imaging of subducted lithosphere below
                  northwest {P}acific island arcs},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 353,
  pages = {47--53}
}
@article{hilst93,
  author = {{van der Hilst}, R. D. and Seno, T.},
  title = {Effects of relative plate motion on the deep
                  structure and penetration depth of slabs below the
                  {I}zu-{B}onin and {M}ariana island arcs},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {395--407}
}
@article{hilst94,
  author = {van der Hilst, R. D. and Mann, P.},
  title = {{Tectonic implications of tomographic images of
                  subducted lithosphere beneath northwestern South
                  America}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {451--454}
}
@article{hilst95,
  author = {{van der Hilst}, R. D.},
  title = {Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the
                  mantle beneath the {T}onga trench},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 374,
  pages = {154--157}
}
@article{hilst97,
  author = {{van der Hilst}, R. D. and Widiyantoro, S. and
                  Engdahl, E. R.},
  title = {Evidence of deep mantle circulation from global
                  tomography},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 386,
  pages = {578--584}
}
@article{hilst98,
  author = {{van der Hilst}, R. D. and K{\'{a}}rason, H.},
  title = {Aspherical structure of the bottom half of {E}arth's
                  mantle},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = 213
}
@article{hilst99,
  author = {van der Hilst, R. D. and K{\'{a}}rason, H.},
  title = {Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000
                  kilometers of {E}arth's mantle: toward a hybrid
                  convection model},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1885--1887}
}
@article{hindle1999,
  author = {Hindle, D. and Burkhard, M.},
  title = {Strain, displacement and rotation associated with
                  the formation of curvature in fold belts; the
                  example of the Jura arc},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {1089--1101},
  year = 1999
}
@article{hindle2000,
  author = {Hindle, D. and Besson, O. and Burkhard, M.},
  title = {A model of displacement and strain for arc-shaped
                  mountain belts applied to the Jura arc},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1285--1296},
  year = 2000
}
@article{hinsbergen11,
  author = {van Hinsbergen, D. J. J. and Kapp, P. and
                  Dupont-Nivet, G. and Lippert, P and DeCelles, P. and
                  Torsvik, T.},
  title = {{Restoration of Cenozoic deformation in Asia, and
                  the size of Greater India}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 30,
  number = {TC5003},
  doi = {10.1029/2011TC002908}
}
@article{hinzen03,
  author = {Hinzen, K.-G.},
  title = {Stress field in the {N}orthern {R}hine area,
                  {C}entral {E}urope, from earthquake fault plane
                  solutions},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 377,
  pages = {325--356}
}
@article{hirata89,
  title = {{Fractal dimension of fault systems in Japan:
                  fractal structure in rock fracture geometry at
                  various scales}},
  author = {Hirata, Takayuki},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 131,
  pages = {157--170},
  year = 1989
}
@article{hirauchi16,
  title = {Reaction-induced rheological weakening enables
                  oceanic plate subduction},
  author = {Hirauchi, Ken-ichi and Fukushima, Kumi and Kido,
                  Masanori and Muto, Jun and Okamoto, Atsushi},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {1--7},
  year = 2016
}
@article{hirn77,
  title = {Anisotropy in the continental upper mantle: possible
                  evidence from explosion seismology},
  author = {Hirn, A.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {49--58},
  year = 1977
}
@article{hirose13,
  title = {Composition and state of the core},
  author = {Hirose, Kei and Labrosse, St{\'e}phane and Hernlund,
                  John},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {657--691},
  year = 2013
}
@article{hirose99,
  author = {Hirose, K. and Fei, Y. W. and Ma, Y. Z. and Mao,
                  H. K.},
  title = {The fate of subducted basaltic crust in the
                  {E}arth's lower mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 397,
  pages = {53--56}
}
@article{hirose99b,
  author = {Hirose, H. and Hirahara, K. and Kimata, F. and
                  Fujii, N. and Miyazaki, S.},
  title = {{A slow thrust slip event following the two 1996
                  Hyuganada earthquakes beneath the Bungo Channel,
                  southwest Japan}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {3237--3240}
}
@article{hirschmann00,
  author = {Hirschmann, M.},
  title = {Mantle solidus: {E}xperimental constraints and the
                  effect of periodite composition},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2000,
  number = {2000GC000070}
}
@article{hirschmann05,
  title = {{Storage capacity of H$_2$O in nominally anhydrous
                  minerals in the upper mantle}},
  author = {Hirschmann, Marc M and Aubaud, Cyril and Withers,
                  Anthony C},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 236,
  pages = {167--181},
  year = 2005
}
@article{hirschmann06,
  author = {Hirschmann, M. M.},
  title = {{Water, melting, and the deep {E}arth H$_2$O cycle}},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {629--653}
}
@article{hirschmann10,
  author = {Hirschmann, M. M.},
  title = {Partial melt in the oceanic low velocity zone},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {60--71}
}
@article{hirt15,
  author = {Hirt, C. and Rexer, M.},
  title = {Earth2014: 1 arc-min shape, topography, bedrock and
                  ice-sheet models - available as gridded data and
                  degree-10,800 spherical harmonics},
  journal = {Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {103--112}
}
@article{hirth01,
  title = {An evaluation of quartzite flow laws based on
                  comparisons between experimentally and naturally
                  deformed rocks},
  author = {Hirth, Greg and Teyssier, Christian and Dunlap,
                  James W},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {77--87},
  year = 2001
}
@incollection{hirth03,
  author = {Hirth, G. and Kohlstedt, D. L.},
  title = {Rheology of the Upper Mantle and the Mantle Wedge: A
                  View From the Experimentalists},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  pages = {83--105},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2004,
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{hirth96,
  title = {Water in the oceanic upper mantle: implications for
                  rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Hirth, Greg and Kohlstedt, David L},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 144,
  pages = {93--108},
  year = 1996
}
@article{hjorleifsdottir10,
  title = {{Effects of three-dimensional Earth structure on CMT
                  earthquake parameters}},
  author = {Hj{\"o}rleifsd{\'o}ttir, Vala and Ekstr{\"o}m,
                  G{\"o}ran},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 179,
  pages = {178--190},
  year = 2010
}
@article{hoang03,
  author = {Hoang, D. and Becker, T. W. and Kenner, S. and
                  Fialko, Y.},
  title = {Finite element and boundary element benchmarks for
                  the post-seismic deformation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 2003 Annual SCEC Meeting},
  year = 2003
}
@article{hodgkinson96,
  author = {Hodgkinson, K. M. and Stein, R. S. and King,
                  G. C. P.},
  title = {The 1954 {R}ainbow {M}ountain--{F}airview
                  {P}eak--{D}ixie {V}alley earthquakes: A triggered
                  normal faulting sequence},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25459--25471},
  annote = {static stress change, nevada, triggering}
}
@article{hoffman19,
  author = {Hoffman, P. F.},
  title = {{Big Time}},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {1--17}
}
@article{hoffman92,
  title = {{Rodinia, Gondwanaland, Pangea, and Amasia:
                  Alternating kinematic scenarios of supercontinent
                  fusion}},
  author = {Hoffman, P F},
  journal = {Eos},
  volume = 73,
  pages = 282,
  year = 1992
}
@incollection{hoffman97,
  author = {Hoffman, Paul F},
  title = {{Tectonic genealogy of North America}},
  booktitle = {{Earth structure: An introduction to structural
                  geology and tectonics}},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = 1997,
  editor = {van der Pluijm. B. A. and Marshak, S.},
  pages = {459--464},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{hoffman98,
  title = {{A Neoproterozoic snowball earth}},
  author = {Hoffman, Paul F and Kaufman, Alan J and Halverson,
                  Galen P and Schrag, Daniel P},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 281,
  pages = {1342--1346},
  year = 1998
}
@article{hoffmann00,
  author = {Hoffmann, P. F. and Schrag, D. P.},
  title = {Snowball earth},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 282,
  pages = {68--75}
}
@article{hoffmann17,
  author = {Hoffman, P. F. and Abbot, D. S. and Ashkenazy,
                  Y. and Benn, D. I. and Brocks, J. J. and Cohen,
                  P. A. and Fairchild, I. J. },
  title = {Snowball Earth climate dynamics and {C}ryogenian
                  geology-geobiology},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {e1600983}
}
@article{hoffmann87,
  author = {Hoffmann, P.},
  title = {Continental transform tectonics, {G}reat {S}lave
                  {L}ake shear zone (ca 1.9 {G}a), northwest {C}anada},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {785--788}
}
@article{hoffmann88,
  author = {Hoffmann, P.},
  title = {United plates of {A}merica, the birth of a craton:
                  Early {P}roterozoic assembly and growth of
                  {L}aurentia},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {543--603}
}
@article{hoffmann89,
  author = {Hoffmann, P.},
  title = {Speculations on {L}aurentia's first gigayear
                  (2.0--1.0 {G}a)},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {135--138}
}
@article{hoffmann91,
  author = {Hoffmann, P.},
  title = {Did the breakout of {L}aurentia turn {G}ondwanaland
                  inside-out?},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 252,
  pages = {1409--1412}
}
@article{hoffmann93,
  author = {Hoffmann, P.},
  title = {Orographic precipitation, erosional unloading, and
                  tectonic style},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {195--198}
}
@article{hoffmann98,
  author = {Hoffmann, P. F. and Kaufman, A. J. and Halverson,
                  G. P. and Schrag, D. P.},
  title = {A Neoproterozoic snowball earth},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 281,
  pages = {1342--1346}
}
@article{hofmann22,
  title = {{Size and composition of the MORB$+$OIB mantle
                  reservoir}},
  author = {Hofmann, AW and Class, C and Goldstein, SL},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {{e2022GC010339}},
  doi = {10.1029/2022GC010339},
  year = 2022
}
@article{hofmann82,
  title = {Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust},
  author = {Hofmann, Albrecht W and White, William M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 57,
  pages = {421--436},
  year = 1982
}
@article{hofmann97,
  author = {Hofmann, A. W.},
  title = {Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic
                  volcanism},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 385,
  pages = {219--229}
}
@article{hofmeister99,
  author = {Hofmeister, A. M.},
  title = {Mantle values of thermal conductivity and the
                  geotherm from phonon lifetimes},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1699--1706}
}
@article{hoggard16,
  title = {Global dynamic topography observations reveal
                  limited influence of large-scale mantle flow},
  author = {Hoggard, MJ and White, Nicholas and Al-Attar, David},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {456--463},
  year = 2016
}
@article{hoink08,
  author = {Hoink, T. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Three-dimensional mantle convection simulations with
                  a low viscosity asthenosphere and the relationship
                  between heat flow and the horizontal length scale of
                  convection},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L10304},
  pages = {10.1029/2008GL033854}
}
@article{hoink10,
  author = {Hoink, T. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Long wavelength convection, {Poiseuille-Couette}
                  flow in the low-viscosity asthenosphere and the
                  strength of plate margins},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {23--33}
}
@article{hoink11,
  author = {Hoink, T. and Jellinek, A. M. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Viscous coupling at the lithosphere-asthenosphere
                  boundary},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q0AK02},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003698}
}
@article{hoink12,
  author = {Hoink, T. and Lenardic, A. and Richards, M.},
  title = {Depth-dependent viscosity and mantle stress
                  amplification: implications for the role of the
                  asthenosphere in maintaining plate tectonics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {30--41}
}
@article{holbrook87,
  author = {Holbrook, W. S. and Mooney, W. D.},
  title = {{The crustal structure of the axis of the Great
                  Valley California}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 140,
  pages = {49--63}
}
@article{holbrook93,
  title = {{Large igneous province on the US Atlantic margin
                  and implications for magmatism during continental
                  breakup}},
  author = {Holbrook, WS and Kelemen, PB},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 364,
  pages = {433--436},
  year = 1993
}
@article{holbrook96,
  author = {Holbrook, W. S. and Brocher, T. M. and ten Brink,
                  U. S. and Hole, J. A.},
  title = {{Crustal Structure of a transform plate boundary:
                  San Francisco Bay and the central California
                  continental margin}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {22311--22334}
}
@article{holbrook99,
  title = {Structure and composition of the {A}leutian island
                  arc and implications for continental crustal growth},
  author = {Steven Holbrook, W and Lizarralde, D and McGeary, S
                  and Bangs, N and Diebold, J},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 27,
  pages = {31--34},
  year = 1999
}
@article{holland2001,
  author = {Holland, T. and Powell, R.},
  title = {Calculation of phase relations involving
                  haplogranitic melts using an internally consistent
                  thermodynamic dataset},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  volume = 42,
  number = 4,
  pages = {673-683},
  year = 2001
}
@article{holliger92,
  author = {Holliger, K. and Levander, A. R.},
  title = {A stochastic view of lower crustal fabric based on
                  evidence from the {I}vrea {Z}one},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1153--1156}
}
@book{holmes13,
  author = {Holmes, A.},
  title = {{The Age of the Earth}},
  publisher = {Harper \& Brothers},
  address = {London \& New York},
  year = 1913
}
@book{holmes29,
  title = {A review of the continental drift hypothesis},
  author = {Holmes, Arthur},
  year = 1929,
  publisher = {Mining Publications}
}
@article{holmes31,
  author = {Holmes, A.},
  title = {Radioactivity and earth movements},
  journal = {Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow},
  year = 1931,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {559--606}
}
@article{holmes33,
  author = {Holmes, A.},
  title = {The thermal history of the earth},
  journal = {J. Washington Acad. Sci.},
  year = 1933,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {169--195}
}
@book{holmes44,
  author = {Holmes, A.},
  title = {Principles of Physical Geology},
  publisher = {Thomas Nelson},
  year = 1944,
  address = {London}
}
@article{holmes46,
  title = {An estimate of the age of the Earth},
  author = {Holmes, Arthur},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {680--684},
  year = 1946
}
@article{holschneider06,
  author = {Holschneider, M. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Bayesian estimation of faults geometry based on
                  seismic catalog data},
  journal = {Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Fall Meet. Suppl.},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2006
}
@article{holt00,
  author = {Holt, W. E.},
  title = {Correlated crust and mantle strain fields in
                  {T}ibet},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {67--70}
}
@article{holt01,
  author = {Holt, W. E. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Using Surface Observations to Constrain the
                  Direction and Magnitude of Mantle Flow Beneath
                  Western {N}orth {A}merica (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {F}
}
@article{holt15a,
  author = {Holt, A. F. and Becker, T. W. and Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {Trench migration and overriding plate stress in
                  dynamic subduction models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 201,
  pages = {172--192}
}
@article{holt15b,
  author = {Holt, A. F. and Buffett, B. A. and Becker, T. W. },
  title = {Overriding plate thickness control on subducting
                  plate curvature},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {3802--3810}
}
@article{holt16,
  author = {Holt, A. F. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {The effect of a power-law mantle viscosity on trench
                  retreat rate},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 208,
  pages = {491--507},
  year = 2016
}
@article{holt17,
  author = {Holt, A. F. and Royden, L. H. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {The dynamics of double slab subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 209,
  pages = {250--265}
}
@article{holt18,
  author = {Holt, A. H. and Royden, L. H. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Faccenna, F.},
  title = {{Slab interactions in 3-D subduction settings: The
                  Philippine Sea Plate region}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 489,
  pages = {72--83}
}
@article{holt20,
  title = {{Subduction dynamics and mantle pressure: 2. Towards
                  a global understanding of slab dip and upper mantle
                  circulation}},
  author = {Holt, Adam F and Royden, Leigh H},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  number = 7,
  pages = {{e2019GC008771}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{holt21,
  author = {Holt, A. F. and Condit, C.},
  title = {Slab Temperature Evolution Over the Lifetime of a
                  Subduction Zone},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 22,
  doi = {e2020GC009476}
}
@article{holt22,
  title = {The Topographic Signature of Mantle Pressure
                  Build-Up Beneath Subducting Plates: Insights From
                  Spherical Subduction Models},
  author = {Holt, Adam F},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 49,
  number = 22,
  pages = {e2022GL100330},
  year = 2022
}
@article{holt95,
  author = {Holt, W. E.},
  title = {Flow fields within the {T}onga slab determined from
                  the moment tensors of deep earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {989--992}
}
@article{holtzman03,
  author = {Holtzman, B. K. and Kohlstedt, D. L. and Zimmerman,
                  M. E. and Heidelbach, F. and Hiraga, T. and Hustoft,
                  J.},
  title = {Melt Segregation and Strain Partitioning:
                  Implications for Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Flow},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 301,
  pages = {1227--1230}
}
@article{holtzman10,
  author = {Holtzman, B. K. and J.-M. Kendall},
  title = {Organized melt, seismic anisotropy, and plate
                  boundary lubrication},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q0AB06},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003296}
}
@article{holtzman16,
  author = {Holtzman, B.},
  title = {Questions on the existence, persistence, and
                  mechanical effecs of a very small melt fraction in
                  the asthenosphere},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {470--484},
  doi = {10.1102/2015GC006102}
}
@article{holyoke10,
  title = {{Accurate differential stress measurement using the
                  molten salt cell and solid salt assemblies in the
                  Griggs apparatus with applications to strength,
                  piezometers and rheology}},
  author = {Holyoke III, Caleb W and Kronenberg, Andreas K},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 494,
  pages = {17--31},
  year = 2010
}
@article{homberg2002,
  author = {Homberg, C. and Bergerat, F. and Philippe, Y. and
                  Lacombe, O. and Angelier, J.},
  title = {Structural inheritance and {C}enozoic stress fields
                  in the {J}ura fold-and-thrust belt ({F}rance)},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  volume = 357,
  pages = {137-158},
  year = 2002
}
@article{honda85,
  title = {{Thermal structure beneath Tohoku, northeast Japan}},
  author = {Honda, Satoru},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 112,
  pages = {69--102},
  year = 1985
}
@article{honda86,
  author = {Honda, S.},
  title = {Strong anisotropic flow in a finely layered
                  asthenosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1454--1457}
}
@article{honda93,
  title = {Three-dimensional instabilities of mantle convection
                  with multiple phase transitions},
  author = {Honda, S and Yuen, DA and Balachandar, S and
                  Reuteler, D},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 259,
  pages = {1308--1311},
  year = 1993
}
@article{hong15,
  title = {Long-term evolution of intraplate seismicity in
                  stress shadows after a megathrust},
  author = {Hong, Tae-Kyung and Lee, Junhyung and Houng, Soung
                  Eil},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 245,
  pages = {59--70},
  year = 2015
}
@article{hong17,
  title = {{Seismic velocity changes in the backarc continental
                  crust after the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust
                  earthquake}},
  author = {Hong, Tae-Kyung and Lee, Junhyung and Chi, Donggeun
                  and Park, Seongjun},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {10--997},
  year = 2017
}
@article{hongsresawat15,
  author = {S. Hongsresawat and M. P. Panning and R. M. Russo
                  and D. A. Foster and V. Monteiller and S. Chevrot},
  title = {{USArray} shear wave splitting shows seismic
                  anisotropy from both lithosphere and asthenosphere},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {667-670}
}
@article{honing16,
  title = {Continental growth and mantle hydration as
                  intertwined feedback cycles in the thermal evolution
                  of Earth},
  author = {H{\"o}ning, D and Spohn, T},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 255,
  pages = {27--49},
  year = 2016
}
@article{hoorn95,
  author = {Hoorn, C. and Guerrero, J. and Sarmiento, G. A. and
                  Lorente, M. A.},
  title = {{Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage
                  patterns in Miocene northern South America}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {237--240}
}
@article{hopkins08,
  title = {{Low heat flow inferred from $> 4$~Gyr zircons
                  suggests {H}adean plate boundary interactions}},
  author = {Hopkins, Michelle and Harrison, T Mark and Manning,
                  Craig E},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 456,
  pages = {493--496},
  year = 2008
}
@article{hopper15,
  author = {Hopper, E. and Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {The meaning of midlithospheric discontinuities: A
                  case study in the northern U.S. craton},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  doi = {10.1002/2015GC006030},
  pages = {4057--4083}
}
@article{hopper18,
  title = {{The changing face of the lithosphere-asthenosphere
                  boundary: Imaging continental scale patterns in
                  upper mantle structure across the contiguous US with
                  Sp converted waves}},
  author = {Hopper, Emily and Fischer, Karen M},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2593--2614},
  year = 2018
}
@article{hori04,
  author = {Hori, T. and Kato, N. and Hirahara, K. and Baba,
                  T. and Kaneda, Y. },
  title = {A numerical simulation of earthquake cycles along
                  the {Nankai Trough} in southwest {Japan}: lateral
                  variation in frictional property due to the slab
                  geometry controls the nucleation position},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 228,
  pages = {215--226}
}
@article{horne17,
  author = {van Horne, A. and Sato, H. and Ishiyama, T.},
  title = {{Evolution of the Sea of Japan back-arc and some
                  unsolved issues}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 710,
  pages = {6--20}
}
@article{horowitz89,
  author = {Horowitz, F. G. and Ruina, A. L.},
  title = {Slip patterns in a spatially homogeneous fault
                  model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {10279--10298}
}
@article{horton10a,
  author = {Horton, B. K. and M. Parra and J. E. Saylor and
                  J. Nie and A. Mora and V. Torres and D. F.  Stockli
                  and M. R. Strecker},
  title = {Resolving uplift of the {N}orthern {A}ndes using
                  detrital zircon age signatures},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {4--10}
}
@article{horton10b,
  author = {Horton, B. K. and J. E. Saylor and J. Nie and
                  A. Mora and M. Parra and A. Reyes-Harker and
                  D. F. Stockli},
  title = {Linking sedimentation in the northern {A}ndes to
                  basement configuration, {M}esozoic extension, and
                  {C}enozoic shortening: {E}vidence from detrital
                  zircon {U-P}b ages, {E}astern {C}ordillera,
                  {C}olombia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {1423--1442}
}
@article{hospers54,
  title = {Rock magnetism and polar wandering},
  author = {Hospers, J},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 173,
  pages = {1183--1184},
  year = 1954
}
@article{houlie12,
  title = {A comparison of {GPS} solutions for strain and {SKS}
                  fast directions: {I}mplications for modes of shear
                  in the mantle of a plate boundary zone},
  author = {Houli{\'e}, Nicolas and Stern, Tim},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 345,
  pages = {117--125},
  year = 2012
}
@article{houseman07,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and Gemmer L.},
  title = {{Intra-orogenic extension driven by gravitational
                  instability: Carpathian-Pannonian orogeny}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {1135--1138}
}
@article{houseman81,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and McKenzie, D. P. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Convective instability of a thickened boundary layer
                  and its relevance for the thermal evolution of
                  continental convergent belts},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {6115--6132}
}
@article{houseman86,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and England, P. C.},
  title = {A dynamical model for lithospheric extension and
                  sedimentary basin formation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {719--729},
  year = 1986
}
@article{houseman86a,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and England, P. C.},
  title = {A dynamical model of lithosphere extension and
                  sedimentary basin formation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {719--729}
}
@article{houseman86b,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and England, P. C.},
  title = {Finite strain calculations of continental
                  deformation {I}. {M}ethod and general results for
                  convergent zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {3651--3663}
}
@article{houseman97a,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Gravitational ({R}ayleigh-{T}aylor) instability of a
                  layer with non-linear viscosity and convective
                  thinning of continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {125--150},
  year = 1997
}
@article{houseman97b,
  author = {Houseman, G. A. and Gubbins, D.},
  title = {Deformation of subducted oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {535--551}
}
@article{houser08,
  title = {Shear and compressional velocity models of the
                  mantle from cluster analysis of long-period
                  waveforms},
  author = {Houser, C and Masters, G and Shearer, P and Laske,
                  G},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 174,
  pages = {195--212},
  year = 2008
}
@article{houser09,
  author = {Houser, C. and Williams, Q.},
  title = {The wavelengths of fast and slow shear velocity
                  anomalies in the lower mantle: {C}ontrary to the
                  expectations of dynamics?},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {187--197}
}
@article{houser10,
  author = {Houser, C. and Williams, Q.},
  title = {Reconciling {P}acific 410 and 660 km discontinuity
                  topography, transition zone shear velocity patterns,
                  and mantle phase transitions},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {255--266}
}
@incollection{houston07,
  author = {Houston, H.},
  title = {Deep earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics, Vol. 4: Deep Earthquakes},
  pages = {321--350},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {G. Schubert},
  volume = 11
}
@article{houston15,
  author = {Houston, H.},
  title = {Low friction and fault weakening revealed by rising
                  sensitivity of tremor to tidal stress},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {409--415}
}
@article{houtz76,
  author = {Houtz, R. and Ewing, J. I.},
  title = {Upper crustal structure as a function of plate age},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {2490--2498}
}
@inproceedings{howard66,
  author = {Howard, L.N.},
  title = {Convection at high {R}ayleigh number},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress
                  of Applied Mechanics},
  year = 1966,
  editor = {Gortler, H.},
  pages = {1109--1115},
  address = {New York},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{howard94,
  title = {Modeling fluvial erosion on regional to continental
                  scales},
  author = {Howard, Alan D and Dietrich, William E and Seidl,
                  Michele A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {13971--13986},
  year = 1994
}
@article{howarth21,
  title = {Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a
                  transform fault controlled by geometry},
  author = {Howarth, Jamie D and Barth, Nicolas C and
                  Fitzsimons, Sean J and Richards-Dinger, Keith and
                  Clark, Kate J and Biasi, Glenn P and Cochran, Ursula
                  A and Langridge, Robert M and Berryman, Kelvin R and
                  Sutherland, Rupert},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {314--320},
  year = 2021
}
@article{howell16,
  title = {{The vertical fingerprint of earthquake cycle
                  loading in southern California}},
  author = {Howell, Samuel and Smith-Konter, Bridget and Frazer,
                  Neil and Tong, Xiaopeng and Sandwell, David},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {611--614},
  year = 2016
}
@article{howie93,
  author = {Howie, J. M. and Miller, K. C. and Savage, W. U.},
  title = {{Integrated crustal structure across the South
                  Central California Margin: Santa Lucia Escarpment to
                  the San Andreas Fault}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {8473--8196}
}
@article{hsui88,
  author = {Hsui, A. T.},
  title = {Application of fluid mechanic principles to the
                  study of trench back-arc systems},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 128,
  pages = {661--681}
}
@article{hu14,
  author = {Y. Hu and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann and J.T. Freymueller and
                  P. Banerjee and K. Wang},
  title = {{Contributions of poroelastic rebound and a weak
                  volcanic arc to the postseismic deformation of the
                  2011 Tohoku earthquake}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 66,
  doi = {10.1186/1880-5981-66-106}
}
@article{hu16,
  author = {Y. Hu and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann and N. Uchide and
                  P. Banerjee and J. T. Freymueller},
  title = {Stress-driven Relaxation of Heterogeneous Upper
                  Mantle and Time-dependent Afterslip Following the
                  2011 {Tohoku earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 120,
  doi = {10.1002/2015JB012508}
}
@article{hu16b,
  author = {Y. Hu and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann and Banerjee, P. and
                  Feng, L. and Hill, E. M. and Ito, T. and Tabei,
                  T. and Wang, K.},
  title = {Asthenosphere rheology inferred from observations of
                  the 2012 {Indian Ocean} earthquake},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 538,
  pages = {368--372}
}
@article{hu16c,
  title = {{Simulation of late Cenozoic South American
                  flat-slab subduction using geodynamic models with
                  data assimilation}},
  author = {Hu, Jiashun and Liu, Lijun and Hermosillo, Armando
                  and Zhou, Quan},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 438,
  pages = {1--13},
  year = 2016
}
@article{hu17,
  author = {Hu, J. and Faccenda, M. and Liu, L.},
  title = {{Subduction-controlled mantle flow and seismic
                  anisotropy in South America}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 470,
  pages = {13--24}
}
@article{hu22,
  title = {{Dynamics of the abrupt change in Pacific Plate
                  motion around 50 million years ago}},
  author = {Hu, Jiashun and Gurnis, Michael and Rudi, Johann and
                  Stadler, Georg and M{\"u}ller, R Dietmar},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {74--78},
  year = 2022
}
@article{hua23,
  author = {Hua, J. and Fischer, K. and Becker, T. W. and Gazel,
                  E. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Asthenospheric low-velocity zone consistent with
                  globally prevalent partial melting},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {175--181}
}
@article{hua23b,
  title = {Long-Distance Asthenospheric Transport of
                  Plume-Influenced Mantle From {A}far to {A}natolia},
  author = {Hua, J and Fischer, KM and Gazel, E and Parmentier,
                  EM and Hirth, G},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {e2022GC010605},
  year = 2023
}
@article{hua90,
  author = {Hua, C.},
  title = {An inverse transformation for quadrilateral
                  isoparametric elements: {A}nalysis and application},
  journal = {Finite Elem. Anal. Design},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {159--166}
}
@article{huang00,
  author = {Huang, W.C. and Ni, J. F. and Tilmann, F. and
                  Nelson, D. and Guo, J. and Zhao, W. and Mechie,
                  J. and Kind, R. and Saul, J. and Rapine, R. and
                  Hearn, T. M. },
  title = {Seismic polarization anisotropy beneath the central
                  {T}ibetan plateau},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {27979--27989}
}
@article{huang03,
  author = {Huang, Jinshui and Zhong, Shijie and van Hunen,
                  Jeroen},
  title = {Controls on sublithospheric small-scale convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002456}
}
@article{huang05,
  title = {Sublithospheric small-scale convection and its
                  implications for the residual topography at old
                  ocean basins and the plate model},
  author = {Huang, Jinshui and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 110,
  number = {B5},
  year = 2005
}
@article{huang06,
  author = {Huang, J. and D. Zhao},
  title = {High-resolution mantle tomography of {China} and
                  surrounding regions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B09305},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004066}
}
@article{huang09,
  author = {G. C. Huang and F. T. Wu and S. W. Roecker and
                  A. F. Sheehan},
  title = {{Lithospheric structure of the central Himalaya from
                  3-D tomographic imaging}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 475,
  pages = {524--543}
}
@article{huang10,
  author = {Huang, J. and Vanacore, E. and Niu, F. and Levander,
                  A.},
  title = {{Mantle transition zone beneath the Caribbean-South
                  American plate boundary and its tectonic
                  implications}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 289,
  pages = {105--111}
}
@article{huang10b,
  title = {{Radial anisotropy in the crust of SE Tibet and SW
                  China from ambient noise interferometry}},
  author = {Huang, Hui and Yao, Huajian and van der Hilst,
                  Robert D},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 37,
  number = 21,
  year = 2010
}
@article{huang11,
  author = {Huang, G.-C. and Roecker, S. W. and Levin, V.},
  title = {{Lower‐crustal earthquakes in the West Kunlun
                  range}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L01314},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL045893}
}
@article{huang90,
  author = {Huang, J. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {Are earthquakes an example of deterministic chaos?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {223--226}
}
@article{hubbard24,
  author = {Hubbard, J. and Bradley, K.},
  title = {{M7.5 earthquake strikes western Japan, triggers
                  tsunami}},
  journal = {Earthquake Insights},
  year = 2024,
  note = {Blog post, available at
                  \url{https://earthquakeinsights.substack.com/p/m75-earthquake-strikes-western-japan},
                  accessed 01/2024}
}
@article{hubbert59,
  title = {Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust
                  faulting. {I}. Mechanics of fluid-filled porous
                  solids and its application to overthrust faulting},
  author = {Hubbert, M King and Rubey, William W},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 70,
  pages = {115--166},
  year = 1959
}
@article{hudnut89,
  author = {Hudnut, K. W. and Seeber, L. and Pacheco, J.},
  title = {Cross-fault triggering in the {N}ovember 1987
                  {S}uperstition {H}ills earthquake sequence,
                  {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {199--202}
}
@article{hudspith14,
  title = {{Latest Permian chars may derive from wildfires, not
                  coal combustion}},
  author = {Hudspith, Victoria A and Rimmer, Susan M and
                  Belcher, Claire M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {879--882},
  year = 2014
}
@article{huene03,
  author = {von Huene, R. and Ranero, C. R.},
  title = {Subduction erosion and basal friction along the
                  sediment-starved convergent margin off {Antofagasta,
                  Chile}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = 2079,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001569},
  year = 2003
}
@book{hughes00,
  author = {Hughes, T. J. R},
  title = {The finite element method},
  publisher = {Dover Publications},
  year = 2000
}
@incollection{huiqi92,
  title = {Physical models of thrust wedges},
  author = {Huiqi, Liu and McClay, KR and Powell, D},
  booktitle = {Thrust tectonics},
  pages = {71--81},
  year = 1992,
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{huismans03,
  author = {Huismans, R. S. and Beaumont, C.},
  title = {Symmetric and asymmetric lithospheric extension:
                  {R}elative effects of frictional-plastic and viscous
                  strain softening},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = {B10},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002026},
  pages = 2496
}
@article{huismans11,
  title = {Depth-dependent extension, two-stage breakup and
                  cratonic underplating at rifted margins},
  author = {Huismans, Ritske and Beaumont, Christopher},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 473,
  pages = {74--78},
  year = 2011
}
@article{huismans2001,
  author = {Huismans, R. S. and Podladchikov, Y. Y. and
                  Cloetingh, S.},
  title = {Dynamic modeling of the transition from passive to
                  active rifting, application to the {P}annonian
                  basin},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1021--1039},
  year = 2001
}
@article{hulbert19,
  title = {Similarity of fast and slow earthquakes illuminated
                  by machine learning},
  author = {Hulbert, Claudia and Rouet-Leduc, Bertrand and
                  Johnson, Paul A and Ren, Christopher X and
                  Rivi{\`e}re, Jacques and Bolton, David C and Marone,
                  Chris},
  journal = nego,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {69--74},
  year = 2019
}
@article{humphreys00,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and Dueker, K. and Schutt, D. and
                  Smith, R. B.},
  title = {Beneath {Y}ellowstone: Evaluating Plume and Nonplume
                  Models Using Teleseismic Images of the Upper Mantle},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1--6}
}
@incollection{humphreys03,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and Hessler, E. and Dueker, K. and
                  Erslev, E. and Farmer, G. L. and Atwater, T.},
  booktitle = {The George Thompson volume},
  title = {How {L}aramide-age hydration of {North America} by
                  the {Farallon} slab controlled subsequent activity
                  in the western {U.S.}},
  pages = {524--544},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2003,
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 7,
  series = {GSA International Book}
}
@article{humphreys07,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and Coblentz, D.},
  title = {{North American} Dynamics and western {U.S.}
                  Tectonics},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 45,
  number = {RG3001},
  doi = {10.1029/2005RG000181},
  year = 2007
}
@incollection{humphreys08a,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Cenozoic slab windows beneath the western {U}nited
                  {S}tates}},
  booktitle = {{Circum-Pacific Tectonics, Geologic Evolution, and
                  Ore Deposits (Dickinson volume)}},
  publisher = {Arizona Geological Society},
  year = 2008,
  editor = {Spencer, J. E. and Titley, S.},
  pages = {in press}
}
@incollection{humphreys08b,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Relation of flat subduction to magmatism and
                  deformation in the Western USA}},
  booktitle = {Backbone of the Americas},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2008,
  editor = {Kay, S. and Ramos, V.},
  pages = {in press},
  series = {Special Publication}
}
@article{humphreys15,
  title = {Recent craton growth by slab stacking beneath
                  {Wyoming}},
  author = {Humphreys, Eugene D and Schmandt, Brandon and
                  Bezada, Maximiliano J and Perry-Houts, Jonathan},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 429,
  pages = {170--180},
  year = 2015
}
@article{humphreys90,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {A kinematic model for the {L}ate {C}enozoic
                  development of southern {C}alifornia crust and upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {19747--19762}
}
@article{humphreys90b,
  title = {{Tomographic image of the southern California
                  mantle}},
  author = {Humphreys, Eugene D and Clayton, Robert W},
  journal = {JGR},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {19725--19746},
  year = 1990
}
@article{humphreys94,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and Dueker, K. G.},
  title = {Western {U.S.} upper mantle structure},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {9615--9634}
}
@article{humphreys94b,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D. and R. J. Weldon},
  title = {Deformation across the western {United States}: A
                  local estimate of {Pacific-North} {A}merican
                  transform deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  year = 1994,
  pages = {19975--20010}
}
@article{humphreys95,
  author = {Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Post-{L}aramide removal of the {F}arallon slab,
                  western {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {987--990}
}
@article{hunen00,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and van den Berg, A. P. and Vlaar,
                  N. J.},
  title = {A thermomechanical model of horizontal subduction
                  below an overriding plate},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 182,
  pages = {157--169}
}
@article{hunen02a,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and van den Berg, A. P. and Vlaar,
                  N. J.},
  title = {On the role of subducting oceanic plateaus in the
                  development of shallow flat subduction},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 352,
  pages = {317--333}
}
@article{hunen02b,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and van den Berg, A. P. and Vlaar,
                  N. J.},
  title = {{The impact of the South-American plate motion and
                  the Nazca Ridge subduction on the flat subduction
                  below South Peru}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  number = 1690,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL014004}
}
@article{hunen03,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {New insight in the {H}awaiian plume swell dynamics
                  from scaling laws},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = 15,
  pages = 1785,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL017646}
}
@article{hunen03b,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Huang, J. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {The effect of shearing on the onset and vigor of
                  small-scale convection in a {N}ewtonian rheology},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = 19,
  pages = 1991,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018101}
}
@article{hunen04,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Zhong, S. and Shapiro, N. and
                  Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {Oceanic Upper Mantle Rheology as Constrained by
                  Combined Geodynamic and Seismic Modeling of
                  Plate-Mantle Interaction (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T11B-1258}
}
@article{hunen04b,
  author = {J. van Hunen and A. P. van den Berg and N. J. Vlaar},
  title = {Various mechanisms to induce present-day shallow
                  flat subduction and implications for the younger
                  {E}arth: a numerical parameter study},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {179--194}
}
@article{hunen05,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Zhong, S. and Shapiro, N. M. and
                  Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {New evidence for dislocation creep from {3-D}
                  geodynamic modeling of the {P}acific upper mantle
                  structure},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {146--155}
}
@article{hunen12,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Moyen, J.-F.},
  title = {Archean subduction: {F}act or fiction?},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {195--219}
}
@article{hung00,
  author = {Hung, S.-H. and Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {Can a narrow, melt-rich, low-velocity zone of mantle
                  upwelling be hidden beneath the {E}ast {P}acific
                  {R}ise? {L}imits from waveform modeling and the
                  {MELT} experiment},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {7945--7960},
  year = 2000
}
@article{hung04,
  author = {Hung, S.-H. and Y. Shen and L.-Y. Chiao},
  title = {Imaging seismic velocity structure beneath the
                  {I}celand hot spot: {A} finite frequency approach},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B08305},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002889}
}
@article{hung05,
  author = {Hung, S.-H. and E. J. Garnero and L.-Y. Chiao and
                  B.-Y. Kuo and T. Lay},
  title = {{Finite frequency tomography of D" shear velocity
                  heterogeneity beneath the Caribbean}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B07305},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003373}
}
@article{hung98,
  author = {Hung, S.-H. and Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {Modeling anisotropic wave propagation in oceanic
                  inhomogeneous structures using the parallel
                  multi-domain pseudospectral method},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 133,
  pages = {720--740},
  year = 1998
}
@misc{hunt11,
  author = {W. Hunt},
  title = {Unraveling the Mysteries Under Our Very Feet},
  howpublished = {Discover Magazine},
  year = 2011,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{discovermagazine.com/photos/18-unraveling-mysteries-under-our-feet},
                  accessed 11/2011}
}
@article{hunter16,
  title = {{Gravity anomalies, flexure and mantle rheology
                  seaward of circum-Pacific trenches}},
  author = {Hunter, J. and Watts, A. B.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 207,
  pages = {288--316},
  year = 2016
}
@article{huot18,
  author = {Huot, G. and Singh, S. C.},
  title = {Seismic evidence for fluid/gas beneath the
                  {M}entawai Fore-Arc Basin, {Central Sumatra}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {957--976}
}
@article{huppert20,
  title = {Hotspot swells and the lifespan of volcanic ocean
                  islands},
  author = {Huppert, Kimberly L and Perron, J Taylor and Royden,
                  Leigh H},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {eaaw6906},
  year = 2020
}
@article{husebye76,
  author = {Husebye, E. S. and D. W. King and R. A. Haddon},
  title = {{Precursors to $PKIKP$ and seismic wave scattering
                  near the mantle-core boundary}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {170--182}
}
@article{husson04,
  author = {Husson, L. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Stress balance above subduction: application to the
                  {A}ndes},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 222,
  pages = {1037--1050}
}
@article{husson06,
  author = {Husson, L.},
  title = {Dynamic topography above retreating subduction
                  zones},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {741--744}
}
@article{husson08,
  author = {Husson, L. and Conrad, C. P. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Tethyan closure, {A}ndean orogeny, and westward
                  drift of the {P}acific {B}asin},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 271,
  pages = {303--310}
}
@article{husson12,
  author = {L. Husson and P. C. Conrad and C. Faccenna},
  title = {{Plate motions, Andean orogeny, and volcanism above
                  the South Atlantic convection cell}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 317,
  pages = {126--135}
}
@article{husson12b,
  author = {L. Husson and B. Guillaume and F. Funiciello and
                  C. Faccenna and L. H. Royden},
  title = {Unraveling topography around subduction zones from
                  laboratory models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 526,
  pages = {5--15}
}
@article{husson15,
  author = {Husson, L. and Yamato, P. and B{\'{e}}zos, A.},
  title = {Ultraslow, slow, or fast spreading ridges: {A}rm
                  wrestling between mantle convection and far-field
                  tectonics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 429,
  pages = {205--215}
}
@article{husson18,
  title = {Bayesian surface reconstruction of geodetic uplift
                  rates: Mapping the global fingerprint of Glacial
                  Isostatic Adjustment},
  author = {Husson, Laurent and Bodin, Thomas and Spada, Giorgio
                  and Choblet, Ga{\"e}l and Kreemer, Corn{\'e}},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  volume = 122,
  pages = {25--40},
  year = 2018
}
@article{hutko06,
  author = {Hutko, A. R. and T. Lay and E. J. Garnero and
                  J. Revenaugh},
  title = {Seismic detection of folded, subducted lithosphere
                  at the core-mantle boundary},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 441,
  pages = {333--336}
}
@article{hyndman03,
  author = {Hyndman, R. D. and Peacock, S. M.},
  title = {Serpentinization of the forearc mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 212,
  pages = {417--432}
}
@article{hyndman05,
  title = {Subduction zone backarcs, mobile belts, and orogenic
                  heat},
  author = {Hyndman, Roy D and Currie, Claire A and Mazzotti,
                  Stephane P},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {4--10},
  year = 2005
}
@article{hyndman11,
  author = {Hyndman, R. D. and Currie, C. A.},
  title = {{Why is the North America Cordillera high? Hot
                  backarcs, thermal isostasy, and mountain belts}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {783--786}
}
@article{hyndman19,
  title = {Origin of regional {B}arrovian metamorphism in hot
                  backarcs prior to orogeny deformation},
  author = {Hyndman, Roy D},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {460--469},
  year = 2019
}
@book{hypocd,
  author = {{USGS}},
  title = {Global Hypocenter Database CD},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey / National
                  Earthquake Information Center},
  year = 1992,
  volume = {3.0},
  address = {Denver, Colorado}
}
@article{iaffaldano06,
  author = {Iaffaldano, G. and Bunge, H.-P. and Dixon, T. H.},
  title = {Feedback between mountain belt growth and plate
                  convergence},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {893--896}
}
@article{iaffaldano09,
  author = {G. Iaffaldano and H.-P. Bunge},
  title = {Relating rapid plate motion variations to plate
                  boundary forces in global coupled models of the
                  mantle/lithosphere system: effects of topography and
                  friction},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 474,
  pages = {393--404}
}
@article{iaffaldano15,
  title = {Rapid plate motion variations through geological
                  time: {O}bservations serving geodynamic
                  interpretation},
  author = {Iaffaldano, Giampiero and Bunge, Hans-Peter},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {571--592},
  year = 2015
}
@inproceedings{ichimura14,
  author = {T. Ichimura and K. Fujita and S. Tanaka and M. Hori
                  and M. Lalith and Y. Shizawa and H. Kobayashi},
  title = {Physics-based urban earthquake simulation enhanced
                  by 10.7 {BlnDOF}$\times$ 30 {K} time-step
                  unstructured {FE} non-linear seismic wave
                  simulation},
  booktitle = {SC'14: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  year = 2014,
  pages = {15-26},
  organization = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{ichimura15,
  title = {Implicit nonlinear wave simulation with 1.08 {T DOF}
                  and 0.270 {T} unstructured finite elements to
                  enhance comprehensive earthquake simulation},
  author = {Ichimura, Tsuyoshi and Fujita, Kohei and Quinay,
                  Pher Errol Balde and Maddegedara, Lalith and Hori,
                  Muneo and Tanaka, Seizo and Shizawa, Yoshihisa and
                  Kobayashi, Hiroshi and Minami, Kazuo},
  booktitle = {SC'15: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2015,
  organization = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{ichimura19,
  author = {Ichimura, T and Fujita, K and Yamaguchi, T and
                  Naruse, A and Wells, J C and Zimmer, C J and
                  Straatsma, T P and Hori, T and Puel, S and Becker, T
                  W and Hori, M},
  title = {{416-PFLOPS fast scalable implicit solver on
                  low-ordered unstructured finite elements accelerated
                  by 1.10-ExaFLOPS kernel with reformulated AI-like
                  algorithm: For equation-based earthquake modeling}},
  booktitle = {SC'19: The International Conference for High
                  Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and
                  Analysis},
  year = 2019
}
@inproceedings{ichimura20,
  title = {Fast scalable implicit solver with convergence of
                  physics-based simulation \& data-driven learning:
                  toward high-fidelity simulation with digital twin
                  city},
  author = {Ichimura, Tsuyoshi and Fujita, Kohei and Koyama,
                  Kentaro and Kusakabe, Ryota and Minami, Kazuo and
                  Inoue, Hikaru and Nishizawa, Seiya and Tsuji, Miwako
                  and Nishiki, Tatsuo and Hori, Muneo and others},
  booktitle = {Research Poster for the International Conference on
                  High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and
                  Analysis (SC'20)},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ida72,
  title = {{Cohesive force across the tip of a
                  longitudinal-shear crack and Griffith's specific
                  surface energy}},
  author = {Ida, Yoshiaki},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 77,
  pages = {3796--3805},
  year = 1972
}
@article{ide01,
  author = {Ide, S. and Beroza, G.},
  title = {Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {3349--3352}
}
@article{ide07,
  author = {Ide, S. and Beroza, G. C. and Shelly, D. R. and
                  Uchide, T. A.},
  title = {Scaling law for slow earthquakes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 447,
  pages = {76--79}
}
@article{ide12,
  title = {Variety and spatial heterogeneity of tectonic tremor
                  worldwide},
  author = {Ide, Satoshi},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B03302},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008840},
  year = 2012
}
@article{ide13,
  author = {S. Ide and H. Aochi},
  title = {{Historical seismicity and dynamic rupture process
                  of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 600,
  pages = {1--13}
}
@article{ide23,
  title = {Slow earthquake scaling reconsidered as a boundary
                  between distinct modes of rupture propagation},
  author = {Ide, Satoshi and Beroza, Gregory C},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 120,
  number = 32,
  pages = {{e2222102120}},
  year = 2023
}
@article{idini20,
  title = {Fault-zone damage promotes pulse-like rupture and
                  back-propagating fronts via quasi-static effects},
  author = {Idini, Benjamin and Ampuero, J-P},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {e2020GL090736},
  year = 2020
}
@article{igel03,
  author = {Igel, H. and Nissen-Meyer, T. and Jahnke, G.},
  title = {{Wave propagation in 3D spherical sections: Effects
                  of subduction zones}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {219--234}
}
@article{igel99,
  author = {Igel, H. and Takeuchi, N. and Geller, R. J. and
                  Megnin, C. and Bunge, H.-P. and Clevede, E. and
                  Dalkolmo, J. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {The {COSY} Project: verification of global seismic
                  modeling algorithms},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {3--23}
}
@unpublished{igmt,
  author = {Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{$i$GMT}: {Interactive Mapping of Geographic
                  Datasets}},
  year = 2006,
  note = {Update of \cite{becker98g}, online at
                  \url{www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/igmt/},
                  accessed 05/2016}
}
@article{iinuma11,
  author = {Iinuma, Takeshi and Ohzono, Mako and Ohta, Yusaku
                  and Miura, Satoshi},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  number = 24,
  title = {{Coseismic slip distribution of the 2011 off the
                  Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M 9.0) estimated
                  based on GPS data---Was the asperity in Miyagi-oki
                  ruptured?}},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2011
}
@article{iinuma12,
  title = {{Coseismic slip distribution of the 2011 off the
                  Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M9.0) refined by
                  means of seafloor geodetic data}},
  author = {Iinuma, T and Hino, R and Kido, M and Inazu, D and
                  Osada, Y and Ito, Y and Ohzono, M and Tsushima, H
                  and Suzuki, S and Fujimoto, H and Miura, S.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B7409},
  year = 2012,
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009186}
}
@article{iinuma18,
  author = {Iinuma, T.},
  title = {{Monitoring of the spatio-temporal change in the
                  interplate coupling at northeastern Japan subduction
                  zone based on the spatial gradients of surface
                  velocity field}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 213,
  pages = {30--47}
}
@article{ikari09,
  title = {Frictional and hydrologic properties of clay-rich
                  fault gouge},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Saffer, Demian M and Marone,
                  Chris},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  year = 2009,
  number = {B05409},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006089}
}
@article{ikari11,
  title = {On the relation between fault strength and
                  frictional stability},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Marone, Chris and Saffer, Demian
                  M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {83--86},
  year = 2011
}
@article{ikari11b,
  title = {Comparison of frictional strength and velocity
                  dependence between fault zones in the {N}ankai
                  accretionary complex},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Saffer, Demian M},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q0AD11},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003442},
  year = 2011
}
@article{ikari12,
  title = {Permeability contrasts between sheared and normally
                  consolidated sediments in the {N}ankai accretionary
                  prism},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Saffer, Demian M},
  journal = {Marine Geol.},
  volume = 295,
  pages = {1--13},
  year = 2012
}
@article{ikari13,
  title = {Experimental evidence linking slip instability with
                  seafloor lithology and topography at the {Costa
                  Rica} convergent margin},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Niemeijer, Andr{\'e} R and Spiers,
                  Christopher J and Kopf, Achim J and Saffer, Demian
                  M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {891--894},
  year = 2013
}
@article{ikari15,
  title = {{Strength characteristics of Japan Trench borehole
                  samples in the high-slip region of the 2011
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Ikari, Matt J and Kameda, Jun and Saffer, Demian M
                  and Kopf, Achim J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 412,
  pages = {35--41},
  year = 2015
}
@article{ikari20,
  author = {Ikari, Matt J. and Carpenter, Brett M. and Scuderi,
                  Marco M. and Collettini, Cristiano and Kopf, Achim
                  J.},
  title = {Frictional Strengthening Explored During Non-Steady
                  State Shearing: {I}mplications for Fault Stability
                  and Slip Event Recurrence Time},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2020JB020015}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020015},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ike08,
  title = {{Variations in sediment thickness and type along the
                  northern Philippine Sea Plate at the Nankai Trough}},
  author = {Ike, Toshihiro and Moore, Gregory F and Kuramoto,
                  Shin'ichi and Park, Jin-Oh and Kaneda, Yoshiyuki and
                  Taira, Asahiko},
  journal = {Island Arc},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {342--357},
  year = 2008
}
@article{ike08b,
  title = {{Tectonics and sedimentation around Kashinosaki
                  Knoll: A subducting basement high in the eastern
                  Nankai Trough}},
  author = {Ike, Toshihiro and Moore, Gregory F and Kuramoto,
                  Shin'ichi and Park, Jin-Oh and Kaneda, Yoshiyuki and
                  Taira, Asahiko},
  journal = {Island Arc},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {358--375},
  year = 2008
}
@article{ikegami67,
  author = {Ikegami, R.},
  title = {On the secular variation of magnitude-frequency
                  relation of earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {327--338}
}
@article{ikemoto14,
  title = {Numerical modeling of trace element transportation
                  in subduction zones: implications for geofluid
                  processes},
  author = {Ikemoto, Akihiko and Iwamori, Hikaru},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 66,
  pages = {1--10},
  year = 2014
}
@article{im20,
  author = {Im, K. J. and Saffer, D. and Marone, C. and Avouac,
                  J. P.},
  title = {Slip-rate dependent friction as a universal
                  mechanism for slow slip events},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {705--710}
}
@incollection{imanishi06,
  author = {Imanishi, Kazutoshi and Ellsworth, William L.},
  title = {{Source Scaling Relationships of Microearthquakes at
                  Parkfield, CA, Determined Using the SAFOD Pilot Hole
                  Seismic Array}},
  booktitle = {Earthquakes: {R}adiated Energy and the Physics of
                  Faulting},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2006,
  series = {Geophysical Monograph},
  volume = 170,
  pages = {81--90}
}
@misc{imoffice23,
  author = {{Icelandic Meteorological Office}},
  howpublished = {Online at
                  \url{twitter.com/Vedurstofan/status/1736893338563838110},
                  accessed 12/2023},
  year = 2023
}
@article{ingalls16,
  author = {Ingalls, M. and Rowley, D. R. and Currie, B. and
                  Colman, A. S. },
  title = {Large-scale subduction of continental crust implied
                  by {India-Asia} mass-balance calculation},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {848--853}
}
@techreport{ingeominas10,
  author = {{INGEOMINAS}},
  title = {{National seismic catalog of Colombia}},
  institution = {Red Sismol{\'{o}}gica Nacional de Colombia},
  year = 2010,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{seisan.ingeominas.gov.co/RSNC/}, accessed
                  01/2010}
}
@article{inglis13,
  author = {Inglis, C. E.},
  title = {Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks
                  and sharp corners},
  journal = {Trans. Inst. Naval Arch.},
  year = 1913,
  volume = {219--230}
}
@article{inoue90,
  author = {Inoue, H. Y. and Fukao, Y. and Tanabe, K. and
                  Y. Ogata},
  title = {Whole mantle {$P$} wave travel time tomography},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {294--328}
}
@article{inoue94,
  author = {Inoue, T.},
  title = {Effect of water on melting phase relations and melt
                  composition in the system
                  Mg$_2$SiO$_4$--MgSiO$_3$--H$_2$O up to 15 GPa},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {237--263}
}
@article{ireland98,
  author = {Ireland, T. R. and Fl{\"{o}}ttman, T. and Fanning,
                  C. M. and Gibson, G. M. and Preiss, W. V.},
  title = {Development of the early {P}aleozoic {P}acific
                  margin of {G}ondwana from detrital-zircon ages
                  across the {D}elamerian orogen},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {243--246}
}
@unpublished{ireton97,
  author = {Ireton, M. F. W. and Manduca, C. A. and Mogk,
                  D. W. },
  title = {Shaping the Future of Undergraduate Earth Science
                  Education: {I}nnovation and Change Using an {Earth
                  System} Approach},
  year = 1997,
  note = {American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. Online at
                  \url{www.agu.org/sci_soc/spheres/}, accessed
                  06/2006}
}
@article{irifune93,
  author = {Irifune, T. and Ringwood, A. E.},
  title = {Phase transformations in subducted oceanic crust and
                  buoyanyc relationships at depths of 600--800 km in
                  the mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 117,
  pages = {101--110}
}
@article{irving56,
  author = {Irving, E.},
  title = {Paleomagnetic and palaeoclimatological aspects of
                  polar wandering},
  journal = {Geofis. Pura Appl.},
  year = 1956,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {23--41}
}
@article{irwin,
  author = {Irwin, G. R. and de Wit, R.},
  title = {Fracture Mechanics},
  journal = {J. Testing and Evaluation},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {56--65}
}
@article{irwin57,
  author = {Irwin, G. R.},
  title = {Analysis of Stresses and Strains Near the End of a
                  Crack Traversing a Plate},
  journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
  year = 1957,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {361--364}
}
@article{isaac15,
  title = {Scalable and efficient algorithms for the
                  propagation of uncertainty from data through
                  inference to prediction for large-scale problems,
                  with application to flow of the Antarctic ice sheet},
  author = {Isaac, Tobin and Petra, Noemi and Stadler, Georg and
                  Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J. Comp. Phys.},
  volume = 296,
  pages = {348--368},
  year = 2015
}
@article{isaak92,
  author = {Isaak, D. G.},
  title = {High-temperature elasticity of iron-bearing
                  olivines},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1871--1885}
}
@book{isaaks89,
  author = {Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M.},
  title = {An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1989,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{isacks68,
  author = {Isacks, B. L. and Oliver, J. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Seismology and the new global tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {5855--5899}
}
@article{isacks69,
  author = {Isacks, B. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Mantle earthquake mechanisms and the sinking of the
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 223,
  pages = {1121--1124}
}
@article{isacks71,
  author = {Isacks, B. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Distribution of stresses in the descending
                  lithosphere from a global survey of focal-mechanism
                  solutions of mantle earthquakes},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {103--175}
}
@incollection{isacks77,
  author = {Isacks, B. and Barazangi, M.},
  title = {Geometry of {B}enioff zones: lateral segmentations
                  and downward bending of subducted lithosphere},
  booktitle = {Island arcs, Deep Sea Trenches, and Back-Arc Basins},
  publisher = {AGU},
  year = 1977,
  editor = {Talwani, M. and Pitman III, W. C.},
  volume = 1,
  series = {Maurice Ewing},
  pages = {99--114},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{ishibashi04,
  title = {{Status of historical seismology in Japan}},
  author = {Ishibashi, Katsuhiko},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  pages = {339--368},
  volume = 47,
  publisher = {INGV}
}
@article{ishibashi20,
  title = {{Ancient and medieval events and recurrence interval
                  of great Kanto earthquakes along the Sagami Trough,
                  central Japan, as inferred from historiographical
                  seismology}},
  author = {Ishibashi, Katsuhiko},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {2579--2589},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ishibashi81,
  author = {Ishibashi, K.},
  title = {Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in
                  the {T}okai district, central {J}apan},
  journal = {Maurice Ewing},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {297--332}
}
@article{ishibe11,
  title = {{Change in seismicity beneath the Tokyo metropolitan
                  area due to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku
                  Earthquake}},
  author = {Ishibe, Takeo and Shimazaki, Kunihiko and Satake,
                  Kenji and Tsuruoka, Hiroshi},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 63,
  number = 7,
  pages = 40,
  year = 2011
}
@article{ishii01,
  author = {Ishii, M. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Even-degree lateral variations in the {E}arth's
                  mantle constrained by free oscillations and the
                  free-air gravity anomaly},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {77--96}
}
@article{ishii02,
  title = {{The innermost inner core of the earth: Evidence for
                  a change in anisotropic behavior at the radius of
                  about 300 km}},
  author = {Ishii, Miaki and Dziewo{\'n}ski, Adam M},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {14026--14030},
  year = 2002
}
@article{ishii03,
  author = {Ishii, M. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Distinct seismic anisotropy at the centre of the
                  Earth},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 140,
  pages = {203--217}
}
@article{ishii04,
  author = {Ishii, M. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Constraining large-scale mantle heterogeneity using
                  mantle and inner-core sensitive normal modes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {113--124}
}
@article{ishii98,
  author = {Ishii, M. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Three-dimensional models of mantle heterogeneity and
                  their implications for petrology},
  journal = {EOS, Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {F656}
}
@article{ishii99,
  author = {Ishii, M. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Normal-mode and free-air gravity constraints on
                  lateral variations in velocity and density of
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 285,
  pages = 1231
}
@article{ishimoto39,
  title = {Observations of earthquakes registered with the
                  microseismograph constructed recently},
  author = {Ishimoto, M},
  journal = {Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {443--478},
  year = 1939
}
@article{ishise05,
  author = {Ishise, M. and Oda, H.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional structure of P-wave anisotropy
                  beneath the Tohoku district, northeast Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B07304},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003599}
}
@article{ismail-zadeh04,
  author = {Ismail-Zadeh, A. and Schubert, G. and Tsepelev,
                  I. and Korotkii, A.},
  title = {Inverse problem of thermal convection: numerical
                  approach and application to mantle plume
                  restoration},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {99--114}
}
@book{ismail-zadeh10,
  author = {Ismail-Zadeh, A. and Tackley, P.},
  title = {Computational Methods for Geodynamics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2010
}
@article{ismail98,
  author = {W. Ben Ismail and D. Mainprice},
  title = {An olivine fabric database: {A}n overview of upper
                  mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {145--157}
}
@article{isse19,
  author = {T. Isse and H. Kawakatsu and K. Yoshizawa and
                  A. Takeo and H. Shiobara and H. Sugioka and A. Ito
                  and D. Suetsugu and D. Reymond},
  title = {{Surface wave tomography for the Pacific Ocean
                  incorporating seafloor seismic observations and
                  plate thermal evolution}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 510,
  pages = {116--130}
}
@article{ita94,
  title = {Sensitivity of convection with an endothermic phase
                  change to the form of governing equations, initial
                  conditions, boundary conditions, and equation of
                  state},
  author = {Ita, Joel and King, Scott D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15919--15938},
  year = 1994
}
@article{ita98,
  author = {Ita, J. and King, S. D.},
  title = {The influence of thermodynamic formulation on
                  simulations of subduction zone geometry and history},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1463--1466}
}
@article{ita98b,
  author = {Ita, J. and Cohen, R. E.},
  title = {Diffusion in {MgO} at high pressure: Implications
                  for lower mantle rheology},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1095--1098}
}
@article{ito01,
  title = {{Reykjanes 'V'-shaped ridges originating from a
                  pulsing and dehydrating mantle plume}},
  author = {Ito, Garrett},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 411,
  pages = {681--684},
  year = 2001
}
@article{ito03,
  author = {Ito, G. and Lin, J. and Graham, D.},
  title = {Observational and theoretical studies of the
                  dynamics of mantle plume-mid-ocean ridge
                  interaction},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 41,
  doi = {10.1029/2002RG000117}
}
@article{ito05,
  title = {{Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle:
                  1. Method and importance to the geochemistry of
                  ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalts}},
  author = {Ito, Garrett and Mahoney, John J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 230,
  pages = {29--46},
  year = 2005
}
@incollection{ito07,
  author = {Ito, G. and van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {Hotspots and melting anomalies},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.}
}
@article{ito07b,
  author = {Ito, Y. and Obara, K. and Shiomi, K. and Sekine,
                  S. and Hirose, H.},
  title = {Slow earthquakes coincident with episodic tremors
                  and slow slip events},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 315,
  pages = {503--506}
}
@article{ito08,
  title = {Magmatic and tectonic extension at mid-ocean ridges:
                  2. Origin of axial morphology},
  author = {Ito, Garrett and Behn, Mark D},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q09012},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC001970},
  year = 2008,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{ito13,
  title = {{Episodic slow slip events in the Japan subduction
                  zone before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Ito, Y. and Hino, R. and Kido, M.  and Fujimoto,
                  H. and Osada, Y. and Inazu, D. and Ohta, Y. and
                  Iinuma, T. and Ohzono, M. and Miura, S. and Masaaki,
                  M.  and Suzuki, K. and Tusji, T. and Ashi, J.},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 600,
  pages = {14--26},
  year = 2013
}
@article{ito14,
  author = {Ito, G. and Dunn, R. and Li, A. and Wolfe, C. J. and
                  Gallego, A. and Fu, Y.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and shear wave splitting
                  associated with mantle plume-plate interaction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {4923--4937},
  doi = {10.1002/2013JB010735},
  year = 2014
}
@article{ito23,
  author = {Ito, Ryo and Kaneko, Yoshihiro},
  title = {{Physical Mechanism for a Temporal Decrease of the
                  Gutenberg-Richter b-Value Prior to a Large
                  Earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  number = 12,
  pages = {e2023JB027413},
  year = 2023
}
@article{ito90,
  title = {Negative pressure-temperature slopes for reactions
                  formign MgSiO3 perovskite from calorimetry},
  author = {Ito, E and Akaogi, M and Topor, L and Navrotsky, A},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 249,
  pages = {1275--1278},
  year = 1990
}
@article{ito95,
  title = {Oceanic spreading center--hotspot interactions:
                  constraints from along-isochron bathymetric and
                  gravity anomalies},
  author = {Ito, Garrett and Lin, Jian},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {657--660},
  year = 1995
}
@article{ito99,
  author = {Ito, G. and Shen, Y. and Hirth, G. and Wolfe, C. J.},
  title = {Mantle flow, melting, and dehydration of the
                  {I}celand mantle plume},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {81--96}
}
@article{iwamori08,
  title = {Decoupled isotopic record of ridge and subduction
                  zone processes in oceanic basalts by independent
                  component analysis},
  author = {Iwamori, Hikaru and Albar{\`e}de, Francis},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q04033},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001753},
  year = 2008
}
@article{iwamori98,
  title = {{Transportation of H$_2$O and melting in subduction
                  zones}},
  author = {Iwamori, Hikaru},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 160,
  pages = {65--80},
  year = 1998,
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@incollection{jackson00,
  author = {Jackson, Ian},
  title = {Laboratory measurement of seismic wave dispersion
                  and attenuation: recent progress},
  booktitle = {{Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and
                  Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Shun-Ichiro Karato and Alessandro Forte and Robert
                  Liebermann and Guy Masters and Lars Stixrude},
  volume = 117,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {265--289},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{jackson02,
  author = {Jackson, I. and Fitz Gerald, J. D. and Faul, U. and
                  Tan, B. H.},
  title = {Grain-size-sensitive seismic wave attenuation in
                  polycrystalline olivine},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JG001225}
}
@article{jackson02b,
  title = {Strength of the continental lithosphere: time to
                  abandon the jelly sandwich?},
  author = {Jackson, JA},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {4--10},
  year = 2002
}
@article{jackson04,
  author = {Jackson, J. A. and Austrheim, H. and McKenzie,
                  D. and Priestley, K.},
  title = {Metastability, mechanical strength, and the support
                  of mountain belts},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {625--628}
}
@article{jackson07,
  title = {{The return of subducted continental crust in Samoan
                  lavas}},
  author = {Jackson, Matthew G and Hart, Stanley R and Koppers,
                  Anthony AP and Staudigel, Hubert and Konter, Jasper
                  and Blusztajn, Jerzy and Kurz, Mark and Russell,
                  Jamie A},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 448,
  pages = {684--687},
  year = 2007
}
@article{jackson10,
  title = {Evidence for the survival of the oldest terrestrial
                  mantle reservoir},
  author = {Jackson, Matthew G and Carlson, Richard W and Kurz,
                  Mark D and Kempton, Pamela D and Francis, Don and
                  Blusztajn, Jerzy},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 466,
  pages = {853--856},
  year = 2010
}
@article{jackson17,
  author = {Jackson, M. G. and Konter, J. G. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Primordial helium entrained by the hottest mantle
                  plumes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 542,
  pages = {340--343}
}
@article{jackson18,
  author = {Jackson, M. G. and Becker, T. W. and Konter, J. G.},
  title = {{Geochemistry and distribution of recycled domains
                  in the mantle inferred from Nd and Pb isotopes in
                  oceanic hot spots: Implications for storage in the
                  Large Low Shear Wave Velocity Provinces}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {3496--3519}
}
@article{jackson21,
  author = {Jackson, M. G. and Becker, T. W. and Steinberger,
                  B.},
  title = {Spatial characteristics of recycled and primordial
                  reservoirs in the deep mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {{e2020GC009525}}
}
@article{jackson22,
  title = {{Hemispheric geochemical dichotomy of the mantle is
                  a legacy of austral supercontinent assembly and
                  onset of deep continental crust subduction}},
  author = {Jackson, M.G. and Macdonald, F.A.},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {{e2022AV000664}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{jackson88,
  author = {Jackson, J. and McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {The relationship between plate motions and seismic
                  moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation
                  in the {M}editerranean and {M}iddle {E}ast},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {45--73}
}
@article{jackson98,
  author = {Jackson, I.},
  title = {Elasticity, composition and temperature of the
                  {E}arth's lower mantle: a reappraisal},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 134,
  pages = {291--311}
}
@incollection{jacob76,
  author = {Jacob, K. H. and Nakamura, K. and Davies, J. N.},
  title = {Trench-volcano gap along the {A}laska-{A}leutian
                  trench: facts and speculations on the role of
                  terrigenous sediments for subduction},
  booktitle = {Island arcs, deep sea trenches and back-arc basins},
  pages = {243--259},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1976,
  editor = {Talwani, M. and Pitman III, W. C.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{jacobsen79,
  author = {Jacobsen, S. B. and Wasserburg, G. J.},
  title = {The mean age of mantle and crustal reservoirs},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {7411--7427}
}
@article{jacobsen88,
  title = {Isotopic constraints on crustal growth and
                  recycling},
  author = {Jacobsen, Stein B},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {315--329},
  year = 1988
}
@article{jacobson00,
  title = {{Late Cretaceous protolith age and provenance of the
                  Pelona and Orocopia Schists, southern California:
                  Implications for evolution of the Cordilleran
                  margin}},
  author = {Jacobson, Carl E and Barth, Andrew P and Grove,
                  Marty},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 28,
  number = 3,
  pages = {219--222},
  year = 2000,
  publisher = {Geological Society of America}
}
@article{jacoby78,
  author = {Jacoby, W. R.},
  title = {One-dimensional modeling of mantle flow},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 116,
  pages = {1231--1249}
}
@article{jacoby81,
  author = {Jacoby, W. R. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Convection experiments and driving mechanism},
  journal = {Geol. Rundschau},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {217--284}
}
@article{jacquey20,
  author = {Jacquey, A. B. and Cacace, M.},
  title = {Multiphysics Modeling of a brittle-ductile
                  lithosphere: 1. {E}xplicit visco-elasto-plastic
                  formulation and its numerical implementation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 125,
  doi = {10.1029/2019JB018474}
}
@article{jadamec10,
  author = {Jadamec, M. A. and Billen, M. I.},
  title = {Reconciling surface plate motions with rapid
                  three-dimensional mantle flow around a slab edge},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 465,
  pages = {338--341}
}
@article{jadamec12,
  author = {Jadamec, M. A. and Billen, M. I.},
  title = {{The role of rheology and slab shape on rapid mantle
                  flow: 3D numerical models of the Alaska slab edge}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B02304},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008563}
}
@article{jadamec13,
  author = {Jadamec, M. A. and Billen, M. I. and Roseke, S. M.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional numerical models of flat slab
                  subduction and the Denali fault driving deformation
                  in south-central Alaska}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 376,
  pages = {29--42}
}
@article{jadamec16,
  title = {Insights on slab-driven mantle flow from advances in
                  three-dimensional modelling},
  author = {Jadamec, Margarete A},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {51--70},
  year = 2016
}
@book{jaeger,
  author = {Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W.},
  title = {Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics},
  publisher = {Menthuen},
  year = 1969,
  address = {London}
}
@article{jagoutz11,
  title = {{The roles of flux-and decompression melting and
                  their respective fractionation lines for continental
                  crust formation: Evidence from the Kohistan arc}},
  author = {Jagoutz, Oliver and M{\"u}ntener, Othmar and
                  Schmidt, Max W and Burg, Jean-Pierre},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 303,
  pages = {25--36},
  year = 2011
}
@article{jagoutz15,
  author = {Jagoutz, O. and Royden, L. and Holt, A. F. and
                  Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Anomalously fast convergence between India and
                  Eurasia caused by double subduction}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {475--478}
}
@article{jagoutz15b,
  title = {Role of arc processes in the formation of
                  continental crust},
  author = {Jagoutz, Oliver and Kelemen, Peter B},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {363--404},
  year = 2015
}
@article{jain19,
  title = {Global analysis of experimental data on the rheology
                  of olivine aggregates},
  author = {Jain, Chhavi and Korenaga, Jun and Karato,
                  Shun-ichiro},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {310--334},
  year = 2019
}
@article{jain19b,
  title = {Growing primordial continental crust
                  self-consistently in global mantle convection
                  models},
  author = {Jain, Charitra and Rozel, Antoine B and Tackley,
                  Paul J and Sanan, Patrick and Gerya, Taras V},
  journal = {Gondw. Res.},
  volume = 73,
  pages = {96--122},
  year = 2019
}
@article{james11,
  author = {James, D. E. and Fouch, M. J. and Carlson, R. W. and
                  Roth, J. B.},
  title = {{Slab fragmentation, edge flow and the origin of the
                  Yellowstone hotspot track}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 311,
  pages = {124--135}
}
@article{james1994,
  author = {James, A.I. and Watkinson, A.J.},
  title = {Initiation of folding and boudinage in wrench shear
                  and transpression},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {883--893},
  year = 1994
}
@article{james84,
  author = {James, D. E. and L. A. Murcia},
  title = {Crustal contamination in northern {A}ndean volcanic},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. London},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {823--830}
}
@article{jamieson13,
  author = {R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont},
  title = {On the origin of orogens},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {1671--1702}
}
@article{jamieson65,
  author = {Jamieson, T. F.},
  title = {On the History of the Last Geological Changes in
                  {S}cotland},
  journal = {Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London},
  year = 1865,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {161--203}
}
@incollection{jamieson98,
  author = {Jamieson, Rebecca Anne and Beaumont, C and Fullsack,
                  P and Lee, B},
  title = {Barrovian regional metamorphism: where's the heat?},
  booktitle = {What Drives Metamorphism and Metamorphic Reactions?},
  publisher = {The Geological Society of London},
  year = 1998,
  editor = {Treloar, P. J. and O'Brien, P. J.},
  volume = 138,
  series = {Spec. Ser.},
  pages = {23--51}
}
@article{jammes10,
  author = {S. Jammes and L. L. Lavier and G. Manatschal},
  title = {{Extreme crustal thinning of the Bay of Biscay and
                  Western Pyrenees: From observations to modeling}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q10016},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003218}
}
@article{jaoul84,
  title = {The effect of varying water contents on the creep
                  behavior of {H}eavitree quartzite},
  author = {Jaoul, Olivier and Tullis, Jan and Kronenberg,
                  Andreas},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {4298--4312},
  year = 1984
}
@article{jaramillo05,
  author = {Jaramillo, J. and Linero, P. R. and Garver, J. I.},
  title = {{Neogene volcanism in the Cordillera Oriental of the
                  Andes, Colombnia}},
  journal = {Earth Sci. Res.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {19--29}
}
@article{jarrard86,
  author = {Jarrard, R. D.},
  title = {Relations among subduction parameters},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {217--284}
}
@article{jarvis80,
  author = {Jarvis, G.T. and McKenzie, D.P.},
  title = {{Convection in a compressible fluid with infinite
                  Prandtl number}},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {515--583}
}
@article{jarvis82,
  author = {Jarvis, G. T. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {Mantle convection as a boundary layer phenomenon},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 68,
  pages = {389--427}
}
@article{jarvis84,
  author = {Jarvis, G. T.},
  title = {Time-dependent convection in the Earth's mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {305--327}
}
@incollection{jarvis89,
  author = {Jarvis, G. T. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {Convection models and geophysical observations},
  booktitle = {Mantle convection: Plate Tectonics and Global
                  Dynamics},
  publisher = {Gordon and Breach Science Pub.},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Peltier, W. R.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Fluid Mech. Astrophys. Geophys.},
  pages = {479--593},
  address = {New York, NY}
}
@article{jasbinsek07,
  author = {Jasbinsek, J. and K. Dueker},
  title = {{Ubiquitous low-velocity layer atop the 410-km
                  discontinuity in the northern Rocky Mountains}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 8,
  number = {Q10004},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001661}
}
@article{jaume92,
  author = {Jaum{\'{e}}, S. C. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Change in the State of Stress on the southern {S}an
                  {A}ndreas Fault resulting from the {C}alifornia
                  earthquake sequence of {A}pril to {J}une 1992},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 258,
  pages = {1325--1328},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california, triggering}
}
@article{jaume96,
  author = {Jaum{\'{e}}, S. C. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Evolution of moderate seismicity in the {S}an
                  {F}rancisco {B}ay region, 1850 to 1993: Seismicity
                  changes related to the occurrence of large and great
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {765--789},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@incollection{jaupart07,
  author = {Jaupart, C. and Labrosse, S. and Marechal, J.-C.},
  title = {Temperatures, heat and energy in the mantle of the
                  {E}arth},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.},
  pages = {253--303}
}
@incollection{jaupart15,
  author = {Jaupart, C. and Labrosse, S. and Lucazeau, F. and
                  Marechal, J.-C.},
  title = {Temperatures, heat and energy in the mantle of the
                  {E}arth},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  edition = 2,
  editor = {Schubert, G.},
  pages = {223--270}
}
@article{jaupart85,
  author = {Jaupart, C. and Parsons, B.},
  title = {Convective instabilities in a variable viscosity
                  fluid cooled from above},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {14--32}
}
@article{javoy95,
  author = {Javoy, M.},
  title = {The integral enstatite chondrite model of the earth},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {2219--2222}
}
@article{jeanloz87,
  author = {Jeanloz, R. and Morris, S.},
  title = {Is the mantle geotherm sub-adiabatic?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {335--338}
}
@article{jeanloz88,
  author = {Jeanloz, R. and Wenk, H. R.},
  title = {Convection and anisotropy of the inner core},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {72--75}
}
@article{jeffreys15,
  title = {{Certain hypotheses as to the internal structure of
                  the Earth and Moon}},
  author = {Jeffreys, Harold},
  journal = {Mem. Royal Astron. Soc.},
  volume = 60,
  pages = 187,
  year = 1915
}
@book{jeffreys24,
  author = {Jeffreys, H.},
  title = {{The Earth: Its Origin, History and Physical
                  Constitution}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1924
}
@article{jeffreys26,
  title = {{The rigidity of the Earth's central core}},
  author = {Jeffreys, Harold},
  journal = {Geophys. Supp. Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {371--383},
  year = 1926
}
@article{jellinek02,
  author = {Jellinek, A. M. and Manga, M.},
  title = {The influence of a chemical boundary layer on the
                  fixity, spacing and lifetime of mantle plumes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 418,
  pages = {760--763}
}
@article{jellinek04,
  author = {Jellinek, A. M. and Manga, M.},
  title = {{Links between long-lived hot spots, mantle plumes,
                  D'', and plate tectonics}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 42,
  number = {RG3002},
  doi = {10.1029/2003RG000144}
}
@article{jellinek20,
  title = {{Ice, fire, or fizzle: The climate footprint of
                  Earth's supercontinental cycles}},
  author = {Jellinek, AM and Lenardic, A and Pierrehumbert, RT},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {{e2019GC008464}},
  year = 2020
}
@book{jennings75,
  author = {Jennings, C. W.},
  title = {Fault map of {C}alifornia with locations of
                  volcanoes, thermal springs, and thermal wells},
  publisher = {California Division of Mines and Geology},
  year = 1975,
  number = 1,
  series = {Geologic Data Map},
  address = {Sacramento CA}
}
@article{jeppson18,
  title = {Laboratory measurements quantifying elastic
                  properties of accretionary wedge sediments:
                  Implications for slip to the trench during the 2011
                  {M}w 9.0 {T}ohoku-{O}ki earthquake},
  author = {Jeppson, Tamara N and Tobin, Harold J and Hashimoto,
                  Yoshitaka},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {1411--1424},
  year = 2018
}
@article{jeyakumaran92,
  title = {Modeling slip zones with triangular dislocation
                  elements},
  author = {Jeyakumaran, M and Rudnicki, JW and Keer, LM},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {2153--2169},
  year = 1992
}
@article{jeyakumaran95,
  author = {Jeyakumaran, M. and Rudnicki, J. W.},
  title = {The sliding wing crack -- {A}gain!},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  pages = {2901--2904}
}
@article{jhdavies92,
  author = {Davies, J. H. and Gudmundsson, O. and Clayton,
                  R. W.},
  title = {Spectra of mantle shear wave velocity structure},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {565--582}
}
@article{ji15,
  title = {{Magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy in
                  mica-and amphibole-bearing metamorphic rocks and
                  implications for tectonic interpretation of seismic
                  data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau}},
  author = {Ji, Shaocheng and Shao, Tongbin and Michibayashi,
                  Katsuyoshi and Oya, Shoma and Satsukawa, Takako and
                  Wang, Qian and Zhao, Weihua and Salisbury, Matthew
                  H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {6404--6430},
  year = 2015
}
@article{ji16,
  title = {{Three-dimensional numerical modeling of temperature
                  and mantle flow fields associated with subduction of
                  the Philippine Sea plate, southwest Japan}},
  author = {Ji, Yingfeng and Yoshioka, Shoichi and Matsumoto,
                  Takumi},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {4458--4482},
  year = 2016
}
@article{ji17,
  title = {Slab dehydration and earthquake distribution beneath
                  southwestern and central {Japan} based on
                  three-dimensional thermal modeling},
  author = {Ji, Yingfeng and Yoshioka, Shoichi},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {2679--2686},
  year = 2017
}
@article{ji94,
  author = {Ji, S. and Zhao, X. and Francis, D.},
  title = {Calibration of shear-wave splitting in the
                  subcontinental upper mantle beneath active orogenic
                  belts using ultramafic xenoliths from the {C}anadian
                  {C}ordillera and {A}laska},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 239,
  pages = {1--27}
}
@article{jiang16,
  author = {Jiang, J. and Lapusta, N.},
  title = {Deeper penetration of large earthquakes on
                  seismically quiescent faults},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 352,
  pages = {1293--1297}
}
@article{jiang18b,
  title = {{An anisotropic contrast in the lithosphere across
                  the central San Andreas fault}},
  author = {Jiang, Chengxin and Schmandt, Brandon and Clayton,
                  Robert W},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {3967--3975},
  year = 2018
}
@article{jiangetal18,
  author = {Jiang, Chengxin and Schmandt, Brandon and Clayton,
                  Robert W.},
  title = {{An Anisotropic Contrast in the Lithosphere Across
                  the Central San Andreas Fault}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = {{2018}},
  volume = {{45}},
  pages = {{3967--3975}}
}
@article{jimenez_munt11,
  author = {I. Jim{\'{e}}nez-Munt and M. Fern{\`{a}}ndez and
                  J. Verg{\'{e}}s abd D. Garcia-Castellanos and
                  J. Fullea and M. P{\'{e}}rez-Gussiny{\'{e}} and
                  J. C. Afonso},
  title = {Decoupled crust‐mantle accommodation of
                  {Africa-Eurasia} convergence in the {NW Moroccan
                  margin}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  number = {B08403},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB008105}
}
@article{jochum83,
  author = {Jochum, K. P. and Hofmann, A. W. and Ito, E. and
                  Seufert, H. M. and White, W. M.},
  title = {{K, U and Th in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and
                  heat production, K/U and K/Rb in the mantle}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 306,
  pages = {431--436}
}
@article{john09,
  author = {John, T. and S. Medvedev and L. H. R{\"{u}}pke and
                  T. B. Andersen and Y. Y. Podladchikov and H.
                  Austrheim},
  title = {Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self
                  localizing themal runaway},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {137--140}
}
@article{johnson02,
  author = {Johnson, M. R. W.},
  title = {{Shortening budgets and the role of continental
                  subduction during the India-Asia collision}},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {101--123}
}
@article{johnson04,
  title = {Viscoelastic earthquake cycle models with deep
                  stress-driven creep along the San Andreas fault
                  system},
  author = {Johnson, KM and Segall, P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B10},
  year = 2004
}
@article{johnson12,
  title = {Challenging the rate-state asperity model:
                  {A}fterslip following the 2011 {M9} {T}ohoku-oki,
                  {J}apan, earthquake},
  author = {Johnson, K. M and Fukuda, J. and Segall, P.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  number = {L20302},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL052901},
  year = 2012
}
@article{johnson16,
  title = {Small interseismic asperities and widespread
                  aseismic creep on the northern {J}apan subduction
                  interface},
  author = {Johnson, K. M. and Mavrommatis, A. and Segall, P.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {135--143},
  year = 2016
}
@article{johnson18,
  author = {Johnson, Kaj M. and Tebo, Douglas},
  title = {Capturing 50 Years of Postseismic Mantle Flow at
                  {Nankai} Subduction Zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {10,091--10,106},
  year = 2018
}
@article{johnson21,
  title = {{Learning the low frequency earthquake activity on
                  the central San Andreas Fault}},
  author = {Johnson, Christopher W and Johnson, Paul A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {e2021GL092951},
  year = 2021
}
@article{johnson90,
  author = {Johnson, K. T. M. and Dick, H. J. B. and Shimizu,
                  N.},
  title = {Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: an ion
                  microprobe study of {D}iopsides in abyssal
                  peridotites},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {2661--2678}
}
@phdthesis{johnson93,
  author = {Johnson, H. O.},
  title = {Techniques and studies in crustal deformation},
  school = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = 1993
}
@article{johnson94,
  author = {Johnson, J. M. and Tanioka, Y. and Ruff, J. and
                  Satake, K. and Kanamori, H. and Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {The 1957 great {A}leutian earthquake},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {3--28},
  annote = {joint inversion}
}
@article{johnson96,
  author = {Johnson, J. M. and Satake, K. and Holdahl, S. R. and
                  Sauber, J.},
  title = {The 1964 {P}rince {W}iliam {S}ound earthquake: Joint
                  inversion of tsunami and geodetic data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {523--532},
  month = {January},
  annote = {joint inversion}
}
@article{johnson99,
  author = {Johnson, M. and Plank, T.},
  title = {Dehydration and melting experiments constrain the
                  fate of subducted sediments},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 1,
  number = 1007,
  doi = {10.1029/1999GC000014}
}
@article{johnsonh94,
  author = {Johnson, H. O. and Agnew, D. C. and Wyatt, F. K.},
  title = {Present-day crustal deformation in southern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {23951--23974}
}
@article{johnston90,
  author = {Johnston, M. J. and S. A. T. Linde and
                  M. T. Gladwin},
  title = {Near-field high resolution strain measurements prior
                  to the {October} 18 1989, {L}oma {P}rieta {Ms 7.1}
                  earthquake},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1777--1780}
}
@article{johri14,
  author = {M. Johri and E. M. Dunham and M. D. Zoback and
                  Z. Fang},
  title = {Predicting fault damage zones by modeling dynamic
                  rupture propagation and comparison with field
                  observations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1251--1272}
}
@article{jolivet00,
  author = {Jolivet, L. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Mediterranean extension and the {A}frica-{E}urasia
                  collision},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1095--1107}
}
@article{jolivet03,
  title = {{Subduction tectonics and exhumation of
                  high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Mediterranean
                  orogens}},
  author = {Jolivet, Laurent and Faccenna, Claudio and
                  Goff{\'e}, Bruno and Burov, Evgenii B. and Agard,
                  Philippe},
  journal = {Amer. J. Sci.},
  volume = 303,
  pages = {353--409},
  year = 2003
}
@article{jolivet09,
  title = {From mantle to crust: {Stretching the
                  Mediterranean}},
  author = {Jolivet, Laurent and Faccenna, Claudio and
                  Piromallo, Claudia},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 285,
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {198--209},
  year = 2009
}
@article{jolivet10,
  title = {{The North Cycladic detachment system}},
  author = {Jolivet, Laurent and Lecomte, Emmanuel and Huet,
                  Benjamin and Den{\`e}le, Yoann and Lacombe, Olivier
                  and Labrousse, Loic and Le Pourhiet, Laetitia and
                  Mehl, Caroline},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 289,
  pages = {87--104},
  year = 2010
}
@article{jolivet10b,
  title = {{Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Aegean}},
  author = {Jolivet, Laurent and Brun, Jean-Pierre},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {109--138},
  year = 2010
}
@article{jolivet20,
  title = {Interseismic loading of subduction megathrust drives
                  long-term uplift in northern {C}hile},
  author = {Jolivet, Romain and Simons, M and Duputel, Z and
                  Olive, J-A and Bhat, HS and Bletery, Quentin},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  number = {e2019GL085377},
  year = 2020
}
@article{jolivet98,
  author = {Jolivet, L. and Faccenna, C. and Goff{\`{e}}, B. and
                  Mattei, M. and Rossetti, F. and Brunet, C. and
                  Storti, F. and Funiciello, R. and Cadet, J. P. and
                  d'Agostino, N. and Parra, T.},
  title = {Midcrustal shear zones in postorogenic extension:
                  {E}xample from the northern {T}yrrhenian Sea},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {12123--12161}
}
@incollection{jolivet99,
  author = {Jolivet, L. and Faccenna, C. and d'Agostino, N. and
                  Fournier, M. and Worrall, D.},
  title = {The kinematics of back-arc basins, examples from the
                  {T}yrrhenian, {A}egean and {J}apan {S}eas},
  booktitle = {The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary extension within
                  the Alpine orogen},
  pages = {21--53},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1999,
  editor = {Mac Niocaill, C. and Ryan, P. D.},
  volume = 164,
  series = {Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ.},
  address = {London}
}
@article{jones18,
  author = {Jones, D.W.R. and Katz, R.F. and Tian, M. and Rudge,
                  J.F.},
  title = {Thermal impact of magmatism in subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 481,
  pages = {73--79}
}
@article{jones1998,
  author = {Jones, A. G. and Sonder, L. and Unruh, J. R.},
  title = {Lithospheric gravitational potential energy and past
                  orogenesis: Implications for conditions of initial
                  {B}asin and {R}ange and {L}aramide deformation},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {639-642},
  year = 1998
}
@article{jones92,
  author = {Jones, C. H. and Wernicke, B. P. and Farmer,
                  G. L. and Walker, J. D. and Coleman, D. S. and
                  McKenna, L. W. and Perry, F. V.},
  title = {{Variations across and along a major continental
                  rift: an interdisciplinary study of the Basin and
                  Range Province, western USA}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 213,
  pages = {57--96}
}
@article{jones95,
  author = {Jones, L. E. and Hough, S. E.},
  title = {Analysis of broadband records from the 28 {J}une
                  1992 {B}ig {B}ear earthquake; evidence of a
                  multiple-event source},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {688--704}
}
@article{jones96,
  author = {Jones, C. H. and Unruh, J. R. and Sonder, L.J.},
  title = {{The role of gravitational potential energy in
                  active deformation in the southwestern United
                  States}},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 381,
  pages = {37-41},
  year = 1996
}
@article{jonsson03,
  title = {Post-earthquake ground movements correlated to
                  pore-pressure transients},
  author = {J{\'o}nsson, Sigurj{\'o}n and Segall, Paul and
                  Pedersen, Rikke and Bj{\"o}rnsson, Gr{\'\i}mur},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 424,
  pages = {179--183},
  year = 2003
}
@article{jordan13,
  author = {Jordan, T. H. and Paulson, E. G.},
  title = {Convergence depths of tectonic regions from an
                  ensemble of global tomographic models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {4196--4225}
}
@article{jordan74,
  author = {Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Some comments on tidal drag as a mechanism for
                  driving plate motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {2141--2142}
}
@article{jordan78,
  author = {Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Composition and development of the continental
                  tectosphere},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 274,
  pages = {544--548}
}
@article{jordan81,
  author = {Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Global tectonic regionalization for seismological
                  data analysis},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {1131--1141}
}
@article{jordan81b,
  title = {Continents as a chemical boundary layer},
  author = {Jordan, TH},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. A},
  volume = 301,
  pages = {359--373},
  year = 1981
}
@article{jordan93,
  title = {Comparisons between seismic Earth structures and
                  mantle flow models based on radial correlation
                  functions},
  author = {Jordan, Thomas H and Puster, Peter and Glatzmaier,
                  Gary A and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 261,
  pages = {1427--1431},
  year = 1993
}
@article{jost89,
  title = {A student’s guide to and review of moment tensors},
  author = {Jost, ML u and Herrmann, RB},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 60,
  pages = {37--57},
  year = 1989
}
@article{jouanne11,
  author = {F. Jouanne and F. A. Audemard and C. Beck and A. van
                  Welden and R. Ollarves and C. Reinoz},
  title = {{Present-day deformation along the El Pilar Fault in
                  eastern Venezuela: Evidence of creep along a major
                  transform boundary}},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {398--410}
}
@article{julia00,
  author = {Julia, J. and Ammon, C. J. and Herrmann, R. B. and
                  Correig, A. M.},
  title = {Joint inversion of receiver function and surface
                  wave dispersion observations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {99--112}
}
@article{julian94,
  title = {Volcanic tremor: nonlinear excitation by fluid flow},
  author = {Julian, Bruce R},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {11859--11877},
  year = 1994
}
@article{jung01,
  author = {Jung, H. and Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 293,
  pages = {1460--1463}
}
@article{jung09,
  author = {Jung, H. and Mo, W. and Green, H. W.},
  title = {Upper mantle seismic anisotropy resulting from
                  pressure-induced slip transitions in olivine},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {73--77}
}
@misc{jupyter21,
  author = {{Project Jupyter}},
  title = {Jupyter website},
  year = 2021,
  note = {online at \url{jupyter.org/index.html}, accessed
                  01/2021}
}
@incollection{kachanov92,
  author = {Kachanov, M.},
  title = {Effective elastic properties of cracked solids:
                  critical review of some basic concepts},
  booktitle = {Micromechnical modeling of quasi-brittle behavior},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  year = 1992,
  editor = {Li, V. C.},
  volume = 45,
  series = {Appl. Mech. Rev.},
  pages = {304--335}
}
@article{kachanov94,
  author = {Kachanov, M.},
  title = {Elastic solids with many cracks and related
                  problems},
  journal = {Advan. Appl. Mech.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {259--445}
}
@incollection{kadinsky82,
  author = {Kadinsky-Cade, K. and Wilemann, R. J.},
  title = {Towards understanding aftershock patterns: The basic
                  pattern for strike slip earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 63,
  pages = 384,
  note = {(abstract)},
  annote = {static stress change, aftershocks}
}
@incollection{kaeser10,
  author = {K{\"{a}}ser, M. and Castro, C. and Hermann, V. and
                  Pelties, C.},
  booktitle = {High Performance Computing in Science and
                  Engineering Garching/Munich 2009},
  title = {{SeisSol: a software for seismic wave propagation
                  simulations}},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2010,
  pages = {281--292},
  address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
  note = {Package available online at \url{www.seissol.org},
                  accessed 02/2020}
}
@article{kagan00,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {Probabilistic forecasting of earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {438--453}
}
@article{kagan02,
  title = {{Seismic moment distribution revisited:
                  I. Statistical results}},
  author = {Kagan, Yan Y},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 148,
  pages = {520--541},
  year = 2002
}
@article{kagan09,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {{On the geometric complexity of earthquake focal
                  zone and fault systems: A statistical study}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {254--268}
}
@article{kagan12,
  author = {Kagan, Y.Y. and Jackson, D.D. and Geller, R.J.},
  title = {{Characteristic earthquake model, 1884–2011, R.I.P}},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {951--953}
}
@article{kagan80,
  author = {Kagan,Y. Y. and Knopoff,L.},
  title = {Spatial distribution of earthquakes: the two-point
                  correlation function},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 62,
  number = 2,
  pages = {303--320},
  year = 1980
}
@article{kagan82,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Stochastic model of earthquake fault geometry},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {659-691}
}
@article{kagan85,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {The first-order statistical moment of the seismic
                  moment tensor},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {429--444}
}
@article{kagan90,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Random stress and earthquake statistics: Spatial
                  dependence},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {573-583}
}
@article{kagan94,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Incremental stress and earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 117,
  pages = {345--364}
}
@article{kagan94b,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y. and Jackson, D. D. },
  title = {Long-term probabilistic forecasting of earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {13685--13700}
}
@article{kagan95,
  title = {New seismic gap hypothesis: {F}ive years after},
  author = {Kagan, YY and Jackson, DD},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {3943--3959},
  year = 1995
}
@article{kagan97,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Are earthquakes predictable?},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {505--525}
}
@article{kagan98,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {Spatial aftershock distribution: Effect of normal
                  stress},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24453--24467}
}
@article{kagan99,
  author = {Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Universality of the Seismic Moment-frequency
                  Relation},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {537--573}
}
@article{kageyama95,
  title = {{Computer simulation of a magnetohydrodynamic
                  dynamo. II}},
  author = {Kageyama, Akira and Sato, Tetsuya and {Complexity
                  Simulation Group}},
  journal = {Phys. Plasmas},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {1421--1431},
  year = 1995
}
@article{kamer15,
  title = {{Data-driven spatial b value estimation with
                  applications to California seismicity: To b or not
                  to b}},
  author = {Kamer, Yavor and Wiemer, Stefan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {5191--5214},
  year = 2015
}
@article{kameyama97,
  author = {Kameyama, M. and Yuen, D. A. and Hiromi, H.},
  title = {The interaction of viscous heating with grain-size
                  dependent rheology in the formation of localized
                  slip zones},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {2523--2526}
}
@article{kaminski01,
  author = {Kaminski, {\'{E}}. and Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {A kinematic model for for recrystallization and
                  texture development in olivine polycrystals},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 189,
  pages = {253--267}
}
@article{kaminski02,
  author = {Kaminski, {\'{E}}. and Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Time scales for the evolution of seismic anisotropy
                  in mantle flow},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  number = {2001GC000222},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2002
}
@article{kaminski02b,
  author = {Kaminski, {\'{E}}.},
  title = {The influence of water on the development of lattice
                  preferred orientation in olivine aggregates},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {10.1029/2002GL014710}
}
@article{kaminski04,
  author = {Kaminski, {\'{E}}. and Ribe, N. M.. and Browaeys,
                  J. T.},
  title = {D-{R}ex, a program for calculation of seismic
                  anisotropy due to crystal lattice preferred
                  orientation in the convective upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2004
}
@incollection{kanamori00,
  author = {Kanamori, H. and Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Microscopic and macroscopic physics of earthquakes},
  booktitle = {GeoComplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes},
  pages = {147--163},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Rundle, J. B. and Turcotte, D. L. and Klein, W.},
  volume = 120,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{kanamori75,
  author = {Kanamori, H. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Theoretical basis of some empirical relations in
                  seismology},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 65,
  pages = {1073--1095}
}
@article{kanamori77,
  author = {Kanamori, H.},
  title = {The energy release in great earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {2981--2987}
}
@article{kanamori77b,
  title = {Importance of physical dispersion in surface wave
                  and free oscillation problems},
  author = {Kanamori, Hiroo and Anderson, Don L},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {105--112},
  year = 1977
}
@article{kanda10,
  author = {Kanda, R. V. S. And Simons, M.},
  title = {An elastic plate model for interseismic deformation
                  in subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B03405},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006611}
}
@article{kane11,
  author = {Kane, D. L. and G. A. Prieto and F. L. Vernon and
                  P. M. Shearer},
  title = {Quantifying Seismic Source Parameter Uncertainties},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {535--543}
}
@article{kaneko18,
  title = {Simple physical model for the probability of a
                  subduction-zone earthquake following slow slip
                  events and earthquakes: {A}pplication to the
                  {H}ikurangi megathrust, {New Zealand}},
  author = {Kaneko, Yoshihiro and Wallace, Laura M and Hamling,
                  Ian J and Gerstenberger, Matthew C},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {3932--3941},
  year = 2018
}
@article{kaneko19,
  title = {Ultra-long Duration of Seismic Ground Motion Arising
                  From a Thick, Low-Velocity Sedimentary Wedge},
  author = {Kaneko, Yoshihiro and Ito, Yoshihiro and Chow,
                  Bryant and Wallace, Laura M and Tape, Carl and
                  Grapenthin, Ronni and D'Anastasio, Elisabetta and
                  Henrys, Stuart and Hino, Ryota},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {10347--10359},
  year = 2019
}
@article{kaneoka78,
  title = {{Excess $^{129}$Xe and high $^3$He/$^4$He ratios in
                  olivine phenocrysts of Kapuho lava and xenolithic
                  dunites from Hawaii}},
  author = {Kaneoka, Ichiro and Takaoka, Nobuo},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {382--386},
  year = 1978
}
@article{kaneoka80,
  title = {Rare gas isotopes in Hawaiian ultramafic nodules and
                  volcanic rocks: constraint on genetic relationships},
  author = {Kaneoka, Ichiro and Takaoka, Nobuo},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 208,
  pages = {1366--1368},
  year = 1980
}
@article{kaneshima03,
  author = {S. Kaneshima and G. R. Helffrich},
  title = {Subparallel dipping heterogeneities in the mid-lower
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001596}
}
@article{kaneshima99,
  author = {Kaneshima, S. and Helffrich, G.},
  title = {Dipping Low-Velocity layer in the mid-lower mantle:
                  evidence for geochemical heterogeneity},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1888--1891}
}
@article{kano15,
  title = {{Real data assimilation for optimization of
                  frictional parameters and prediction of afterslip in
                  the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake inferred from slip
                  velocity by an adjoint method}},
  author = {Kano, Masayuki and Miyazaki, Shin'ichi and Ishikawa,
                  Yoichi and Hiyoshi, Yoshihisa and Ito, Kosuke and
                  Hirahara, Kazuro},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 203,
  pages = {646--663},
  year = 2015
}
@article{kao05,
  title = {A wide depth distribution of seismic tremors along
                  the northern {C}ascadia margin},
  author = {Kao, Honn and Shan, Shao-Ju and Dragert, Herb and
                  Rogers, Garry and Cassidy, John F and Ramachandran,
                  Kumar},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 436,
  pages = {841--844},
  year = 2005
}
@incollection{kaplan79,
  author = {Kaplan, J. L. and Yorke, J. A.},
  title = {Chaotic behavior of multidimensional difference
                  equations},
  booktitle = {Functional Differential Equations and Approximations
                  of Fixed Points},
  pages = {204--227},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 1979,
  editor = {Peitgen, H.-O. and Walter, H.-O.},
  volume = 730,
  series = {Lecture Notes in Mathematics},
  address = {Berlin}
}
@article{kapp08,
  author = {Kapp, P. and Taylor, M. and Stockli, D. and Lin, D.},
  title = {{Active development of low-angle normal fault
                  systems during orogenic collapse: Insight from
                  Tibet}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {7--10}
}
@article{kapp19,
  title = {{Mesozoic--Cenozoic geological evolution of the
                  Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and working tectonic
                  hypotheses}},
  author = {Kapp, Paul and DeCelles, Peter G},
  journal = {Amer. J. Sci.},
  volume = 319,
  pages = {159--254},
  year = 2019
}
@article{kaproth13,
  title = {Slow earthquakes, preseismic velocity changes, and
                  the origin of slow frictional stick-slip},
  author = {Kaproth, Bryan M and Marone, C},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 341,
  pages = {1229--1232},
  year = 2013
}
@article{karabinos98,
  author = {Karabinos, P. and Samson, S. D. and Hepburn,
                  J. C. and Stoll, H. M.},
  title = {Taconian orogeny in the {N}ew {E}ngland
                  {A}ppalachians: Collision between {L}aurentia and
                  the {S}helburne {F}alls arc},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {215--218}
}
@article{karaouglu18,
  title = {Inferring global upper-mantle shear attenuation
                  structure by waveform tomography using the spectral
                  element method},
  author = {Karao{\u{g}}lu, Haydar and Romanowicz, Barbara},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 213,
  pages = {1536--1558},
  year = 2018
}
@incollection{karason00,
  author = {K{\'{a}}rason, H. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Constraints on mantle convection from seismic
                  tomography},
  booktitle = {The History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motion},
  pages = {277--288},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Richards, M. A. and Gordon, R. G. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  volume = 121,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{karason01,
  author = {K{\'{a}}rason, H. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Tomographic imaging of the lowermost mantle with
                  differential times of refracted and diffracted core
                  phases ({PKP}, {Pdiff})},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {6569--6588}
}
@phdthesis{karason02,
  author = {K{\'{a}}rason, H.},
  title = {Constraints on mantle convection from seismic
                  tomography and flow modeling},
  school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Cambridge MA},
  month = {June}
}
@article{karato01,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Karki, B. B.},
  title = {Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave
                  velocities and density in the deep mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {21771--21783},
  year = 2001
}
@article{karato01b,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Riedel, M. R. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Rheological structure and deformation of subducted
                  slabs in the mantle transition zone: implications
                  for mantle circulation and deep earthquakes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {83--108}
}
@incollection{karato05,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Mapping water content in the upper mantle},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2004,
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{karato08,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Jung, H. and Katayama, I. and
                  Skemer, P.},
  title = {Geodynamic significance of seismic anisotropy of the
                  upper mantle: new insights from laboratory studies},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {59-95}
}
@article{karato12,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {On the origin of the asthenosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = {321--322},
  pages = {95--103}
}
@article{karato15,
  title = {Mechanisms and geologic significance of the
                  mid-lithosphere discontinuity in the continents},
  author = {Karato, Shun-ichiro and Olugboji, Tolulope and Park,
                  Jeffrey},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {509--514},
  year = 2015
}
@article{karato81,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Rheology of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@article{karato89,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Plasticity-crystal structure systematics in dense
                  oxides and its implications for the creep strength
                  of the {E}arth's deep interior: a preliminary
                  result},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {234--240}
}
@article{karato89b,
  title = {Grain growth kinetics in olivine aggregates},
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 168,
  pages = {255--273},
  year = 1989
}
@article{karato92a,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Li, P.},
  title = {Diffusion creep in perovskite: implications for the
                  rheology of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {1238--1240}
}
@article{karato92b,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {On the {L}ehmann discontinuity},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {2255--2258}
}
@article{karato93,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Wu, P.},
  title = {Rheology of the upper mantle: a synthesis},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 260,
  pages = {771--778}
}
@article{karato93a,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Inner core anisotropy due to the magnetic
                  field-induced preferred orientation of iron},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 262,
  pages = {1708--1711}
}
@article{karato93b,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of
                  seismic tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1623--1626}
}
@article{karato97,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Rubie, D. C.},
  title = {Toward an experimental study of deep mantle
                  rheology: A new multianvil sample assembly for
                  deformation studies under high pressures and
                  temperatures},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {20111-20122}
}
@article{karato98,
  author = {Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy in the deep mantle, boundary
                  layers and the geometry of convection},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {565--587}
}
@article{karato98b,
  author = {Karato, S.-i. and Jung, H.},
  title = {Water, partial melting and the origin of seismic low
                  velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {193--207}
}
@article{karimpouli23,
  title = {Explainable machine learning for labquake prediction
                  using catalog-driven features},
  author = {Karimpouli, Sadegh and Caus, Danu and Grover, Harsh
                  and Mart{\'\i}nez-Garz{\'o}n, Patricia and Bohnhoff,
                  Marco and Beroza, Gregory C and Dresen, Georg and
                  Goebel, Thomas H. W. and Weigel, Tobias and Kwiatek,
                  Grzegorz},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 622,
  pages = 118383,
  year = 2023
}
@article{karlsen21,
  title = {Spatiotemporal variations in surface heat loss imply
                  a heterogeneous mantle cooling history},
  author = {Karlsen, Krister S and Conrad, Clinton P and
                  Domeier, Mathew and Tr{\o}nnes, Reidar G},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  number = 6,
  pages = {{e2020GL092119}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{karlstrom12,
  author = {K. E. Karlstrom and D. Coblentz and K. Dueker and
                  W. Ouimet and E. Kirby and J. Van Wijk and
                  B. Schmandt and S. Kelley and G. Lazear and
                  L.J. Crossey and R. Crow and A. Aslan and A. Darling
                  and R. Aster and J. MacCarthy and S.M. Hansen and
                  J. Stachnik and D.F. Stockli and R.V. Garcia and
                  M. Hoffman and R. McKeon and J. Feldman and
                  M. Heizler and M.S. Donahue and {the CREST Working
                  Group}},
  title = {{Mantle-driven dynamic uplift of the Rocky Mountains
                  and Colorado Plateau and its surface response:
                  Toward a unified hypothesis}},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {3--22}
}
@article{karman48,
  author = {von Karm{\`{a}}n, T.},
  title = {Progress in the statistical theory of turbulence},
  journal = {J. Mar. Res.},
  year = 1948,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {252--264}
}
@article{karner98,
  author = {Karner, S. L. and Marone, C.},
  title = {Healing and Time-Dependent Weakening in Simulated
                  Fault Gouge (abstract)},
  journal = {EOS, Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {F629}
}
@article{karpychev00,
  author = {Karpychev, M. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Long-wavelength geoid: the effect of continental
                  roots and lithosphere thickness variations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {945--963}
}
@article{karpychev96,
  author = {Karpychev, M. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Simple considerations on forces driving plate motion
                  and on the plate-tectonic contribution to the
                  long-wavelength geoid},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {268--282}
}
@article{karson02,
  title = {{Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust
                  exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for
                  subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise}},
  author = {Karson, JA and Klein, EM and Hurst, SD and Lee, CE
                  and Rivizzigno, PA and Curewitz, D and Morris, AR
                  and Miller, DJ and Varga, RG and Christeson, GL and
                  Cushman, B and O'Neill, JM and Brophy, JG and
                  Gillis, MA and Steward, AL},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 3,
  number = 1002,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000155},
  year = 2002
}
@article{karson06,
  title = {{Detachment shear zone of the Atlantis Massif core
                  complex, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30$^\circ$N}},
  author = {Karson, JA and Fr{\"u}h-Green, GL and Kelley,
                  Deborah S and Williams, EA and Yoerger, Dana R and
                  Jakuba, M},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 7,
  number = {Q06016},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001109},
  year = 2006
}
@incollection{kastens90,
  author = {Kastens, K. A. and Mascle, J.},
  title = {The geological evolution of the {T}yrrhenian Sea: an
                  introduction to the scientific results of {ODP}
                  {L}eg 107},
  booktitle = {Proc. ODP, Scientific Results},
  pages = {3--26},
  publisher = {ODP Program},
  year = 1990,
  editor = {Kastens, K. A. and Mascle, J.},
  volume = 107
}
@article{kastner14,
  title = {Fluid origins, thermal regimes, and fluid and solute
                  fluxes in the forearc of subduction zones},
  author = {Kastner, Miriam and Solomon, Evan A and Harris,
                  Robert N and Torres, Marta E},
  journal = {Dev. Marine Geol.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {671--733},
  year = 2014
}
@article{kastner1998chemistry,
  title = {Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a
                  methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the {C}ascadia
                  subduction zone},
  author = {Kastner, Miriam and Kvenvolden, Keith A and
                  Lorenson, Thomas D},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 156,
  pages = {173--183},
  year = 1998
}
@article{katayama04,
  author = {Katayama, I. and Jung, H. and Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {New type of olivine fabric from deformation
                  experiments at modest water content and low stress},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {1045--1048}
}
@article{katayama09,
  author = {Katayama, I. and Hirauchi, K.-i. and Michibayahi, K.
                  and Ando, J.-i.},
  title = {Trench-parallel anisotropy produced by serpentine
                  deformation in the hydrated mantle wedge},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 461,
  pages = {1114--1117}
}
@article{kato01,
  author = {Kato, N. and Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {A composite rate-and state-dependent law for rock
                  friction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {1103--1106}
}
@article{kato12,
  title = {Propagation of Slow Slip Leading Up to the 2011 {Mw
                  9.0 Tohoku-oki} Earthquake},
  author = {A. Kato and K. Obara and T. Igarashi and H. Tsuruoka
                  and S. Nakagawa and N. Hirata},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 335,
  pages = {705--708},
  year = 2012
}
@article{kato13,
  title = {{Response of seismicity to static and dynamic stress
                  changes induced by the 2011 M9. 0 Tohoku-Oki
                  earthquake}},
  author = {Kato, Aitaro and Fukuda, Jun'ichi and Obara,
                  Kazushige},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {3572--3578},
  year = 2013
}
@article{kato16,
  title = {Accelerated nucleation of the {2014 Iquique, Chile
                  Mw 8.2 earthquake}},
  author = {Kato, A. and Fukuda, J. and Kumazawa, T. and
                  Nakagawa, S.},
  journal = {Sci. Rep.},
  volume = 6,
  number = 24792,
  year = 2016
}
@article{kato24,
  author = {Kato, Aitaro},
  title = {{Implications of fault-valve behavior from immediate
                  aftershocks following the 2023 Mj6.5 earthquake
                  beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 51,
  pages = {e2023GL106444},
  year = 2024
}
@article{katsura04,
  author = {Katsura, T. and Yamada, H. and Nishikawa, O. and
                  Song, M. and Kubo, A. and Shinmei, T. and Yokoshi,
                  S. and Aizawa, Y. and Yoshino, T. and Walter,
                  M. J. and Ito, E. and Funakoshi, K.-i.},
  title = {{Olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system
                  (Mg,Fe)2SiO4}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002438},
  number = {B02209}
}
@article{katsura22,
  author = {Katsura, T.},
  title = {A revised adiabatic temperature profile for the
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {{e2021JB023562}}
}
@article{kattenhorn14,
  title = {Evidence for subduction in the ice shell of
                  {E}uropa},
  author = {Kattenhorn, Simon A and Prockter, Louise M},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {762--767},
  year = 2014
}
@article{katz03,
  author = {Katz, R. F. and Spiegelman, M. and Langmuir, C. H.},
  title = {A new parameterization of hydrous mantle melting},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  number = 9,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC00043}
}
@book{katz22,
  author = {Katz, R. F.},
  title = {The Dynamics of Partially Molten Rock},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 2022,
  address = {Princeton}
}
@article{katzman98,
  author = {Katzman, R. L. and Zhao, L. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {High-resolution, {2D} vertical tomography of the
                  central {P}acific using {ScS} reverberations and
                  frequency-dependent travel times},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {17933-17971}
}
@article{kaufman94,
  author = {Kaufman, P. S. and Royden, L. H.},
  title = {Lower crustal flow in an extensional setting;
                  constraints from the {H}alloran {H}ills region,
                  eastern {M}ojave {D}esert, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15723--15739}
}
@article{kaufmann00,
  title = {{Reservoir-induced deformation and continental
                  rheology in vicinity of Lake Mead, Nevada}},
  author = {Kaufmann, Georg and Amelung, Falk},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {16341--16358},
  year = 2000
}
@article{kaufmann00b,
  title = {Mantle dynamics, postglacial rebound and the radial
                  viscosity profile},
  author = {Kaufmann, Georg and Lambeck, Kurt},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {301--324},
  year = 2000
}
@article{kaufmann98,
  title = {{Lateral asthenospheric viscosity variations and
                  postglacial rebound: a case study for the Barents
                  Sea}},
  author = {Kaufmann, Georg and Wu, Patrick},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1963--1966},
  year = 1998
}
@article{kaula67,
  author = {Kaula, W. M.},
  title = {Geophysical implications of satellite determinations
                  of the {E}arth's gravitational field},
  journal = {Space Sci. Rev.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {769--794}
}
@article{kaula75,
  author = {Kaula, W. M.},
  title = {Absolute plate motions by boundary velocity
                  minimization},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {244--248}
}
@article{kaula79,
  title = {{Thermal evolution of Earth and Moon growing by
                  planetesimal impacts}},
  author = {Kaula, William M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {999--1008},
  year = 1979
}
@article{kaus01,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Podladchikov, Y. Y.},
  title = {Forward and reverse modeling of the
                  three-dimensional {R}ayleigh-{T}aylor instability},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {1095--1098}
}
@article{kaus05,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Connolly, J. A. D. and
                  Podladchikov, Y. Y.},
  title = {The effect of mineral phase transitions on
                  sedimentary basin subsidence and uplift},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 223,
  pages = {213--228}
}
@article{kaus06,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Podladchikov, Y. Y.},
  title = {Initiation of localized shear in
                  visco-elasto-plastic rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003652},
  year = 2006
}
@article{kaus06b,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Schmalholz, S. M.},
  title = {{3D} Finite amplitude folding: implications for
                  stress evolution during crustal and lithospheric
                  deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  number = {L14309},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL026341}
}
@article{kaus07,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Effects of elasticity on the {Rayleigh-Taylor}
                  instability: implications for large-scale
                  geodynamics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 168,
  pages = {843--862},
  year = 2007
}
@article{kaus08,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Steedman, C. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {From passive continental margin to mountain belt:
                  insights from analytical and numerical models and
                  application to {T}aiwan},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {235--251},
  year = 2008
}
@article{kaus08b,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {A numerical study of the effects of surface bonudary
                  conditions and rheology on slab dynamics},
  journal = {Boll. di Geof.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 49,
  number = 2,
  pages = {177--182}
}
@article{kaus09,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Liu, Y. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Yuen, D. and Shi, Y. },
  title = {{Lithospheric stress-states predicted from long-term
                  tectonic models: influence of rheology and possible
                  application to Taiwan}},
  journal = {J. Asian Earth Sci.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {119--134}
}
@article{kaus10,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {Factors that control the angle of shear bands in
                  geodynamic numerical models of brittle deformation},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 484,
  pages = {36-47}
}
@inproceedings{kaus16,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Popov, A. A. and Baumann,
                  T. S. and P{\"{u}}s{\"{o}}k, A. E. and Bauville,
                  A. and Fernandez, N. and Collignon, M.},
  title = {Forward and inverse modelling of lithospheric
                  deformation on geological timescales},
  booktitle = {NIC Symposium 2016 - Proceedings},
  year = 2016,
  editor = {K. Binder and M. M{\"{u}}ller and A. Schnurpfeil},
  volume = 48,
  series = {NIC Series},
  pages = {299--307}
}
@article{kaus2004b,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P. and Podladchikov, Y. Y. and Schmid,
                  D. W.},
  title = {Eulerian spectral/finite difference method for large
                  deformation modelling of visco-elasto-plastic
                  geomaterials},
  journal = {Boll. Geof.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {346--349},
  year = 2004
}
@phdthesis{kaus2005,
  author = {Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {Modeling approaches to geodynamic processes},
  school = {Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich},
  type = {PhD-thesis},
  year = 2005
}
@article{kavianietal11,
  author = {Kaviani, Ayoub and R{\"{u}}mpker, Georg and Weber,
                  Michael and Asch, G{\"{u}}nter},
  title = {{Short-scale variations of shear-wave splitting
                  across the Dead Sea basin: Evidence for the effects
                  of sedimentary fill}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = 4,
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL046464},
  year = 2011
}
@article{kawakatsu09,
  author = {Kawakatsu, H. and Kumar, P. and Takei, Y. and
                  Shinohara, M. and Kanazawa, T. and Araki, E. and
                  Suyehiro, K.},
  title = {Seismic Evidence for Sharp Lithosphere-Asthenosphere
                  Boundaries of Oceanic Plates},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 324,
  pages = {499--502}
}
@article{kawakatsu11,
  author = {H. Kawakatsu and S. Yoshioka},
  title = {{Metastable olivine wedge and deep dry cold slab
                  beneath southwest Japan}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {1--10}
}
@article{kawakatsu16,
  author = {H. Kawakatsu},
  title = {A new fifth parameter for transverse isotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 204,
  pages = {682--685}
}
@article{kawakatsu17,
  author = {Kawakatsu, H. and Utada, H.},
  title = {Seismic and Electrical Signatures of the
                  Lithosphere–Asthenosphere System of the Normal
                  Oceanic Mantle},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {139--167}
}
@article{kawakatsu94,
  author = {H. Kawakatsu and F. Niu},
  title = {Seismic evidence for a 920-km discontinuity in the
                  mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 371,
  pages = {301--305}
}
@article{kay02,
  author = {Kay, S. M. and Mpodozis, C.},
  title = {{Magmatism as a probe to the Neogene shallowing of
                  the Nazca plate beneath the modern Chilean
                  flatslab}},
  journal = {J. South Amer. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {39--50}
}
@article{kay02b,
  author = {Kay, R. and S. M. Kay},
  title = {Andean adakites: {T}hree ways to make them},
  journal = {Acta Petrol. Sin.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {303--311}
}
@article{kay05,
  author = {S. M. Kay. and E. Godoy and A. Kurtz},
  title = {Episodic arc migration, crustal thickening,
                  subduction erosion, and magmatism in the
                  south-central {A}ndes},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 117,
  pages = {67--88}
}
@incollection{kay06,
  author = {Kay, S. M. and Burns, W. M. and Copeland, P. and
                  Mancilla, O.},
  title = {{Upper Cretaceous to Holocene magmatism and evidence
                  for transient Miocene shallowing of the Andean
                  subduction zone under the northern Neuqu{\'{e}}n
                  basin}},
  booktitle = {Evolution of an Andean Margin: A tectonic and
                  magmatic view from the Andes to the Neuqu{\'{e}}n
                  Basin (35$^\circ$-39$^\circ$S lat.)},
  pages = {19--60},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Kay, S. M. and Ramos, V. A.},
  volume = 407,
  series = {Geolog. Soc.  Amer. Spec. Pap.}
}
@incollection{kay08,
  author = {S. M. Kay and B. L. Coira and C. Mpodozis},
  title = {{Neogene to Recent evolution of the {P}una plateau
                  and the southern {C}entral {V}olcanic {Z}one}},
  booktitle = {Field trip guides to the backbone of the {A}merica
                  in the southern and central {A}ndes},
  pages = {117--181},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2008,
  editor = {Kay, S. M. and Ramos, V. A.},
  volume = 13,
  series = {Field Guide}
}
@incollection{kay09,
  author = {Kay, S. M. and Coira, B.},
  title = {{Shallowing and steepening subduction zones,
                  continental lithosphere loss, magmatism and crustal
                  flow under the Central Andean Altiplano-Puna
                  Plateau}},
  booktitle = {Backbone of the Americas: Shallow Subduction,
                  Plateau and Ridge and Terrane Collisions},
  pages = {229--260},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2009,
  editor = {Kay, S. M. and Ramos, V. A. and Dickinson, W. M.},
  volume = 204,
  series = {Geolog. Soc. Amer. Mem.}
}
@article{kay10,
  author = {S. M. Kay. and B. L. Coira and P. J. Caffe},
  title = {Regional chemical diversity, crustal and mantle
                  sources and evolution of the {Neogene Puna} plateau
                  ignimbrites of the {C}entral {A}ndes},
  journal = {J. Vol. Geotherm.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 198,
  pages = {81--111}
}
@article{kay11,
  author = {Kay, S. M. and B. L. Coira and G. W{\"{o}}rner and
                  R. Kay and B. S. Singer},
  title = {{Geochemical, isotopic and single crystal
                  $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar age constraints on the evolution
                  of the Cerro Gal{\'{a}}n ignimbrites}},
  journal = {Bull. Volc.},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1007/s00445-010-0410-7}
}
@article{kay78,
  author = {Kay, R. W.},
  title = {{Aleutian magnesian andesites: melts from subducted
                  Pacific Ocean crust}},
  journal = {J. Volc. Geothermal Res.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {117--132}
}
@article{ke21,
  title = {The earthquake arrest zone},
  author = {Ke, Chun-Yu and McLaskey, Gregory C and Kammer,
                  David S},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 224,
  pages = {581--589},
  year = 2021
}
@article{ke22,
  title = {Earthquake breakdown energy scaling despite constant
                  fracture energy},
  author = {Ke, Chun-Yu and McLaskey, Gregory C and Kammer,
                  David S},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = 1005,
  year = 2022
}
@article{keane14,
  title = {Evidence for lunar true polar wander and a past
                  low-eccentricity, synchronous lunar orbit},
  author = {Keane, James Tuttle and Matsuyama, Isamu},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {6610--6619},
  year = 2014
}
@article{keisuke92,
  author = {Keisuke, I.},
  title = {Towards a New View of Earthquake Phenomena},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {531--548},
  annote = {SOC}
}
@article{keith78,
  author = {Keith, S. B.},
  title = {Paleosubduction geometries inferred from
                  {C}retaceous and {T}ertiary magmatic patterns in
                  southwestern {N}orth {A}merica},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {516--521}
}
@article{keken97,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and King, S. and Schmeling, H. and
                  Christensen, U. and Neumeister, D. and Doin, M.-P.},
  title = {A comparison of methods for the modeling of
                  thermochemical convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {22477-22495}
}
@article{keken99,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Mixing in a {3D} spherical model of present-day
                  mantle convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {533--547}
}
@incollection{kelemen03,
  title = {Thermal structure due to solid-state flow in the
                  mantle wedge beneath arcs},
  author = {Kelemen, Peter B and Rilling, Jennifer L and
                  Parmentier, EM and Mehl, Luc and Hacker, Bradley R},
  journal = {Geophys. Mono.},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  pages = {293--311},
  year = 2003,
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{kelemen07,
  author = {Kelemen, P. B. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {A periodic shear-heating mechanism for
                  intermediate-depth earthquakes in the mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 446,
  pages = {787–790}
}
@article{kelemen15,
  title = {Reevaluating carbon fluxes in subduction zones, what
                  goes down, mostly comes up},
  author = {Kelemen, Peter B and Manning, Craig E},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 112,
  pages = {E3997--E4006},
  year = 2015
}
@article{kelemen98,
  title = {Silica enrichment in the continental upper mantle
                  via melt/rock reaction},
  author = {Kelemen, Peter B and Hart, Stanley R and Bernstein,
                  Stefan},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 164,
  pages = {387--406},
  year = 1998
}
@article{keller13,
  author = {Keller, T. and May, D. A. and Kaus, B. J. P.},
  title = {Numerical modelling of magma dynamics coupled to
                  tectonic deformation of lithosphere and crust},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 195,
  pages = {1406--1442}
}
@article{keller82,
  author = {Keller, E. A. and Bonkowski, M. S. and Korsh,
                  R. J. and Shlemon, R. J.},
  title = {Tectonic geomorphology of the {S}an {A}ndreas fault
                  zone in the southern {I}ndio {H}ills, {C}oachella
                  {V}alley, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {46--56}
}
@article{kelley05,
  title = {{A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: the Lost City
                  hydrothermal field}},
  author = {Kelley, Deborah S and Karson, Jeffrey A and
                  Fruh-Green, Gretchen L and Yoerger, Dana R and
                  Shank, Timothy M and Butterfield, David A and Hayes,
                  John M and Schrenk, Matthew O and Olson, Eric J and
                  Proskurowski, Giora and others},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 307,
  pages = {1428--1434},
  year = 2005
}
@article{kelley06,
  title = {Mantle melting as a function of water content
                  beneath back-arc basins},
  author = {Kelley, Katherine A and Plank, Terry and Grove,
                  Timothy L and Stolper, Edward M and Newman, Sally
                  and Hauri, Erik},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B9},
  year = 2006
}
@article{kellogg02,
  title = {Modeling the distribution of isotopic ratios in
                  geochemical reservoirs},
  author = {Kellogg, James B and Jacobsen, Stein B and
                  O’Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 204,
  pages = {183--202},
  year = 2002
}
@article{kellogg07,
  title = {Modeling lead isotopic heterogeneity in mid-ocean
                  ridge basalts},
  author = {Kellogg, James B and Jacobsen, Stein B and
                  O'Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 262,
  pages = {328--342},
  year = 2007
}
@article{kellogg92,
  title = {Mixing in the mantle},
  author = {Kellogg, Louise H},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = 365,
  year = 1992
}
@article{kellogg98,
  author = {Kellogg, J. B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Toroidal motion and mixing in three dimensions
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {S334}
}
@article{kellogg99,
  author = {Kellogg, L. H. and Hager, B. H. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {Compositional stratification in the deep mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1881--1884}
}
@article{kemp96,
  author = {Kemp, D. V. and Stevenson, D. J.},
  title = {A tensile, flexural model for the initiation of
                  subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {73--94}
}
@article{kendall06,
  title = {{Mantle upwellings, melt migration and the rifting
                  of Africa: Insights from seismic anisotropy}},
  author = {Kendall, J-M and Pilidou, S and Keir, D and Bastow,
                  ID and Stuart, GW and Ayele, A},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 259,
  pages = {55--72},
  year = 2006
}
@article{kendall94,
  author = {Kendall, J.-M.},
  title = {Teleseismic arrivals at a mid-ocean ridge: effects
                  of mantle melt and anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {301--304}
}
@article{kendrick02,
  author = {Kendrick, K. J. and Morton, D. M. and Wells,
                  S. G. and Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {Spatial and temporal deformation along the northern
                  {S}an {J}acinto {F}ault, {S}outhern {C}alifornia;
                  implications for slip rates},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2782--2802}
}
@incollection{kendrick94,
  author = {Kendrick, K. and McFadden, L. and Morton, D.},
  title = {Soils and slip rates along the northern {S}an
                  {J}acinto {F}ault},
  booktitle = {Geological investigations of an active margin,
                  Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section,
                  Annual Meeting, Guidebook},
  pages = {146--151},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {McGill, S. F. and Ross, T. M.},
  volume = 27,
  address = {Tulsa OK}
}
@incollection{kennan09,
  author = {Kennan, L. and J. L. Pindell},
  title = {Dextral shear, terrane accretion and basin formation
                  in the {N}orthern {A}ndes: best explained by
                  interaction with a {P}acific-derived {C}aribbean
                  {P}late},
  booktitle = {The geology and evolution of the region between
                  {N}orth and {S}outh {A}merica},
  pages = {487--533},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Lond.},
  year = 2009,
  editor = {K. James and M. A. Lorente and J. Pindell},
  volume = 328,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Long. Spec. Pub.}
}
@article{kennett08,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N. and Furumura, T.},
  title = {{Stochastic waveguide in the lithosphere: Indonesian
                  subduction zone to Australian craton}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {363--382}
}
@book{kennett08b,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N. and Bunge, H.-P.},
  title = {Geophysical Continua},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2008
}
@article{kennett10,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N. and Furumura, T.},
  title = {{Tears or thinning? Subduction structures in the
                  Pacific plate beneath the Japanese Islands}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {52--58}
}
@article{kennett13,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. and and Furumura, T.},
  title = {{High-frequency Po/So guided waves in the oceanic
                  lithosphere: I-long-distance propagation}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 195,
  pages = {1862--1877}
}
@article{kennett15,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {{Lithosphere-asthenosphere P-wave reflectivity
                  across Australia}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 431,
  pages = {225--235}
}
@article{kennett95,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N. and Engdahl, E. R. and Buland, R.},
  title = {Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from
                  travel times},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {108--124}
}
@article{kennett98,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N. and Widiyantoro, S. and {van der
                  Hilst}, R. D.},
  title = {Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear
                  wave speed in the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {12469--12493}
}
@book{kennettbook,
  author = {Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address = {New York},
  year = 1983
}
@article{kent94,
  title = {{Uniform accretion of oceanic crust south of the
                  Garrett transform at 14\deg 15'S on the East Pacific
                  Rise}},
  author = {Kent, Graham M and Harding, Alistair J and Orcutt,
                  John A and Detrick, Robert S and Mutter, John C and
                  Buhl, Peter},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {9097--9116},
  year = 1994
}
@article{keskin03,
  author = {Keskin, M.},
  title = {{Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff
                  beneath a subduction-accretion complex: an
                  alternative model for collision-related volcanism in
                  eastern Anatolia, Turkey}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = 8046,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018019}
}
@article{kesson98,
  author = {Kesson, S. E. and {Fitz Gerald}, J. D. and Shelley,
                  J. M.},
  title = {Mineralogy and dynamics of a pyrolite lower mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 393,
  pages = {252--254}
}
@article{key12,
  title = {{Electromagnetic detection of plate hydration due to
                  bending faults at the Middle America Trench}},
  author = {Key, Kerry and Constable, Steven and Matsuno, Tetsuo
                  and Evans, Rob L and Myer, David},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 351,
  pages = {45--53},
  year = 2012
}
@article{khan11,
  author = {Khan, A. and Boschi, L. and Connolly, J. A. D.},
  title = {Mapping the {E}arth's thermochemical and anisotropic
                  structure using global surface wave data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  number = {B01301},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007828}
}
@article{khan21,
  title = {{Upper mantle structure of Mars from InSight seismic
                  data}},
  author = {Khan, Amir and Ceylan, Savas and van Driel, Martin
                  and Giardini, Domenico and Lognonn{\'e}, Philippe
                  and Samuel, Henri and Schmerr, Nicholas C and
                  St{\"a}hler, Simon C and Duran, Andrea C and Huang,
                  Quancheng and others},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 373,
  pages = {434--438},
  year = 2021
}
@article{khattri,
  author = {Khattri, K.},
  title = {Earthquake Focal Mechanism Studies -- A Review},
  journal = {Earth. Sci. Rev.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {19--63}
}
@article{kido94,
  author = {Kido, M. and Seno, T.},
  title = {Dynamic topography compared with residual depth
                  anomalies in oceans and implications for age-depth
                  curves},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {717--720},
  annotate = {seafloor topography dynamical effects}
}
@article{kilb06,
  author = {Kilb, D. and Hardebeck, J. L.},
  title = {Fault Parameter Constraints Using Relocated
                  Earthquakes: A Validation of First Motion Focal
                  Mechanism Data},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {1140--1158},
  year = 2006
}
@article{kilgore93,
  title = {Velocity dependent friction of granite over a wide
                  range of conditions},
  author = {Kilgore, Brian D and Blanpied, Michael L and
                  Dieterich, James H},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {903--906},
  year = 1993
}
@article{kim10,
  author = {Kim, Y. and Clayton, R. W. and Jackson, J. M.},
  title = {{Geometry and seismic properties of the subducting
                  Cocos plate in central Mexico}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B06310},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006942}
}
@article{kim11,
  author = {Kim, S.-S. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {New global seamount census from the
                  altimetry-derived gravity data},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 186,
  pages = {615--631}
}
@article{kimura05,
  author = {Kimura, J.-I. and Stern, R. J. and Yoshida, T.},
  title = {{Re-initiation of subduction and magmatic responses
                  in SW Japan during Neogene time}},
  journal = {Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 117,
  pages = {969--986}
}
@article{kimura10,
  author = {H. Kimura and T. Takeda and K. Obara and
                  K. Kasahara},
  title = {{Seismic evidence for active underplating below the
                  megathrust earthquake zone in Japan}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 329,
  pages = {210--212}
}
@article{kincaid03,
  author = {Kincaid, C. and Griffiths, R. W.},
  title = {Laboratory models of the thermal evolution of the
                  mantle during rollback subduction},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 425,
  pages = {58--62}
}
@article{kincaid04,
  author = {Kincaid, C. and Griffiths, R. W.},
  title = {Variability in flow and temperatures within mantle
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 5,
  number = {Q06002},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GC000666}
}
@article{kincaid13,
  title = {Bifurcation of the Yellowstone plume driven by
                  subduction-induced mantle flow},
  author = {Kincaid, Christopher and Druken, KA and Griffiths,
                  RW and Stegman, DR},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {395--399},
  year = 2013
}
@article{kincaid87,
  author = {Kincaid, C. and Olson, P.},
  title = {An experimental study of subduction and slab
                  migration},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {13832--13840}
}
@article{kincaid97,
  author = {Kincaid, Chris and Sacks, I. Selwyn},
  title = {Thermal and dynamical evolution of the upper mantle
                  in subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {12295--12315},
  year = 1997
}
@article{kind12,
  title = {Seismic receiver functions and the
                  lithosphere--asthenosphere boundary},
  author = {Kind, Rainer and Yuan, Xiaohui and Kumar, Prakash},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 536,
  pages = {25--43},
  year = 2012
}
@article{king01,
  author = {King, S. D.},
  title = {Subduction: Observations and Geodynamic Models},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {9--24}
}
@article{king01b,
  author = {King, G. C. P. and Cocco, M.},
  title = {Fault interaction by elastic stress changes: new
                  clues from earthquake sequences},
  journal = {Adv. in Geophys.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {1--38}
}
@incollection{king07,
  author = {King, S. D.},
  title = {Mantle downwellings and the fate of subducting
                  slabs: constraints from seismology, geoid,
                  topography, geochemistry, and pretrology},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.}
}
@article{king07_gps,
  author = {King, N. E. and Argus, D. and Langbein, J. and
                  Agnew, D. C. and Bawden, G. and Dollar, R. S. and
                  Liu, Z. and Galloway, D. and Reichard, E. and Yong,
                  A. and Webb, F. H. and Bock, Y. and Stark, K. and
                  Barseghian, D.},
  title = {{Space geodetic observation of expansion of the San
                  Gabriel Valley, California, aquifer system, during
                  heavy rainfall in winter 2004–2005}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 112,
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004448},
  year = 2007,
  number = {B03409}
}
@article{king10,
  author = {King, M. A. and Watson, C. S.},
  title = {Long {GPS} coordinate time series: multipath and
                  geometry effects},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B04403},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006543}
}
@article{king10b,
  title = {{A community benchmark for 2-D Cartesian
                  compressible convection in the Earth's mantle}},
  author = {King, Scott D and Lee, Changyeol and Van Keken,
                  Peter E and Leng, Wei and Zhong, Shijie and Tan, Eh
                  and Tosi, Nicola and Kameyama, Masanori C},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 180,
  pages = {73--87},
  year = 2010
}
@article{king14,
  author = {King, S. D. and Adam, C.},
  title = {Hotspot swells revisited},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 235,
  pages = {66--83}
}
@article{king15,
  author = {King, S. D. and Front, D. J. and Rubie, D. C.},
  title = {Why cold slabs stagnate in the transition zone},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {231--234}
}
@article{king16,
  author = {King, S. D.},
  title = {Reconciling laboratory and observational models of
                  mantle rheology in geodynamic modeling},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {33--50}
}
@misc{king20,
  author = {King, S. D. and Raefsky, A. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {{ConMan v3.0.0 [software]}},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3633152},
  year = 2020
}
@article{king83,
  author = {King, G. C. P.},
  title = {The Accomodation of Large Strains in the Upper
                  Lithosphere of the Earth and Other Solids by
                  Self-similar Fault Systems: the Geometric Origin of
                  $b$-Value},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {761--815}
}
@article{king88,
  author = {King, G. C. P. and Stein, R. S. and Rundle, J. B.},
  title = {{The growth of geological structures by repeated
                  earthquakes 1. Conceptual framework}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 93,
  pages = {13307--13318},
  year = 1988
}
@article{king90,
  author = {King, S. D. and Raefsky, D. A. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Con{M}an: vectorizing a finite element code for
                  incompressible two-dimensional convection in the
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {195--207}
}
@article{king90b,
  author = {King, S. D. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {The relationship between plate velocity and trench
                  viscosity in {N}ewtonian and power-law subduction
                  calculations},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {2409--2412}
}
@article{king92,
  author = {King, S. D. and Gable, C. W. and Weinstein, S. A.},
  title = {Models of convection-driven tectonic plates: a
                  comparison of methods and results},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 109,
  pages = {481--487}
}
@article{king92b,
  author = {King, S. D. and Masters, G.},
  title = {An inversion for radial viscosity structure using
                  seismic tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1551--1554}
}
@article{king94,
  author = {King, G. C. P. and Stein, R. C. and Lin, J.},
  title = {Static Stress Change and the Triggering of
                  Earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {935--953}
}
@article{king95,
  author = {King, S. D. and Ita, J.},
  title = {Effect of slab rheology on mass transport across a
                  phase transition boundary},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {20211--2022}
}
@article{king95b,
  author = {King, S. D.},
  title = {Radial models of mantle viscosity: {Results} from a
                  genetic algorithm},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {725--734}
}
@article{kingn83,
  author = {King, N. E. and Savage, J. C.},
  title = {Strain-rate profile across the {E}lsinore, {S}an
                  {J}acinto, and {S}an {A}ndreas faults near {P}alm
                  {S}prings, {C}alifornia, 1973--81},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {55--57}
}
@article{kingsd94,
  author = {King, S. D. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Subducted slabs and the geoid 1. {N}umerical
                  experiments with temperature-dependent viscosity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {19843--19852}
}
@article{kinzler92,
  author = {Kinzler, R. J. and Grove, T. L.},
  title = {{Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Part 2:
                  Applications}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {6907--6926}
}
@article{kiraly15,
  author = {Kir{\'{a}}ly, A. and Faccenna, C. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Sembroni, A.},
  title = {Coupling surface and mantle dynamics: {A} novel
                  experimental approach},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 42,
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL063867},
  pages = {3863--3869},
  year = 2015
}
@article{kiraly16,
  author = {Kir{\'{a}}ly, {\'{A}}. and Capitanio, F. A. and
                  Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Subduction zone interaction: {C}ontrols on arcuate
                  belts},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {715--718}
}
@article{kiraly17,
  title = {Subduction induced mantle flow: {L}ength-scales and
                  orientation of the toroidal cell},
  author = {Kir{\'a}ly, {\'A}gnes and Capitanio, Fabio A and
                  Funiciello, Francesca and Faccenna, Claudio},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 479,
  pages = {284--297},
  year = 2017
}
@article{kiraly20,
  author = {Kir{\'{a}}ly, A. and Conrad, C. P. and Hansen,
                  L. N.},
  title = {Evolving Viscous Anisotropy in the Upper Mantle and
                  Its Geodynamic Implications},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 21,
  number = {e2020GC009159}
}
@article{kiratzi95,
  author = {Kiratzi, A. A. and Papazachos, C. B.},
  title = {Active crustal deformation from the {A}zores triple
                  junction to the {M}iddle {E}ast},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {1--24},
  annote = {North anatolian, fault, crust}
}
@article{kirby06,
  author = {Kirby, E. and Burbank, D. W. and Reheis, M. and
                  Phillips, F.},
  title = {{Temporal variations in slip rate of the White
                  Mountain Fault Zone, Eastern California}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 248,
  pages = {168--185}
}
@article{kirby87,
  author = {Kirby, S. H. and Kronenberg, A. K.},
  title = {Rheology of the lithosphere: {S}elected topics},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1219--1244}
}
@article{kirby96,
  author = {Kirby , S. H. and Stein, S. and Okal, E. A. and
                  Rubie, D. C.},
  title = {Metastable mantle phase transformations and deep
                  earthquakes in subducting oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {261--306}
}
@article{kirkpatrick20,
  title = {Subduction megathrust heterogeneity characterized
                  from {3D} seismic data},
  author = {Kirkpatrick, James D and Edwards, Joel H and
                  Verdecchia, Alessandro and Kluesner, Jared W and
                  Harrington, Rebecca M and Silver, Eli A},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {369--374},
  year = 2020
}
@book{kirsch28,
  author = {Kirsch, G.},
  title = {Geologie und Radioaktivit{\"{a}}t},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 1928,
  address = {Wien}
}
@incollection{kirschvink92,
  author = {Kirschvink, Joseph L.},
  title = {{Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation:
                  the Snowball Earth}},
  booktitle = {The Proterozoic biosphere : a multidisciplinary
                  study},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1992,
  pages = {51--52}
}
@article{kirschvink97,
  title = {Evidence for a large-scale reorganization of Early
                  Cambrian continental masses by inertial interchange
                  true polar wander},
  author = {Kirschvink, Joseph L and Ripperdan, Robert L and
                  Evans, David A},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 277,
  pages = {541--545},
  year = 1997
}
@article{kiser11,
  author = {Kiser, E. and Ishii, M. and Langmuir, C. H. and
                  Shearer, P. M.  and Hirose, H.},
  title = {Insights into the mechanism of intermediate depth
                  earthquakes from source properties as imaged by back
                  projection of multiple seismic phases},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  number = {B06310},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007831}
}
@article{kissling94,
  author = {Kissling, E. and Ellsworth, W. L. and
                  Eberhart-Phillips, D. and Kradofler, U.},
  title = {Initial reference models in local earthquake
                  tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {19635--19646}
}
@article{kisslinger93,
  author = {Kisslinger, C.},
  title = {The stretched exponential function as an alternative
                  model for aftershock decay rate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {1913--1921}
}
@article{kisslinger96,
  author = {Kisslinger, C.},
  title = {Aftershocks and Fault Zone Properties},
  journal = {Adv. in Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {1--36},
  annote = {aftershocks}
}
@article{kitajima12,
  author = {Kitajima, Hiroko and Saffer, Demian M.},
  title = {{Elevated pore pressure and anomalously low stress
                  in regions of low frequency earthquakes along the
                  Nankai Trough subduction megathrust}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  number = 23,
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL053793},
  year = 2012
}
@article{klaver24,
  title = {Widespread slab melting in modern subduction zones},
  author = {Klaver, Martijn and Yogodzinski, Gene and Albert,
                  Capucine and Camejo-Harry, Michal and Elburg,
                  Marlina and Hoernle, Kaj and Macpherson, Colin and
                  Nowell, Geoff and Rushmer, Tracy and Williams, Helen
                  and Millet, M.-A.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 626,
  pages = 118544,
  year = 2024
}
@article{klein02,
  author = {Klein, F. W.},
  title = {User's guide to {HYPOINVERSE}-2000, a {FORTRAN}
                  program to solve for earthquake locations and
                  magnitudes},
  journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report},
  year = 2002,
  volume = {02--171},
  pages = {1--123}
}
@article{klein16,
  author = {Klein, E. and Fleitout, L. and Vigny, C. and Garaud,
                  J. D.},
  title = {{Afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation model
                  inferred from the large-scale post-seismic
                  deformation following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule
                  earthquake (Chile)}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 205,
  pages = {1455--1472}
}
@article{klein19,
  title = {Transient deformation in {C}alifornia from two
                  decades of {GPS} displacements: {I}mplications for a
                  three-dimensional kinematic reference frame},
  author = {Klein, Emilie and Bock, Yehuda and Xu, Xiaohua and
                  Sandwell, David T and Golriz, Dorian and Fang, Peng
                  and Su, Lina},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {12189--12223},
  year = 2019
}
@article{klein87,
  title = {Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry
                  with axial depth and crustal thickness},
  author = {Klein, Emily M and Langmuir, Charles H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {8089--8115},
  year = 1987
}
@article{klein88,
  title = {{Isotope evidence of a mantle convection boundary at
                  the Australian-Antarctic Discordance}},
  author = {Klein, EM and Langmuir, CH and Zindler, A and
                  Staudigel, H and Hamelin, B},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 333,
  pages = {623--629},
  year = 1988
}
@article{klein89,
  author = {Klein, F. W.},
  title = {User's guide to {HYPOINVERSE}, a program for {VAX}
                  computers to solve for earthquake locations and
                  magnitudes},
  journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report},
  year = 1989,
  volume = {89-314},
  pages = {61 pp.}
}
@article{klemens60,
  title = {Thermal resistance due to point defects at high
                  temperatures},
  author = {Klemens, PG},
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {507--509},
  year = 1960
}
@article{klemperer11,
  author = {Klemperer, S.},
  journal = {{International Federation of Digital Seismograph
                  Networks}},
  title = {{Passive seismic study of a magma-dominated rift:
                  the Salton Trough}},
  year = {{2011}},
  doi = {10.7914/SN/XD_2011}
}
@article{kley02,
  title = {{Tectonic inversion in the Santa Barbara System of
                  the central Andean foreland thrust belt,
                  northwestern Argentina}},
  author = {Kley, Jonas and Monaldi, C{\'e}sar R},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {11--1},
  year = 2002
}
@article{kley99,
  author = {Kley, J.},
  title = {Geologic and geometric constraints on a kinematic
                  model of the {B}olivian orocline},
  journal = {J. South Amer. Earth Sci.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {221--235}
}
@article{klingelhoefer10,
  author = {F. Klingelhoefer and M.-A. Gutscher and S. Ladage
                  and J.-X. Dessa and D. Graindorge and D. Franke and
                  C. Andr{\'{e}} and H. Permana and T. Yudistira and
                  A. Chauhan},
  title = {{Limits of the seismogenic zone in the epicentral
                  region of the 26 December 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman
                  earthquake: {R}esults from seismic refraction and
                  wide-angle reflection surveys and thermal modeling}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B01304},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006569}
}
@article{klinger05,
  title = {{High-resolution satellite imagery mapping of the
                  surface rupture and slip distribution of the Mw~7.8,
                  14 November 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, Kunlun fault,
                  northern Tibet, China}},
  author = {Klinger, Yann and Xu, Xiwei and Tapponnier, Paul and
                  Van der Woerd, J{\'e}rome and Lasserre, Cecile and
                  King, Geoffrey},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {1970--1987},
  year = 2005
}
@article{klinger15,
  title = {{5000 yr of paleoseismicity along the southern Dead
                  Sea fault}},
  author = {Klinger, Y and Le B{\'e}on, M and Al-Qaryouti, M},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 202,
  pages = {313--327},
  year = 2015
}
@article{klosko01,
  author = {Klosko, E. R. and Russo, R. M. and Okal, E. A. and
                  Richardson, W. P.},
  title = {Evidence for a rheologically strong chemical mantle
                  root beneath the {O}ntong-{J}ava {P}lateau},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 186,
  pages = {347--361}
}
@article{klotz01,
  author = {Klotz, J. and Khazaradze, G. and Angermann, D. and
                  Reigber, C. and Perdomo, R. and Cifuentes, O.},
  title = {Earthquake cycle dominates contemporary crustal
                  deformation in {C}entral and {S}outhern {A}ndes},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 193,
  pages = {437--446}
}
@article{kneller05,
  author = {Kneller, E. A. and van Keken, P. E. and Karato,
                  S.-i. and Park, J.},
  title = {B-type olivine fabric in the mantle wedge: insights
                  from high-resolution non-Newtonian subduction zone
                  models},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 237,
  pages = {781--797}
}
@article{kneller07,
  author = {Kneller, E. A. and van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {{Trench-parallel flow and seismic anisotropy in the
                  Marianas and Andean subduction systems}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 450,
  pages = {1222--1225}
}
@article{kneller08,
  author = {Kneller, E. A. and van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {The effect of three-dimensional slab geometry on
                  deformation in the mantle wedge: Implications for
                  shear wave anisotropy},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q01003},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001677}
}
@article{knoll09,
  author = {Knoll, M. and Tommasi, A. and Log{\'{e}}, R. and
                  Signorelli, J.},
  title = {A multiscale approach to model the anisotropic
                  deformation of lithospheric plates},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q08009},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002423}
}
@article{knop70,
  author = {Knop, R. E.},
  title = {Random vectors uniform in solid angle},
  journal = {Comm. ACM},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 13,
  pages = 326
}
@article{knopoff58,
  author = {Knopoff, L.},
  title = {Energy release in earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J.},
  year = 1958,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {44--52}
}
@article{knopoff59,
  author = {Knopoff, L. and Gilbert, J. F.},
  title = {Radiation from a strike-slip earthquake},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1959,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {163--178}
}
@article{knopoff70,
  title = {The compensated linear-vector dipole: {A} possible
                  mechanism for deep earthquakes},
  author = {Knopoff, Leon and Randall, Michael John},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 75,
  pages = {4957--4963},
  year = 1970
}
@article{knopoff72,
  author = {Knopoff, L. and Mitchel, R. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {A stochastic analysis of a model earthquake
                  sequence},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {255-261}
}
@article{knopoff96,
  author = {Knopoff, L. and T. Levshina and V. I. Keilis-Borok
                  and C. Mattoni},
  title = {Increased long-range intermediate-magnitude
                  earthquake activity prior to strong earthquakes in
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {5779--5796}
}
@article{knott87,
  author = {Knott, S. D.},
  title = {The {L}iguride {C}omplex of southern {I}taly -- {A}
                  {C}retaceous to {P}aleogene accretionary wedge},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {217--226}
}
@article{ko15,
  author = {Ko, B. and Jung, H. },
  title = {Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole
                  experimentally deformed by simple shear},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 6,
  number = 6586,
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms7586}
}
@article{kodaira04,
  author = {Kodaira, S. and Iidaka, T. and Kato, A. and Park,
                  J.-O. and Iwasaki, T. and Kaneda, Y.},
  title = {High Pore Fluid Pressure May Cause Silent Slip in
                  the {N}ankai Trough},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 304,
  pages = {1295--1298}
}
@article{kodaira06,
  author = {Kodaira, Shuichi and Hori, Takane and Ito, Aki and
                  Miura, Seiichi and Fujie, Gou and Park, Jin-Oh and
                  Baba, Toshitaka and Sakaguchi, Hide and Kaneda,
                  Yoshiyuki},
  title = {A cause of rupture segmentation and synchronization
                  in the {Nankai} trough revealed by seismic imaging
                  and numerical simulation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B09301},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004030},
  year = 2006
}
@article{kodaira14,
  title = {Seismological evidence of mantle flow driving plate
                  motions at a palaeo-spreading centre},
  author = {Kodaira, Shuichi and Fujie, Gou and Yamashita,
                  Mikiya and Sato, Takeshi and Takahashi, Tsutomu and
                  Takahashi, Narumi},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {371--375},
  year = 2014
}
@article{kodaira20,
  title = {{Large coseismic slip to the trench during the 2011
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Kodaira, Shuichi and Fujiwara, Toshiya and Fujie,
                  Gou and Nakamura, Yasuyuki and Kanamatsu, Toshiya},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {321--343},
  year = 2020
}
@article{kohler99,
  author = {Kohler, M. D.},
  title = {Lithospheric deformation beneath the {S}an {G}abriel
                  mountains in the southern {C}alifornia {T}ransverse
                  ranges},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15025--15041}
}
@incollection{kohlstedt07,
  author = {Kohlstedt, D. L.},
  title = {Constitutive Equations, Rheological Behavior, and
                  Viscosity of Rocks},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  editor = {Price, G. D.}
}
@article{kohlstedt95,
  author = {Kohlstedt, D. L. and Evans, B. and Mackwell, S. J.},
  title = {Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by
                  laboratory experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {17587--17602}
}
@article{kohlstedt96,
  title = {{Solubility of water in the $\alpha$, $\beta$ and
                  $\gamma$ phases of (Mg, Fe)$_2$SiO$_4$}},
  author = {Kohlstedt, DL and Keppler, H and Rubie, DC},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {345--357},
  year = 1996
}
@article{kohlstedt96b,
  author = {Kohlstedt, D. L. and Zimmerman, M. E.},
  title = {Rheology of partially molten rocks},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {41--62}
}
@article{kohn18,
  title = {Shear heating reconciles thermal models with the
                  metamorphic rock record of subduction},
  author = {Kohn, Matthew J and Castro, Adrian E and Kerswell,
                  Buchanan C and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Spear, Frank
                  S},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 115,
  pages = {11706--11711},
  year = 2018
}
@article{komatitsch03,
  author = {Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {{Introduction to the spectral-element method for 3-D
                  seismic wave propagation}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 139,
  pages = {806--822}
}
@article{komatitsch10,
  author = {D. Komatitsch and L. P. Vinnik and S. Chevrot},
  title = {{SHdiff/SVdiff splitting in an isotropic Earth}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B08312},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006795}
}
@article{komatitsch98,
  author = {D. Komatitsch and J. P. Vilotte},
  title = {{The spectral-element method: an efficient tool to
                  simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D
                  geological structures}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {368--392}
}
@article{komiya99,
  title = {{Plate tectonics at 3.8--3.7 Ga: Field evidence from
                  the Isua accretionary complex, southern West
                  Greenland}},
  author = {Komiya, Tsuyoshi and Maruyama, Shigenori and Masuda,
                  Toshiaki and Nohda, Susumu and Hayashi, Mamoru and
                  Okamoto, Kazuaki},
  journal = {J. Geology},
  volume = 107,
  pages = {515--554},
  year = 1999
}
@article{kong95,
  author = {Kong, X. and Bird, P.},
  title = {{SHELLS}: A thin-shell program for modeling
                  neotectonics of regional or global extent},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {22129--22131}
}
@article{kono02,
  title = {Recent geodynamo simulations and observations of the
                  geomagnetic field},
  author = {Kono, Masaru and Roberts, Paul H},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {4--1},
  year = 2002
}
@article{konstantinou03,
  title = {Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of
                  volcanic tremor: a review},
  author = {Konstantinou, Konstantinos I and Schlindwein, Vera},
  journal = {J. Volc. Geothermal Res.},
  volume = 119,
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {161--187},
  year = 2003
}
@article{konter12,
  author = {Konter, J. G. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Shallow lithospheric contribution to mantle plumes
                  revealed by integrating seismic and geochemical
                  data},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q02004},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC00392}
}
@article{koper98,
  author = {Koper, K. D. and Wiens, D. A. and Dorman, L. M. and
                  Hildebrand, J. A. and Webb, S. C.},
  title = {Modeling the {T}onga slab: {C}an travel time data
                  resolve a metastable olivine wedge?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {30079--30100}
}
@article{kopp13,
  title = {{T}he control of subduction zone structural
                  complexity and geometry on margin segmentation and
                  seismicity},
  author = {Kopp, Heidrun},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 589,
  pages = {1--16},
  year = 2013
}
@article{koppers21,
  title = {Mantle plumes and their role in Earth processes},
  author = {Koppers, Anthony AP and Becker, Thorsten W and
                  Jackson, Matthew G and Konrad, Kevin and M{\"u}ller,
                  R Dietmar and Romanowicz, Barbara and Steinberger,
                  Bernhard and Whittaker, Joanne M},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Earth \& Environ.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {382--401},
  year = 2021
}
@article{koptev18,
  title = {{Plume-induced continental rifting and break-up in
                  ultra-slow extension context: Insights from 3D
                  numerical modeling}},
  author = {Koptev, Alexander and Burov, Evgueni B. and Gerya,
                  Taras and Le Pourhiet, Laetitia and Leroy, Sylvie
                  and Calais, Eric and Jolivet, Laurent},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {121--137},
  year = 2018
}
@article{koptev19,
  title = {Plume-induced breakup of a subducting plate:
                  {M}icrocontinent formation without cessation of the
                  subduction process},
  author = {Koptev, Alexander and Beniest, Anouk and Gerya,
                  Taras and Ehlers, Todd A and Jolivet, Laurent and
                  Leroy, Sylvie},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {3663--3675},
  year = 2019
}
@article{koptev21,
  title = {Longevity of small-scale (``baby'') plumes and their
                  role in lithospheric break-up},
  author = {Koptev, Alexander and Cloetingh, Sierd and Ehlers,
                  Todd A},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 227,
  pages = {439--471},
  year = 2021
}
@article{korenaga03,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Energetics of mantle convection and the fate of
                  fossile heat},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL016}
}
@article{korenaga03b,
  author = {Korenaga, J. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Physics of multiscale convection in {E}arth's
                  mantle: {O}nset of sublithospheric convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2333,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001760}
}
@incollection{korenaga06,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {{A}rchean geodynamics and the thermal evolution of
                  the {E}arth},
  booktitle = {Archean Geodynamics and Environments},
  pages = {7--31},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Benn, K. and Marechal, J.-C. and Condie, K.},
  volume = 164,
  series = {AGU Geoophys. Mono.}
}
@article{korenaga07,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Eustasy, supercontinental insulation, and the
                  temporal variability of terrestrial heat flux},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 257,
  pages = {350--358}
}
@article{korenaga08,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Urey ratio and the structure and evolution of
                  {Earth}'s mantle},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 46,
  doi = {10.1029/2007RG000241}
}
@article{korenaga08b,
  author = {Korenaga, T. and Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Subsidence of normal oceanic lithosphere, apparent
                  thermal expansivity, and seafloor flattening},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 268,
  pages = {41--51}
}
@article{korenaga09,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Scaling of stagnant-lid convection with {A}rrhenius
                  rheology and the effects of mantle melting},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {154--170}
}
@article{korenaga10,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Scaling of plate tectonic convection with
                  pseudoplastic rheology},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B11405},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007670}
}
@article{korenaga13,
  title = {{Initiation and evolution of plate tectonics on
                  Earth: theories and observations}},
  author = {Korenaga, Jun},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {117--151},
  year = 2013
}
@article{korenaga16,
  author = {Korenaga, T. and Korenaga, J. },
  title = {Evolution of young oceanic lithosphere and the
                  meaning of seafloor subsidence rate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {6315--6332}
}
@article{korenaga17,
  author = {Korenaga, J.},
  title = {Pitfalls in modeling mantle convection with internal
                  heat production},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013850},
  pages = {4064--4085}
}
@article{korenaga17b,
  author = {Korenaga, J. and Planavsky, N. J. and Evans,
                  D. A. D.},
  title = {Global water cycle and the coevolution of the
                  {E}arth’s interior and surface environment},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {10.1098/rsta.2015.0393}
}
@article{korenaga18,
  title = {Crustal evolution and mantle dynamics through Earth
                  history},
  author = {Korenaga, Jun},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 376,
  pages = 20170408,
  year = 2018
}
@article{korenaga21,
  author = {Korenaga, T. and Korenaga, J. and Kawakatsu, H. and
                  Yamano, M.},
  title = {A new reference model for the evolution of oceanic
                  lithosphere in a cooling {Earth}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2020JB021528}}
}
@article{kosarev84,
  title = {{Anisotropy of the mantle inferred from observations
                  of P to S converted waves}},
  author = {Kosarev, G. L. and Makeyeva, L. I. and Vinnik,
                  L. P.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  volume = 76,
  pages = {209--220},
  year = 1984
}
@article{kosarev99,
  author = {Kosarev, G. and Kind, R. and Sobolev, S. V. and
                  Yuan, X. and Hanka, W. and Oreshin, S.},
  title = {Seismic evidence for a detached {I}ndian
                  lithospheric mantle beneath {T}ibet},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1306--1309}
}
@misc{kosen23,
  author = {K{\"{o}}sen, Muhammed},
  title = {Ariel footage captured in Kahramanmara{\c{s}},
                  Turkey, on February 8, 2023},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{https://www.facebook.com/muhammedkosen},
                  accessed 02/2023},
  year = 2023
}
@article{kostrov74,
  author = {Kostrov, B. V.},
  title = {Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes and seismic
                  flow of rock},
  journal = {Phys. Solid Earth},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {23--40}
}
@book{kostrovdas88,
  author = {Kostrov, B. V. and Das, S.},
  title = {Principles of Earthquake Source Mechanics},
  publisher = {University Press},
  year = 1988,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{koulali11,
  author = {A. Koulali and D. Ouazara and A. Tahayt and
                  R. W. King and P. Vernant and R.E. Reilinger and
                  S. McClusky and T. Mourabit and J. M. Davila and
                  N. Amraouih},
  title = {{New GPS constraints on active deformation along the
                  Africa–Iberia plate boundary}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 308,
  pages = {211--217}
}
@article{koulali17,
  author = {A. Koulali and S. McClusky and L. Wallace and
                  S. Allgeyer and P. Tregoning and E. D'Anastasio and
                  R. Benavente},
  title = {{Slow slip events and the 2016 Te Araroa Mw 7.1
                  earthquake interaction: Northern Hikurangi
                  subduction, New Zealand}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  doi = {10.1002/2017GL074776}
}
@article{kovachki23,
  title = {{Neural operator: Learning maps between function
                  spaces}},
  author = {Kovachki, Nikola and Li, Zongyi and Liu, Burigede
                  and Azizzadenesheli, Kamyar and Bhattacharya,
                  Kaushik and Stuart, Andrew and Anandkumar, Anima},
  journal = {J. Mach. Learn. Res.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1--97},
  year = 2023
}
@article{kozdon13a,
  title = {Simulation of dynamic earthquake ruptures in complex
                  geometries using high-order finite difference
                  methods},
  author = {Kozdon, Jeremy E and Dunham, Eric M and
                  Nordstr{\"o}m, Jan},
  journal = {J. Sci. Comp.},
  volume = 55,
  pages = {92--124},
  year = 2013
}
@article{kozdon13b,
  title = {Rupture to the trench: {D}ynamic rupture simulations
                  of the 11 {M}arch 2011 {T}ohoku earthquake},
  author = {Kozdon, Jeremy E and Dunham, Eric M},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {1275--1289},
  year = 2013
}
@article{kozdon14,
  author = {Kozdon, J. E. and Dunham, E. M.},
  title = {Constraining shallow slip and tsunami excitation in
                  megathrust ruptures using seismic and ocean acoustic
                  waves recorded on ocean-bottom sensor networks},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 396,
  pages = {56--65}
}
@article{kreemer00a,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and J. Haines and W. E. Holt and
                  G. Blewitt and D. Lavall{\'{e}}e},
  title = {On the determination of a global strain rate model},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 52,
  pages = {765--770}
}
@article{kreemer00b,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and W. E. Holt and S. Goes and
                  R. Govers},
  title = {Active deformation in eastern {Indonesia} and the
                  {Philippines} from {GPS} and seismicity data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {663--680}
}
@article{kreemer03,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and Holt, W. E. and Haines, A. J.},
  title = {An integrated global model of present-day plate
                  motions and plate boundary deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {5-34}
}
@article{kreemer04,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and Chamot-Rooke, N. and Le Pichon, X.},
  title = {{Constraints on the evolution and vertical coherency
                  of deformation in the Northern Aegean from a
                  comparison of geodetic, geologic and seismologic
                  data}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 225,
  pages = {329--346}
}
@article{kreemer04b,
  title = {{Contemporary kinematics of the southern Aegean and
                  the Mediterranean Ridge}},
  author = {Kreemer, Corn{\'e} and Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1377--1392},
  year = 2004
}
@article{kreemer07,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and Hammond, W. C.},
  title = {Geodetic constraints on areal changes in the
                  {Pacific-North America} plate boundary zone: What
                  controls {Basin and Range} extension?},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {943--947}
}
@article{kreemer09,
  author = {Kreemer, C.},
  title = {Absolute plate motions constrained by shear wave
                  splitting orientations with implications for hot
                  spot motions and mantle flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B10405},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006416}
}
@article{kreemer14,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and Blewitt, G. and Klein, E. C.},
  title = {{A geodetic plate motion and Global Strain Rate
                  Model}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005407}
}
@article{kreemer22,
  author = {Kreemer, C. and Yound, Z. M.},
  title = {{Crustal strain rates in the western United States
                  and their relationship with earthquake rates}},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {2990--3008}
}
@inproceedings{krenz21,
  title = {{3D acoustic-elastic coupling with gravity: the
                  dynamics of the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi earthquake and
                  tsunami}},
  author = {Krenz, Lukas and Uphoff, Carsten and Ulrich, Thomas
                  and Gabriel, Alice-Agnes and Abrahams, Lauren S and
                  Dunham, Eric M and Bader, Michael},
  booktitle = {Proc. Int. Conf. High Perf. Comp., Network.,
                  Stor. Anal.},
  pages = {1--14},
  year = 2021
}
@book{kreyszig06,
  author = {Kreyszig, E.},
  title = {Advanced engineering mathematics},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 2006,
  address = {New York},
  edition = 9
}
@article{krien08,
  author = {Krien, Y. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Gravity above subduction zones and forces
                  controlling plate motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005270},
  number = {B09407},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113
}
@article{kronbichler12,
  author = {Kronbichler, M. and Heister, T. and Bangerth, W.},
  title = {High accuracy mantle convection simulation through
                  modern numerical methods},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {12--29}
}
@article{kuang97,
  title = {{An Earth-like numerical dynamo model}},
  author = {Kuang, Weijia and Bloxham, Jeremy},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 389,
  pages = {371--374},
  year = 1997
}
@article{kubota22,
  title = {{Sulfur in Archean komatiite implies early
                  subduction of oceanic lithosphere}},
  author = {Kubota, Yusuke and Matsu'ura, Fumihiro and Shimizu,
                  Kenji and Ishikawa, Akira and Ueno, Yuichiro},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 598,
  pages = 117826,
  year = 2022
}
@article{kuchar19,
  title = {{The importance of lateral Earth structure for North
                  American glacial isostatic adjustment}},
  author = {Kuchar, Joseph and Milne, Glenn and Latychev,
                  Konstantin},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 512,
  pages = {236--245},
  year = 2019
}
@article{kuge90,
  title = {Analysis of a deep ``non double couple'' earthquake
                  using very broadband data},
  author = {Kuge, Keiko and Kawakatsu, Hitoshi},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {227--230},
  year = 1990
}
@article{kuge93,
  author = {Kuge, K. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {Significance of non-double couple components of deep
                  and intermediate-depth earthquakes: {I}mplications
                  from moment tensor inversions of long-period seismic
                  waves},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 75,
  pages = {243--266}
}
@article{kumagai08,
  title = {Mantle plumes: {T}hin, fat, successful, or failing?
                  {C}onstraints to explain hot spot volcanism through
                  time and space},
  author = {Kumagai, Ichiro and Davaille, Anne and Kurita, Kei
                  and Stutzmann, El{\'e}onore},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 35,
  number = {L16301},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL035079},
  year = 2008
}
@article{kumagai96,
  title = {Time sequence and the recurrence models for large
                  earthquakes along the {N}ankai trough revisited},
  author = {Kumagai, Hiroyuki},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1139--1142},
  year = 1996
}
@article{kumar11,
  author = {Kumar, P. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {Imaging the seismic lithosphere-asthenosphere
                  boundary of the oceanic plate},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q01006},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003358}
}
@article{kumar12,
  author = {Kumar, P. and Kind, R. and Yuan, X. and Mechie, J.},
  title = {{USArray Receiver Function Images of the
                  Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary}},
  journal = {Seism. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {486--491}
}
@article{kumazawa69,
  author = {Kumazawa, M. and Anderson, O. L.},
  title = {Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and
                  temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine
                  and single-crystal forsterite},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 74,
  pages = {5961--5972}
}
@article{kuritani11,
  title = {Intensive hydration of the mantle transition zone
                  beneath {C}hina caused by ancient slab stagnation},
  author = {Kuritani, Takeshi and Ohtani, Eiji and Kimura,
                  Jun-Ichi},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 4,
  pages = {713--716},
  year = 2011
}
@article{kurz82,
  title = {Helium isotopic systematics of oceanic islands and
                  mantle heterogeneity},
  author = {Kurz, MD and Jenkins, WJ and Hart, SR},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 297,
  pages = {43--47},
  year = 1982
}
@article{kurz83,
  author = {Kurz, M. D. and Jenkins, W. J. and Hart, S. R. and
                  Clague, D.},
  title = {Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from
                  {L}oihi {S}eamount and the {I}sland of {H}awaii},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {388--406}
}
@article{kurz88,
  author = {Kurz, T. and Lauterborn, W.},
  title = {Bifurcation structure of the {T}oda osciallator},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {1029--1031}
}
@article{kustowski08,
  author = {Kustowski, B. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. },
  title = {{Anisotropic shear-wave velocity structure of the
                  Earth's mantle: A global model}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005169}
}
@article{kusunose95,
  author = {Kusonose, K.},
  title = {Fracture Mechanics of Rocks},
  journal = {J. Phys. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {479--504},
  annote = {acoustic emission, failure process, frictional
                  sliding}
}
@article{kusznir84,
  title = {Intraplate lithosphere deformation and the strength
                  of the lithosphere},
  author = {Kusznir, NJ and Park, RG},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {513--538},
  year = 1984
}
@article{kusznir87,
  title = {The extensional strength of the continental
                  lithosphere: its dependence on geothermal gradient,
                  and crustal composition and thickness},
  author = {Kusznir, NJ and Park, RG},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {35--52},
  year = 1987
}
@article{kuznir91,
  author = {Kuznir, N. J.},
  title = {The distribution of stress with depth in the
                  lithosphere: thermorheological and geodynamic
                  constraints},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 337,
  pages = {95--110}
}
@article{kwiatek10,
  author = {Kwiatek, G. and Plenkers, K. and Nakatani, M. and
                  Yabe, Y. and Dresen, G. and {JAGUARS group}},
  title = {{Frequency-magnitude characteristics down to
                  magnitude $-$4.4 for induced seismicity recorded at
                  Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {1165--1173}
}
@article{kwiatek11,
  title = {{Source parameters of picoseismicity recorded at
                  Mponeng deep gold mine, South Africa: Implications
                  for scaling relations}},
  author = {Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Plenkers, Katrin and Dresen,
                  Georg and {JAGUARS Research Group}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {2592--2608},
  year = 2011
}
@article{kwiatek23,
  title = {Complex multi-scale preparatory processes of
                  stick-slip events on rough laboratory faults},
  author = {Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Mart{\'\i}nez-Garz{\'o}n,
                  Patricia and Goebel, Thomas W. and Bohnhoff, Marco
                  and Ben-Zion, Yehuda and Dresen, Georg},
  journal = {ESS Open Archive},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.22541/essoar.169447455.58529925/v1}
}
@book{kwon96,
  author = {Kwon, Y. W. and Bang, H.},
  title = {The Finite Element Method Using Matlab},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  year = 1996
}
@article{kyvalova95,
  author = {Kyvalova, H. and {\v {C}}adek. O. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Correlation analysis between subduction in the last
                  180 {Myr} and lateral seismic structure of the lower
                  mantle: Geodynamical implications},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1281--1284}
}
@article{labrecque77,
  title = {{Revised magnetic polarity time scale for Late
                  Cretaceous and Cenozoic time}},
  author = {LaBrecque, John L and Kent, Dennis V and Cande,
                  Steven C},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {330--335},
  year = 1977
}
@article{labrosse02,
  author = {Labrosse, S.},
  title = {Hotspots, mantle plumes and core heat loss},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 1999,
  pages = {147--156}
}
@article{labrosse07,
  author = {Labrosse, S. and Jaupart, C.},
  title = {Thermal Evolution of the {Earth}: Secular Changes
                  and Fluctuations of Plate Characteristics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 260,
  pages = {465--481}
}
@article{labrosse07b,
  author = {Labrosse, S. and Hernlund, J. W. and Coltice, N.},
  title = {A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the
                  {Earth's} mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 450,
  pages = {866--869}
}
@article{labrosse15,
  title = {Thermal evolution of the core with a high thermal
                  conductivity},
  author = {Labrosse, St{\'e}phane},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 247,
  pages = {36--55},
  year = 2015
}
@article{lachenbruch68,
  author = {Lachenbruch, A. H.},
  title = {{Preliminary geothermal model of the Sierra Nevada}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {6977--6989}
}
@article{lachenbruch72,
  author = {Lachenbruch, A. H. and Thomp\-son, G. A.},
  title = {Oceanic ridges and transform faults: {T}heir
                  intersection angles and resistance to plate motion},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {116--122}
}
@article{lachenbruch80,
  author = {Lachenbruch, A. H. and Sass, J. H.},
  title = {Heat flow and energetics of the {S}an {A}ndreas
                  fault zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {6185--6222},
  annote = {heat flow anomaly}
}
@article{lachenbruch82,
  author = {Lachenbruch, A. H. and Sass, J. H.},
  title = {{Heat flow from Cajon pass, fault strength, and
                  tectonic implications}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {4995--5015}
}
@article{lachenbruch90,
  author = {Lachenbruch, A. H. and Morgan, P.},
  title = {Continental extension, magmatism and elevation;
                  formal relations and rules of thumb},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {39--62}
}
@article{lahondere97,
  author = {Lahond{\`{e}}re, D. and Guerrot, C.},
  title = {Datation {Sm}-{Nd} du m{\'{e}}tamorphisme
                  {\'{e}}clogitique en {C}orse {A}lpine: un argument
                  pour l'existence au {C}r{\'{e}}tac{\'{e}}
                  sup{\'{e}}riuer d'une zone de subduction active
                  localis{\'{e}}e sous le bloc {C}orse-{S}arde},
  journal = {Geol. France},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {3--11}
}
@article{lai19,
  title = {Global travel time data set from adaptive empirical
                  wavelet construction},
  author = {Lai, Hongyu and Garnero, Edward J and Grand, Stephen
                  P and Porritt, Robert W and Becker, Thorsten W},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {2175--2198},
  year = 2019
}
@article{lallemand01,
  author = {Lallemand, S. and Font, Y. and Bijwaard, H. and Kao,
                  H.},
  title = {New insights on 3-{D} plates interaction near
                  {T}aiwan from tomography and tectonic implications},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {229--253}
}
@article{lallemand05,
  author = {Lallemand, S. and Heuret, A. and Boutelier, D.},
  title = {On the relationships between slab dip, back-arc
                  stress, upper plate absolute motion, and crustal
                  nature in subduction zones},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 6,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC000917}
}
@article{lallemand08,
  title = {Subduction dynamics as revealed by trench migration},
  author = {Lallemand, Serge and Heuret, Arnauld and Faccenna,
                  Claudio and Funiciello, Francesca},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 27,
  number = {TC3014},
  doi = {10.1029/2007TC002212},
  year = 2008
}
@article{lallemand21,
  title = {{Subduction initiation from the earliest stages to
                  self-sustained subduction: {I}nsights from the
                  analysis of 70 Cenozoic sites}},
  author = {Lallemand, Serge and Arcay, Diane},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 221,
  pages = 103779,
  year = 2021
}
@article{lallemand95,
  author = {Lallemand, S.},
  title = {High rates of arc consumption by subduction
                  processes: some consequences},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {551--554}
}
@incollection{lallemant96,
  author = {Ave{\'{e}} Lallamant, H. G.},
  title = {Displacement partitioning and arc-parallel
                  extension: example from the southeastern {C}aribbean
                  plate margin},
  booktitle = {Subduction: Top to Bottom},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1996,
  editor = {Bebout, R. E. and Scholl, D. W. and Kirby, S. H. and
                  Platt, J. P.},
  volume = 96,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  pages = {113--118},
  edition = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{lamb03,
  title = {{Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the
                  rise of the Andes}},
  author = {Lamb, Simon and Davis, Paul},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 425,
  pages = {792--797},
  year = 2003
}
@article{lamb06,
  title = {Shear stresses on megathrusts: {I}mplications for
                  mountain building behind subduction zones},
  author = {Lamb, Simon},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003916},
  number = {B07401},
  year = 2006
}
@article{lamb20,
  author = {Lamb, S. and Moore, J. D. P. and Perez-Gussinye,
                  M. and Stern, T.},
  title = {Global whole lithosphere isostasy: implications for
                  surface elevations, structure, strength and
                  densitities of the continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {10.1029/2020GC009150}
}
@article{lambeck10,
  title = {{The Scandinavian ice sheet: from MIS 4 to the end
                  of the last glacial maximum}},
  author = {Lambeck, Kurt and Purcell, Anthony and Zhao, Jason
                  and SVENSSON, NILS-OLOF},
  journal = {Boreas},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {410--435},
  year = 2010
}
@article{lambeck80,
  title = {The lunar fossil bulge hypothesis revisited},
  author = {Lambeck, Kurt and Pullan, Susan},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 22,
  pages = {29--35},
  year = 1980
}
@article{lambeck96,
  title = {{Sea-level change and shore-line evolution in Aegean
                  Greece since Upper Palaeolithic time}},
  author = {Lambeck, Kurt},
  journal = {Antiquity},
  volume = 70,
  pages = {588--611},
  year = 1996
}
@article{lambeck98,
  title = {{Sea-level change, glacial rebound and mantle
                  viscosity for northern Europe}},
  author = {Lambeck, Kurt and Smither, Catherine and Johnston,
                  Paul},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 134,
  pages = {102--144},
  year = 1998
}
@article{lambert2,
  title = {Resolving simulated sequences of earthquakes and
                  fault interactions: {I}mplications for physics-based
                  seismic hazard assessment},
  author = {Lambert, Val{\`e}re and Lapusta, Nadia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2021JB022193},
  year = 2021
}
@article{lambert21,
  author = {Lambert, V. and Lapusta, N. and Perry, V.},
  title = {Propagation of large earthquakes as self-healing
                  pulses or mild cracks},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 591,
  pages = {252--258}
}
@article{lanari20,
  title = {{Tectonic evolution of the western high Atlas of
                  Morocco: oblique convergence, reactivation, and
                  transpression}},
  author = {Lanari, Riccardo and Faccenna, Claudio and Fellin,
                  Maria Giuditta and Essaifi, Abderrahim and Nahid, A
                  and Medina, Fida and Youbi, Nasrrddine},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 39,
  number = 3,
  pages = {{e2019TC005563}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{lanari23,
  title = {{The Atlas of Morocco: A Plume-Assisted Orogeny}},
  author = {Lanari, R and Faccenna, C and Natali, C and
                  {\c{S}}eng{\"u}l Uluocak, E and Fellin, MG and
                  Becker, TW and G{\"o}{\u{g}}{\"u}{\c{s}}, OH and
                  Youbi, N and Clementucci, R and Conticelli, S},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 24,
  number = 6,
  pages = {e2022GC010843},
  year = 2023
}
@book{lancaster86,
  author = {Lancaster, P. and {\v{S}}alkauskas, K.},
  title = {Curve and surface fitting - {A}n introduction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1986,
  address = {San Diego}
}
@article{landeau22,
  title = {{Sustaining Earth's magnetic dynamo}},
  author = {Landeau, Maylis and Fournier, Alexandre and Nataf,
                  Henri-Claude and C{\'e}bron, David and Schaeffer,
                  Nathana{\"e}l},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Earth \& Env.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {255--269},
  year = 2022
}
@article{landerer12,
  author = {Landerer, F. W. and Swenson, S. C.},
  title = {{Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage
                  estimates}},
  journal = {Water Resource Res.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 48,
  number = {W04531},
  doi = {10.1029/2011WR011453}
}
@article{landuyt08,
  title = {Plate generation and two-phase damage theory in a
                  model of mantle convection},
  author = {Landuyt, W and Bercovici, D and Ricard, Y},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 174,
  pages = {1065--1080},
  year = 2008
}
@article{landuyt09,
  author = {Landuyt, W. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {Formation and structure of lithospheric shear zones
                  with damage},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 175,
  pages = {115--126}
}
@mastersthesis{lang83,
  author = {Lang, G.},
  title = {Relaxationsverhalten der Erde nach einem
                  Dip-Slip-Beben in einer Subduktionszone in
                  Abh{\"{a}}ngigkeit vom Winkel der abtauchenden
                  Platte und der Asthenosph{\"{a}}renrheologie},
  school = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Geophysik der Technischen
                  Universit{\"{a}}t Clausthal},
  year = 1983,
  address = {Clausthal},
  annote = {split nodes}
}
@article{langemeyer21,
  title = {Global mantle convection models produce transform
                  offsets along divergent plate boundaries},
  author = {Langemeyer, Sean M and Lowman, Julian P and Tackley,
                  Paul J},
  journal = {Comm. Earth \& Environ.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {1--10},
  year = 2021
}
@article{langenheimetal04,
  author = {Langenheim, VE and Jachens, RC and Morton, DM and
                  Kistler, RW and Matti, JC},
  title = {{Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting
                  crustal structures that influenced the location and
                  development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern
                  California}},
  journal = {{Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.}},
  year = {{2004}},
  volume = {{116}},
  pages = {{1143--1157}}
}
@article{langseth66,
  title = {{Crustal structure of the mid-ocean ridges: 5. Heat
                  flow through the Atlantic Ocean floor and convection
                  currents}},
  author = {Langseth Jr, Marcus G and Le Pichon, Xavier and
                  Ewing, Maurice},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 71,
  pages = {5321--5355},
  year = 1966
}
@book{lapack,
  author = {Anderson, E. and Bai, Z. and Bischof, C. and
                  Blackford, S. and Demmel, J. and Dongarra, J. and Du
                  Croz, J. and Greenbaum, A. and Hammarling, S. and
                  McKenney, A. and Sorensen, D.},
  title = {{LAPACK} Users' Guide},
  edition = 3,
  publisher = {SIAM},
  year = 1999,
  address = {Philadelphia, PA}
}
@book{laplace23,
  title = {Trait{\'e} de m{\'e}canique c{\'e}leste, 1},
  author = {Laplace, Pierre Simon},
  year = 1823,
  publisher = {Typ. Crapelet}
}
@article{lapusta00,
  author = {Lapusta, N. and Rice, J. R. and Ben-Zion, Y. and
                  Zheng, G.},
  title = {Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading
                  with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with
                  rate- and state-dependent friction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {23765--23789}
}
@article{lapusta09,
  author = {Lapusta, N. and Liu, Y.},
  title = {Three-dimensional boundary integral modeling of
                  spontaneous earthquake sequences and aseismic slip},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B09303},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005934}
}
@techreport{lapusta19,
  author = {N. Lapusta and E. Dunham and Jean-Philippe Avouac
                  and Marine Denolle and Ylona van Dinther and Daniel
                  Faulkner and Yuri Fialko and Hiroko Kitajima Valère
                  Lambert and Stacy Larochelle and Brad Aagaard and
                  Sylvain Barbot and Thorsten W. Becker and Nicholas
                  M. Beeler and Yehuda Ben-Zion and Gregory C.  Beroza
                  and Roland Bürgmann and Emily E. Brodsky and Camilla
                  Cattania and Benchun Duan and Ahmed E. Elbanna,
                  William L. Ellsworth and Brittany A. Erickson and
                  Alice-Agnes Gabriel and Michael Gurnis and Ruth
                  A. Harris and Junle Jiang and Greg Hirth and
                  Yoshihiro Kaneko and James D. Kirkpatrick and Thorne
                  Lay and Shuo Ma and Chris Marone and Gregory
                  C. McLaskey and Men-Andrin Meier and Andr{\'{e}}
                  R. Niemeijer and Hiroyuki Noda and David D. Oglesby
                  and Kim B. Olsen, Ares J. Rosakis and Zachary
                  E. Ross and Christie D. Rowe and Paul Segall and
                  Yuval Tal and John Townend and John E.  Vidale and
                  Zhongwen Zhan and Wenlu Zhu},
  title = {Modeling Earthquake Source Processes: from Tectonics
                  to Dynamic Rupture, {R}eport to the {National
                  Science Foundation}},
  institution = {Caltech},
  year = 2019,
  address = {Pasadena CA},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.seismolab.caltech.edu/pdf/MESP_White_Paper_Main_Text_8_March_2019.pdf},
                  accesed 01/2024}
}
@techreport{lapusta19s,
  author = {N. Lapusta and E. Dunham and others},
  title = {Modeling Earthquake Source Processes: from Tectonics
                  to Dynamic Rupture, {R}eport to the {National
                  Science Foundation}},
  institution = {Caltech},
  year = 2019,
  address = {Pasadena CA},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.seismolab.caltech.edu/pdf/MESP_White_Paper_Main_Text_8_March_2019.pdf},
                  accesed 03/2024}
}
@inproceedings{lara-ocampo11,
  author = {Lara Ocampo, M.E. and A. Cardona and V. Valencia and
                  M. Weber and J. Ceron and F. de la Parra and
                  D. Espitia and M. Martinez},
  title = {{Middle Miocene volcanism within the south Caribbean
                  deformed belt in northern Colombia: petrotectonic
                  implications}},
  booktitle = {XIV Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia Memorias,},
  pages = 221,
  year = 2011
}
@article{larmor19,
  author = {Larmor, J.},
  title = {{How could a rotating body such as the Sun become a
                  magnet?}},
  journal = {Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci.},
  year = 1919,
  pages = {159--160}
}
@article{larsen00,
  title = {{Aerodynamics of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge-60 years
                  later}},
  author = {Larsen, Allan},
  journal = {Struct. Eng. Int.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {243--248},
  year = 2000
}
@article{larsen92,
  author = {Larsen, S. and Reilinger, R. and Neugebauer, H. and
                  Strange, W.},
  title = {Global {P}ositioning {S}ystem Measurements of
                  Deformations Associated with the 1987 {S}uperstition
                  {H}ills earthquake: Evidence for Conjugate Faulting},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {4885--4902},
  month = {April},
  annote = {GPS, coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{larsen95,
  author = {Larsen, T. and Yuen, D. A. and Malevsky, A. V.},
  title = {Dynamical consequences on fast subducting slabs from
                  a self-regulating mechanism due to viscous heating
                  in variable viscosity convection},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1277--1280}
}
@article{larsen96,
  author = {Larsen, T. and Yuen, D. A. and Smedsmo, J. L. and
                  Malevsky, A. V.},
  title = {Thermomechanical modeling of pulsation tectonics and
                  consequences on lithospheric dynamics},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {217--220}
}
@article{larsen97,
  title = {{Fast plumeheads: Temperature-dependent versus
                  non-Newtonian rheology}},
  author = {Larsen, Tine B and Yeun, David A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1995--1998},
  year = 1997
}
@article{larsen98,
  author = {Larsen, E. W. F. and Tromp, J. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m,
                  G.},
  title = {Effects of slight anisotropy on surface waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {654--666}
}
@article{larson72,
  author = {Larson, R. L. and Pitman III, W. C.},
  title = {World-wide correlation of {M}esosoic magnetic
                  anomalies and its implications},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {3645--3662}
}
@article{larson75,
  title = {{A revised time scale of magnetic reversals for the
                  Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic}},
  author = {Larson, Roger L and Hilde, Thomas WC},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {2586--2594},
  year = 1975
}
@article{larson98,
  author = {Larson, E. and Tromp, J. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Effects of slight anisotropy on surface waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {654--666}
}
@unpublished{laske06,
  author = {Laske, G.},
  title = {{Reference Earth Model} website},
  note = {University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
                  CA. Online at \url{mahi.ucsd.edu/Gabi/rem.html},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{laske13,
  author = {Laske, G. and Masters., G. and Ma, Z. and Pasyanos,
                  M.},
  title = {A 1-degree Global Model of {E}arth's Crust},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 15,
  note = {Abstract EGU2013-2658}
}
@article{laske97,
  author = {Laske, G. and Masters, G.},
  title = {A Global Digital Map of Sediment Thickness},
  journal = {EOS, Trans. AGU},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {F483}
}
@article{laske98,
  author = {Laske, G. and Masters, G.},
  title = {Surface-wave polarization data and global
                  anisotropic structure},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {508--520}
}
@article{lassak06,
  author = {Lassak, T. M. and Fouch, M. J. and Hall, C. E. and
                  Kaminski, {\'{E}}},
  title = {Seismic characterization of mantle flow in
                  subduction systems: {C}an we resolve a hydrated
                  mantle wedge?},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {632--649}
}
@article{lassak10,
  title = {Core--mantle boundary topography as a possible
                  constraint on lower mantle chemistry and dynamics},
  author = {Lassak, Teresa Mae and McNamara, Allen K and
                  Garnero, Edward J and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 289,
  pages = {232--241},
  year = 2010
}
@article{latifi18,
  author = {K. Latifi and A. Kaviani and G. R{\"{u}}mpker and
                  M. Mahmoodabadi and M. R. Ghassemi and
                  A. Sadidkhouy},
  title = {{The effect of crustal anisotropy on SKS splitting
                  analysis-synthetic models and real-data
                  observations}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 213,
  pages = {1426--1447}
}
@article{latychev05,
  title = {{GIA-induced secular variations in the Earth's long
                  wavelength gravity field: Influence of 3-D viscosity
                  variations}},
  author = {Latychev, Konstantin and Mitrovica, Jerry X and
                  Tamisiea, Mark E and Tromp, Jeroen and Christara,
                  Christina C and Moucha, Robert},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 240,
  pages = {322--327},
  year = 2005
}
@inproceedings{lau19,
  title = {Geodetic Imaging of Spatial Variations in Vertical
                  Land Motion and its Implication for Relative Sea
                  Level Change Along the {US West Coast}},
  author = {Lau, Nicholas and Borsa, Adrian A and Johnson,
                  Christopher W and Becker, Thorsten W},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
  address = {San Francisco CA},
  year = 2019,
  number = {{G52A-06}},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{lau19b,
  author = {Lau, H. C. P. and Holtzman, B. K.},
  title = {{``Measures of dissipation in viscoelastic media''
                  extended: Toward continuous characterization across
                  very broad geophysical time scales}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 46,
  pages = {9544--9553}
}
@article{lau20,
  author = {Lau, Nicholas and Borsa, Adrian A. and Becker,
                  Thorsten W.},
  title = {Present-Day Crustal Vertical Velocity Field for the
                  Contiguous United States},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2020JB020066}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020066},
  year = 2020
}
@article{lauinprep,
  author = {Lau, Nicholas and Borsa, Adrian A and Johnson,
                  Christopher W and Becker, Thorsten W},
  title = {Present-day crustal vertical velocity field for the
                  {C}ontiguous {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {submitted},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/preprints/lbb20_pre.pdf},
                  accessed 07/2020.}
}
@article{laurenti22,
  author = {Laurenti, L. and Tinti, E. and Galasso, F. and
                  Franco, L. and Marone, C.},
  title = {Deep learning for laboratory earthquake prediction
                  and autoregressive forecasting of fault zone stress},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 598,
  pages = 117825
}
@article{lavier00,
  author = {Lavier, L. L. and Buck, W. R. and Poliakov,
                  A. N. B.},
  title = {Factors controlling normal fault offset in an ideal
                  brittle layer},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {23431--23442}
}
@article{lavier02,
  author = {Lavier, L. and Buck, W.R.},
  title = {Half graben versus large-offset low-angle normal
                  fault: importance of keeping cool during normal
                  faulting},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  pages = {10.1029/2001JB000513},
  year = 2002
}
@article{lavier06,
  author = {Lavier, L. L.  and Manatschal, G. A.},
  title = {A mechanism to thin the continental lithosphere at
                  magma-poor margins},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 440,
  pages = {324--328}
}
@article{lavier13,
  author = {L. L. Lavier and R. Bennett and R. Duddu},
  title = {Creep Events at The Brittle Ductile Transition},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20178},
  pages = {3334--3351}
}
@article{lavier19,
  title = {{Controls on the thermomechanical evolution of
                  hyperextended lithosphere at magma-poor rifted
                  margins: The example of Espirito Santo and the
                  Kwanza basins}},
  author = {Lavier, L.L. and Ball, P.J. and Manatschal, G. and
                  Heumann, M.J. and MacDonald, J. and Matt, V.J. and
                  Schneider, C.},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {5148--5176},
  year = 2019
}
@article{lavier21,
  title = {The Mechanics of Creep, Slow Slip Events and
                  Earthquakes in Mixed Brittle-Ductile Fault Zones},
  author = {Lavier, Luc L and Tong, Xinyue and Biemiller, James},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 125,
  number = {e2020JB020325},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020325},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{lavier99,
  author = {Lavier, L L and Buck, W R and Poliakov, A N B},
  title = {Self-consistent rolling-hinge model for the
                  evolution of large-offset low-angle normal faults},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {1127--1130}
}
@book{lawn93,
  author = {Lawn, B.},
  title = {Fracture of brittle solids},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1993,
  edition = 2
}
@incollection{lawrence05,
  author = {Lawrence, J. F. and Wysession, M. E.},
  title = {Seismic evidence for subduction-transported water in
                  the lower mantle},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2004,
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{lawrence06,
  author = {Lawrence, J. F. and Wysession, M. E.},
  title = {{QLM9: A new radial quality factor ($Q_\mu$) model
                  for the lower mantle}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 241,
  pages = {962--971}
}
@article{lawrence06b,
  author = {Lawrence, J. and Shearer, P.},
  title = {A global study of transition zone thickness using
                  receiver functions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003973}
}
@article{laws78,
  author = {Laws, N. and McLaughlin, R.},
  title = {Self-consistent estimates for the viscoelastic creep
                  compliances of composite materials},
  journal = {Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 359,
  pages = {251--273}
}
@incollection{lay04,
  author = {T. Lay and E. J. Garnero},
  title = {Core-mantle boundary structures and processes},
  booktitle = {The State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges in
                  Geophysics},
  pages = {25--41},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2004,
  editor = {Sparks, R. S. J. and Hawkesworth, C. J.},
  volume = 150,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.}
}
@article{lay08,
  author = {Lay, T. and Hernlund, J. and Buffett, B. A.},
  title = {Core-mantle boundary heat flow},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {25--32}
}
@article{lay12,
  author = {Lay, T. and Kanamori, H. and Ammon, C. J. and Koper,
                  K. D. and Hutko, A. R. and Ye, L. and Yue, H. and
                  Rushing, T. M.},
  title = {Depth-varying rupture properties of subduction zone
                  megathrust faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B04311},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009133},
  year = 2012
}
@article{lay15,
  author = {Lay, T.},
  title = {The surge of great earthquakes from 2004 to 2014},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 409,
  pages = {133--146},
  year = 2015
}
@article{lay80,
  title = {Earthquake doublets in the {S}olomon Islands},
  author = {Lay, Thorne and Kanamori, Hiroo},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {283--304},
  year = 1980
}
@article{lay94,
  author = {Lay, T.},
  title = {The fate of descending slabs},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 22,
  pages = 33
}
@inbook{layandwallace8,
  author = {Lay, T. and Wallace, T.C.},
  title = {Modern Global Seismology},
  chapter = 8,
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1995,
  address = {San Diego}
}
@article{leahy10,
  author = {Leahy, G. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {Reactive infiltration of hydrous melt above the
                  mantle transition zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B08406},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB00675}
}
@article{lebar04,
  title = {Whole layer convection in a heterogeneous planetary
                  mantle},
  author = {Le Bars, Michael and Davaille, Anne},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B03403},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002617},
  year = 2004
}
@article{lebedev03,
  author = {Lebedev, S. and Chevrot, S. and van der Hilst, R.},
  title = {Correlation between the shear-speed structure and
                  thickness of the mantle transition zone},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 136,
  pages = {25--40}
}
@article{lebedev03b,
  author = {Lebedev, S. and Nolet, G.},
  title = {Upper mantle beneath {Southeast Asia from S}
                  velocity tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2048,
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000073}
}
@article{lebedev05,
  author = {Lebedev, S. and Nolet, G. and Meier, T. and van der
                  Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {{Automated multimode inversion of surface and {S}
                  waveforms}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 162,
  pages = {951--964}
}
@article{lebedev06,
  title = {{Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the
                  Baikal Rift area}},
  author = {Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 249,
  pages = {415--424},
  year = 2006
}
@article{lebedev08,
  author = {Lebedev, S. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Global upper-mantle tomography with the automated
                  multimode inversion of surface and {S}-wave forms},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {505--518}
}
@article{lebedev09,
  title = {{Seismic structure of Precambrian lithosphere: {N}ew
                  constraints from broad-band surface-wave
                  dispersion}},
  author = {Lebedev, S. and Boonen, J. and Trampert, J.},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 109,
  pages = {96--111},
  year = 2009
}
@inproceedings{lebedev10d,
  title = {{3D deformation and evolution of Mediterranean
                  basins: insights from crustal and mantle
                  anisotropy}},
  author = {Lebedev, S and Endrun, B and Meier, TM and Adam, J
                  and Tirel, C},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2010
}
@article{lechmann14,
  author = {Lechmann, S. M. and Schmalholz, S. M. and Hetenyi,
                  G. and May, D. A. and Kaus, B.J.P.},
  title = {Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and
                  underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern
                  {India-Asia} collisional system with {3-D} numerical
                  models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  doi = {10.1002/2012JB009748}
}
@inproceedings{lee00,
  author = {Lee, J. and Rubin, C. and Miller, M. and Spencer,
                  J. and Lewis, O. and Dixon, T.},
  title = {{Kinematics of the Eastern California shear zone
                  north of the Garlock Fault} (abstract)},
  pages = 105,
  year = 2000,
  volume = 32,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, 2000 Annual
                  meeting. Abstracts with Programs}
}
@article{lee03,
  title = {{Compositional variation of density and seismic
                  velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions:
                  Implications for seismic imaging of compositional
                  heterogeneities in the upper mantle}},
  author = {Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = {B9},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002413},
  year = 2003
}
@article{lee05,
  author = {Lee, C.-T. A. and Lenardic, A. and Cooper, C. M. and
                  Niu, F. and Levander, A.},
  title = {The role of chemical boundary layers in regulating
                  the thickness of continental and oceanic thermal
                  boundary layers},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 230,
  pages = {379--395}
}
@article{lee07,
  author = {Lee, C. T. A.},
  title = {Possible density segregation of subducted oceanic
                  lithosphere along a weak serpentinite layer and
                  implications for compositional stratification of the
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {357--366}
}
@article{lee08,
  title = {{The role of serpentine in preferential craton
                  formation in the late Archean by lithosphere
                  underthrusting}},
  author = {Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus and Luffi, Peter and H{\"o}ink,
                  Tobias and Li, Zheng-Xue A and Lenardic, Adrian},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 269,
  pages = {96--104},
  year = 2008
}
@article{lee11,
  author = {Lee, C.-K. and Han, S.-C. and Steinberger, B.},
  title = {Influence of variable uncertainties in seismic
                  tomography models on constraining mantle viscosity
                  from geoid observations},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {51--62}
}
@article{lee11b,
  author = {Lee, C.-T. A. and Luffi, P. and Chin, E. J.},
  title = {Building and destroying continental mantle},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {59--90}
}
@article{lee11c,
  title = {Dynamic buckling of subducting slabs reconciles
                  geological and geophysical observations},
  author = {Lee, Changyeol and King, Scott D},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 312,
  pages = {360--370},
  year = 2011
}
@article{lee96,
  author = {Lee, T.-C.},
  title = {Pore-pressure rise, frictional strength, and fault
                  slip: one-dimesional interaction models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {371--384},
  annote = {fault slip, frictional heating, pore pressure, heat
                  flow}
}
@inproceedings{lee99,
  author = {Lee, CT and Rudnick, R. L.},
  title = {{Compositionally stratified cratonic lithosphere:
                  petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths
                  from the Labait tuff cone, Tanzania}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Kimberlite
                  Conference},
  year = 1999,
  editor = {J. J. Gurny and S. R. Richardson},
  pages = {503--521}
}
@article{leech05,
  title = {{The onset of India--Asia continental collision:
                  early, steep subduction required by the timing of
                  UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya}},
  author = {Leech, Mary L and Singh, S and Jain, AK and
                  Klemperer, Simon L and Manickavasagam, RM},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 234,
  pages = {83--97},
  year = 2005
}
@article{leeman16,
  author = {J. R. Leeman and D. M. Saffer and M. M. Scuderi and
                  C. Marone},
  title = {Laboratory observations of slow earthquakes and the
                  spectrum of tectonic fault slip modes},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 7,
  number = 11104
}
@article{leeman18,
  author = {J. R. Leeman and C. Marone and D. M. Saffer},
  title = {Frictional mechanics of slow earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {7931--7949}
}
@article{lees95,
  title = {Multiple-taper spectral analysis: {A} stand-alone
                  {C}-subroutine},
  author = {Lees, Jonathan M and Park, Jeffrey},
  journal = {Comp. \& Geosc.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {199--236},
  year = 1995
}
@article{lefevre18,
  title = {{Slip deficit and temporal clustering along the Dead
                  Sea fault from paleoseismological investigations}},
  author = {Lefevre, Marthe and Klinger, Yann and Al-Qaryouti,
                  Mahmoud and Le B{\'e}on, Maryline and Moumani,
                  Khaled},
  journal = {Sci. Rep.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = 4511,
  year = 2018
}
@article{lehmann36,
  author = {Lehmann, I.},
  title = {P'},
  journal = {Bureau Central S{\'{e}}ismologique Int. Strasbourg:
                  Pub. du Bureau Central Sci.},
  year = 1936,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {87--115}
}
@article{lehner81,
  title = {Stress diffusion along rupturing plate boundaries},
  author = {Lehner, Florian K and Li, Victor C and Rice, JR},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 86,
  pages = {6155--6169},
  year = 1981
}
@article{lei00,
  author = {Lei, X. and Kusunose, K. and Rao, M. and Nishizawa,
                  O. and Satoh, T.},
  title = {Quasi-static fault growth and cracking in
                  homogeneous brittle rock under triaxial compression
                  using acoustic emission monitoring},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {6127--6139}
}
@article{lei03,
  author = {X. Lei},
  title = {How do asperities fracture? {A}n experimental study
                  of unbroken asperities},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {247--258}
}
@article{lei09,
  author = {Lei, J. and D. Zhao and B. Steinberger and B. Wu and
                  F. Shen and Z. Li},
  title = {New seismic constraints on the upper mantle
                  structure of the {H}ainan plume},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = {33--50}
}
@article{leitner98,
  author = {Leitner, B. and Trehu, A. M. and Godfrey, N. J.},
  title = {{Crustal structure of the northwestern Vizcaino
                  block and Gorda Escarpment, offshore northern
                  California, and implications for postsubduction
                  deformation of a paleoaccretionary margin}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {23795--23812}
}
@article{lekic11,
  author = {Leki{\'{c}}, V. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Inferring upper-mantle structure by full waveform
                  tomography with the spectral element method},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {19.111/j.1365-246X.2011.04969.x}
}
@article{lekic11b,
  author = {Leki{\'{c}}, V. and K. M. Fischer and S. French},
  title = {{Lithospheric thinning beneath rifted regions of
                  Southern California}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 334,
  pages = {783--787}
}
@article{lekic11c,
  author = {Lekic, V. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Tectonic regionalization without a priori
                  information: {A} cluster analysis of upper mantle
                  tomography},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 308,
  pages = {151--160}
}
@article{lenardic03,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Moresi, L. N. and M{\"{u}}hlhaus,
                  H.},
  title = {Longevity and stability of cratonic lithosphere:
                  Insights from numerical simulations of coupled
                  mantle convection and continental tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001859}
}
@article{lenardic05,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Moresi, L. N. and Jellinek,
                  A. M. and Manga, M.},
  title = {Continental insulation, mantle cooling, and the
                  surface area of oceans and continents},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 234,
  pages = {317--333}
}
@article{lenardic06,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Richards, M. A. and Busse, F. H.},
  title = {Depth-dependent rheology and the horizontal
                  length-scale of mantle convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B07404},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003639}
}
@article{lenardic09,
  title = {Tails of two plume types in one mantle},
  author = {Lenardic, A and Jellinek, AM},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {127--130},
  year = 2009
}
@article{lenardic11,
  author = {A. Lenardic and L. N. Moresi and A. M. Jellinek and
                  C. J. O’Neill and C. M. Cooper and C. T. Lee},
  title = {Continents, supercontinents, mantle thermal mixing,
                  and mantle thermal isolation: {T}heory, numerical
                  simulations, and laboratory experiments},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q10016},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003663}
}
@article{lenardic12,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Crowley, J. W.},
  title = {On the notion of well-defined tectonic regimes for
                  terrestrial planets in this solar system and others},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 755,
  pages = {132--143}
}
@article{lenardic18,
  title = {The diversity of tectonic modes and thoughts about
                  transitions between them},
  author = {Lenardic, A},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 376,
  pages = 20170416,
  year = 2018
}
@article{lenardic93,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Kaula, W. M.},
  title = {A numerical treatment of geodynamic viscous flow
                  problems involving the advection of material
                  interfaces},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {8243--8260}
}
@article{lenardic99,
  author = {Lenardic, A. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Some thoughts on the stability of cratonic
                  lithosphere: effects of buoyancy and viscosity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {12747--12758}
}
@article{leng08,
  title = {Controls on plume heat flux and plume excess
                  temperature},
  author = {Leng, Wei and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B04408},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005155},
  year = 2008
}
@article{leng08b,
  author = {Leng, Wei and Zhong, Shijie},
  title = {Viscous heating, adiabatic heating and energetic
                  consistency in compressible mantle convection},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {693--702}
}
@article{leng11,
  author = {Leng, W. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Dynamics of subduction initiation with different
                  evolutionary pathways},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q12018},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003877}
}
@article{lepichon10,
  title = {The Miocene-to-present kinematic evolution of the
                  Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East and its
                  implications for dynamics},
  author = {Le Pichon, Xavier and Kreemer, Corn{\'e}},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {323--351},
  year = 2010
}
@article{lepichon68,
  author = {Le Pichon, X.},
  title = {Sea floor spreading and continental drift},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {3661--3697}
}
@article{lepourhiet06,
  author = {{Le Pourhiet}, L. and Gurnis, M. and Saleeby, J.},
  title = {{Mantle instability beneath the Sierra Nevada
                  mountains in California and Death Valley extension}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 251,
  pages = {104--119}
}
@article{lepourhiet14,
  author = {L. {Le Pourhiet} and B. Huet and N. Traor{\'{e}}},
  title = {Links between long-term and short-term rheology of
                  the lithosphere: {I}nsights from strike-slip fault
                  modelling},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 631,
  pages = {146--159},
  year = 2014
}
@article{lestunff95,
  author = {Le Stunff, Y. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Topography and geoid due to lithospheric mass
                  anomalies},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {982--990}
}
@article{lev08,
  author = {Lev, E. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Rayleigh-{T}aylor instabilities with anisotropic
                  lithospheric viscosity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {806--814}
}
@article{lev08b,
  author = {Lev, E. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Prediction of anisotropy from flow models: {A}
                  comparison of three methods},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q07014},
  pages = {10.1029/2008GC002032}
}
@article{lev11,
  author = {Lev, E. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Anisotropic viscosity changes subduction zone
                  thermal structure},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q04009},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003382}
}
@article{levander03,
  author = {Levander, A.},
  title = {{USArray design implications for wavefield imaging
                  in the lithosphere and upper mantle}},
  year = 2003,
  journal = {The Leading Edge},
  volume = 22,
  pages = {250--255}
}
@incollection{levander05,
  author = {Levander, A. and F. Niu and W. W. Symes},
  title = {{Imaging teleseismic $P$ to $S$ scattered waves
                  using the Kirchhoff integral}},
  booktitle = {Seismic Earth: Array Analysis of Broadband
                  Seismograms},
  pages = {149--169},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {A. Levander and G. Nolet},
  volume = 157,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, D.C.}
}
@article{levander06,
  author = {Levander, A. and Schmitz, M. and Ave{\'{e}}
                  Lallemant, H. G. and Zelt, C. A. and Sawyer,
                  D. S. and Magnani, M. B. and Mann, P. and
                  Christeson, G. and Wright, J. E. and Pavlis,
                  G. L. and Pindell, J.},
  title = {{Evolution of the southern Caribbean plate
                  boundary}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 87,
  number = 9,
  doi = {10.1029/2006EO090001}
}
@article{levander06b,
  author = {Levander, A. and F. Niu and C.-T. A. Lee and
                  X. Cheng},
  title = {Imag(in)ing the continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 416,
  pages = {167--185}
}
@article{levander08,
  author = {Levander, A. and Niu, D. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {{The Moho and the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary
                  under the western U.S. from USArray PdS Receiver
                  Functions}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {S31D-05}
}
@article{levander11,
  author = {Levander, A. and Schmandt, B. and Miller, M. S. and
                  Liu, K. and Karlstrom, K. E. and Crow, R. S. and
                  Lee, C.-T. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{Regional Colorado Plateau uplift by delamination
                  and thermo-chemical downwelling of North American
                  lithosphere}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 472,
  pages = {461--465}
}
@article{levander12,
  author = {Levander, A. and Miller, M. S.},
  title = {{Evolutionary aspects of the lithosphere
                  discontinuity structure in the western U.S.}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q0AK07},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004056}
}
@article{levander88,
  author = {Levander, A. R.},
  title = {Fourth-order finite-difference {P-SV} seismograms},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {1425--1436}
}
@article{levandowski14,
  author = {Levandowski, W. and Jones, C. H. and Shen, W. and
                  Ritzwoller, M. H. and Schulte-Pelkum, V.},
  title = {{Origins of topography in the western U.S.: Mapping
                  crustal and upper mantle density variations using a
                  uniform seismic velocity model}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {2375--2396}
}
@article{levin07,
  author = {Levin, V. and Okaya, D. and Park, J.},
  title = {Cause and effect: Shear wave birefringence in
                  wedge-shaped anisotropic regions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {275--286}
}
@article{levin97,
  title = {Crustal anisotropy in the {Ural Mountains} foredeep
                  from teleseismic receiver functions},
  author = {Levin, Vadim and Park, Jeffrey},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 24,
  number = 11,
  pages = {1283--1286},
  year = 1997
}
@article{levin98,
  author = {Levin, V. and J. Park},
  title = {{$P-SH$} conversions in layered media with
                  hexagonally symmetric anisotropy: A cookbook},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 151,
  pages = {669--697},
  year = 1998
}
@article{levin99,
  author = {Levin, V. and W. Menke and J. Park},
  title = {Shear wave splitting in the {A}ppalachians and the
                  {U}rals: {A} case for multilayered anisotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {17975--17993},
  year = 1999
}
@article{levine22,
  author = {Levine, M. and Stuart, A.},
  title = {A framework for machine learning of model error in
                  dynamical systems},
  journal = {Comm. Amer. Math. Soc.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {283--344}
}
@article{levy12,
  author = {F. L{\'{e}}vy and C. Jaupart},
  title = {The initiation of subduction by crustal extension at
                  a continental margin},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 188,
  pages = {779--797}
}
@article{lewicki00,
  author = {Lewicki, J. L. and T. Fischer and S. N. Williams},
  title = {{Chemical and isotopic compositions of fluids at
                  Cumbal Volcano, Colombia: evidence for magmatic
                  contribution}},
  journal = {Bull. Volcanol. },
  year = 2000,
  volume = 62,
  pages = {347--361}
}
@article{li00,
  author = {X. Li and S. V. Sobolev and R. Kind and X. Yuan and
                  C. Estabrook},
  title = {{A detailed receiver function image of the upper
                  mantle discontinuities in the Japan subduction
                  zone}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {527--541}
}
@article{li03,
  author = {Li, A. and Forsyth, D. W. and Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {Shear wave structure and azimuthal anisotropy
                  beneath eastern {N}orth {A}merica from {R}ayleigh
                  wave tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/20002JB002259}
}
@incollection{li05,
  title = {Experimental constraints on core composition},
  booktitle = {The Mantle and Core},
  author = {Li, J. and Fei, Y.},
  journal = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
  editor = {Carlson, R. W.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {521--546},
  year = 2005
}
@article{li06,
  author = {Li, Q. and Liu, M.},
  title = {Geometrical impact of the {S}an {A}ndreas fault on
                  stress and seismicity in {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL025661}
}
@article{li07,
  author = {Li, Q. and Liu, M.},
  title = {Initiation of the {S}an {J}acinto Fault and its
                  Interaction with the {S}an {A}ndreas Fault:
                  {I}nsights from Geodynamic Modeling},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {1937--1945}
}
@article{li07b,
  author = {Li, X. and Yuan, X. and Kind, R.},
  title = {The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the
                  western {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {700--710}
}
@article{li08b,
  author = {Li, Z.-X. L. and Lee, C.-T. A. and Peslier,
                  A. H. and Lenardic, A. and Mackwell, S. J.},
  title = {Water contents in mantle xenoliths from the
                  {Colorado Plateau} and vicinity: Implications for
                  the mantle rheology and hydration-induced thinning
                  of continental lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005540}
}
@article{li08c,
  author = {Li, C. and R. D. van der Hilst and E. R. Engdahl and
                  S. Burdick},
  title = {A new global model for {P} wave speed variations in
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q05018},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001806}
}
@article{li08d,
  author = {Li, C. and van der Hilst, R. D. and Meltzer,
                  A. S. and Engdahl, E. R. },
  title = {{Subduction of the Indian lithosphere beneath the
                  Tibetan Plateau and Burma}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 274,
  pages = {157--168}
}
@article{li10,
  author = {Li, C. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Structure of the upper mantle and transition zone
                  beneath {Southeast Asia} from traveltime tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B07308},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006882}
}
@article{li12,
  author = {Li, Z.-H. and Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {{Dynamics of free subduction from 3-D boundary
                  element modeling}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B06408},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009165}
}
@inproceedings{li14,
  author = {Z. Li and Z. Peng and Z. Ross and F. Vernon and
                  Y. Ben-Zion},
  title = {{Variations of seismic anisotropy along the San
                  Jacinto fault zone, southern California}},
  booktitle = {Annual Meeting 2014, {Proceedings Volume XXIV}},
  pages = 157,
  year = 2014,
  address = {Los Angeles, CA},
  publisher = {Southern California Earthquake Center},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2014am/SCEC2014Proceedings.pdf},
                  accessed 10/2014}
}
@article{li14b,
  author = {Z. Li and H. Zhang and Z. Peng},
  title = {Structure-controlled seismic anisotropy along the
                  {Karadere-D{\"{u}}zce branch of the North Anatolian
                  Fault revealed by shear-wave splitting tomography}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 391,
  pages = {319--326},
  year = 2014
}
@article{li14c,
  author = {Z.-H. Li and J. F. Di Leo and N.M. Ribe},
  title = {Subduction-induced mantle flow, finite strain, and
                  seismic anisotropy: {N}umerical modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {5052--5076}
}
@article{li15,
  author = {S. Li and M. Moreno and J. Bedford and M. Rosenau
                  and O. Oncken},
  title = {{Revisiting viscoelastic effects on interseismic
                  deformation and locking degree: A case study of the
                  Peru-North Chile subduction zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {4522--4538}
}
@article{li17,
  author = {Li, Zefeng and Peng, Zhigang},
  title = {Stress- and Structure-Induced Anisotropy in
                  {Southern California} From Two Decades of Shear Wave
                  Splitting Measurements},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {9607-09614},
  doi = {10.1002/2017GL075163},
  year = 2017
}
@article{li17b,
  author = {D. Li and M. Gurnis and G. Stadler},
  title = {Towards adjoint-based inversion of time-dependent
                  mantle convection with nonlinear viscosity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 209,
  pages = {86-105}
}
@article{li17c,
  title = {Modeling slow-slip segmentation in Cascadia
                  subduction zone constrained by tremor locations and
                  gravity anomalies},
  author = {Li, Duo and Liu, Yajing},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 122,
  pages = {3138--3157},
  year = 2017
}
@article{li17d,
  title = {{The source location of mantle plumes from 3D
                  spherical models of mantle convection}},
  author = {Li, Mingming and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 478,
  pages = {47--57},
  year = 2017
}
@article{li18,
  author = {Li, Shaoyang and Wang, Kelin and Wang, Yanzhao and
                  Jiang, Yan and Dosso, Stan E.},
  title = {Geodetically Inferred Locking State of the
                  {C}ascadia Megathrust Based on a Viscoelastic Earth
                  Model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {8056--8072},
  year = 2018
}
@article{li18b,
  author = {Li, Shaoyang and Bedford, Jonathan and Moreno,
                  Marcos and Barnhart, William D. and Rosenau,
                  Matthias and Oncken, Onno},
  title = {Spatiotemporal Variation of Mantle Viscosity and the
                  Presence of Cratonic Mantle Inferred From 8 Years of
                  Postseismic Deformation Following the 2010 {Maule,
                  Chile, earthquake}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {3272--3285},
  year = 2018
}
@article{li18c,
  title = {Stress rotation across the {C}ascadia megathrust
                  requires a weak subduction plate boundary at
                  seismogenic depths},
  author = {Li, Duo and McGuire, Jeffrey J and Liu, Yajing and
                  Hardebeck, Jeanne L},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 485,
  pages = {55--64},
  year = 2018
}
@article{li23,
  title = {{Extremely large off-fault deformation during the
                  2021 $M_w$ 7.4 Maduo, Tibetan Plateau, Earthquake}},
  author = {Li, Chenglong and Li, Tao and Shan, Xinjian and
                  Zhang, Guohong},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {39--51},
  year = 2023
}
@article{li23b,
  title = {A simple force balance model of subduction
                  initiation},
  author = {Li, Yida and Gurnis, Michael},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 232,
  pages = {128--146},
  year = 2023
}
@article{li24,
  title = {{Resolving the slip-rate inconsistency of the
                  northern Dead Sea fault}},
  author = {Li, Xing and J{\'o}nsson, Sigurj{\'o}n and Liu,
                  Shaozhuo and Ma, Zhangfeng and Castro-Perdomo,
                  Nicol{\'a}s and Cesca, Simone and Masson,
                  Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Klinger, Yann},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {eadj8408},
  year = 2024
}
@article{li87,
  author = {Li, V. C. and Rice, J.R.},
  title = {Crustal Deformation in Great {C}alifornia Earthquake
                  Cycles},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {11533--11551},
  month = {October}
}
@article{li87b,
  author = {Li, V. C. and Seale, S. H. and Cao, T.},
  title = {Postseismic stress and pore pressure readjustment
                  and aftershock distributions},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 144,
  pages = {37--54},
  annote = {coulomb stress, diffusion, pore pressure,
                  aftershocks}
}
@article{li88,
  author = {Li, V. C. and Lim, H. S.},
  title = {Modeling Surface Deformations at Complex Strike-Slip
                  Plate Boundaries},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {7943--7954},
  month = {July}
}
@article{li95,
  author = {Li, X.-D. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Comparison of global waveform inversions with and
                  without considering cross-branch modal coupling},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {695--709}
}
@article{liakopoulou-morris94,
  author = {Liakopoulou-Morris, F. and Main, I. G. and Crawford,
                  B. R. and Smart, B. G. D.},
  title = {Microseismic properties of a homogeneous sandstone
                  during fault nucleation and frictional sliding},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {219--230}
}
@mastersthesis{liao18,
  author = {Liao, K.},
  title = {mpacts of lithospheric rheology on surface
                  topography},
  school = {The University of Texas at Austin},
  year = 2018,
  note = {Available online at \url{hdl.handle.net/2152/68456},
                  accessed 02/2019}
}
@article{libbrecht85,
  author = {Libbrecht, K. G.},
  title = {Practical considerations for the generation of
                  large-order spherical harmonics},
  journal = {Solar Phys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {371--373}
}
@article{libchaber82,
  author = {Libchaber, A. and Laroche, C. and Fauve, S.},
  title = {Period doubling cascade in mercury, a quantitative
                  measurement},
  journal = {J. Physique. Lett.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {L211--L216}
}
@article{libicki05,
  author = {Libicki, E. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Stochastic Branching Models of Fault Surfaces and
                  Estimated Fractal Dimensions},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 162,
  number = {6--7},
  year = 2005
}
@article{lienkaemper06,
  author = {Lienkaemper, J. J. and Baker, B. and McFarland,
                  F. S.},
  title = {Surface Slip Associated with the 2004{ Parkfield,
                  California}, Earthquake Measured on Alinement
                  Arrays},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {239--249}
}
@article{likind07,
  author = {Li, X. and Yuan, X. and Kind, R.},
  title = {The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the
                  western {United States}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {700--710}
}
@article{lin05,
  author = {Lin, G. and Shearer, P.},
  title = {Tests of relative earthquake relocation techniques
                  using synthetic data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B04304},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003380}
}
@article{lin06,
  title = {{Dynamics of thermochemical plumes: 2. Complexity of
                  plume structures and its implications for mapping
                  mantle plumes}},
  author = {Lin, Shu-Chuan and Van Keken, Peter E},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 7,
  number = {Q03003},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001072},
  year = 2006
}
@article{lin07,
  author = {Lin, G. and Shearer, P. M. and Hauksson, E.},
  title = {{Applying a three-dimensional velocity model,
                  waveform cross correlation, and cluster analysis to
                  locate southern California seismicity from 1981 to
                  2005}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B12309},
  doi = {2007JB004986}
}
@article{lin07b,
  author = {Lin, G. and Shearer, P.},
  title = {Estimating local {Vp/Vs} ratios within similar
                  earthquake clusters},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {379--388}
}
@article{lin08a,
  author = {Lin, F.-C. and Ritzwoller, M. H. and Snieder, R.},
  title = {Eikonal tomography: surface wave tomography by
                  phase-front tracking across a regional broad-band
                  seismic array},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 177,
  pages = {1091--1110}
}
@article{lin08b,
  author = {Lin, F.-C. and Moschetti, M. P. and Ritzwoller,
                  M. H.},
  title = {{Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave azimuthal
                  anisotropy in the western United States based on
                  ambient noise cross correlation and Eikonal
                  tomography}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {S24A-02}
}
@article{lin08c,
  author = {Lin, F. and Moschetti, M. P. and Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {Surface wave tomography of the western {United
                  States} from ambient seismic noise: {Rayleigh and
                  Love} wave phase velocity maps},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {281--298}
}
@article{lin09,
  author = {Lin, G. and P. M. Shearer},
  title = {Evidence for water-filled cracks in earthquake
                  source regions},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L17315},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL039098}
}
@article{lin10,
  author = {F.-C. Lin and M. H. Ritzwoller and Y. Yang and
                  M. P. Moschetti and M. J. Fouch},
  title = {{Complex and variable crustal and uppermost mantle
                  seismic anisotropy in the western United States}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO1036}
}
@article{lin11,
  author = {Lin, F. C. and Ritzwoller, M. H. and Yang, Y. and
                  Moschetti, M. P. and Fouch, M. J.},
  title = {Complex and variable crustal and uppermost mantle
                  seismic anisotropy in the western {United States}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {55--61}
}
@article{lin14,
  author = {Lin, Yu-Pin and Zhao, Li and Hung, Shu-Huei},
  title = {{Full-wave multiscale anisotropy tomography in
                  Southern California}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {8809--8817},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL061855},
  year = 2014
}
@article{lin15,
  title = {Location and Size of the Shallow Magma Reservoir
                  beneath {{K\=ilauea}} Caldera, Constraints from
                  near-Source {{Vp}}/{{Vs}} Ratios},
  author = {Lin, Guoqing and Amelung, Falk and Shearer, Peter
                  M. and Okubo, Paul G.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {8349--8357},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.}
}
@article{lin16,
  author = {Lin, P.-Y. P. and Gaherty, J. B. and Jin. G. and
                  Collins, J. A. and Lizarralde, D. and Evans,
                  R. L. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {High-resolution seismic constraints on flow dynamics
                  in the oceanic asthenosphere},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 535,
  pages = {538--541}
}
@article{lin20,
  title = {Spatiotemporal Variations of in Situ {{Vp}}/{{Vs}}
                  Ratio within the {{Salton Sea Geothermal Field}},
                  Southern {{California}}},
  author = {Lin, Guoqing},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 84,
  pages = 101740,
  journal = {Geotherm.}
}
@article{linde02,
  author = {Linde, A. T. and Sachs, I. S. },
  title = {Slow earthquakes and great earthquakes along the
                  {Nankai} trough},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {265--275}
}
@article{linde96,
  title = {{A slow earthquake sequence on the San Andreas
                  fault}},
  author = {Linde, Alan T and Gladwin, Michael T and Johnston,
                  Malcolm JS and Gwyther, Ross L and Bilham, Roger G},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 383,
  pages = {65--68},
  year = 1996
}
@article{lindsey13,
  title = {{Geodetic slip rates in the southern San Andreas
                  Fault system: Effects of elastic heterogeneity and
                  fault geometry}},
  author = {Lindsey, EO and Fialko, Y},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {689--697},
  year = 2013
}
@article{lindsey14,
  author = {Lindsey, E. O. and Fialko, Y. and Bock, Y. and
                  Sandwell, D. T. and Bilham, R.},
  title = {{Localized and distributed creep along the southern
                  San Andreas Fault}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011275}
}
@article{linker92,
  author = {Linker, M. F. and Dieterich, M. F.},
  title = {Effects of variable normal stress on rock friction:
                  observations and constitutive equations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {4923--4940}
}
@article{lisiecki05,
  title = {{A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally
                  distributed benthic $\delta^{18}$O records}},
  author = {Lisiecki, Lorraine E and Raymo, Maureen E},
  journal = {Paleoceanography},
  volume = 20,
  number = {PA1003},
  doi = {10.1029/2004PA001071},
  year = 2005
}
@article{lister72,
  title = {On the thermal balance of a mid-ocean ridge},
  author = {Lister, CRB},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {515--535},
  year = 1972
}
@article{lister75,
  author = {Lister, C. R. B.},
  title = {Gravitational drive on oceanic plates caused by
                  thermal contraction},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 257,
  pages = {663--665}
}
@article{lister77,
  title = {Estimators for heat flow and deep rock properties
                  based on boundary layer theory},
  author = {Lister, CRB},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {157--171},
  year = 1977
}
@article{lister86,
  author = {G. S. Lister and M. A. Etheridge and P. A. Symonds},
  title = {Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive
                  continental margins},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {246--250}
}
@incollection{litasov06,
  author = {Litasov, Konstantin D and Ohtani, Eiji and Sano,
                  Asami},
  title = {Influence of water on major phase transitions in the
                  Earth's mantle},
  booktitle = {Earth's Deep Water Cycle},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 168,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {95--111}
}
@article{lithgow-bertelloni04,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Guynn, J. H.},
  title = {Origin of the lithospheric stress field},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002467}
}
@article{lithgow93,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Richards, M. A. and
                  Ricard, Y. and O'Connell, R. J. and Engebretson,
                  D. C.},
  title = {Toroidal-poloidal partitioning of plate motions
                  since 120 {Ma}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {375--378}
}
@article{lithgow95,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {Cenozoic plate driving forces},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1317--1320}
}
@article{lithgow97,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Cenozoic subsidence and uplift of continents from
                  time-varying dynamic topography},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {735--738}
}
@article{lithgow98,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {The dynamics of {C}enozoic and {M}esozoic plate
                  motions},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {27--78}
}
@article{lithgow98b,
  author = {Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the
                  {A}frican superswell},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 395,
  pages = {269--272}
}
@article{little02,
  author = {Little, T. A. and Savage, M. K. and Tikoff, B.},
  title = {Relationship between crustal finite strain and
                  seismic anisotropy in the mantle,
                  {P}acific-{A}ustralia plate boundary zone, {S}outh
                  {I}sland, {N}ew {Z}ealand},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {106--116}
}
@article{little13,
  author = {Little, T. A. and B. R. Hacker and S. J. Brownlee
                  and G. Seward},
  title = {{Microstructures and quartz lattice-preferred
                  orientations in the eclogite-bearing migmatitic
                  gneisses of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New
                  Guinea}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {2030--2062},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20132}
}
@article{litvak07,
  author = {Litvak, V. and E. Poma and S. M. Kay},
  title = {{P}aleogene and {N}eogene magmatism in the {V}alle
                  del {C}ura region: {N}ew perspective on the
                  evolution of the {P}ampean flat slab, {S}an {J}uan
                  province, {A}rgentina},
  journal = {J. South Am. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {117--137}
}
@article{liu02,
  author = {Liu, Z. and Bird, P.},
  title = {North {A}merica plate is driven westward by lower
                  mantle flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  number = 2164,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL016002}
}
@article{liu03,
  author = {Liu, M. and Yang, Y.},
  title = {Extensional collapse of the {T}ibetan Plateau:
                  Results from three-dimensional finite element
                  modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002248}
}
@article{liu05,
  author = {Liu, Y. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Aseismic slip transients emerge spontaneously in
                  three-dimensional rate and state modeling of
                  subduction earthquake sequences},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B08307},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003424}
}
@article{liu07,
  author = {Liu, M. and Yang, Y. and Li, Q. and Zhang, H.},
  title = {Parallel computing of multi-scale continental
                  deformation in the {Western United States}:
                  preliminary results},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {35--51}
}
@article{liu07b,
  author = {Liu, Y. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Spontaneous and triggered aseismic deformation
                  transients in a subduction fault model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B09404},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB004930}
}
@article{liu08,
  author = {Liu, L. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Simultaneous inversion of mantle properties and
                  initial conditions using an adjoint of mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B08405},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005594}
}
@article{liu08b,
  author = {Liu, L. and Spasojevi{\'{c}}, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Reconstructing Farallon plate subduction beneath
                  North America back to the Late Cretaceous}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 322,
  pages = {934--938}
}
@article{liu09,
  title = {Slow slip predictions based on granite and gabbro
                  friction data compared to {GPS} measurements in
                  northern {C}ascadia},
  author = {Liu, Yajing and Rice, James R},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B09407},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006142},
  year = 2009
}
@article{liu10,
  author = {Liu, L. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Dynamic subsidence and uplift of the Colorado
                  Plateau}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {663--666}
}
@article{liu10b,
  title = {Role of fault gouge dilatancy on aseismic
                  deformation transients},
  author = {Liu, Yajing and Rubin, Allan M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B10414},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007522},
  year = 2010
}
@article{liu10c,
  title = {{Inception of the eastern California shear zone and
                  evolution of the Pacific-North American plate
                  boundary: From kinematics to geodynamics}},
  author = {Liu, Mian and Wang, Hui and Li, Qingsong},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B7},
  year = 2010
}
@article{liu11,
  author = {Liu, K. and Levander, A. and Niu, F. and Miller,
                  M. S.},
  title = {{Imaging crustal and upper mantle structure beneath
                  the Colorado Plateau using finite frequency Rayleigh
                  wave tomography}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003611}
}
@article{liu11c,
  author = {Liu, L. and D. R. Stegman},
  title = {Segmentation of the {Farallon} Slab},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 311,
  pages = {1--10}
}
@article{liu12,
  author = {Liu, L. and Stegman, D. R.},
  title = {{Origin of Columbia River flood basalt controlled by
                  propagating rupture of the Farallon slab}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 482,
  pages = {386--389}
}
@article{liu13b,
  title = {{Seismic imaging of the Southwest Japan arc from the
                  Nankai trough to the Japan Sea}},
  author = {Liu, Xin and Zhao, Dapeng and Li, Sanzhong},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 216,
  pages = {59--73},
  year = 2013
}
@article{liu14,
  author = {Liu, L.},
  title = {Rejuvenation of {A}ppalachian topography caused by
                  subsidence-induced differential erosion},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2014,
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO2187}
}
@article{liu14_sks,
  author = {K. H. Liu and A. Elsheikh and A. Lemnifi and
                  U. Purevsurenand M. Ray and H. Refayee and B. Yang
                  and Y. Yu and S.S. Gao},
  title = {A uniform database of teleseismic shear wave
                  splitting measurements for the western and central
                  {United States}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  note = {10.1002/2014GC005267}
}
@article{liu14c,
  title = {Source scaling relations and along-strike
                  segmentation of slow slip events in a {3-D}
                  subduction fault model},
  author = {Liu, Yajing},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {6512--6533},
  year = 2014
}
@article{liu15,
  author = {Liu, L. and Zhou, Q.},
  title = {Deep recycling of oceanic asthenosphere material
                  during subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {2204--2211},
  month = {10.1002/2015GL063633}
}
@article{liu15b,
  title = {{The ups and downs of North America: Evaluating the
                  role of mantle dynamic topography since the
                  Mesozoic}},
  author = {Liu, Lijun},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 53,
  pages = {1022--1049},
  year = 2015
}
@article{liu16,
  title = {{Farallon plate dynamics prior to the Laramide
                  orogeny: Numerical models of flat subduction}},
  author = {Liu, Sibiao and Currie, Claire A},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 666,
  pages = {33--47},
  year = 2016
}
@article{liu19,
  title = {Influence of upper plate structure on flat-slab
                  depth: {N}umerical modeling of subduction dynamics},
  author = {Liu, Xiaowen and Currie, Claire A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {13150--13167},
  year = 2019
}
@incollection{liu1990,
  author = {Liu, S. and Dixon, J. M.},
  title = {Centrifuge modeling of thrust faulting: Strain
                  partitioning and sequence of thrusting in duplex
                  structures},
  booktitle = {Rheology and Tectonics},
  editor = {Knipe, R. J. and Rutter, E. H.},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub.},
  address = {London},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {431--444},
  year = 1990
}
@article{liu1995,
  author = {Liu, S. and Dixon, J. M.},
  title = {Localization of duplex thrust-ramps by buckling:
                  analog and numerical modeling},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {875--886},
  year = 1995
}
@article{liu20,
  author = {Liu, D. and Duan, B.  and Luo, B.},
  title = {{EQsimu: a 3-D finite element dynamic earthquake
                  simulator for multicycle dynamics of geometrically
                  complex faults governed by rate- and state-dependent
                  friction}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 220,
  pages = {598--609}
}
@article{liu22,
  title = {{Dynamics of the North American plate: Large-scale
                  driving mechanism from far-field slabs and the
                  interpretation of shallow negative seismic
                  anomalies}},
  author = {Liu, Shangxin and King, Scott D},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {{e2021GC009808}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{liu23,
  title = {Learning macroscopic internal variables and history
                  dependence from microscopic models},
  author = {Liu, Burigede and Ocegueda, Eric and Trautner,
                  Margaret and Stuart, Andrew M and Bhattacharya,
                  Kaushik},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Sol.},
  pages = 105329,
  year = 2023
}
@article{liu91,
  author = {Liu, M. and Yuen, D. A. and Zhao, W. and Honda, S.},
  title = {Development of Diapiric Structures in the Upper
                  Mantle Due to Phase Transitions},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 252,
  pages = {1836--1839}
}
@article{liu96,
  author = {Liu, L. and Linde, A. T. and Sacks, I. S. and He,
                  S.},
  title = {Aseismic Fault Slip and Block Deformation in {N}orth
                  {C}hina},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 146,
  annote = {dem, dda, blocks}
}
@article{liu97,
  title = {{Lithospheric strength and intraplate seismicity in
                  the New Madrid seismic zone}},
  author = {Liu, Lanbo and Zoback, Mark D},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {585--595},
  year = 1997
}
@article{liu_bird08,
  author = {Liu, Z. and Bird, P.},
  title = {Kinematic modelling of neotectonics in the
                  Persia-Tibet-Burma orogen},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {779--797}
}
@article{liupark17,
  author = {Liu, Zhen and Park, Jeffrey},
  title = {{Seismic receiver function interpretation: Ps
                  splitting or anisotropic underplating?}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = {{2017}},
  volume = {{208}},
  pages = {{1332--1341}},
  eissn = {{1365-246X}}
}
@article{lliboutry69,
  author = {Lliboutry, L. A.},
  title = {Sea floor spreading, continental drift and
                  lithosphere sinking with an asthenosphere at melting
                  point},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 74,
  pages = {6525--6540}
}
@article{lliboutry71,
  author = {Lliboutry, L. A.},
  title = {Rheological properties of the asthenosphere from
                  {F}ennoscandia data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {1433--1446}
}
@article{lloyd09,
  title = {Mica, deformation fabrics and the seismic properties
                  of the continental crust},
  author = {Lloyd, Geoffrey E and Butler, Robert WH and Casey,
                  Martin and Mainprice, David},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 288,
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {320--328},
  year = 2009
}
@article{lobanov21,
  title = {{Contrasting opacity of bridgmanite and
                  ferropericlase in the lowermost mantle: Implications
                  to radiative and electrical conductivity}},
  author = {Lobanov, Sergey S and Soubiran, Fran{\c{c}}ois and
                  Holtgrewe, Nicholas and Badro, James and Lin,
                  Jung-Fu and Goncharov, Alexander F},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 562,
  pages = 116871,
  year = 2021
}
@article{lockner86,
  title = {Effects of temperature and sliding rate on
                  frictional strength of granite},
  author = {Lockner, DA and Summers, R and Byerlee, JD},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {445--469},
  year = 1986
}
@article{lockner91,
  author = {Lockner, D. and Byerlee, J. D. and Kuksenko, V. and
                  Ponomarev, A. and Sidrin, A.},
  title = {Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy
                  in granite},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 350,
  pages = {39--42}
}
@incollection{lockner92,
  author = {Lockner, D. A. and Byerlee, J. D. and Kuksenko,
                  V. and Ponomarev, A. and Sidrin, A.},
  title = {Observations of quasi-static fault growth from
                  acoustic emissions},
  booktitle = {Fault mechanics and transport properties of rocks},
  pages = {3--31},
  publisher = {Academic},
  year = 1992,
  editor = {Evans, B. and Wong, T.-f.},
  address = {San Diego}
}
@article{lockner93,
  author = {Lockner, D.},
  title = {The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock
                  fracture},
  journal = {Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 30,
  number = 7,
  pages = {883--899}
}
@book{logg12,
  title = {Automated solution of differential equations by the
                  finite element method: The FEniCS book},
  author = {Logg, Anders and Mardal, Kent-Andre and Wells,
                  Garth},
  volume = 84,
  year = 2012,
  publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}
}
@article{lognonne20,
  title = {{Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic
                  structure of Mars from InSight seismic data}},
  author = {Lognonn{\'e}, Philippe and Banerdt, WB and Pike, WT
                  and Giardini, Domenico and Christensen, U and
                  Garcia, Rapha{\"e}l F and Kawamura, T and Kedar, S
                  and Knapmeyer-Endrun, B and Margerin, L and others},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {213--220},
  year = 2020
}
@article{loiselet10,
  author = {Loiselet, C. and J. Braun and L. Husson and C. Le
                  Carlier de Veslud and C. Thieulot and P. Yamato and
                  D. Grujic},
  title = {Subducting slabs: {Jellyfishes} in the {E}arth's
                  mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q08016},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003172}
}
@incollection{lomax00,
  author = {Lomax, A. and Virieux, J. and Volant, P. and Berge,
                  C.},
  title = {{Probabilistic earthquake location in 3D and layered
                  models: Introduction of a Metropolis-Gibbs method
                  and comparison with linear locations}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Seismic Event Location},
  pages = {101--134},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Thurber, C. H. and Rabinowitz, N.},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@article{lomax01,
  author = {Lomax, A. and Zollo, A. and Capuano, P. and Virieux,
                  J.},
  title = {{Precise, absoute earthquake location under
                  Somma-Vesuvius volcano using a new 3D velocity
                  model}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {313--331}
}
@inbook{lomax09,
  author = {Lomax, A. and A. Michelini and A. Curtis},
  title = {Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science},
  chapter = {Earthquake Location, Direct, Global-Search Methods},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2009,
  address = {New York},
  pages = {2449--2473}
}
@article{lomnitz96,
  author = {Lomnitz, C.},
  title = {Search of a Worldwide Catalog for Earthquakes
                  Triggered at Intermediate Distances},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {293--298}
}
@article{londono10,
  author = {Londo{\~{n}}o, J.},
  title = {{Activity and Vp/Vs ratio of volcano-tectonic
                  seismic swarm zones at Nevado del Ruiz volcano,
                  Colombia}},
  journal = {Earth Sci. Res.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {111--124}
}
@article{lonergan97,
  author = {Lonergan, L. and White, N.},
  title = {Origin of the {B}etic-{R}if mountain belt},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {504--522}
}
@article{long05,
  author = {Long, M. D. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Estimating shear-wave splitting parameters from
                  broadband recordings in {J}apan: a comparison of
                  three methods},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {1346--1358}
}
@article{long06,
  author = {Long, M. D. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {{Shear wave splitting from local events beneath the
                  Ryukyu arc: Trench-parallel anisotropy in the mantle
                  wedge}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {300--312}
}
@article{long08,
  author = {Long, M. D. and de Hoop, M. V. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {Wave equation shear wave splitting tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {311--330}
}
@article{long09a,
  author = {Long, M. D. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Shear wave splitting and mantle anisotropy:
                  {M}easurements, interpretations, and new directions},
  journal = {Surv. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {407--461}
}
@article{long09b,
  author = {Long, M. D.},
  title = {Complex anisotropy in {D''} beneath the eastern
                  {Pacific} from {SKS-SKKS} splitting discrepancies},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {181--189}
}
@article{long09c,
  author = {Long, M. D. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {{Mantle flow in subduction systems: The sub-slab
                  flow field and implications for mantle dynamics}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B10312},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006200}
}
@article{long10,
  author = {Long, M. D. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Mantle dynamics and seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 297,
  pages = {341-354}
}
@article{long13,
  author = {Long, M. D. },
  title = {Constraints on subduction geodynamics from seismic
                  anisotropy},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {76--112}
}
@article{long19,
  title = {{Geometry and magnitude of extension in the Basin
                  and Range Province (39 N), Utah, Nevada, and
                  California, USA: Constraints from a province-scale
                  cross section}},
  author = {Long, Sean P},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 131,
  pages = {99--119},
  year = 2019
}
@article{lonsdale05,
  author = {Lonsdale, P.},
  title = {{Creation of the Cocos and Nazca plates by fission
                  of the Farall{\'{o}}n plate}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 404,
  pages = {237--264}
}
@article{loper86,
  title = {Mantle plumes and the periodicity of magnetic field
                  reversals},
  author = {Loper, DE and McCartney, K},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1525--1528},
  year = 1986
}
@article{lopez06,
  author = {L{\'{o}}pez, A. and G. M. Sierra and
                  D. Ram{\'{i}}rez},
  title = {Vulcanismo ne{\'{o}}geno en el suroccidente
                  Antioqueno y sus implicaciones tect{\'{o}}nicas},
  journal = {Bol. Ciencias de la Tierra},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {27--42}
}
@article{lorenz63,
  author = {Lorenz, E. N.},
  title = {Deterministic nonperiodic flow},
  journal = {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 20,
  pages = 130
}
@article{lou14,
  author = {Lou, X. and van der Lee, S.},
  title = {Observed and predicted {North American} teleseismic
                  delay times},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 402,
  pages = {6--15}
}
@article{lourenco16,
  author = {Louren{\c{c}}o, D. L. and Rozel, A. and Tackley,
                  P. J.},
  title = {{Melting-induced crustal production helps plate
                  tectonics on Earth-like planets}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 439,
  pages = {18--28}
}
@book{love27,
  author = {Love, A. E. H.},
  title = {A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1927,
  address = {Cambridge},
  note = {Reprinted in 1944 by Dover Publications, New York}
}
@article{loveless10,
  author = {Loveless, J. P. and Meade, B. J.},
  title = {Geodetic imaging of plate motions, slip rates, and
                  partitioning of deformation in {J}apan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B02410},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006248}
}
@article{loveless11,
  author = {Loveless, J. P. and Meade, B. J.},
  title = {Stress modulation on the {San Andreas} fault due to
                  interseismic fault system interactions},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {1035--1038}
}
@article{loveless16,
  author = {Loveless, J. P. and Meade, B. J.},
  title = {Two decades of spatiotemporal variations in
                  subduction zone coupling offshore {J}apan},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 436,
  pages = {19--30}
}
@article{lowman96,
  author = {Lowman, J. P. and Jarvis, G. T.},
  title = {{Continental collisions in wide aspect ratio and
                  high Rayleigh number two-dimensional mantle
                  convection models}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25485--25497}
}
@article{lowman99,
  author = {Lowman, J. P. and Jarvis, G. T.},
  title = {Effects of mantle heat source distribution on
                  supercontinent stability},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {12733--12746}
}
@article{lowry00,
  author = {Lowry, A. R. and Ribe, N. M. and Smith, R. B.},
  title = {Dynamic elevation of the {Cordillera, western United
                  States}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {23371--23390}
}
@article{lowry11,
  author = {Lowry, A. R. and P{\'{e}}rez-Gussiny{\'{e}}, M.},
  title = {The role of crustal quartz in controlling
                  {C}ordilleran deformation},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 471,
  pages = {353--357}
}
@article{lowry95,
  author = {Lowry, A. R. and Smith, R. B.},
  title = {{Strength and rheology of the western
                  U.S. Cordillera}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {17947--17963}
}
@article{loyd07,
  author = {Loyd, S. J. and Becker, T. W. and Conrad, C. P. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Corsetti, F. A.},
  title = {Time-variability in {Cenozoic} reconstructions of
                  mantle heat flow: plate tectonic cycles and
                  implications for {Earth}'s thermal evolution},
  journal = {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {14266--14271}
}
@article{lu19,
  title = {TX2019slab: A new P and S tomography model
                  incorporating subducting slabs},
  author = {Lu, Chang and Grand, Stephen P and Lai, Hongyu and
                  Garnero, Edward J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {11549--11567},
  year = 2019
}
@article{lu19b,
  title = {Quartz flow law revisited: the significance of
                  pressure dependence of the activation enthalpy},
  author = {Lu, Lucy X and Jiang, Dazhi},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  number = 1,
  pages = {241--256},
  year = 2019
}
@article{lu20,
  title = {The sensitivity of joint inversions of seismic and
                  geodynamic data to mantle viscosity},
  author = {Lu, Chang and Forte, Alessandro M and Simmons,
                  Nathan A and Grand, Stephen P and Kajan, Marie N and
                  Lai, Hongyu and Garnero, Edward J},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {{e2019GC008648}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{lucente99,
  author = {Lucente, F. P. and Ciarabba, C. and Cimini,
                  G. B. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Tomographic constraints on the geodynamic evolution
                  of the {I}talian region},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {20307--20327}
}
@article{luke72,
  author = {Luke, J. C.},
  title = {Mathematical models for landform evolution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {2460--2464}
}
@article{lund20,
  author = {Lund Snee, J.-E. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {{Multiscale variations of the crustal stress field
                  throughout North America}},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 11,
  number = 1951
}
@article{lundgren,
  author = {Lundren, P. and others},
  title = {Alaska Crustal Deformation: Finite Element Modeling
                  Constrained by Geologic and Very Long Baseline
                  Interferometry Data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {22033 -- 22045},
  month = {November}
}
@article{luo18,
  title = {Stability of faults with heterogeneous friction
                  properties and effective normal stress},
  author = {Luo, Yingdi and Ampuero, Jean-Paul},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 733,
  pages = {257--272},
  year = 2018
}
@article{luo21,
  author = {Luo, H. and Wang, K},
  title = {Postseismic geodetic signature of cold forearc
                  mantle in subduction zones},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2021,
  doi = {10.1038/s41561-020-00679-9}
}
@article{luo218,
  title = {Stability of faults with heterogeneous friction
                  properties and effective normal stress},
  author = {Luo, Yingdi and Ampuero, Jean-Paul},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 733,
  pages = {257--272},
  year = 2018
}
@article{luo22,
  author = {Luo, H. and Wang, K.},
  title = {Finding simplicity in the complexity of postseismic
                  coastal uplift and subsidence following great
                  subduction earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2022,
  doi = {10.1029/2022JB024471}
}
@article{lusk21,
  author = {Lusk, Alexander D. J. and Platt, John P. and Platt,
                  Jason A.},
  title = {Natural and Experimental Constraints on a Flow Law
                  for Dislocation-Dominated Creep in Wet Quartz},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 5,
  pages = {{e2020JB021302}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB021302},
  year = 2021
}
@inproceedings{luttrell12,
  author = {Luttrell, K. and Smith-Konter, B. and Sandwell,
                  D. T.},
  title = {{Investigating absolute stress in southern
                  California: How well do stress models of compensated
                  topography and fault loading match earthquake focal
                  mechanisms?}},
  booktitle = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual Meeting
                  2012 Program},
  pages = {121--122},
  year = 2012,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2012am/SCECProceedingsXXII_2012.pdf},
                  accessed 10/2013}
}
@article{luttrell17,
  title = {{Limits on crustal differential stress in southern
                  California from topography and earthquake focal
                  mechanisms}},
  author = {Luttrell, Karen and Smith-Konter, Bridget},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 211,
  pages = {472--482},
  year = 2017
}
@article{luttrell21,
  author = {Luttrell, Karen and Hardebeck, Jeanne},
  title = {A Unified Model of Crustal Stress Heterogeneity From
                  Borehole Breakouts and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 2,
  pages = {{e2020JB020817}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020817},
  year = 2021
}
@article{luyendyk1991,
  author = {Luyendyk, B. P.},
  title = {A model for neogene crustal rotations, transtension,
                  and transpression in southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {1528--1536},
  year = 1991
}
@article{luyendyk70,
  author = {Luyendyk, B. P.},
  title = {Dip of downgoing lithospheric plates beneath island
                  arcs},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {3411--3416}
}
@article{lyakhovsky01,
  author = {Lyakhovsky, V. and Ben-Zion, Y. and Agnon, A.},
  title = {Earthquake Cycle, Fault Zones, and Seismicity
                  Patterns in a Rheologically Layered Lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {4103--4120}
}
@article{lyakhovsky05,
  title = {A viscoelastic damage rheology and rate-and
                  state-dependent friction},
  author = {Lyakhovsky, Vladimir and Ben-Zion, Yehuda and Agnon,
                  Amotz},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 161,
  pages = {179--190},
  year = 2005
}
@article{lyakhovsky21,
  title = {Effective seismic wave velocities and attenuation in
                  partially molten rocks},
  author = {Lyakhovsky, Vladimir and Shalev, Eyal and Kurzon,
                  Ittai and Zhu, Wenlu and Montesi, Laurent and
                  Shapiro, Nikolai M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 572,
  pages = 117117,
  year = 2021
}
@article{lyakhovsky97,
  author = {Lyakhovsky, V. Y. and Ben-Zion and A. Agnon},
  title = {Distributed damage, faulting, and friction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {27635--27649}
}
@article{lyon83,
  title = {{Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from
                  an analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural
                  model of the lithosphere}},
  author = {Lyon-Caen, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Molnar, Peter},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {8171--8191},
  year = 1983
}
@article{lyubetskaya07,
  title = {{Chemical composition of Earth's primitive mantle
                  and its variance: 1. Method and results}},
  author = {Lyubetskaya, Tanya and Korenaga, Jun},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004223},
  volume = 112,
  number = {B03211},
  year = 2007
}
@article{lyzenga91,
  author = {Lyzenga, G. A. and Raefsky, A. and Mulligan, S. G.},
  title = {Models of Recurrent Strike-Slip Earthquake Cycles
                  and the State of Crustal Stress},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {21623--21640}
}
@article{ma15,
  author = {Ma, Z. T. and Masters, G.},
  title = {Effect of earthquake locations on {R}ayleigh wave
                  azimuthal anisotropy models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {1319--1333}
}
@article{ma19,
  title = {Dynamic Wedge Failure and Along-Arc Variations of
                  Tsunamigenesis in the {J}apan Trench Margin},
  author = {Ma, Shuo and Nie, Shiying},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {8782--8790},
  year = 2019
}
@article{ma19b,
  author = {Ma, Z. and Dalton, C. A.},
  title = {{Evidence for dehydration-modulated small-scale
                  convection in the oceanic upper mantle from seafloor
                  bathymetry and Rayleigh wave phase velocity}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 510,
  pages = {12--25}
}
@article{ma94,
  author = {Ma, X. Q. and Kuznir, N. J.},
  title = {Coseismic and Postseismic Subsurface Displacements
                  and Strains for a vertical Strike-slip Fault in a
                  Three-layer Elastic Medium},
  annotate = {fault, dislocation, layered media},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {705ff.}
}
@article{macdonald92,
  title = {{The East Pacific Rise and its flanks
                  8--18$^\circ$N: History of segmentation, propagation
                  and spreading direction based on SeaMARC II and Sea
                  Beam studies}},
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Fox, P J and Miller, S and
                  Carbotte, S and Edwards, M H and Eisen, M and
                  Fornari, D J and Perram, L and Pockalny, R and
                  Scheirer, D and Tighe, S and Weiland, S and Wilson,
                  D},
  journal = {Marine Geophys. Res.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {299--344},
  year = 1992
}
@article{macdougall12,
  author = {MacDougall, J. G. and Fischer, K. M. and Anderson,
                  M. L.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy above and below the subducting
                  {Nazca} lithosphere in southern {South America}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009538},
  year = 2012,
  number = {B12306}
}
@article{macdougall14,
  author = {MacDougall, J. G. and Kincaid, C. and Szwaja, S. and
                  Fischer, K. M.},
  title = {The impact of slab dip variations, gaps and rollback
                  on mantle wedge flow: insights from fluids
                  experiments},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 197,
  pages = {705--730}
}
@article{machetel91,
  title = {Intermittent layered convection in a model mantle
                  with an endothermic phase change at 670 km},
  author = {Machetel, Philippe and Weber, Patrice},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 350,
  pages = {55--57},
  year = 1991
}
@article{machetel95,
  author = {Machetel, P. and Thoraval, C. and Brunet, D.},
  title = {Spectral and geophysical consequences of {3-D}
                  spherical mantle convection with an endothermic
                  phase change at the 670 km discontinuity},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {43--51}
}
@article{mackenzie10,
  author = {L. S. MacKenzie and G. A. Abers and S. Rondenay and
                  K. M. Fischer},
  title = {{Imaging a steeply dipping subducting slab in
                  Southern Central America}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {459--468}
}
@article{madansky59,
  title = {The fitting of straight lines when both variables
                  are subject to error},
  author = {Madansky, Albert},
  journal = {J. Amer. Stat. Assoc.},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {173--205},
  year = 1959
}
@article{madariaga76,
  author = {Madariaga, R.},
  title = {Dynamics of an Expanding Circular Fault},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {636--666}
}
@article{madariaga98,
  author = {Madariaga, R. and Olsen, K. and Archuleta, R. },
  title = {Modeling dynamic rupture in a {3D} earthquake fault
                  model},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {1182--1197}
}
@inproceedings{madden17,
  author = {Madden, Elizabeth H and Ulrich, Thomas and Gabriel,
                  Alice-Agnes and van Zelst, Iris and van Dinther,
                  Ylona },
  title = {The role of splay faults in seafloor deformation and
                  tsunami generation during the {M}w 9.1-9.3
                  {S}umatra-{A}ndaman Earthquake},
  booktitle = {19th EGU General Assembly},
  year = 2017,
  pages = 16862,
  address = {Vienna, Austria}
}
@article{madden19,
  title = {Methods and Test Cases for Linking Physics-Based
                  Earthquake and Tsunami Models},
  author = {Madden, Elizabeth and Bader, Michael and Behrens,
                  J{\"o}rn and van Dinther, Ylona and Gabriel,
                  Alice-Agnes and Rannabauer, Leonhard and Ulrich,
                  Thomas and Uphoff, Carsten and Vater, Stefan and
                  Wollherr, Stephanie and van Zelst, Iris},
  year = 2019,
  doi = {10.31223/osf.io/rzvn2},
  journal = {EarthArXiv}
}
@article{madden20,
  title = {Linked {3D} modeling of megathrust
                  earthquake-tsunami events: from subduction to
                  tsunami run up},
  author = {Madden, E H and Bader, M and Behrens, J and van
                  Dinther, Y and Gabriel, A-A and Rannabauer, L and
                  Ulrich, T and Uphoff, C and Vater, S and van Zelst,
                  I},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 224,
  pages = {487-516},
  year = 2020
}
@unpublished{maechlin06,
  author = {Maechlin, P.},
  title = {{SCEC/CME CyberShake Project}},
  note = {University of Southern California, Los Angeles
                  CA. Online at
                  \url{epicenter.usc.edu/cmeportal/CyberShake.html},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{maggi06,
  author = {Maggi, A. and Debayle, E. and Priestley, K. and
                  Barruol, G.},
  title = {Azimuthal anisotropy of the {P}acific region},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 250,
  pages = {53--71}
}
@article{maggi06b,
  author = {Maggi, A. and Debayle, E. and Priestley, K. and
                  Barruol, G.},
  title = {Multimode surface waveform tomography of the Pacific
                  Ocean: a closer look at the lithospheric cooling
                  signature},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {1384--1397}
}
@article{magistrale00,
  author = {Magistrale, H. and S. Day and R. Clayton and
                  R. Graves},
  title = {The {SCEC} southern {C}alifornia reference
                  three-dimensional seismic velocity model version 2},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {65--76}
}
@article{magistrale96,
  author = {Magistrale, H. and Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {The central and southern {E}lsinore fault zone,
                  southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1793--1803}
}
@article{magnani09,
  author = {Magnani, M. B. and C. A. Zelt and A. Levander and
                  M. Schmitz},
  title = {{Crustal structure of the South American–Caribbean
                  plate boundary at 67$^\circ$W from controlled source
                  seismic data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B02312},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005817}
}
@article{magni12,
  title = {Numerical models of slab migration in continental
                  collision zones},
  author = {Magni, V V and van Hunen, J and Funiciello, F and
                  Faccenna, C},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {293--306},
  year = 2012
}
@article{magni14,
  title = {{How collision triggers backarc extension: Insight
                  into Mediterranean style of extension from 3-D
                  numerical models}},
  author = {Magni, Valentina and Faccenna, Claudio and van
                  Hunen, Jeroen and Funiciello, Francesca},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {511--514},
  year = 2014
}
@article{main89,
  title = {A reinterpretation of the precursory seismic
                  $b$-value anomaly from fracture mechanics},
  author = {Main, I. G. and Meredith, P. G. and Jones, C. A.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {131--138}
}
@article{main90,
  author = {I. G. Main and P. G. Meredith and P. R. Sammonds and
                  C. Jones},
  title = {Influence of fractal flaw distributions on rock
                  deformation in the brittle field},
  year = 1990,
  journal = {Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {81--96}
}
@article{main92,
  author = {Main, I. G. and Meredith, P. G. and Sammonds, P. R.},
  title = {Temporal variations in seismic event rate and
                  $b$-values from stress corrosion constitutive laws},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {233--246}
}
@article{main96,
  author = {I. G. Main},
  title = {Statistical physics, seismogenesis, and seismic
                  hazard},
  year = 1996,
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {433--462}
}
@incollection{mainprice00,
  author = {Mainprice, D. and Barruol, G. and Ben Ismail, W.},
  title = {The seimic anisotropy of the {E}arth's Mantle: From
                  single crystal to polycrystal},
  booktitle = {Earth's deep interior. Mineral physics and
                  tomography from the atomic to the global scale},
  pages = {237--264},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Karato, S.-i. and Forte, A. M. and Liebermann,
                  R. C. and Masters, G. and Stixrude, L.},
  volume = 117,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{mainprice05,
  author = {Mainprice, D. and Tommasi, A. and Couvy, H. and
                  Cordier, P. and J. Frost, N. J},
  title = {Pressure sensitivity of olivine slip systems and
                  seismic anisotropy of {E}arth's upper mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 433,
  pages = {731--733}
}
@incollection{mainprice07,
  author = {Mainprice, D.},
  title = {{Seismic anisotropy of the deep Earth from a mineral
                  and rock physics perspective}},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 2,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.},
  pages = {437--492}
}
@article{mainprice89,
  author = {Mainprice, D. and Nicholas, A.},
  title = {Development of shape and lattice preferred
                  orientations: application to the seismic anisotropy
                  of the lower crust},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {175--189}
}
@article{mainprice93,
  author = {Mainprice, D. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Interpretation of {SKS}-waves using samples from the
                  subcontinental mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {257--280}
}
@unpublished{mainprice96,
  author = {Mainprice, D.},
  title = {Modelling the anisotropic seismic properties of
                  partially molten rocks found at {M}ide-ocean
                  {R}idges},
  note = {Adolphe Nicolas Special Volume, Tectonophys.,
                  accepted},
  year = 1996
}
@article{mainprice97,
  author = {Mainprice, D.},
  title = {Modelling the anisotropic seismic properties of
                  partially molten rocks found at mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 279,
  pages = {161--179}
}
@article{mair02,
  author = {Mair, K. and Frye, K. M. and Marone, C.},
  title = {Influence of grain characteristics on the friction
                  of granular shear zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = 2219,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000516}
}
@article{mair07,
  author = {Mair, K. and Marone, C. and Young, R. P.},
  title = {Rate Dependence of Acoustic Emissions Generated
                  during Shear of Simulated Fault Gouge},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1841--1849}
}
@article{malevsky92,
  title = {Strongly chaotic non-{N}ewtonian mantle convection},
  author = {Malevsky, Andrei V and Yuen, David A},
  journal = {Geophys. \& Astrophys. Fluid Dyn.},
  volume = 65,
  pages = {149--171},
  year = 1992
}
@article{malin89,
  author = {P. E. Malin and S. N. Blakeslee and M. G. Alvarez
                  and A. J. Martin},
  title = {Microearthquake Imaging of the {P}arkfield Asperity},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 244,
  pages = {557--559}
}
@article{malinverno86,
  author = {Malinverno, A. and Ryan, W.},
  title = {Extension in the {T}yrrhenian sea and shortening in
                  the {A}pennines as result of arc migration driven by
                  sinking of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {227--245}
}
@article{mallard16,
  author = {C. Mallard and N. Coltice and M. Seton and
                  R. D. M{\"{u}}ller and P. J. Tackley},
  title = {Subduction controls the distribution and
                  fragmentation of {E}arth's tectonic plates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 535,
  pages = {140--143}
}
@article{mallick22,
  title = {On the choice and implications of rheologies that
                  maintain kinematic and dynamic consistency over the
                  entire earthquake cycle},
  author = {Mallick, Rishav and Lambert, Valere and Meade,
                  Brendan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 127,
  number = 9,
  pages = {{e2022JB024683}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{malusa11,
  title = {Divergence in subduction zones and exhumation of
                  high pressure rocks {(Eocene Western Alps)}},
  author = {Malus{\`a}, Marco G and Faccenna, Claudio and
                  Garzanti, Eduardo and Polino, Riccardo},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 310,
  pages = {21--32},
  year = 2011
}
@article{malusa21,
  title = {{The deep structure of the Alps based on the CIFALPS
                  seismic experiment: A synthesis}},
  author = {Malus{\`a}, Marco Giovani and Guillot, St{\'e}phane
                  and Zhao, Liang and Paul, Anne and Solarino, Stefano
                  and Dumont, Thierry and Schwartz, Stephane and
                  Aubert, Coralie and Baccheschi, Paola and Eva, Elena
                  and others},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 22,
  number = 3,
  pages = {{e2020GC009466}},
  year = 2021
}
@book{malvern77,
  author = {Malvern, L. E.},
  title = {Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous
                  Medium},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = 1977
}
@article{mambole02,
  author = {Mambole, A. and L. Fleitout},
  title = {Petrological layering induced by an endothermic
                  phase transition in the {Earth's} mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  number = 22,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL014674}
}
@article{mamyrin69,
  author = {B.A. Mamyrin and I.N. Tolstikhin and G.S. Anufriev
                  and I.L.  Kamanskiy},
  title = {Anomalous isotopic composition of helium in volcanic
                  gases},
  journal = {Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {1197--1199}
}
@article{mancinelli16,
  title = {Constraints on the heterogeneity spectrum of Earth's
                  upper mantle},
  author = {Mancinelli, Nicholas and Shearer, Peter and Liu,
                  Qinya},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {3703--3721},
  year = 2016
}
@article{mancinelli17,
  author = {Mancinelli, N. J. and Fischer, K. M. and Dalton,
                  C. A.},
  title = {A global search for the cratonic
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = {submitted}
}
@book{manduca04,
  author = {Manduca, K. and Mogk, D. and Stillings, N.},
  title = {Bringing Research On Learning to the Geosciences},
  publisher = {Carleton College},
  year = 2004,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{serc.carleton.edu/files/research_on_learning/ROL0304_2004.pdf},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  address = {Northfiled MN}
}
@article{manea07,
  author = {Manea, V. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Subduction zone evolution and low viscosity wedges
                  and channels},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 264,
  pages = {22--45}
}
@article{manea10,
  author = {V. C. Manea and M. Manea},
  title = {{Flat-slab thermal structure and evolution beneath
                  Central Mexico}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {1475--1487}
}
@article{manea12,
  author = {Manea, V. C. and P{\'{e}}rez-Gussiny{\'{e}}, M. and
                  Manea, M.},
  title = {{Chilean flat slab subduction controlled by
                  overriding plate thickness and trench rollback}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {35--38}
}
@article{manea14,
  author = {Manea, V. C. and Leeman, W. P. and Gerya, T. and
                  Manea, M. and Zhu, G.},
  title = {Subduction of fracture zones controls mantle melting
                  and geochemical signature above slabs},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 5,
  number = 5095,
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms6095}
}
@article{manga93,
  title = {The interaction of plume heads with compositional
                  discontinuities in the {E}arth's mantle},
  author = {Manga, Michael and Stone, Howard A and O'Connell,
                  Richard J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {19979--19990},
  year = 1993
}
@article{manga95,
  author = {Manga, M. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {The tectosphere and postglacial rebound},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1949--1952}
}
@article{manga96,
  author = {Manga, M.},
  title = {Mixing of heterogeneities in the mantle: effect of
                  viscosity differences},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {403--406}
}
@article{manga97,
  author = {Manga, M.},
  title = {Interactions between mantle diapirs},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1871--1874}
}
@article{manga99,
  title = {{Experimental study of non-Boussinesq
                  Rayleigh--B{\'e}nard convection at high Rayleigh and
                  Prandtl numbers}},
  author = {Manga, Michael and Weeraratne, Dayanthie},
  journal = {Phys. Fluids},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {2969--2976},
  year = 1999
}
@article{mangeney96,
  author = {Mangeney, A. and Califano, F. and Castelnau, O.},
  title = {Isothermal flow of an anisotropic ice sheet in the
                  vicinity of an ice divide},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {28189--28204}
}
@article{manighetti21,
  title = {Fault trace corrugation and segmentation as a
                  measure of fault structural maturity},
  author = {Manighetti, I and Mercier, Antoine and De Barros,
                  Louis},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {e2021GL095372},
  year = 2021
}
@article{mannu17,
  title = {Stratigraphic signatures of forearc basin formation
                  mechanisms},
  author = {Mannu, Utsav and Ueda, Kosuke and Willett, Sean D
                  and Gerya, Taras V and Strasser, Michael},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {2388--2410},
  year = 2017
}
@article{manthilake11,
  title = {{Lattice thermal conductivity of lower mantle
                  minerals and heat flux from Earth's core}},
  author = {Manthilake, Geeth M and de Koker, Nico and Frost,
                  Dan J and McCammon, Catherine A},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 108,
  pages = {17901--17904},
  year = 2011
}
@incollection{mantilla09,
  title = {{Configuration of the Colombian Caribbean Margin:
                  Constraints from 2D seismic reflection data and
                  potential fields interpretation}},
  author = {Mantilla-Pimiento, Adriana Maria and Jentzsch,
                  Gerhard and Kley, Jonas and Alfonso-Pava, Carlos},
  booktitle = {Subduction Zone Geodynamics},
  editor = {Funiciello, F. and Lallemand, S.},
  pages = {247--272},
  year = 2009,
  series = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{mantovani04,
  title = {{Antineutrinos from Earth: A reference model and its
                  uncertainties}},
  author = {Mantovani, Fabio and Carmignani, Luigi and
                  Fiorentini, Gianni and Lissia, Marcello},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = 69,
  pages = 013001,
  year = 2004
}
@article{mao17,
  author = {Mao, X. and Gurnis, M. and May, D. A.},
  title = {Subduction initiation with vertical lithospheric
                  heterogeneities and new fault formation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {11349--11356},
  doi = {10.1002/2017GL0753}
}
@article{mao19,
  title = {Controls on global mantle convective structures and
                  their comparison with seismic models},
  author = {Mao, Wei and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {9345--9372},
  year = 2019
}
@article{mao21,
  author = {Mao, W. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Constraints on Mantle Viscosity From Intermediate-
                  Wavelength Geoid Anomalies in Mantle Convection
                  Models With Plate Motion History},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2020JB021561}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB021561}
}
@article{marco96,
  title = {{Long-term earthquake clustering: A 50,000-year
                  paleoseismic record in the Dead Sea Graben}},
  author = {Marco, Shmuel and Stein, Mordechai and Agnon, Amotz
                  and Ron, Hagai},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {6179--6191},
  year = 1996
}
@article{marder23,
  title = {Cracks break the sound barrier},
  author = {Marder, Michael},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 381,
  pages = {375--376},
  year = 2023
}
@article{marder96,
  author = {Marder, M.},
  title = {Energetic developments in fracture},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 381
}
@book{mardia99,
  author = {Mardia, K. V. and Jupp, P. E.},
  title = {Directional Statistics},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 1999,
  address = {Chichester, West Sussex},
  edition = 2
}
@phdthesis{marin-ceron07,
  author = {Mar{\'{i}}n-Cer{\'{o}}n, M.},
  title = {{Major, trace element and multi-isotopic systematics
                  of SW Colombian volcanic arc, northern Andes,
                  implication for the stability of carbonate-rich
                  sediment at subduction zone and the genesis of
                  andesite magma}},
  school = {Okayama University},
  year = 2007
}
@article{marjanovic14,
  title = {{A multi-sill magma plumbing system beneath the axis
                  of the East Pacific Rise}},
  author = {Marjanovi{\'c}, Milena and Carbotte, Suzanne M and
                  Carton, Helene and Nedimovi{\'c}, Mladen R and
                  Mutter, John C and Canales, Juan Pablo},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {825--829},
  year = 2014
}
@article{marone07,
  author = {Marone, F. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {The depth distribution of azimuthal anisotropy in
                  the continental upper mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 447,
  pages = {198--201}
}
@article{marone07b,
  author = {Marone, F. and Gung, Y. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional radial anisotropic structure of
                  the North American upper mantle from inversion of
                  surface waveform data}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {206--222}
}
@article{marone08,
  author = {Marone, C. and Carpenter, B. M. and Schiffer, D.},
  title = {Transition from rolling to jamming in thin granular
                  layers},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 101,
  number = 248001,
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.248001}
}
@incollection{marone15,
  author = {Marone, C. and D. M. Saffer},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  title = {The mechanics of frictional healing and slip
                  instability during the seismic cycle},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  edition = 2,
  pages = {111--138}
}
@article{marone95,
  author = {Marone, C. and Vidale, J. E. and Ellsworth, W.},
  title = {Fault healing inferred from the time dependent
                  variations in source properties of repeating
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {3095--3098}
}
@article{marone98,
  author = {Marone, C.},
  title = {Laboratory-Derived Friction Laws and Their
                  Application to Seismic Faulting},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {643--696}
}
@article{marone98b,
  author = {Marone, C.},
  title = {The effect of loading rate on static friction and
                  the rate of fault healing during the earthquake
                  cycle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 391,
  pages = {69--72}
}
@article{marotta95,
  author = {Marotta, A. M. and Sabadini, R.},
  title = {The style of {T}yrrhenian subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {747--750}
}
@article{marotta98,
  author = {Marotta, A. M. and Mongelli, F.},
  title = {Flexure of subducted slabs},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {701--711}
}
@article{marquart00a,
  author = {Marquart, G. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Interaction of small mantle plumes with the
                  spinel-perovskite phase boundary: implications for
                  chemical mixing},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 177,
  pages = {241--254},
  year = 2000
}
@article{marquart00b,
  author = {Marquart, G. and Schmeling, H. and Ito, G. and
                  Schott, B.},
  title = {Conditions for plumes to penetrate the mantle phase
                  boundaries},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {5679--5693},
  year = 2000
}
@article{marquart01,
  author = {Marquart, G.},
  title = {On the geometry of mantle flow beneath drifting
                  lithospheric plates},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 144,
  pages = {356--372},
  year = 2001
}
@article{marquart07,
  author = {Marquart, G. and Schmeling, H. and {\v {C}}adek, O.},
  title = {Dynamic models for mantle flow and seismic
                  anisotropy in the {N}orth {A}tlantic region and
                  comparison with observations},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2006GC001359}
}
@article{marquart99,
  author = {Marquart, G. and Schmeling, H. and Braun, A.},
  title = {Small-scale instabilities below the cooling oceanic
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 138,
  pages = {655--666},
  year = 1999
}
@book{marquart_finel,
  author = {Marquart, G.},
  title = {{\tt FINEL}: {M}odifizierter {F}inite {E}lemente
                  {C}ode von \cite{zienkiewicz}},
  publisher = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Meteorologie und Geophysik der
                  Universit{\"{a}}t {F}rankfurt am {M}ain},
  year = 1995
}
@article{marroni92,
  author = {Marroni, M. and Monechi, S. and Perilli, N. and
                  Principi, G. and Treves, B.},
  title = {Late {C}retaceous flysch deposits of the {N}orthern
                  {A}pennines {I}taly: age of inception of
                  orogenesis-controlled sedimentation},
  journal = {Cretaceous Res.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {487--504}
}
@article{marsan05,
  author = {Marsan, D.},
  title = {The role of small earthquakes in redistributing
                  crustal elastic stress},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {141--151}
}
@article{marshall09,
  author = {Marshall, S. T. and Cooke, M. L. and Owen, S. E.},
  title = {{Interseismic deformation associated with
                  three-dimensional faults in the Greater Los Angeles
                  region, California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B12403},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006439}
}
@article{marshall95,
  title = {{Quaternary uplift and seismic cycle deformation,
                  Peninsula de Nicoya, Costa Rica}},
  author = {Marshall, Jeffrey S and Anderson, Robert S},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 107,
  pages = {463--473},
  year = 1995
}
@article{martin-short15,
  author = {Martin-Short, R. and Allen, R. M. and Bastow,
                  I. D. and Totten, E. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {{Mantle flow geometry from ridge to trench beneath
                  the Gorda-Juan de Fuca plate system}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {965--968}
}
@article{martin08,
  title = {Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life},
  author = {Martin, William and Baross, John and Kelley, Deborah
                  and Russell, Michael J},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Microbio.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {805--814},
  year = 2008
}
@article{martin23,
  author = {Martin, Craig R. and Jagoutz, Oliver and Upadhyay,
                  Rajeev and van Tongeren, Jill A. and Mueller, Paul
                  A. and Weiss, Benjamin P.},
  title = {Paleomagnetic Constraint on the Age of the {Shyok
                  Suture Zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  number = 10,
  pages = {e2022JB026137},
  year = 2023
}
@article{martinec01,
  author = {Martinec, Z. and {\v {C}}adek, O. and Fleitout, L.},
  title = {Can the {1D} viscosity profiles inferred from
                  postglacial rebound data be affected by lateral
                  viscosity variations in the tectosphere?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {4403--4406}
}
@article{martinec93,
  author = {Martinec, Z. and Matyska, C. and {\v {C}}adek,
                  O. and Hrdina, P.},
  title = {The {S}tokes problem with {3-D} {N}ewtonian rheology
                  in a sphericall shell},
  journal = {Comp. Phys. Comm.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {63--79}
}
@article{martinod00,
  title = {Continental collision, gravity spreading, and
                  kinematics of Aegea and Anatolia},
  author = {Martinod, Joseph and Hatzfeld, Denis and Brun,
                  Jean-Pierre and Davy, Philippe and Gautier, Pierre},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {290--299},
  year = 2000
}
@article{martinod10,
  author = {Martinod, J. and Husson, L. and Roperch, P. and
                  Guillaume, B. and Espurt, N.},
  title = {Horizontal subduction zones, convergence velocity
                  and the building of the {Andes}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 299,
  pages = {299--309}
}
@article{martinod92,
  author = {Martinod, J. and Davy, P.},
  title = {Periodic instabilities during compression or
                  extension of the lithosphere. 1. {D}eformation modes
                  from an analytical perturbation method},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1999--2014}
}
@article{martinod94,
  author = {Martinod, J. and Davy, P.},
  title = {Periodic instabilities during compression or
                  extension of the lithosphere. 2. {A}nalogue
                  experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {12057--12069}
}
@article{marton99,
  title = {Effects of slab mineralogy on subduction rates},
  author = {Marton, Frederic C and Bina, Craig R and Stein, Seth
                  and Rubie, David C},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {119--122},
  year = 1999
}
@article{marty89,
  author = {Marty, J. C. and Cazenave, A.},
  title = {Regional variations in subsidence rate of oceanic
                  plates: a global analysis},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {301--315}
}
@article{maruyama17,
  author = {Maruyama, G. and Hiraga, T.},
  title = {Grain- to multiple-grain-scale deformation processes
                  during diffusion creep of forsterite $+$ diopside
                  aggregate: 2. {G}rain boundary sliding-induced grain
                  rotation and its role in crystallographic preferred
                  orientation in rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  doi = {10.1002/2017JB014255},
  pages = {5916--5934}
}
@article{maruyama63,
  author = {Maruyama, T.},
  title = {On the force equivalents of dynamic elastic
                  dislocations with reference to the earthquake
                  mechanism},
  journal = {Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {467--486}
}
@article{marx69,
  title = {Geophysics by neutrinos},
  author = {Marx, G},
  journal = {Czechoslovak J. Physics B},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1471--1479},
  year = 1969
}
@article{marzocchi09,
  author = {Marzocchi, W. and Sandri, L.},
  title = {A review and new insights on the estimation of the
                  b-value and its uncertainty},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 46,
  pages = {1271--1282}
}
@article{marzocchi16,
  author = {W. Marzocchi and L. Sandri and A. Heuret and
                  F. Funiciello},
  title = {Where giant earthquakes may come},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {7322--7336},
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013054}
}
@article{mason17,
  author = {Mason, Cody C. and Spotila, James A. and Axen, Gary
                  and Dorsey, Rebecca J. and Luther, Amy and Stockli,
                  Daniel F.},
  title = {{Two-Phase Exhumation of the Santa Rosa Mountains:
                  Low- and High-Angle Normal Faulting During
                  Initiation and Evolution of the Southern San Andreas
                  Fault System}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = {{2017}},
  volume = {{36}},
  pages = {{2863--2881}},
  doi = {10.1002/2017TC004498}
}
@article{massmeyer13,
  title = {Numerical simulation of thermal plumes in a
                  Herschel--Bulkley fluid},
  author = {Massmeyer, Anna and Di Giuseppe, Erika and Davaille,
                  Anne and Rolf, Tobias and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.},
  volume = 195,
  pages = {32--45},
  year = 2013
}
@article{masson94,
  title = {{Compressional deformation at the ocean--continent
                  transition in the NE Atlantic}},
  author = {Masson, DG and Cartwright, JA and Pinheiro, LM and
                  Whitmarsh, RB and Beslier, M-O and Roeser, H},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc.},
  volume = 151,
  pages = {607--613},
  year = 1994
}
@article{massonnet93,
  author = {Massonnet, D. and Rossi, M. and Carmona, C. and
                  Adragna, F.},
  title = {The Displacement Field of the {L}anders Earthquake
                  Mapped by Radar Interferometry},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 364,
  pages = {138--142}
}
@incollection{masters00,
  author = {Masters, G. and Laske, G. and Bolton, H. and
                  Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {The relative behavior of shear velocity, bulk sound
                  speed, and compressional velocity in the mantle:
                  implications for chemical and thermal structure},
  booktitle = {Earth's deep interior. Mineral physics and
                  tomography from the atomic to the global scale},
  pages = {63--87},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Karato, S.-i. and Forte, A. M. and Liebermann,
                  R. C. and Masters, G. and Stixrude, L.},
  volume = 117,
  series = {Geoophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{masters82,
  author = {Masters, G. and Jordan, T. H. and Silver, P. G. and
                  Gilbert, F.},
  title = {Aspherical {E}arth structure from fundamental
                  spheroidal-mode data},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 298,
  pages = {609--613}
}
@article{masters96,
  author = {Masters, G. and Johnson, S. and Laske, G. and
                  Bolton, H.},
  title = {A shear-velocity model of the mantle},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 354,
  pages = {1385--1411}
}
@article{masters99,
  author = {Masters, G. and Bolton, H. and Laske, G.},
  title = {Joint Seismic Tomography for {P} and {S} Velocities:
                  How Pervasive are Chemical Anomalies in the Mantle?
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {S14}
}
@article{masy11,
  author = {Masy, J. and Niu, F. and Levander, A. and Schmitz,
                  M.},
  title = {{Mantle flow beneath northwestern Venezuela: Seismic
                  evidence for a deep origin of the M{\'{e}}rida
                  Andes}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 305,
  pages = {396--404}
}
@book{matern86,
  author = {Mat{\'{e}}rn, B.},
  title = {Spatial variation},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 36,
  series = {Lecture notes in Statistics},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{materna19,
  author = {Materna, Kathryn and Bartlow, Noel and Wech, Aaron
                  and Williams, Charles and Bürgmann, Roland},
  title = {Dynamically Triggered Changes of Plate Interface
                  Coupling in {Southern Cascadia}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {12890--12899},
  year = 2019
}
@unpublished{matlab,
  author = {Mathworks},
  title = {{MATLAB} Product Documentation},
  year = 2006,
  note = {The Mathworks Inc. Online at
                  \url{www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/matlab.html},
                  accessed 06/2006}
}
@misc{matplotlib,
  author = {Matplotlib},
  title = {Matplotlib homepage},
  year = 2023,
  note = {Available online at \url{https://matplotlib.org/},
                  accessed 05/2023}
}
@article{matsubara08,
  author = {Matsubara, M. and Obada, K. and Kasahara, K.},
  title = {{Three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity structures
                  beneath the Japan Islands obtained by high-density
                  seismic stations by seismic tomography}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 454,
  pages = {86--103}
}
@article{matsumoto16,
  title = {Method for estimating the stress field from seismic
                  moment tensor data based on the flow rule in
                  plasticity theory},
  author = {Matsumoto, Satoshi},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {8928--8935},
  year = 2016
}
@article{matsurata97,
  author = {Matsu'ura, M. and Sato, T.},
  title = {Loading mechanism and scaling relations of large
                  interplate earthquakes},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 277,
  pages = {189--198},
  annote = {viscous drag, seismic cycle, loading, astenosphere}
}
@article{matsuura81,
  title = {Quasi-static displacements due to faulting in a
                  layered half-space with an intervenient viscoelastic
                  layer},
  author = {Matsu'ura, Mitsuhiro and Tanimoto, Toshiro and
                  Iwasaki, Takaya},
  journal = {J. Phys. Earth},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {23--54},
  year = 1981
}
@article{matsuura88,
  author = {Matsu'ura, M. and Sato, T.},
  title = {A dislocation model for the earthquake cycle at
                  convergent plate boundaries},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {23--32}
}
@article{matsuzawa10,
  title = {Modeling short-and long-term slow slip events in the
                  seismic cycles of large subduction earthquakes},
  author = {Matsuzawa, T. and Hirose, H. and Shibazaki, B. and
                  Obara, K.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12},
  year = 2010
}
@article{mattern05,
  author = {Mattern, E. and Matas, J. and Ricard, Y. and Bass,
                  J.},
  title = {Lower mantle composition and temperature from
                  mineral physics and thermodynamic modelling},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {973--990}
}
@article{matthews11,
  author = {Matthews, K. J. and Hale, A. J. and Gurnis, M. and
                  M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and DiCaprio, L.},
  title = {{Dynamic subsidence of Eastern Australia during the
                  Cretaceous}},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {372--383}
}
@article{matthews16,
  author = {Matthews, K. and Maloney, K.T. and Zahirovic, S. and
                  Williams, S. E. and Seton, M. and M{\"{u}}ller,
                  R.D.},
  title = {{Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics
                  since the late Paleozoic}},
  journal = {Global Planet. Change},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {226--250}
}
@article{matuyama29,
  title = {{On the direction of magnetisation of basalt in
                  Japan, Ty{\^{o}}sen and Manchuria}},
  author = {Matuyama, Motonori},
  journal = {Proc. Imperial Acad.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {203--205},
  year = 1929
}
@article{mauffret95,
  author = {Mauffret, A. and Pascal, G. and Maillard, A. and
                  Gorini, C.},
  title = {Tectonics and deep structure of the north-western
                  {M}editerranean basin},
  journal = {Mar. Preto. Geol.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {645--666}
}
@incollection{mauffret99,
  author = {Mauffret, A. and Contrucci, I.},
  title = {Crustal structure of the {N}orth {T}yrrhenian {S}ea:
                  First result of the multichannel seismic {LISA}
                  cruise},
  booktitle = {The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within
                  the Alpine Orogen},
  pages = {169--193},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1999,
  editor = {Durand, B. and Mascle, A. and Jolivet, L. and
                  Horv{\`{a}}th, F. and S{\'{e}}ranne, M.},
  volume = 156,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs},
  address = {London}
}
@article{maurer18,
  title = {{Bounding the moment deficit rate on crustal faults
                  using geodetic data: application to southern
                  California}},
  author = {Maurer, Jeremy and Johnson, Kaj and Segall, Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {11048--11061},
  year = 2018
}
@article{mavko80,
  author = {Mavko, G. M.},
  title = {Velocity and attenuation in partially molten rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {5173--5189}
}
@article{mavrommatis14,
  author = {A. P. Mavrommatis and P. Segall and K. M. Johnson},
  title = {A decadal-scale deformation transient prior to the
                  2011 {Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki} earthquake},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {4486--4494}
}
@article{mavrommatis15,
  author = {A. P. Mavrommatis and P. Segall and N. Uchida and
                  K. M. Johnson},
  title = {Long-term acceleration of aseismic slip preceding
                  the {Mw 9 T}ohoku-oki earthquake: {C}onstraints from
                  repeating earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {9717--9725}
}
@article{mavrommatis17,
  author = {Mavrommatis, A. P. and Segall, P. and Johnson,
                  K. M.},
  title = {A Physical Model for Interseismic Erosion of Locked
                  Fault Asperities},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 122,
  pages = {8326--8346},
  year = 2017
}
@article{may08,
  author = {May, D. A. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Preconditioned iterative methods for {S}tokes flow
                  problems arising in computational geodynamics},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {33--47}
}
@article{may76,
  author = {May, R. M.},
  title = {Simple mathematical models with very complicated
                  dynamics},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 261,
  pages = 459
}
@article{maya92,
  author = {Maya, M.},
  title = {Catalogo de dataciones isot{\'{o}}picas en
                  {C}olombia},
  journal = {Bolet{\'{i}}n Geol{\'{o}}gico Ingeominas},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {127--188}
}
@article{mayeda05,
  author = {Mayeda, K. and L. Malagnini and W. S. Phillips and
                  W. R. Walter and D. Dreger},
  title = {{2-D or not 2-D, that is the question: A northern
                  California test}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  number = {L12301},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL022882}
}
@phdthesis{mayer-guerr06,
  author = {Mayer-Guerr, T.},
  title = {Gravitationsfeldbestimmung aus der {A}nalyse kurzer
                  {B}ahnb{\"{o}}gen am {B}eispiel der
                  {S}atellitenmissionen {CHAMP} und {GRACE}},
  school = {Universit{\"{a}}t Bonn},
  year = 2006,
  address = {Bonn, Germany}
}
@article{mazzotti04,
  title = {Variability of near-term probability for the next
                  great earthquake on the {C}ascadia subduction zone},
  author = {Mazzotti, St{\'e}phane and Adams, John},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {1954--1959},
  year = 2004
}
@article{mazzotti11,
  author = {Mazzotti, S. and Lambert, A. and Henton, J. and
                  James, T. S. and Courtier, N.},
  title = {{Absolute gravity calibration of GPS velocities and
                  glacial isostatic adjustment in mid-continent North
                  America}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL049846},
  year = 2011,
  number = {L24311}
}
@article{mcadoo85,
  author = {McAdoo, D. C. and Martin, C. F. and Polouse, P.},
  title = {Seasat observations of flexure: {E}vidence for a
                  strong lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 116,
  pages = {209--222}
}
@article{mcadoo85b,
  title = {Folding of oceanic lithosphere},
  author = {McAdoo, David C and Sandwell, David T},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {8563--8569},
  year = 1985
}
@article{mccaffrey00,
  title = {Rotation and plate locking at the southern
                  {C}ascadia subduction zone},
  author = {McCaffrey, Robert and Long, Maureen D and
                  Goldfinger, Chris and Zwick, Peter C and Nabelek,
                  John L and Johnson, Cheryl K and Smith, Curt},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 27,
  pages = {3117--3120},
  year = 2000
}
@article{mccaffrey05,
  author = {McCaffrey, R.},
  title = {{Block kinematics of the Pacific-North America plate
                  boundary in the southwestern United States from
                  inversion of GPS, seismological, and geologic data}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B07401},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003307}
}
@article{mccaffrey09,
  title = {{The tectonic framework of the Sumatran subduction
                  zone}},
  author = {McCaffrey, Robert},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {345--366},
  year = 2009
}
@article{mccarthy11,
  title = {Experimental study of attenuation and dispersion
                  over a broad frequency range: {2. T}he universal
                  scaling of polycrystalline materials},
  author = {McCarthy, Christine and Takei, Yasuko and Hiraga,
                  Takehiko},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B09207},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008384},
  year = 2011,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{mcclusky00,
  author = {McClusky, S. and Bassanian, S. and Barka, A. and
                  Demir, C. and Ergintav, S. and Georgiev, I. and
                  Gurkan, O. and Hamburger, M. and Hurst, K. and
                  Kahle, H. and Kastens, K. and Kekelidze, G. and
                  King, R. and Kotzev, V. and Lenk, O. and Mahmoud,
                  S. and Mishin, A. and Nadariya, M. and Ouzounis,
                  A. and Paradissis, D. and Peter, Y. and Preilepin,
                  M. and Reilinger, R. and Sanli, I. and Seeger,
                  H. and Tealeb, A. and Toksoz, M. N. and Veis, G.},
  title = {Global {P}ositioning {S}ystem constraints on plate
                  kinematics and dynamics in the eastern
                  {M}editerranean and {C}aucasus},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {5695--5719}
}
@article{mcclusky01,
  author = {McClusky, S. C. and Bjornstad, S. C. and Hager,
                  B. H. and King, R. W. and Meade, B. J. and Miller,
                  M. M. and Monastero, F. C. and Souter, B. J.},
  title = {Present day kinematics of the {E}astern {C}alifornia
                  shear zone from a geodetically constrained block
                  model},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {3369--3372}
}
@article{mcclusky03,
  author = {S. McClusky and R. Reilinger and S. Mahmoud and
                  D. Ben Sari and A. Tealeb},
  title = {{GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate
                  motions}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {126--138}
}
@article{mcconnell68,
  title = {Viscosity of the mantle from relaxation time spectra
                  of isostatic adjustment},
  author = {McConnell Jr, Robert K},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 73,
  pages = {7089--7105},
  year = 1968
}
@inproceedings{mccormack17,
  author = {K. A. McCormack and M. A. Hesse},
  title = {{Hydrologic Response to Megathrust Earthquake: A
                  look at the 2012 Mw 7.6 Costa Rican Event}
                  (abstract)},
  booktitle = {Subduction Zone Dynamics},
  year = 2017,
  series = {CIDER Summer Program},
  address = {Berkeley CA}
}
@article{mcdonough95,
  author = {McDonough, W. F. and Sun, S.-s.},
  title = {The Composition of the Earth},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {223-253}
}
@article{mcevilly64,
  author = {McEvilly, T. V.},
  title = {{Central U.S. crust—Upper mantle structure from Love
                  and Rayleigh wave phase velocity inversion}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {1997--2015},
  year = 1964
}
@article{mcgarr99,
  author = {McGarr, A.},
  title = {On relating apparent stress to the stress causing
                  earthquake fault slip},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {3003--3011}
}
@article{mcgary14,
  author = {R Shane McGary and Rob L. Evans and Philip
                  E. Wannamaker and Jimmy Elsenbeck and St{\'{e}}phane
                  Rondenay},
  title = {{Pathway fromsubducting slab to surface formelt and
                  fluids beneath Mount Rainier}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 511,
  pages = {338--340}
}
@article{mcgill02,
  author = {McGill, S. and Dergham, S. and Barton, K. and
                  Berney-Ficklin, T. and Grant, D. and Hartling,
                  C. and Hobart, K. and Minnich, R. and Rodriguez,
                  M. and Runnerstrom, E.},
  title = {Paleoseismology of the {S}an {A}ndreas Fault at
                  {P}lunge {C}reek, near {S}an {B}ernardino,
                  {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2803--2840}
}
@incollection{mcgill89,
  author = {McGill, J. T.},
  title = {{Geologic maps of the Pacific Palisades area, Los
                  Angeles, California}},
  booktitle = {Map I-1828, Miscellaneous Investigations Series},
  pages = 800,
  year = 1989,
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  volume = {1:4}
}
@article{mcgill91,
  author = {McGill, S. F.},
  title = {{Surficial offsets on the eastern Garlock fault
                  associated with prehistoric earthquakes}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {21597--21621}
}
@article{mcgill93,
  author = {McGill, S. F. and Sieh, K. E.},
  title = {{Holocene Slip Rate of the Central Garlock Fault in
                  Southeastern Searles Valley}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {14217--14231}
}
@inproceedings{mcgill94,
  author = {McGill, S. F.},
  title = {{Preliminary slip rate and recurrence interval for
                  the western Garlock Fault near Lone Tree Canyon,
                  California} (abstract)},
  pages = 72,
  year = 1994,
  volume = 26,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 90th annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@article{mcgill98,
  author = {McGill, S. F. and Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {Ages of late Holocene earthquakes on the central
                  Garlock fault near El Paso Peaks, California},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {7265--7279}
}
@article{mcglashan08,
  author = {McGlashan, N. and L. D. Brown and S. M. Kay},
  title = {{Crustal thicknesses in the Central Andes from
                  teleseismically recorded depth phase precursors}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 175,
  pages = {1013--1022}
}
@article{mcgovern89,
  title = {Thermal evolution of the Earth: effects of volatile
                  exchange between atmosphere and interior},
  author = {McGovern, Patrick J and Schubert, Gerald},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {27--37},
  year = 1989
}
@misc{mcguire17,
  author = {J. J. McGuire and T. Plank and S. Barrientos and
                  T. W. Becker and E. Brodsky and E. Cottrell and
                  M. French and P. Fulton and J. Gomberg and S. Gulick
                  and M. Haney and D. Melgar and
                  S. Penniston-Dor\-land and D. Roman and P. Skemer
                  and H. Tobin and I. Wada and D. Wiens},
  title = {{The SZ4D Initiative: Understanding the processes
                  that underlie subduction zone hazards in 4D. Vision
                  document submitted to the National Science
                  Foundation}},
  howpublished = {The IRIS Consortium},
  year = 2017,
  note = {63 pp., available online at
                  \url{www.iris.edu/hq/files/workshops/2016/09/szo_16/sz4d.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2021}
}
@article{mcguire18,
  author = {McGuire, Jeffrey J. and Collins, John A. and Davis,
                  Earl and Becker, Keir and Heesemann, Martin},
  title = {{A lack of dynamic triggering of slow slip and
                  tremor indicates that the shallow Cascadia
                  megathrust offshore Vancouver Island is likely
                  locked}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {11,095-11,103},
  year = 2018
}
@article{mckenzie05,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Jackson, J. and Priestley, K.},
  title = {Thermal structure of oceanic and continental
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 233,
  pages = {337--349}
}
@article{mckenzie15,
  author = {McKenzie, D. and Daly, M. C. and Priestley, K.},
  title = {The lithospheric structure of {P}angea},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {783--786}
}
@article{mckenzie66,
  title = {The viscosity of the lower mantle},
  author = {McKenzie, Dan P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 71,
  pages = {3995--4010},
  year = 1966
}
@article{mckenzie67,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Parker, R. L.},
  title = {The {N}orth {P}acific; an example of tectonics on a
                  sphere},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 216,
  pages = {1276--1280}
}
@article{mckenzie67b,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {The viscosity of the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {297--327}
}
@article{mckenzie67c,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {6261--6273}
}
@article{mckenzie69,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {Speculations on the consequences and causes of plate
                  motions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1--32}
}
@article{mckenzie69b,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {The relation between fault plane solutions for
                  earthquakes and the directions of the principal
                  stresses},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {591--601}
}
@article{mckenzie69c,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Morgan, J. P.},
  title = {Evolution of triple junctions},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1969,
  pages = {125--133}
}
@article{mckenzie70,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {Temperature and potential temperature beneath island
                  arcs},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 10,
  pages = {357--366}
}
@article{mckenzie72,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Brune, J.},
  title = {Melting on fault planes during large earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {65--78}
}
@article{mckenzie72b,
  title = {{Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region}},
  author = {McKenzie, Dan P.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 30,
  pages = {109--185},
  year = 1972
}
@article{mckenzie75,
  title = {Speculations on the thermal and tectonic history of
                  the {E}arth},
  author = {McKenzie, Dan P. and Weiss, Nigel},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {131--174},
  year = 1975
}
@article{mckenzie76,
  title = {The relationship between bathymetry and gravity in
                  the Atlantic Ocean},
  author = {McKenzie, Dan P. and Bowin, Carl},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {1903--1915},
  year = 1976
}
@incollection{mckenzie77,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {The initiation of trenches: a finite amplitude
                  instability},
  booktitle = {Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches and Back-Arc basins},
  publisher = {AGU},
  year = 1977,
  editor = {Talwani, M. and Pitman III, W. C.},
  volume = 1,
  series = {Maurice Ewing},
  pages = {57--61},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{mckenzie78,
  title = {Some remarks on the development of sedimentary
                  basins},
  author = {McKenzie, Dan P.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {25--32},
  year = 1978
}
@article{mckenzie79,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {Finite deformation during fluid flow},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 58,
  pages = {689--715}
}
@article{mckenzie83,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Jackson, J.},
  title = {The relationship between strain rates, crustal
                  thickening, paleomagnetism, finite strain and fault
                  movements within a deforming zone},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 65,
  pages = {182--202}
}
@article{mckenzie84,
  author = {McKenzie, D. P.},
  title = {The generation and compaction of partially molten
                  rock},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {713--765}
}
@article{mckenzie88,
  title = {The volume and composition of melt generated by
                  extension of the lithosphere},
  author = {McKenzie, D. P. and Bickle, M. J.},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {625--679},
  year = 1988
}
@article{mclaskey14,
  title = {Laboratory generated {M}$-6$ earthquakes},
  author = {McLaskey, Gregory C and Kilgore, Brian D and
                  Lockner, David A and Beeler, Nicholas M},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {2601--2615},
  year = 2014
}
@article{mclaskey19,
  title = {Earthquake initiation from laboratory observations
                  and implications for foreshocks},
  author = {McLaskey, G. C.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {12882--12904},
  year = 2019
}
@article{mcleaskey11,
  author = {G. C. McLeaskey and S. D. Glaser},
  title = {Micromechanics of asperity rupture during laboratory
                  stick slip experiments},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL047507}
}
@article{mcnamara00,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {Cooling of the {E}arth: A parameterized convection
                  study of whole versus layered models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 1,
  doi = {2000GC000045},
  year = 2000
}
@article{mcnamara01,
  author = {McNamara, A. and Karato, S.-i. and van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {Localization of dislocation creep in the lower
                  mantle: implications for the origin of seismic
                  anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {85--99}
}
@article{mcnamara02,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and van Keken, P. E. and Karato,
                  S.-i.},
  title = {Development of anisotropic structure in the
                  {E}arth's lower mantle by solid-state convection},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 416,
  pages = {310--314}
}
@article{mcnamara03,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and van Keken, P. E. and Karato,
                  S.-i.},
  title = {Development of finite strain in the convecting lower
                  mantle and its implications for seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  number = 2230,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001970},
  volume = 108
}
@article{mcnamara04,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Thermochemical structures within a spherical mantle:
                  Superplumes or Piles?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002847}
}
@article{mcnamara04b,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {The influence of thermochemical convection on the
                  fixity of mantle plumes},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 222,
  pages = {485--500}
}
@article{mcnamara05,
  author = {McNamara, A. K. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Thermochemical Piles Under Africa and the Pacific},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 437,
  pages = {1136--1139}
}
@article{mcnamara19,
  title = {A review of large low shear velocity provinces and
                  ultra low velocity zones},
  author = {McNamara, Allen K},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 760,
  pages = {199--220},
  year = 2019
}
@article{mcnamara93,
  author = {McNamara, D. E. and Owens, T. J.},
  title = {Azimuthal shear wave velocity anisotropy in the
                  {B}asin and {R}ange {P}rovince using {M}oho {$Ps$}
                  converted phases},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {12003--12017},
  year = 1993
}
@article{mcnamara94,
  author = {McNamara, D. E. and Owens, T. J. and Silver,
                  P. G. and Wu, F. T.},
  title = {Shear wave anisotropy beneath the {T}ibetan
                  {P}lateau},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {13655--13665}
}
@article{mcnutt81,
  author = {McNutt, M. and Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {An evaluation of the seismic-window theory for
                  earthquake prediction},
  journal = {California Geology},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {12--16}
}
@article{mcnutt98,
  author = {McNutt, M.},
  title = {Superswells},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {211-244}
}
@article{mcnutt99,
  author = {McNutt, M.},
  title = {The mantle's lava lamp},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 402,
  pages = {739--740}
}
@article{mcquarrie03,
  author = {McQuarrie, N. and Stock, J. M. and Verdel, C. and
                  Wernicke, B. P.},
  title = {Cenozoic evolution of {Neotethys} and implications
                  for the causes of plate motions},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 30,
  number = 2036,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL017992}
}
@article{mcquarrie05,
  title = {An animated tectonic reconstruction of southwestern
                  {North America since 36 Ma}},
  author = {McQuarrie, Nadine and Wernicke, Brian P},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {147--172},
  year = 2005,
  publisher = {Geological Society of America}
}
@article{mcquarrie10,
  author = {McQuarrie, N. and M. Oskin},
  title = {{Palinspastic restoration of NAVDat and implications
                  for the origin of magmatism in southwestern North
                  America}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B10401},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006435}
}
@article{mcquarrie98,
  author = {McQuarrie, N. and Rodgers, D. W.},
  title = {{Subsidence of a volcanic basin by flexure and lower
                  crustal flow: The eastern Snake River Plain}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {203--220}
}
@article{meade02,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and Hager, B. H. and McClusky,
                  S. C. and Reilinger, R. E. and Ergintav, S. and
                  Lenk, O. and Barka, A. A. and Ozener, H.},
  title = {Estimates of seismic potential in the {M}armara
                  {S}ea region from block models of secular
                  deformation constrained by {G}lobal {P}ositioning
                  {S}ystem measurements},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {208--215}
}
@article{meade02b,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and Hager, B. H. and King, R. W.},
  title = {Block Models of Present Day Deformation in
                  {S}outhern {C}alifornia Constrained by Geodetic
                  Measurements (abstract)},
  journal = {2002 SCEC Annual Meeting, Oxnard CA},
  year = 2002,
  pages = 96,
  month = {September}
}
@article{meade04,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and Hager, B. H. },
  title = {Viscoelastic deformation for a clustered earthquake
                  cycle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L10610},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL019643}
}
@article{meade05a,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Block models of crustal motion in southern
                  {C}alifornia constrained by {GPS} measurements},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  number = {B03403},
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003209}
}
@article{meade05b,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Spatial localization of moment deficits in southern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003331}
}
@article{meade07,
  title = {Algorithms for the calculation of exact
                  displacements, strains, and stresses for triangular
                  dislocation elements in a uniform elastic half
                  space},
  author = {Meade, Brendan J},
  journal = {Computers \& Geosc.},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {1064--1075},
  year = 2007
}
@article{meade08,
  author = {Meade, B. J. and C. P. Conrad},
  title = {{Andean growth and the deceleration of South
                  American subduction: Time evolution of a coupled
                  orogen-subduction system}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {93--101}
}
@article{meade17,
  title = {{What is better than Coulomb failure stress? A
                  ranking of scalar static stress triggering
                  mechanisms from 105 mainshock-aftershock pairs}},
  author = {Meade, Brendan J and DeVries, Phoebe MR and Faller,
                  Jeremy and Viegas, Fernanda and Wattenberg, Martin},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {11--409},
  year = 2017
}
@article{meade95,
  author = {Meade, C. and Silver, P. G. and Kaneshima, S.},
  title = {Laboratory and seismological observations of lower
                  mantle isotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1293--1296}
}
@article{megnin00,
  author = {M{\'{e}}gnin, C. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {The shear velocity structure of the mantle from the
                  inversion of body, surface, and higher modes
                  waveforms},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {709--728}
}
@article{megnin97,
  author = {M{\'{e}}gnin, C. and Bunge, H.-P. and Romanowicz,
                  B. A. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {Imaging 3-{D} spherical convection models: what can
                  seismic tomography tell us about mantle dynamics?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1299--1302}
}
@article{megnin99,
  author = {M{\'{e}}gnin, C. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {The effects of the theoretical formalism and data
                  selection on mantle models derived from waveform
                  tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {366--380}
}
@article{mehl03,
  author = {Mehl, L. and Hacker, B. R. and Hirth, G. and
                  Kelemen, P. B.},
  title = {Arc-parallel flow within the mantle wedge:
                  {E}vidence from the accreted {T}alkeetna arc, south
                  central {A}laska},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2375,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002233}
}
@article{mehta02,
  author = {Mehta, A. P. and Mills, A. C. and Dahmen, K. A. and
                  Sethna, J. P.},
  title = {Universal pulse shape scaling function and
                  exponents: Critical test for avalanche models
                  applied to {B}arkhausen noise},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 65,
  pages = 046139
}
@article{mehta06,
  author = {Mehta, A. P. and Dahmen, K. A. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Universal mean moment rate profiles of earthquake
                  ruptures},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 73,
  pages = 056104
}
@article{mei10,
  author = {S. Mei and A. M. Suzuki and D. L. Kohlstedt and
                  N. A. Dixon and W. B. Durham},
  title = {Experimental constraints on the strength of
                  lithospheric mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B08204},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006873}
}
@article{meier04,
  author = {Meier, T. and Dietrich, K. and St{\"o}ckhert, B. and
                  Harjes, H.-P.},
  title = {{One-dimensional models of shear wave velocity for
                  the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the
                  inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and
                  tectonic implications}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {45--58}
}
@article{meier09,
  author = {Meier, U. and Trampert, J. and Curtis, A.},
  title = {Global variations of temperature and water content
                  in the mantle transition zone from higher mode
                  surface waves},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 282,
  pages = {91--101}
}
@article{meier16,
  title = {{Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Central
                  European lithosphere}},
  author = {Meier, T and Soomro, RA and Viereck, L and Lebedev,
                  S and Behrmann, JH and Weidle, C and Cristiano, L
                  and Hanemann, R},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 692,
  pages = {58--73},
  year = 2016
}
@article{meier17,
  title = {The hidden simplicity of subduction megathrust
                  earthquakes},
  author = {Meier, M-A and Ampuero, JP and Heaton, Thomas H},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 357,
  pages = {1277--1281},
  year = 2017
}
@article{meijde05,
  author = {M. van der Meijde and S. van der Lee and
                  D. Giardini},
  title = {Seismic discontinuities in the {M}editerranean
                  mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 148,
  pages = {233-250}
}
@article{meijer92,
  author = {Meijer, P. T. and Wortel, M. J. R.},
  title = {The dynamics of motion of the {S}outh {A}merican
                  plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11915--11931}
}
@article{meijer99,
  author = {P. T. Meijer and M. J. R. Wortel},
  title = {Cenozoic dynamics of the {A}frican plate with
                  emphasis on the {Africa-Eurasia} collision},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {7405--7418}
}
@article{meissner02,
  author = {Meissner, R. and Mooney, W. D. and Artemieva, I.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young
                  orogens},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@article{meissner06,
  author = {Meissner, R. and Rabbel, W. and Kern, H.},
  title = {Seismic lamination and anisotropy of the Lower
                  Continental Crust},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 416,
  pages = {81--99}
}
@book{meissner86,
  author = {Meissner, R.},
  title = {The Continental Crust},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 34,
  series = {International Geophysics Series}
}
@article{melbourne01,
  author = {Melbourne, T. and Helmberger, D.},
  title = {Mantle control of plate boundary deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {4003--4006}
}
@article{melgar16,
  author = {Melgar, Diego and Fan, Wenyuan and Riquelme,
                  Sebastian and Geng, Jianghui and Liang, Cunren and
                  Fuentes, Mauricio and Vargas, Gabriel and Allen,
                  Richard M and Shearer, Peter M and Fielding, Eric J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  pages = {961--966},
  title = {{Slip segmentation and slow rupture to the trench
                  during the 2015, Mw8. 3 Illapel, Chile earthquake}},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2016
}
@article{melgar17,
  author = {Melgar, Diego and Hayes, Gavin P},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  pages = {9691--9698},
  title = {Systematic observations of the slip pulse properties
                  of large earthquake ruptures},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2017
}
@article{melgar18,
  author = {Melgar, Diego and P{\'e}rez-Campos, Xyoli and
                  Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo and Spica, Zack and
                  Esp{\'\i}ndola, Victor Hugo and Hammond, William C
                  and Cabral-Cano, Enrique},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  pages = {2633--2641},
  title = {{Bend faulting at the edge of a flat slab: The 2017
                  Mw7. 1 Puebla-Morelos, Mexico earthquake}},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2018
}
@article{melnick17,
  author = {Melnick, Daniel and Moreno, Marcos and Quinteros,
                  Javier and Baez, Juan Carlos and Deng, Zhiguo and
                  Li, Shaoyang and Oncken, Onno},
  title = {The super-interseismic phase of the megathrust
                  earthquake cycle in {C}hile},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {784--791},
  year = 2017
}
@article{melosh80,
  author = {Melosh, H. J. and Raefsky, A.},
  title = {The dynamical origin of subduction zone topography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 60,
  pages = {333--354}
}
@article{melosh81,
  author = {Melosh, H. J. and Raefsky, A.},
  title = {A Simple and Efficient Method for Introducing Faults
                  into Finite Element Computations},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {1391--1400}
}
@article{melosh89,
  author = {Melosh, H. J. and Williams, C. A.},
  title = {Mechanics of Graben Formation in Crustal Rocks: A
                  Finite Element Analysis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {13961--13973},
  month = {Oktober}
}
@inproceedings{melosh90,
  author = {Melosh, HJ},
  title = {Giant impacts and the thermal state of the early
                  Earth},
  booktitle = {LPI Conference on the Origin of the Earth},
  year = 1990,
  pages = {69--83}
}
@article{melson90,
  author = {Melson, W. and J. Allan and D. Jerez and J. Nellen
                  and M. L. Calvache and S. Williams and J.  Fournelle
                  and M. Perfit},
  title = {Water content, temperatures and diversity of the
                  magmas of the catastrophic eruption of {N}evado del
                  {R}uiz, {C}olombia,},
  journal = {J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {97--126}
}
@article{melt98,
  author = {{MELT team}},
  title = {Imaging the Deep Seismic Structure Beneath a
                  {M}id-{O}cean ridge: The {MELT} experiment},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 280,
  pages = {215--1217}
}
@article{meltzer01,
  title = {Nanga Parbat crustal anisotropy: Implications for
                  interpretation of crustal velocity structure and
                  shear-wave splitting},
  author = {Meltzer, A. and Christensen, N.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 28,
  number = 10,
  pages = {2129--2132},
  year = 2001
}
@article{menke03,
  author = {Menke, W. and V. Levin},
  title = {The Cross-Convolution Method for Interpreting {SKS}
                  Splitting Observations, with Application to One and
                  Two Layer Anisotropic {E}arth Models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {379--392}
}
@book{menke12,
  author = {Menke, W.},
  title = {Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse
                  Theory. Matlab Edition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 2012
}
@book{menke89,
  author = {Menke, W.},
  title = {Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse
                  Theory. Revised Edition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1989
}
@article{menne12,
  author = {Menne, M. J. and Durre, I. and Vose, R. S. and
                  Gleason, R. E. and Houston, T. G.},
  title = {An overview of the global historical climatology
                  network-daily database},
  journal = {J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {897--910}
}
@article{merdith17,
  title = {A full-plate global reconstruction of the
                  {N}eoproterozoic},
  author = {Merdith, Andrew S and Collins, Alan S and Williams,
                  Simon E and Pisarevsky, Sergei and Foden, John D and
                  Archibald, Donnelly B and Blades, Morgan L and
                  Alessio, Brandon L and Armistead, Sheree and Plavsa,
                  Diana and others},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  volume = 50,
  pages = {84--134},
  year = 2017
}
@article{merdith21,
  title = {Extending full-plate tectonic models into deep time:
                  Linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic},
  author = {Merdith, Andrew S and Williams, Simon E and Collins,
                  Alan S and Tetley, Michael G and Mulder, Jacob A and
                  Blades, Morgan L and Young, Alexander and Armistead,
                  Sheree E and Cannon, John and Zahirovic, Sabin and
                  others},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 214,
  pages = 103477,
  year = 2021
}
@article{meredith90,
  title = {Temporal variations in seismicity during
                  quasi-static and dynamic rock failure},
  author = {P. G. Meredith and I. G. Main and C. Jones},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 175,
  pages = {249--268},
  year = 1990
}
@article{meriaux04,
  author = {Meriaux, A. S. and Ryerson, F. J. and Tapponnier,
                  P. and van der Woerd, J. and Finkel, R. C. and Xu,
                  X. W. and Xu, Z. Q. and Caffee, M. W.},
  title = {Rapid slip along the central {Altyn Tagh Fault}:
                  Morphochronologic evidence from {Cherchen He and
                  Sulamu Tagh}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B06401},
  doi = {10.01029/02003JB002558}
}
@article{meriaux09,
  author = {Meriaux, A. S. and Sieh, K. and Finkel, R. and
                  Rubin, C. and Taylor, M. and Meltzer, A. S. and and
                  Ryerson, F.},
  title = {{Kinematic behavior of southern Alaska constrained
                  by westward-decreasing post-glacial slip-rates on
                  the Denali fault, Alaska}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B03404},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005053}
}
@article{meriaux15,
  title = {A two-way interaction between the {Hainan} plume and
                  the {Manila} subduction zone},
  author = {M{\'e}riaux, Catherine A and Duarte, Jo{\~a}o C and
                  Schellart, Wouter P and M{\'e}riaux, Anne-Sophie},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {5796--5802},
  year = 2015
}
@article{merifield91,
  author = {Merifield, P. and Rockwell, T. R.},
  title = {A sliprate...},
  journal = {Eng. Geol. Geotech. Eng.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {1--21}
}
@article{merkel07,
  author = {Merkel, S. and McNamara, A. K. and Kubo, A. and
                  Speziale, S. and Miyagi, L. and Meng, Y. and Duffy,
                  T. S. and Wenk, H.-R.},
  title = {Deformation of {(Mg,Fe)SiO$_3$} post-perovskite and
                  {D''} anisotropy},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 316,
  year = 2007,
  number = 5832,
  pages = {1729-32}
}
@article{merkel14,
  title = {Docker: lightweight linux containers for consistent
                  development and deployment},
  author = {Merkel, Dirk},
  journal = {Linux j.},
  volume = 2014,
  number = 239,
  pages = 2,
  year = 2014
}
@article{meulenkamp95,
  author = {Meulenkamp, J. E. and Kovac, M. and Cicha, I.},
  title = {{On late Oligocene to Pliocene depocentre migrations
                  and the evolution of the Carpathian-Pannonian
                  system}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 266,
  pages = {301--317}
}
@article{meyerhoff68,
  author = {Meyerhoff, A. A.},
  title = {Arthur {H}olmes: originator of spreading ocean floor
                  hypothesis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {6563--6565}
}
@article{meyers18,
  title = {{Proterozoic Milankovitch cycles and the history of
                  the solar system}},
  author = {Meyers, Stephen R and Malinverno, Alberto},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 115,
  pages = {6363--6368},
  year = 2018
}
@article{mfem,
  title = {{MFEM}: A Modular Finite Element Methods Library},
  author = {R. Anderson and J. Andrej and A. Barker and
                  J. Bramwell and J.-S. Camier and J. Cerveny and
                  V. Dobrev and Y. Dudouit and A. Fisher and Tz. Kolev
                  and W. Pazner and M. Stowell and V. Tomov and
                  I. Akkerman and J. Dahm and D. Medina and
                  S. Zampini},
  journal = {Comp. \& Math. Appl.},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {42-74},
  year = 2021
}
@incollection{mgl1801,
  author = {{MGL1801 Participants}},
  title = {The {NZ3D} Experiment: {A}dding a new dimension for
                  understanding slow slip events},
  booktitle = {GeoPRISMS Newletter},
  publisher = {GeoPRISMS Program},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {14--15}
}
@article{michael84,
  author = {Michael, A. J.},
  title = {Determination of stress from slip data; faults and
                  folds},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {11517--11526}
}
@article{michael87,
  author = {Michael, A. J.},
  title = {Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress; a
                  control study},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {357--368}
}
@article{michael90,
  title = {{Energy constraints on kinematic models of oblique
                  faulting: Loma Prieta versus Parkfield-Coalinga}},
  author = {Michael, Andrew J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1453--1456},
  year = 1990
}
@article{michaut09,
  title = {Thermal evolution of cratonic roots},
  author = {Michaut, Chloe and Jaupart, Claude and Mareschal,
                  Jean-Claude},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 109,
  pages = {47--60},
  year = 2009
}
@article{michel19,
  title = {Similar scaling laws for earthquakes and {C}ascadia
                  slow-slip events},
  author = {Michel, Sylvain and Gualandi, Adriano and Avouac,
                  Jean-Philippe},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 574,
  pages = {522--526},
  year = 2019
}
@article{mignan15,
  author = {Mignan, A.},
  title = {Modeling aftershocks as a stretched exponential
                  relaxation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {9726--9732}
}
@article{mihalffy04,
  author = {Mih{\'a}lffy, P. and Steinberger, B. and Schmeling,
                  H.},
  title = {Plume-ridge interaction in the {N}orth {A}tlantic
                  influenced by large-scale mantle flow},
  journal = {DGG Tagung Berlin, Abstracts},
  year = 2004
}
@article{mihalffy07,
  author = {Mih{\'a}lffy, P. and Steinberger, B. and Schmeling,
                  H.},
  title = {The effect of the large-scale mantle flow field on
                  the {I}celand hotspot track},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 447,
  pages = {5--18}
}
@article{mihaljan62,
  author = {Mihaljan, J. M.},
  title = {{A rigorous exposition of the Boussinesq
                  approximations applicable to a thin layer of fluid}},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  year = 1962,
  volume = 136,
  pages = {1126--1133}
}
@article{miller04,
  title = {{Aftershocks driven by a high-pressure CO$_2$ source
                  at depth}},
  author = {Miller, Stephen A and Collettini, Cristiano and
                  Chiaraluce, Lauro and Cocco, Massimo and Barchi,
                  Massimiliano and Kaus, Boris JP},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 427,
  pages = {724--727},
  year = 2004
}
@article{miller05,
  author = {Miller, K. G. and Kominz, M. A and Browning,
                  J. V. and Wright, J. D. and Mountain, G. S. and
                  Katz, M. E. and Sugarman, P. J. and Cramer,
                  B. S. and Christie-Blick, N. and Pekar, S. F.},
  title = {The {P}hanerozoic record of global sea-level change},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 310,
  pages = {1293--1298}
}
@article{miller05a,
  title = {{Heterogeneity within the subducting Pacific slab
                  beneath the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc: Evidence from
                  tomography using 3D ray tracing inversion
                  techniques}},
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Gorbatov, A. and Kennett,
                  B. L. N.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 235,
  pages = {331--342},
  year = 2005
}
@article{miller06,
  title = {Three-dimensional visualization of a near-vertical
                  slab tear beneath the southern Mariana arc},
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Gorbatov, A. and Kennett,
                  B. L. N.},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {Q06012},
  year = 2006,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001110}
}
@article{miller06b,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and B. L. N. Kennett and V. G. Toy},
  title = {{Spatial and temporal evolution of the subducting
                  Pacific plate structure along the western Pacific
                  margin}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B02401},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003705}
}
@article{miller08,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Levander, A. and Xu, Y. and Jiang,
                  M. and Collier, M.},
  title = {{$SdP$ receiver function images of the
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the
                  Western U.S using USArray data}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {U43B-0061}
}
@article{miller08b,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Niu, F.},
  title = {{Bulldozing the core-mantle boundary: localized
                  seismic scatterers beneath the Caribbean Sea}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {89--94}
}
@article{miller09,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Levander, A. and Niu, F. and Li,
                  A.},
  title = {Upper mantle structure beneath the
                  {C}aribbean-{S}outh {A}merican plate boundary from
                  surface wave tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B01312},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005507}
}
@article{miller09b,
  author = {Miller, M. S.  and Levander, A.},
  title = {{Receiver function images of the Western US
                  Lithosphere}},
  journal = {EarthScope OnSite},
  year = 2009,
  pages = {2--3}
}
@article{miller09c,
  author = {Miller, R. B. and Paterson, S. R. and Matzel, J. P.},
  title = {{Plutonism at different crustal levels: insights
                  from the $\sim$5-40 km (paleodepth) North Cascades
                  crustal section, Washington}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 456,
  pages = {125--149}
}
@article{miller11,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Allam, A. and Alpert, L. A. and
                  Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Mantle structure and dynamics beneath the {Western
                  Mediterranean} constrained by seismic anisotropy and
                  global flow models (abstract)},
  journal = {EGU General Assembly, Vienna Austria},
  year = 2011,
  volume = {EGU2011-8902}
}
@article{miller12,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Mantle flow deflected by interactions between
                  subducted slabs and cratonic keels},
  journal = {Nat. Geosc.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {726--730}
}
@article{miller12b,
  title = {{Insights into the evolution of the Italian
                  lithospheric structure from S receiver function
                  analysis}},
  author = {Miller, Meghan S and Agostinetti, Nicola Piana},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 345,
  pages = {49--59},
  year = 2012
}
@article{miller13,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Allam, A. A. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Di Leo, J. and Wookey, J.},
  title = {{Constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the
                  westernmost Mediterranean and northwestern Africa
                  from shear wave splitting analysis}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {234--243}
}
@article{miller13b,
  title = {{Neogene rejuvenation of central Appalachian
                  topography: Evidence for differential rock uplift
                  from stream profiles and erosion rates}},
  author = {Miller, Scott R and Sak, Peter B and Kirby, Eric and
                  Bierman, Paul R},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 369,
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2013
}
@article{miller14,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Reactivated lithospheric-scale discontinuities
                  localize dynamic uplift of the Moroccan Atlas
                  Mountains}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {35--38}
}
@article{miller14b,
  author = {Miller, M. S. and Zhang, P. and Dolan, J.F.},
  title = {{Moho structure across the San Jacinto fault zone:
                  insights into strain localization at depth}},
  journal = {Lithosph.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {43--47}
}
@article{miller1983,
  author = {Miller, E.L. and Gans, P.B. and Garing, J.},
  title = {The Snake Range d\'{e}collement: an exhumed
                  mid-tertiary ductile-brittle transition},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {239-263},
  year = 1983
}
@article{miller21,
  title = {Inherited lithospheric structures control
                  arc-continent collisional heterogeneity},
  author = {Miller, Meghan Samanth and Zhang, Ping and
                  Dahlquist, Maxwell Philip and West, A Joshua and
                  Becker, Thorsten W and Harris, CW},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {652--656},
  year = 2021
}
@article{miller96,
  author = {Miller, B. and O'Hern, C. and Behringer, R. P.},
  title = {stress fluctuations for continuously sheared
                  granular materials},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {3110--3113}
}
@article{miller99,
  title = {{Rapid Miocene slip on the Snake Range--Deep Creek
                  range fault system, east-central Nevada}},
  author = {Miller, Elizabeth L and Dumitru, Trevor A and Brown,
                  Roderick W and Gans, Phillip B},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 111,
  pages = {886--905},
  year = 1999
}
@article{milliner16,
  title = {Resolving fine-scale heterogeneity of co-seismic
                  slip and the relation to fault structure},
  author = {Milliner, CWD and Sammis, C and Allam, AA and Dolan,
                  JF and Hollingsworth, J and Leprince, S and Ayoub,
                  F},
  journal = {Scient. Rep.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = 27201,
  year = 2016
}
@book{milne-thomson68,
  author = {Milne-Thomson, L.M.},
  title = {Theoretical Hydrodynamics},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = 1968,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{milne01,
  author = {G. A. Milne and J. L. Davis and J. X. Mitrovica and
                  H.-G. Scherneck and J. M. Johansson and M. Vermeer
                  and H. Koivula},
  title = {Space-Geodetic Constraints on Glacial Isostatic
                  Adjustment in {F}ennoscandia},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 291,
  pages = {2381--2385}
}
@article{milne09,
  author = {Milne, G. A. and Gehrels, W. R. and Hughes,
                  C. W. and Tamisiea, M. E.},
  title = {Identifying the causes of sea-level change},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {471--478}
}
@article{milner09,
  author = {Milner, K. and Becker, T. W. and Boschi, L. and
                  Sain, J. and Schorlemmer, D. and Waterhouse, H.},
  title = {{The Solid Earth Research and Teaching Environment:
                  a new software framework to share research tools in
                  the classroom and across disciplines}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  volume = 90,
  number = 12,
  pages = 104,
  year = 2009,
  note = {available online at
                  \url{www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/seatree/},
                  accessed 05/2023}
}
@article{milner21,
  title = {Toward Physics-Based Nonergodic {PSHA}: {A}
                  Prototype Fully Deterministic Seismic Hazard Model
                  for Southern {C}alifornia},
  author = {Milner, Kevin R and Shaw, Bruce E and Goulet,
                  Christine A and Richards-Dinger, Keith B and
                  Callaghan, Scott and Jordan, Thomas H and Dieterich,
                  James H and Field, Edward H},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  doi = {10.1785/0120200216},
  year = 2021
}
@article{minato12,
  title = {{Monitoring seismic velocity change caused by the
                  2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake using ambient noise
                  records}},
  author = {Minato, Shohei and Tsuji, Takeshi and Ohmi, Shiro
                  and Matsuoka, Toshifumi},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  number = {L09309},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL051405},
  year = 2012
}
@article{minelli10,
  title = {{Evolution of the Calabrian accretionary wedge
                  (central Mediterranean)}},
  author = {Minelli, Liliana and Faccenna, Claudio},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 29,
  number = {TC4004},
  doi = {10.1029/2009TC002562},
  year = 2010
}
@article{minster78,
  author = {Minster, J. B. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Present-day plate motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {5331--5354}
}
@article{minster81,
  title = {A model of dislocation-controlled rheology for the
                  mantle},
  author = {Minster, J Bernard and Anderson, Don L},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. A},
  volume = 299,
  pages = {319--356},
  year = 1981
}
@article{minster87,
  author = {Minster, J. B. and T. H. Jordan},
  title = {Vector constraints on western {U.S.} deformation
                  from space geodesy, neotectonics and plate motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {4798--4804}
}
@article{mishin08,
  author = {Mishin, Y.A. and Gerya, T.V. and Burg, J.P. and
                  Connolly, J.A.D.},
  title = {Dynamics of double subduction: numerical modeling},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {280--295}
}
@article{mitchell16,
  title = {Velocity-weakening behavior of {W}esterly granite at
                  temperature up to 600$^\circ$ C},
  author = {Mitchell, EK and Fialko, Y and Brown, KM},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {6932--6946},
  year = 2016
}
@article{mitchell21,
  title = {The supercontinent cycle},
  author = {Mitchell, Ross N and Zhang, Nan and Salminen,
                  Johanna and Liu, Yebo and Spencer, Christopher J and
                  Steinberger, Bernhard and Murphy, J Brendan and Li,
                  Zheng-Xiang},
  journal = {Nature Rev. Earth \& Environ.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {358--374},
  year = 2021
}
@article{mitrovica01,
  title = {Glacial isostatic adjustment on a rotating earth},
  author = {Mitrovica, Jerry X and Milne, Glenn A and Davis,
                  James L},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 147,
  pages = {562--578},
  year = 2001
}
@article{mitrovica01b,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Tamisiea, M. E. and Milne,
                  G. A.},
  title = {Recent mass balance of polar ice sheets inferred
                  from patterns of global sea-level change},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 409,
  pages = {1026--1029}
}
@article{mitrovica03,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Milne, G. A.},
  title = {On post-glacial sea level: {I. G}eneral theory},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {253--267}
}
@article{mitrovica04,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Forte, A. M.},
  title = {A new inference of mantle viscosity based upon joint
                  inversion of convection and glacial isostatic
                  adjustment data},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 225,
  pages = {177--189}
}
@article{mitrovica05,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Wahr, J. and Matsuyama, I. and
                  Paulson, A.},
  title = {The rotational stability of an ice-age {E}earth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {491--506}
}
@article{mitrovica09,
  title = {The sea-level fingerprint of West Antarctic
                  collapse},
  author = {Mitrovica, Jerry X and Gomez, Natalya and Clark,
                  Peter U},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 323,
  pages = {753--753},
  year = 2009
}
@article{mitrovica11,
  title = {On the robustness of predictions of sea level
                  fingerprints},
  author = {Mitrovica, Jerry X and Gomez, N and Morrow, E and
                  Hay, C and Latychev, K and Tamisiea, ME},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 187,
  pages = {729--742},
  year = 2011
}
@article{mitrovica11b,
  title = {{Ice age Earth rotation}},
  author = {Mitrovica, Jerry X and Wahr, John},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {577--616},
  year = 2011
}
@article{mitrovica85,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Jarvis, G. T.},
  title = {Surface deflections due to transient subduction in a
                  convecting mantle},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {211--237}
}
@article{mitrovica89,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Beaumont, C. and Jarvis, G. T.},
  title = {Tilting of continental interiors by the dynamical
                  effects of subduction},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {1079--1094}
}
@article{mitrovica91,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {On postglacial geoid subsidence over the equatorial
                  oceans},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {20053--20071}
}
@article{mitrovica93,
  title = {{Present-day secular variations in the zonal
                  harmonics of Earth's geopotential}},
  author = {Mitrovica, JX and Peltier, WR},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {4509--4526},
  year = 1993
}
@article{mitrovica96,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X.},
  title = {\cite{haskell35} revisited},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {555--569}
}
@article{mitrovica97,
  author = {Mitrovica, J. X. and Forte, A. M.},
  title = {Radial profile of mantle viscosity: results from the
                  joint inversion of convection and postglacial
                  rebound observables },
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {2751--2769}
}
@article{mitsui12,
  author = {Mitsui, Y. and Kato, N. and Fukahata, Y. and
                  Hirahara, K.},
  title = {{Megaquake cycle at the Tohoku subduction zone with
                  thermal fluid pressurization near the surface}},
  journal = 2012,
  year = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 325,
  pages = {21--26}
}
@article{mittelstaedt11,
  title = {Repeat ridge jumps associated with plume-ridge
                  interaction, melt transport, and ridge migration},
  author = {Mittelstaedt, Eric and Ito, Garrett and van Hunen,
                  Jeroen},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B1},
  year = 2011
}
@article{miyashiro61,
  title = {Evolution of metamorphic belts},
  author = {Miyashiro, Akiho},
  journal = {J. Petrology},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {277--311},
  year = 1961
}
@article{miyazaki04,
  author = {S. Miyazaki and P. Segall and J. Fukuda and T. Kato},
  title = {Space time distribution of afterslip following the
                  2003 {Tokachi-oki} earthquake: Implications for
                  variations in fault zone frictional properties},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L06623},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL019410}
}
@article{miyazaki11,
  title = {{Seismic and aseismic fault slip before and during
                  the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku
                  Earthquake}},
  author = {Miyazaki, Shin’ichi and McGuire, Jeffery J and
                  Segall, Paul},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 63,
  number = 7,
  pages = 23,
  year = 2011
}
@article{miyazaki13,
  author = {T. Miyazaki and K. Sueyoshi and T. Hiraga},
  title = {Olivine crystals align during diffusion creep of
                  {E}arth's upper mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 502,
  pages = {321--327}
}
@article{mizukami04,
  author = {Mizukami, T. and Wallis, S. R. and Yamamoto, J.},
  title = {Natural examples of olivine lattice preferred
                  orientation patterns with a flow-normal a-axis
                  maximum},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 427,
  pages = {432--436}
}
@article{mochizuki86,
  author = {Mochizuki, E.},
  title = {The free oscillations of an anisotropic and
                  heterogeneous earth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {167--176}
}
@book{moczo04,
  author = {Mozco, P. and Kristek, J. and Halada, L.},
  title = {The finite-difference method for seismologists. An
                  introduction.},
  publisher = {Comenius University},
  year = 2004,
  address = {Bratislava},
  note = {Online at
                  \url{www.spice-rtn.org/events/workshops/venice2004/downloads/spicefdmcourse.tgz}}
}
@book{mogi07,
  author = {Mogi, K.},
  title = {Experimental rock mechanics},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = 2007
}
@incollection{mogi82,
  author = {Mogi, K.},
  title = {Seismicity in Western {J}apan and Long-Term
                  Earthquake Forecasting},
  booktitle = {Earthquake prediction},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1982,
  editor = {Simpson, D. W. and Richards, P. G.}
}
@unpublished{mogk00,
  author = {Mogk, R. W.},
  title = {Bridges: Connecting Research and Education in the
                  Earth System Sciences. {R}ecommendations from the
                  pre-planning committee of the {``Geoscience
                  Education in the Next Millennium''} meeting at the
                  {National Science Foundation}},
  note = {National Science Foundation, Washington DC. Online
                  at
                  \url{serc.carleton.edu/research_education/bridges.html},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2000
}
@article{mohiuddin20,
  title = {Slab weakening during the olivine to ringwoodite
                  transition in the mantle},
  author = {Mohiuddin, Anwar and Karato, Shun-ichiro and Girard,
                  Jennifer},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {170--174},
  year = 2020
}
@article{mohorovicic92,
  author = {Mohorovi{\v{c}}i{\'c}, A.},
  title = {Earthquake of 8 {O}ctober 1909},
  journal = {Geofizika},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {3--55}
}
@article{mohorovivcic10,
  title = {{Das Beben vom 8. X. 1909}},
  author = {Mohorovi{\v{c}}i{\'c}, A.},
  journal = {Jahrbuch des meteorologischen Observatoriums in
                  Zagreb (Agram) f{\"{u}}r das Jahr 1909},
  volume = 9,
  number = 4,
  note = {Translated and reprinted in \cite{mohorovicic92}},
  pages = {63pp},
  year = 1910
}
@article{mojzsis01,
  author = {Mojzsis, S. J. and Harrison, T. M. and Pidgeon,
                  R. T.},
  title = {Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for
                  liquid water at the {E}arth's surface 4,300 {Myr}
                  ago},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 409,
  pages = {178--181}
}
@article{mojzsis96,
  title = {{Evidence for life on Earth before 3,800 million
                  years ago}},
  author = {Mojzsis, Stephen J and Arrhenius, Gustaf and
                  McKeegan, KD and Harrison, TM and Nutman, AP and
                  Friend, CRL},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 384,
  pages = {55--59},
  year = 1996
}
@article{molchan92,
  author = {Molchan, G. M. and Kagan, Y. Y.},
  title = {Earthquake prediction and its optimization},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {4823--4838}
}
@article{molinari19,
  title = {Fundamental aspects of a new micromechanical model
                  of rate and state friction},
  author = {Molinari, Alain and Perfettini, Hugo},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys.  Sol.},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {63--82},
  year = 2019
}
@article{molnar04,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Jones, C. H.},
  title = {A test of laboratory based rheological parameters of
                  olivine from an analysis of late {C}enozoic
                  convective removal of mantle lithosphere beneath the
                  {S}ierra {N}evada, {C}alifornia, {USA}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {555--564}
}
@article{molnar04b,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Houseman, G. A.},
  title = {The effects of buoyant crust on the gravitational
                  instability of thickened mantle lithosphere at zones
                  of intracontinental convergence},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 158,
  pages = {1134--1150},
  year = 2004
}
@article{molnar04c,
  title = {Late Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of
                  terrestrial sediment: How might climate change have
                  affected erosion rates?},
  author = {Molnar, Peter},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {67--89},
  year = 2004
}
@article{molnar15,
  author = {Molnar, P. and England, P. C. and Jones, C. H.},
  title = {Mantle dynamics, isostasy, and the support of high
                  terrain},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011724},
  pages = {1932--1957},
  year = 2015
}
@article{molnar2004a,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Jones, C. H.},
  title = {A test of laboratory based rheological parameters of
                  olivine from an analysis of late Cenozoic convective
                  removal of mantle lithosphere beneath the Sierra
                  Nevada, California, USA},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 156,
  pages = {555--564},
  year = 2004
}
@article{molnar69,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Sykes, L.},
  title = {{Tectonics of the Caribbean and Middle America
                  regions from focal mechanisms and seismicity}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1969,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {1639--1684}
}
@article{molnar75,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Tapponnier, P.},
  title = {Cenozoic tectonics of {A}sia: {E}ffects of a
                  continental collision},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 189,
  pages = {419--426}
}
@article{molnar78,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Atwater, T.},
  title = {Interarc spreading and cordillera tectonics as
                  alternates related to the age of subducted oceanic
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {330--340}
}
@article{molnar87,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Stock, J.},
  title = {{Relative motions of hotspots in the Pacific,
                  Atlantic, and Indian Oceans since Late Cretaceous
                  time}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 327,
  pages = {587--591}
}
@article{molnar88,
  title = {Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate
                  tectonics},
  author = {Molnar, P.},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 335,
  pages = {131--137},
  year = 1988
}
@incollection{molnar88b,
  author = {Molnar, Peter and Lyon-Caen, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and
                  others},
  title = {Some simple physical aspects of the support,
                  structure, and evolution of mountain belts},
  booktitle = {Processes in continental lithospheric deformation},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 1988,
  editor = {Sydney P. Clark, Jr. and B. Clark Burchfiel and John
                  Suppe},
  volume = 218,
  series = {GSA Spec. Pap.},
  pages = {179--207}
}
@article{molnar90,
  author = {Molnar, P. and England, P.},
  title = {Late {C}enozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global
                  climate change: chicken or egg?},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 346,
  pages = {29--34}
}
@article{molnar90b,
  author = {Molnar, P. and England, P.},
  title = {Temperatures, heat flux, and frictional stress near
                  major thrust faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {4833--4856}
}
@article{molnar93,
  title = {{Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and
                  the Indian monsoon}},
  author = {Molnar, Peter and England, Philip and Martinod,
                  Joseph},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {357--396},
  year = 1993
}
@article{molnar95,
  author = {Molnar, P. and England, P. C.},
  title = {Temperatures in zones of steady-state underthrusting
                  of young oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {57--70}
}
@article{molnar98,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Houseman, G. A. and Conrad, C. P.},
  title = {Rayleigh-{T}aylor instability and convective
                  thinning of mechanically thickened lithosphere:
                  effects of non-linear viscosity decreasing
                  exponentially with depth and of horizontal
                  shortening of the layer},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {568--584}
}
@article{molnar99,
  author = {Molnar, P. and Anderson, H. J. and Audoine, E. and
                  Eberhart-Phillips, D. and Gledhill, K. R. and
                  Klosko, E. R. and McEvilly, T. V. and Okaya, D. and
                  Savage, M. K. and Stern, T. and Wu, F. T.},
  title = {Continuous Deformation Versus Faulting Through the
                  Continental Lithosphere of {N}ew {Z}ealand},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 286,
  pages = {516--519}
}
@article{monaco95,
  author = {Monaco, C. and Tortorici, L.},
  title = {Tectonic role of ophiolite-bearing terranes in the
                  development of the {S}outhern {A}pennines orogenic
                  belt},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {153--160}
}
@article{mondal19,
  author = {Mondal, P. and Long, M. D.},
  title = {A model space search approach to finite-frequency
                  {SKS} splitting intensity tomography in a reduced
                  parameter space},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 217,
  pages = {238--256}
}
@inproceedings{monie96,
  author = {Moni{\'{e}}, P. and Jolivet, L. and Brunet, C. and
                  Torres-Roldan, R. L. and Caby, R. and Goff{\'{e}},
                  B. and Dubois, R.},
  title = {Cooling paths of metamorphic rocks in the western
                  {M}editerranean region and tectonic implications},
  booktitle = {The {M}editerranean basins: Tertiary extension
                  within the alpine orogen. An international
                  workshop. Abstracts},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Cergy-Pentoise},
  organization = {Universit{\'{e}} Cergy-Pentoise}
}
@article{monsalve06,
  author = {Monsalve, G. and Sheehan, A. and Schulte-Pelkum,
                  V. and Rajaure, S. and Pandey, M. R. and Wu, F.},
  title = {Seismicity and one-dimensional velocity structure of
                  the {H}imalayan collision zone: Earthquakes in the
                  crust and upper mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B10301},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004062}
}
@phdthesis{monsalve07b,
  author = {Monsalve, G.},
  title = {{Deformation and seismic structure of the upper
                  lithosphere beneath the Himalayan collision}},
  school = {University of Colorado at Boulder},
  year = 2007
}
@article{monsalve08,
  author = {G. A. Monsalve and A. Sheehan and C. Rowe and
                  S. Rajaure},
  title = {{Seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle
                  beneath the Himalayas: Evidence for eclogitizaton of
                  lower crustal rocks in the Indian Plate}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B08315},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005424}
}
@article{monsalve09,
  author = {M. Monsalve and P. J. McGovern and A. Sheehan},
  title = {{Mantle fault zones beneath the Himalayan Collision:
                  Flexure of the continental lithosphere}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 477,
  pages = {66--76}
}
@article{monsalve11,
  author = {Monsalve, M. L. and A. M. Correa and M. Arcila},
  title = {Firma adakitica en los productos recientes de los
                  volcanoes {N}evado del {H}uila y Purac{\'{e}}},
  journal = {in prep.},
  year = 2011
}
@inproceedings{montagner00,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Guillot, L.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy in the {E}arth's mantle},
  booktitle = {Problems in Geophysics for the New Millenium},
  pages = {217--253},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Boschi, E. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G. and Morelli, A.},
  address = {Bologna, Italy},
  organization = {Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia},
  publisher = {Editrice Compositori}
}
@article{montagner00b,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Griot-Pommera, D.-A. and
                  Lav{\'{e}}, J.},
  title = {How to relate body wave and surface wave
                  anisotropy?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {19015--19027}
}
@article{montagner02,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Upper mantle low anisotropy channels below the
                  {P}acific Plate},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 202,
  pages = {263--274}
}
@incollection{montagner07,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Upper mantle structure: {Global} isotropic and
                  anisotropic elastic tomography},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {559--589},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.}
}
@incollection{montagner15,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {{The Pacific Megagash: A future plate boundary?}},
  booktitle = {D. L. Anderson Honor Volume},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Amer.},
  year = 2015,
  editor = {Foulger, G. R.},
  doi = {10.1130/2015.2514(10)​},
  series = {GSA Spec. Papers},
  volume = 514
}
@article{montagner86,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Nataf, H.-C.},
  title = {A simple method for inverting the azimuthal
                  anisotropy of surface waves},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {511--520}
}
@article{montagner88,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Nataf, H. C.},
  title = {Vectorial tomography-{I.} {T}heory},
  journal = {Geophys. J.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {295--307}
}
@article{montagner88b,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Jobert, N.},
  title = {Vectorial tomography; {II.} Application to the
                  {Indian Ocean}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {309--344}
}
@article{montagner89,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Petrological constraints on seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {82--105}
}
@article{montagner90,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Global anisotropy in the upper mantle inferred from
                  the regionalization of phase velocities},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {4797--4819}
}
@article{montagner91,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P. and Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities
                  and anisotropies},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {20337--20351}
}
@article{montagner94,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {What can seismology tell us about mantle
                  convection?},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {115--137}
}
@article{montagner95,
  author = {Montagner, J. P.  and Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference
                  {E}arth models?},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {229--248}
}
@article{montagner98,
  author = {Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Where can seismic anisotropy be detected in the
                  {E}arth's mantle? {I}n boundary layers},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {223--256}
}
@article{monteiller11,
  author = {Monteiller, V. and Chevrot, S.},
  title = {{High-resolution imaging of the deep anisotropic
                  structure of the San Andreas Fault system beneath
                  southern California}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 182,
  pages = {418--446}
}
@article{monteillier10,
  author = {Monteiller, V. and Chevrot, S.},
  title = {How to make robust splitting measurements for
                  single-station analysis and three-dimensional
                  imaging of seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 182,
  pages = {311--328}
}
@article{montelli04,
  author = {Montelli, R. and Nolet, G. and Dahlen, F. A. and
                  Masters, G. and Engdahl, R. D. and Hung, S.-H.},
  title = {Finite frequency tomography reveals a variety of
                  plumes in the mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {338--343}
}
@article{montelli04b,
  author = {Montelli, R. and Nolet, G. and Masters, G. and
                  Dahlen, F. A. and Masters, G. and Hung, S.-H.},
  title = {Global {P} and {PP} traveltime tomography: rays
                  versus waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 158,
  pages = {637--654}
}
@article{montelli06,
  author = {Montelli, R. and Nolet, G. and Dahlen, F. A. and
                  Masters, G.},
  title = {A catalog of deep mantle plumes: {N}ew results from
                  finite-frequency tomography},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  number = {Q11007}
}
@article{montesi02,
  author = {Mont{\'{e}}si, L. G. J. and Zuber, M.},
  title = {A unified description of localization for
                  application to large-scale tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = {B3},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000465}
}
@article{montesi03,
  author = {Mont{\'{e}}si, L. G. J. and Hirth, G. },
  title = {Grain size evolution and the rheology of ductile
                  shear zones: from laboratory experiments to
                  postseismic creep},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {97--110}
}
@article{montesi13,
  author = {Mont{\'{e}}si, L. G. J.},
  title = {Fabric development as the key for forming ductile
                  shear zones and enabling plate tectonics},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {254--266}
}
@article{montesi2003a,
  author = {Montesi, L.G.J. and Zuber, M. T.},
  title = {Spacing of faults at the scale of the lithosphere
                  and localization instability: 1. {T}heory.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001923},
  year = 2003
}
@article{montesi2003b,
  author = {Montesi, L.G.J. and Zuber, M. T.},
  title = {Spacing of faults at the Scale of the lithosphere
                  and localization instability. 2: {A}pplication to
                  the {C}entral {I}ndian {B}asin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001924},
  year = 2003
}
@article{montgomery-brown15,
  author = {Montgomery-Brown, E. K. and Wicks, C. W. and
                  Cervelli, P. F. and Langbein, J. O. and Svarc,
                  J. L. and Shelly, D. R. and Hill, D. P. and
                  Lisowski, M.},
  title = {{Renewed inflation of Long Valley Caldera,
                  California (2011 to 2014)}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 42,
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL064338},
  pages = {5250--5257},
  year = 2015
}
@article{montgomery01,
  title = {Climate, tectonics, and the morphology of the
                  {A}ndes},
  author = {Montgomery, David R and Balco, Greg and Willett,
                  Sean D},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {579--582},
  year = 2001
}
@article{mooney98,
  author = {Mooney, W. D. and Laske, G. and Masters, G.},
  title = {{CRUST} 5.1: a global crustal model at 5 degrees
                  $\times$ 5 degrees},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {727--747}
}
@article{moore00,
  title = {The tidal response of {E}uropa},
  author = {Moore, William B and Schubert, Gerald},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 147,
  pages = {317--319},
  year = 2000
}
@article{moore04,
  author = {Moore, M. M. and Garnero, E. J. and Lay, T. and
                  Williams, Q.},
  title = {Shear wave splitting and waveform complexity for
                  lowermost mantle structures with low-velocity
                  lamellae and transverse isotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 103,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002546}
}
@incollection{moore07,
  author = {J. C. Moore and C. Rowe and F. Meneghini},
  title = {How acretionary prisms elucidate seismogenesis in
                  subduction zones},
  booktitle = {The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {T. H. Dixon and J. C. Moore},
  pages = {288--315},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{moore08,
  author = {Moore, W. B.},
  title = {Heat transport in a convecting layer heated from
                  within and below},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11407},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004778}
}
@article{moore13,
  title = {Heat-pipe earth},
  author = {Moore, William B and Webb, A Alexander G},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 501,
  pages = {501--505},
  year = 2013
}
@article{moore17,
  title = {Heat-pipe planets},
  author = {Moore, William B and Simon, Justin I and Webb, A
                  Alexander G},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 474,
  pages = {13--19},
  year = 2017
}
@article{moore65,
  author = {Moore, G. E.},
  title = {Cramming more components onto integrated circuits},
  journal = {Electronics},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 38,
  number = 8
}
@article{moore97,
  author = {Moore, D. E. and Lockner, D. A. and Ma, S. and
                  Summers, R. and Byerlee, J. D. },
  title = {Strengths of serpentinite gouges at elevated
                  temperatures},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {14787--14801}
}
@article{moore98,
  author = {Moore, W. B. and Schubert, G. and Tackley, P.},
  title = {Three-dimensional simulations of plume-lithosphere
                  interaction at the {H}awaiian swell},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 279,
  pages = {1008--1011}
}
@article{moores02,
  author = {Moores, E.},
  title = {Pre-1 Ga (pre-{R}odinian) ophiolites: their tectonic
                  and environmental implications},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 114,
  pages = {80--95}
}
@article{mora06,
  author = {Mora, A. and M. Parra and M. R. Strecker and
                  A. Kammer and C. Dimat{\'{e}} and F. Rodriguez},
  title = {Cenozoic contractional reactivation of {M}esozoic
                  extensional structures in the {E}astern {C}ordillera
                  of {C}olombia},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2006,
  doi = {10.1029/2005TC001854}
}
@article{mora08,
  author = {Mora, A. and Parra, M. and Strecker, M. R. and
                  Sobel, E. R. and Hooghiemstra, H. and Torres, C. and
                  Jaramillo, J. V.},
  title = {{Climatic forcing of asymmetric orogenic evolution
                  in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia}},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {930--949}
}
@article{mora10a,
  author = {Mora, A. and B. K Horton and A. Mesa and J. Rubiano
                  and R. A. Ketcham and M. Parra and V. Blanco and
                  D. Garcia and D. F. Stockli},
  title = {Migration of {C}enozoic deformation in the {E}astern
                  {C}ordillera of {C}olombia interpreted from fission
                  track results and structural relationships:
                  {I}mplications for petroleum systems},
  journal = {Am. Assoc. Petro. Geol. Bull.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {1543--1580}
}
@article{mora10b,
  author = {Mora, A. and M. Parra and M. R. Strecker and
                  E. R. Sobel and G. Zeilinger and C. Jaramillo},
  title = {The eastern foothills of the {E}astern {C}ordillera
                  of {C}olombia: {A}n example of multiple factors
                  controlling structural styles and active tectonics},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {1846--1864}
}
@article{mora94,
  author = {Mora, P. and Place, D.},
  title = {Simulation of the Frictional Stick-Slip Instability},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {61--87},
  annotate = {lattice solid}
}
@article{mora98,
  author = {Mora, P. and Place, D.},
  title = {Numerical simulation of earthquake faults with
                  gouge: toward a comprehensive explanation for the
                  heat flow paradox},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {21067--21089}
}
@article{mordret13,
  title = {{Near-surface study at the Valhall oil field from
                  ambient noise surface wave tomography}},
  author = {Mordret, A. and Land{\`e}s, M. and Shapiro, N.M. and
                  Singh, S.C. and Roux, P. and Barkved, O.I.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 193,
  pages = {1627--1643},
  year = 2013
}
@article{moreau97,
  author = {Moreau, M. G. and Berthou, J. Y. and Malod, J.-A.},
  title = {New paleomagnetic {M}esozoic data from the {A}lgarve
                  ({P}ortugal): fast rotation of {I}beria between the
                  {H}auterivian and the {A}ptian},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {686--701}
}
@article{morelli86,
  author = {Morelli, A. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and
                  Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Anisotropy of the inner core inferred from {PKIKP}
                  travel times},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1545--1548}
}
@article{moreno14,
  title = {Locking of the {C}hile subduction zone controlled by
                  fluid pressure before the 2010 earthquake},
  author = {Moreno, Marcos and Haberland, Christian and Oncken,
                  Onno and Rietbrock, Andreas and Angiboust, Samuel
                  and Heidbach, Oliver},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {292--296},
  year = 2014,
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}
}
@article{moresi02,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and Dufour, F. and M{\"{u}}hlhaus,
                  H. B.},
  title = {Mantle convection modeling with viscoelastic/brittle
                  lithosphere: numerical modeling and plate tectonic
                  modeling},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {2335--2356}
}
@article{moresi03,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and Dufour, F. and M{\"{u}}hlhaus,
                  H.-B.},
  title = {A {L}agrangian integration point finite element
                  method for large deformation modeling of
                  viscoelastic geomaterials},
  journal = {J. Comp. Phys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {476--497}
}
@article{moresi07,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and S. Quenette and V. Lemiale and
                  C. M{\'{e}}riaux and W. Appelbe and
                  H.-B. M{\"{u}}hlhaus},
  title = {Computational approaches to studying non-linear
                  dynamics of the crust and mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {69--82}
}
@article{moresi07b,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H. B. and Lemiale,
                  V. and May, D.},
  title = {Incompressible viscous formulations for deformation
                  and yielding of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 282,
  pages = {457--472}
}
@article{moresi14,
  author = {Moresi, L. M. and Betts, P. G. and Miller, M. S. and
                  Cayley, R. A.},
  title = {Dynamics of continental accretion},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 508,
  year = 2014,
  pages = {245--248}
}
@article{moresi95,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and Solomatov, V. S.},
  title = {Numerical Investigations of {2D} Convection with
                  Extremely Large Viscosity Variations},
  journal = {Phys. Fluids},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {2154--2162}
}
@article{moresi96,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Constraints on the lateral strength of slabs from
                  three-dimensional dynamic flow models},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {15--28}
}
@article{moresi98,
  author = {Moresi, L. N. and Solomatov, V. S.},
  title = {{M}antle convection with a brittle lithosphere:
                  thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the
                  {E}arth and {V}enus},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {669--682}
}
@article{moretta95,
  author = {Moretta, A. M. and Sabadini, R.},
  title = {The styles of {T}yrrhenian subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {747--750}
}
@article{morgan04,
  author = {J. Phipps-Morgan and T.J. Reston and C.R. Ranero},
  title = {{Contemporaneous mass extinctions, continental flood
                  basalts, and `impact signals': are mantle
                  plume-induced lithospheric gas explosions the causal
                  link?}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 217,
  pages = {263--284}
}
@incollection{morgan07,
  author = {Morgan, W. J. and Phipps-Morgan, J.},
  title = {Plate velocities in the hotspot reference frame},
  booktitle = {Plates, Plumes, and Planetary Processes},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Foulger, J. R. and Jurdy, D. M.},
  volume = 430,
  series = {Special Papers},
  pages = {65--78},
  address = {Boulder, CO}
}
@article{morgan65,
  author = {Morgan, W. J.},
  title = {Gravity anomalies and convection currents: 1. {A}
                  sphere and a cylinder sinking beneath the surfae of
                  a viscous fluid},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 70,
  pages = {6175--6187}
}
@article{morgan68,
  author = {Morgan, W. J.},
  title = {Rises, trenches, great faults, and crustal blocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {1959--1982}
}
@article{morgan71,
  author = {Morgan, J. P.},
  title = {Convection plumes in the lower mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 230,
  pages = {42--43}
}
@article{morgan72,
  title = {Plate motions and deep mantle convection},
  author = {Morgan, W Jason},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.},
  volume = 132,
  pages = {7--22},
  year = 1972
}
@article{morgan72b,
  title = {Deep mantle convection plumes and plate motions},
  author = {Morgan, W Jason},
  journal = {AAPG Bull.},
  volume = 56,
  pages = {203--213},
  year = 1972
}
@incollection{morgan81,
  author = {Morgan, W. J.},
  title = {{Hotspot tracks and the opening of the Atlantic and
                  Indian Oceans}},
  booktitle = {The Oceanic Lithosphere},
  publisher = {John Wiley},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {C. Emiliani},
  volume = 7,
  series = {The Sea},
  pages = {443--487},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{morgan93,
  title = {Seismic constraints on mantle flow and topography of
                  the 660-km discontinuity: evidence for whole-mantle
                  convection},
  author = {Phipps-Morgan, Jason and Shearer, Peter M},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 365,
  pages = {506--511},
  year = 1993
}
@article{morgan99a,
  author = {Morgan, J. K. and Boettcher, M. S.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of granular shear zones using
                  the distinct element method. 1. {S}hear zone
                  kinematics and the micromechanics of localization},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {2703--2719}
}
@article{morgan99b,
  author = {Morgan, J. K.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of granular shear zones using
                  the distinct element method. 2. {E}ffects of
                  particle size distribution and interparticle
                  friction on mechanical behavior},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {2721--2732}
}
@article{morgan99c,
  title = {Two-stage melting and the geochemical evolution of
                  the mantle: a recipe for mantle plum-pudding},
  author = {Phipps-Morgan, Jason and Morgan, W Jason},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 170,
  pages = {215--239},
  year = 1999
}
@article{mori95,
  title = {{Localized boundary layer below the mid-Pacific
                  velocity anomaly identified from a PcP precursor}},
  author = {Mori, Jim and Helmberger, Donald V},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {20359--20365},
  year = 1995
}
@article{morishige10,
  title = {Construction of semi-dynamic model of subduction
                  zone with given plate kinematics in {3D} sphere},
  author = {Morishige, Manabu and Honda, Satoru and Tackley, PJ},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 62,
  pages = {665--673},
  year = 2010
}
@article{morishige10b,
  title = {Possibility of hot anomaly in the sub-slab mantle as
                  an origin of low seismic velocity anomaly under the
                  subducting {P}acific plate},
  author = {Morishige, M and Honda, S and Yoshida, M},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 183,
  pages = {353--365},
  year = 2010
}
@article{morishige14,
  title = {{Along-arc variation in the 3-D thermal structure
                  around the junction between the Japan and Kurile
                  arcs}},
  author = {Morishige, Manabu and van Keken, Peter E},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {2225--2240},
  year = 2014
}
@article{morley64,
  title = {Paleomagnetism as a means of dating geological
                  events},
  author = {Morley, LW and Larochelle, Andr},
  journal = {Geochronology in Canada},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {39--51},
  year = 1964,
  publisher = {Univ. of Toronto Press. Toronto}
}
@article{morra06,
  author = {Morra, G. and Regenauer-Lieb, K. and Giardini, D.},
  title = {Curvature of oceanic arcs},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {877--880}
}
@article{morra10,
  author = {Morra, G. and D. A. Yuen and L. Boschi and
                  P. Chatelain and P. Koumoutsakos and P. J. Tackley},
  title = {The fate of the slabs interacting with a viscosity
                  hill in mid-mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {271--282}
}
@article{morra13,
  author = {Morra, G. and Seton, M. and Quevedo, L. and
                  M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.},
  title = {Organization of the tectonic plates in the last 200
                  {M}yr},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 373,
  pages = {93--101}
}
@article{morris69,
  title = {{Velocity anisotropy and delay-time maps of the
                  mantle near Hawaii}},
  author = {Morris, G. B. and Raitt, R. W. and Shor Jr, G. G.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 74,
  pages = {4300--4316},
  year = 1969
}
@article{morris84,
  title = {{A boundary-layer analysis of Benard convection in a
                  fluid of strongly temperature-dependent viscosity}},
  author = {Morris, S and Canright, D},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {355--373},
  year = 1984
}
@article{morris90,
  title = {{The subducted component in island arc lavas:
                  constraints from Be isotopes and B--Be systematics}},
  author = {Morris, JD and Leeman, William P and Tera, F},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 344,
  pages = {31--36},
  year = 1990
}
@article{morton15,
  title = {Preliminary Event Detection of Earthquakes Using the
                  {C}ascadia Initiative Data},
  author = {Morton, Emily A. and Bilek, Susan L.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1270--1277},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.}
}
@article{morton86,
  author = {Morton, D. M. and Matti, J. C. and Miller, F. K. and
                  Repenning, C. A.},
  title = {Pleistocene conglomerate from the {S}an {T}imoteo
                  badlands, {S}outhern {C}alifornia; constraints on
                  strike-slip displacements on the {S}an {A}ndreas and
                  {S}an {J}acinto faults},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. Program},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 18,
  pages = 161
}
@article{moschetti10,
  title = {Seismic evidence for widespread western-{US}
                  deep-crustal deformation caused by extension},
  author = {Moschetti, M P and Ritzwoller, MH and Lin, F and
                  Yang, Y},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 464,
  number = 7290,
  pages = 885,
  year = 2010
}
@book{moss08,
  author = {Richard H. Moss and Mustafa Babiker and Sander
                  Brinkman and Eduardo Calvo and Timothy Carter and
                  Jae Edmonds and Ismail Elgizouli and Seita Emori and
                  Lin Erda and Kathy Hibbard and Roger Jones and
                  Mikiko Kainuma and Jessica Kelleher and Jean
                  Francois Lamarque and Martin Manning and Ben
                  Matthews and Jerry Meehl and Leo Meyer and John
                  Mitchell and Nebojsa Nakicenovic and Brian O'Neill
                  and Ramon Pichs and Keywan Riahi and Steven Rose and
                  Paul Runci and Ron Stouffer and Detlef van Vuuren
                  and John Weyant and Tom Wilbanks and Jean Pascal van
                  Ypersele and Monika Zurek},
  title = {Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions,
                  Climate Change, Impacts, and Response Strategies},
  publisher = {Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change},
  year = 2008,
  address = {Geneva}
}
@article{moucha05,
  author = {Moucha, R. and Forte, A. M. and Mitrovica, J. X. and
                  Daradich, A. },
  title = {Geodynamic implications of lateral variations in
                  mantle rheology on convection related observables
                  and inferred viscosity models (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 86,
  number = 52,
  pages = {S41C--1037}
}
@article{moucha07,
  author = {Moucha, R. and Forte, A. M. and Mitrovica, J. X. and
                  Daradich, A. },
  title = {Lateral variations in mantle rheology: implications
                  for convection related surface observables and
                  inferred viscosity models},
  year = 2007,
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 169,
  pages = {113--135}
}
@article{moucha08,
  author = {R. Moucha and A. M. Forte and D. B. Rowley and
                  J. X. Mitrovica and N. A. Simmons and S. P. Grand},
  title = {{Mantle convection and the recent evolution of the
                  Colorado Plateau and the Rio Grande Rift valley}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {439--442}
}
@article{moucha09,
  author = {R. Moucha and A. M. Forte and D. B. Rowley and
                  J. X. Mitrovica and N. A. Simmons and S. P. Grand},
  title = {{Deep mantle forces and the uplift of the Colorado
                  Plateau}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L19310},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL039778}
}
@article{moucha11,
  author = {Moucha, R. and Forte, A. M.},
  title = {Changes in {A}frican topography driven by mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {707--712}
}
@article{moucha15,
  title = {{Interplay between dynamic topography and flexure
                  along the US Atlantic passive margin: Insights from
                  landscape evolution modeling}},
  author = {R. Moucha and G. A. Ruetenik and G. D. Hoke and
                  A. Rovere},
  journal = {EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 17,
  pages = 8034
}
@article{moulik14,
  author = {Moulik, P. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {An anisotropic shear velocity model of the {E}arth's
                  mantle using normal modes, body waves, surface waves
                  and long-period waveforms},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {1713--1738}
}
@article{mound23,
  author = {Mound, J. E. and Davies, C. J.},
  title = {{Longitudinal structure of Earth’s magnetic field
                  controlled by lower mantle heat flow}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {380--385}
}
@article{mousavi21,
  title = {{Lowermost mantle shear-velocity structure from
                  hierarchical trans-dimensional bayesian tomography}},
  author = {Mousavi, Sima and Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Hrvoje and
                  Hawkins, Rhys and Sambridge, Malcolm},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {{e2020JB021557}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{mouthereau13,
  author = {Mouthereau, F. and Watts, A. B. and Burov, E. B.},
  title = {Structure of orogenic belts controlled by
                  lithosphere age},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {785--789}
}
@article{msimons02,
  author = {Simons, M. and Y. Fialko and L. Rivera},
  title = {Co-seismic static deformation from the 1999
                  {$M_w7.1$} {Hector Mine California} earthquake as
                  inferred from {InSAR} and {GPS} observations},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {1390--1402}
}
@misc{mtmod24,
  author = {{NSF-FRES: MTMOD Collaboration}},
  title = {{MTMOD Summer School}. Lecture and tutorial material
                  and software repository},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{sites.utexas.edu/mtmod/mtmod-summer-school/},
                  accessed 03/2024},
  year = 2024
}
@article{muehlhaus02,
  author = {M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H.-B. and Moresi, L. N. and Hobbs,
                  B. and Dufour, F.},
  title = {Large Amplitude Folding in Finely Layered
                  Viscoelastic Rock Structures},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {2311--2333}
}
@article{muehlhaus04,
  author = {M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H.-B. and Moresi, L. N. and Cada,
                  M.},
  title = {Emergent Anisotropy and Flow Alignment in Viscous
                  Rock},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {2451--2463}
}
@article{muehlhaus05,
  author = {M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H. B. and Regenauer-Lieb, K.},
  title = {A self-consistent plate mantle model that includes
                  elasticity: computational aspects and application to
                  basic modes of comvection},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365–246X.2005.02742.x}
}
@misc{mueller00,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, B. and Reinecker, J. and Fuchs, K.},
  title = {The 2000 release of the {W}orld {S}tress {M}ap},
  note = {Online at \url{www.world-stress-map.org}, {\em cf.}\
                  \cite{zoback92}.},
  year = 2000
}
@article{mueller08a,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and Sdrolias, M. and Gaina,
                  C. and Roest, W. R.},
  title = {Age, spreading rates and spreading asymmetry of the
                  world's ocean crust},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q04006},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001743}
}
@article{mueller08b,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and Sdrolias, M. and Gaina,
                  C. and Steinberger, B. and Heine, C.},
  title = {Long-Term Sea-Level Fluctuations Driven by Ocean
                  Basin Dynamics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 319,
  pages = {1357--1362}
}
@article{mueller16,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and Seton, M. and Zahirovic,
                  S. and Williams, S. E. and Matthews, K. J. and
                  Wright, N. M. and Shephard, G. E. and Maloney,
                  K. T. and Barnett-Moore, N. and Hosseinpour, M. and
                  Bower, D. J. and Cannon, J.},
  title = {Ocean basin evolution and global-scale plate
                  reorganization events since {P}angea breakup},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {107--138}
}
@article{mueller22,
  title = {A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since
                  1 billion years ago--implications for supercontinent
                  cycles and plate--mantle system evolution},
  author = {M{\"u}ller, R Dietmar and Flament, Nicolas and
                  Cannon, John and Tetley, Michael G and Williams,
                  Simon E and Cao, Xianzhi and Bodur, {\"O}mer F and
                  Zahirovic, Sabin and Merdith, Andrew},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1127--1159},
  year = 2022
}
@article{mueller91,
  author = {Mueller, S. and Phillips, R. J.},
  title = {On the initiation of subduction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {651--665}
}
@article{mueller97,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, D. and Roest, W. R. and Royer,
                  J.-Y. and Gahagan, L. M. and Sclater, J. G.},
  title = {Digital Isochrons of the World's Ocean Floor},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {3211--3214},
  note = {{\small {\tt
                  http://Omphacite.es.su.oz.au/StaffProfiles/dietmar/Agegrid/agegrid.html}}}
}
@article{mueller97wourl,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, D. and Roest, W. R. and Royer,
                  J.-Y. and Gahagan, L. M. and Sclater, J. G.},
  title = {Digital Isochrons of the World's Ocean Floor},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {3211--3214}
}
@article{mueller98,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, G.},
  title = {Starch columns - analog model for basalt columns},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {15239--15253}
}
@article{muellerb97,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, B. and Wehrle, V. and Fuchs, K.},
  title = {The 1997 release of the {W}orld {S}tress {M}ap},
  journal = {{\url
                  http://www-wsm.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/Rel97/wsm97.html}},
  year = 1997
}
@misc{muellerelast,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, G.},
  title = {Theorie elastischer {W}ellen},
  howpublished = {Skriptum zur {V}orlesung}
}
@misc{muellerhfl,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, G. and Schweitzer, J.},
  title = {Beschreibungen der {H}erdl{\"{o}}sungstechnik}
}
@misc{muellerseis,
  author = {M{\"{u}}ller, G.},
  title = {Seismologie},
  howpublished = {Skriptum zur {V}orlesung}
}
@article{muhlhaus05,
  author = {M{\"{u}}hlhaus, H.-B. and Regenauer-Lieb, K.},
  title = {Towards a self-consistent plate mantle model that
                  includes elasticity: simple benchmarks and
                  application to basic modes of convection},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {788--800}
}
@article{muir21,
  title = {The effect of water on the post-spinel transition
                  and evidence for extreme water contents at the
                  bottom of the transition zone},
  author = {Muir, Joshua MR and Zhang, Feiwu and Brodholt, John
                  P},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 565,
  pages = 116909,
  year = 2021
}
@article{mukhopadhyay12,
  title = {Early differentiation and volatile accretion
                  recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon},
  author = {Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 486,
  pages = {101--104},
  year = 2012
}
@article{mukhopadhyay19,
  title = {{Noble gases: A record of Earth’s evolution and
                  mantle dynamics}},
  author = {Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy and Parai, Rita},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {389--419},
  year = 2019
}
@article{mulargia95,
  author = {Mulargia, F. and Gasperini, P.},
  title = {Evaluation of the applicability of the time- and
                  slip-predictable earthquake recurrence models to
                  {I}talian seismicity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {453--473}
}
@article{muldashev20,
  title = {What Controls Maximum Magnitudes of Giant Subduction
                  Earthquakes?},
  author = {Muldashev, Iskander A and Sobolev, Stephan V},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  number = 9,
  pages = {{e2020GC009145}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{mulia20,
  title = {Developments of tsunami observing systems in Japan},
  author = {Mulia, Iyan E and Satake, Kenji},
  journal = {Front. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = 145,
  year = 2020
}
@article{mulyukova18,
  author = {Mulyukova, R. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {Collapse of passive margins by lithospheric damage
                  and pluning grain size},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 484,
  pages = {341--352}
}
@article{mundl17,
  title = {Tungsten-182 heterogeneity in modern ocean island
                  basalts},
  author = {Mundl-Petermeier, Andrea and Touboul, Mathieu and
                  Jackson, Matthew G and Day, James MD and Kurz, Mark
                  D and Lekic, Vedran and Helz, Rosalind T and Walker,
                  Richard J},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 356,
  pages = {66--69},
  year = 2017
}
@article{mundl20,
  title = {{Anomalous 182W in high 3He/4He ocean island
                  basalts: Fingerprints of Earth’s core?}},
  author = {Mundl-Petermeier, Anomalous and Walker, RJ and
                  Fischer, RA and Lekic, V and Jackson, MG and Kurz,
                  MD},
  journal = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
  volume = 271,
  pages = {194--211},
  year = 2020
}
@article{murakami02,
  title = {Water in {E}arth's lower mantle},
  author = {Murakami, Motohiko and Hirose, Kei and Yurimoto,
                  Hisayoshi and Nakashima, Satoru and Takafuji, Naoto},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 295,
  pages = {1885--1887},
  year = 2002
}
@article{muramoto19,
  title = {Seafloor crustal deformation on ocean bottom
                  pressure records with nontidal variability
                  corrections: {Application to Hikurangi Margin, New
                  Zealand}},
  author = {Muramoto, Tomoya and Ito, Yoshihiro and Inazu,
                  Daisuke and Wallace, Laura M and Hino, Ryota and
                  Suzuki, Syuichi and Webb, Spahr C and Henrys,
                  Stuart},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {303--310},
  year = 2019
}
@article{murphy03,
  title = {{Do supercontinents introvert or extrovert?: Sm-Nd
                  isotope evidence}},
  author = {Murphy, J Brendan and Nance, R Damian},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 31,
  pages = {873--876},
  year = 2003
}
@article{murphy09,
  title = {{Contrasting modes of supercontinent formation and
                  the conundrum of Pangea}},
  author = {Murphy, J Brendan and Nance, R Damian and Cawood,
                  Peter A},
  journal = {Gondw. Res.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {408--420},
  year = 2009
}
@article{murphy10,
  author = {Murphy, M. and V. Sanchez and M. Taylor},
  title = {{Syncollisional extension along the India-Asia
                  suture zone, south-central Tibet: Implications for
                  crustal deformation of Tibet}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 290,
  pages = {233--243}
}
@article{murphy91,
  title = {Supercontinent model for the contrasting character
                  of {L}ate {P}roterozoic orogenic belts},
  author = {Murphy, J Brendan and Nance, R Damian},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {469--472},
  year = 1991
}
@book{musgrave70,
  author = {Musgrave, M.},
  title = {Crystal Acoustics},
  publisher = {Holden-Day},
  year = 1970,
  address = {San Francisco}
}
@article{muto19,
  author = {Muto, J. and Moore, J. D. P. and Barbot, S. and
                  Iinuma, T. and Ohta, Y. and Iwamori, H.},
  title = {Coupled afterslip and transient mantle flow after
                  the 2011 {T}ohoku earthquake},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 5,
  number = 9,
  pages = {10.1126/sciadv.aaw1164}
}
@article{mutter82,
  title = {{Origin of seaward-dipping reflectors in oceanic
                  crust off the Norwegian margin by ``subaerial
                  sea-floor spreading''}},
  author = {Mutter, John C and Talwani, Manik and Stoffa, Paul
                  L},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {353--357},
  year = 1982
}
@incollection{nabarro48,
  author = {Nabarro, F. R. N.},
  title = {Deformation of Crystals by the Motion of Single
                  Lons},
  booktitle = {Report of a Conference on the Strength of Solids
                  (Bristol, U.K.)},
  publisher = {Physical Society},
  year = 1948,
  pages = {75--90},
  address = {London}
}
@article{nadinsaleeby10,
  author = {Nadin, Elisabeth S. and Saleeby, Jason B.},
  title = {{Quaternary reactivation of the Kern Canyon fault
                  system, southern Sierra Nevada, California}},
  journal = {{Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.}},
  year = {{2010}},
  volume = {{122}},
  pages = {{1671-1685}}
}
@article{nagata12,
  title = {A revised rate-and state-dependent friction law
                  obtained by constraining constitutive and evolution
                  laws separately with laboratory data},
  author = {Nagata, K and Nakatani, M and Yoshida, S},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B02314},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008818},
  year = 2012
}
@article{nagata14,
  author = {Nagata, K. and Kilgore, B. and Beeler, N.M. and
                  Nakatani, M.},
  title = {High-frequency imaging of elastic contrast and
                  contact area with implications for naturally
                  observed changes in fault properties},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {5855--5875}
}
@article{nagel08,
  author = {Nagel, T. J. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Malinverno,
                  A. and Buck, W. R.},
  title = {Pacific trench motions controlled by the asymmetric
                  plate configuration},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 27,
  doi = {10.1029/2007TC002183}
}
@article{nagihara96,
  author = {Nagihara, S. and Lister, C. R. B. and Sclater,
                  J. G.},
  title = {Reheating of old oceanic lithosphere: Deductions
                  from observations},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 139,
  pages = {91--104}
}
@article{naif13,
  author = {Naif, S. and Key, K. and Constable, S.  and Evans,
                  R. L. },
  title = {Melt-rich channel observed at the
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 495,
  pages = {356--359}
}
@article{naif15,
  author = {Naif, S. and Key, K. and Constable, S.  and Evans,
                  R. L. },
  title = {Water-rich bending faults at the {Middle America
                  Trench}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {2582--2597},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GC005927}
}
@article{najman00,
  title = {{Reconstructing early Himalayan tectonic evolution
                  and paleogeography from Tertiary foreland basin
                  sedimentary rocks, northern India}},
  author = {Najman, Yani and Garzanti, Eduardo},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 112,
  pages = {435--449},
  year = 2000
}
@article{nakagawa04,
  title = {Effects of a perovskite-post perovskite phase change
                  near core-mantle boundary in compressible mantle
                  convection},
  author = {Nakagawa, Takashi and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  number = 16,
  year = 2004
}
@article{nakagawa08,
  title = {{Lateral variations in CMB heat flux and deep mantle
                  seismic velocity caused by a thermal--chemical-phase
                  boundary layer in 3D spherical convection}},
  author = {Nakagawa, Takashi and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 271,
  pages = {348--358},
  year = 2008
}
@article{nakagawa09,
  author = {Nakagawa, T. and P. J. Tackley and F. Deschamps and
                  J. A. D. Connolly},
  title = {Incorporating self-consistently calculated mineral
                  physics into thermochemical mantle convection
                  simulations in a {3-D} spherical shell and its
                  influence on seismic anomalies in {Earth's} mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q03004},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002280}
}
@article{nakagawa09b,
  title = {{Development and validation of GEONET new analysis
                  strategy (Version 4) (in Japanese)}},
  author = {Nakagawa, H},
  journal = {J. Geogr. Surv. Inst.},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {1--8},
  year = 2009
}
@article{nakagawa10,
  author = {Nakagawa, T. and P. J. Tackley and F. Deschamps and
                  J. A. D. Connolly},
  title = {{The influence of MORB and Harzburgite composition
                  on the thermo-chemical mantle convection in a 3D
                  spherical shell with self-consistently calculated
                  mineral physics}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {403--412}
}
@article{nakagawa19,
  title = {Dynamics in the uppermost lower mantle: insights
                  into the deep mantle water cycle based on the
                  numerical modeling of subducted slabs and
                  global-scale mantle dynamics},
  author = {Nakagawa, Takashi and Nakakuki, Tomoeki},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {41--66},
  year = 2019
}
@article{nakagawa21,
  title = {Influence of realistic rheological properties on the
                  style of mantle convection: roles of dynamic
                  friction and depth-dependence of rheological
                  properties},
  author = {Nakagawa, Takashi and Karato, Shun-ichiro},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 226,
  pages = {1986--1996},
  year = 2021
}
@article{nakajima01,
  author = {Nakajima, J. and Matsuzawa, T. and Hasegawa, A. and
                  Zhao, D.},
  title = {Seismic imaging of arc magma and fluids under the
                  central part of northeastern {J}apan},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 341,
  pages = {1--17}
}
@article{nakakuki10,
  author = {Nakakuki, T.  and Tagawa, M. and Iwase, Y.},
  title = {Dynamical mechanisms controlling formation and
                  avalanche of a stagnant slab},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {309–-320}
}
@article{nakakuki13,
  title = {Dynamics of slab rollback and induced back-arc basin
                  formation},
  author = {Nakakuki, T. and Mura, E.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 361,
  pages = {287--297},
  year = 2013
}
@article{nakamura16,
  author = {W. Nakamura and N. Uchida and T. Matsuzawa},
  title = {{Spatial distribution of the faulting types of small
                  earthquakes around the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake: A
                  comprehensive search using template events}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {2591--2607},
  month = {10.1002/2015JB012584}
}
@article{nakamura83,
  title = {Seismic velocity structure of the lunar mantle},
  author = {Nakamura, Yosio},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {677--686},
  year = 1983
}
@incollection{nakanishi18,
  author = {Nakanishi, A. and Takahashi, N. and Yamamoto, Y. and
                  Takahashi, T. and Citak, S.O. and Nakamura, T. and
                  Obana, K. and Kodaira, S.  and Kaneda, Y.},
  title = {Three-dimensional plate geometry and {P-wave}
                  velocity models of the subduction zone in {SW
                  Japan}: {I}mplications for seismogenesis},
  booktitle = {Geology and Tectonics of Subduction Zones: A Tribute
                  to Gaku Kimura},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2018,
  editor = {Byrne, T. and Underwood, M.B. and Fisher, D. and
                  McNeill, L. and Saffer, D. and Ujiie, K. and
                  Yamaguchi, A.},
  volume = 534,
  series = {Geol Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap.},
  pages = {69--86}
}
@article{nakanishi90,
  author = {Nakanishi, H.},
  title = {Cellular automaton model of earthquakes with
                  deterministic dynamics},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {7086--7089}
}
@article{nakata11,
  title = {{Near-surface weakening in Japan after the 2011
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Nakata, Nori and Snieder, Roel},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = 17,
  year = 2011
}
@article{nakatani01,
  author = {Nakatani, M.},
  title = {Conceptual and physical clarification of rate and
                  state friction: {F}rictional sliding as a thermally
                  activated rheology},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {13347--13380}
}
@article{nakiboglu82,
  author = {Nakiboglu, S. M.},
  title = {Hydrostatic theory of the {E}arth and its mechanical
                  implications},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {302--311}
}
@article{nakiboglu83,
  title = {{A reevaluation of the isostatic rebound of Lake
                  Bonneville}},
  author = {Nakiboglu, S Mete and Lambeck, Kurt},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {10439--10447},
  year = 1983
}
@article{nalbant02,
  title = {{Stress accumulation and increased seismic risk in
                  eastern Turkey}},
  author = {Nalbant, Suleyman S and McCloskey, John and Steacy,
                  Sandy and Barka, Aykut A},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 195,
  pages = {291--298},
  year = 2002
}
@article{nalbant96,
  author = {Nalbant, S. and Barka, A. A. and Alpetkin, {\"{O}}.},
  title = {Failure Stress Change Caused by the 1992 {E}rzincan
                  Earthquake ({M}s=6.8)},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1561--15},
  annote = {coulomb stress}
}
@article{nalbant98,
  author = {Nalbant, S. S. and Hubert, A. and King, G. C. P.},
  title = {Stress coupling between earthquakes in northwest
                  {T}urkey and the north {A}gean {S}ea},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24469--24486}
}
@article{naliboff12,
  title = {The effects of lithospheric thickness and density
                  structure on {E}arth's stress field},
  author = {Naliboff, John Benjamin and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C
                  and Ruff, Larry J and de Koker, N},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 188,
  pages = {1--17}
}
@article{naliboff13,
  author = {Naliboff, John B. and Billen, Magali I. and Gerya,
                  Taras and Saunders, Jessie},
  title = {Dynamics of outer-rise faulting in
                  oceanic-continental subduction systems},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {2310--2327},
  year = 2013
}
@inproceedings{naliboff17,
  title = {{3D numerical simulations of multiphase continental
                  rifting}},
  author = {Naliboff, John and Glerum, A and Brune, S},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2017
}
@article{nance14,
  author = {Nance, R. D. and Murphy, J. B. and Santosh, M.},
  title = {The supercontinent cycle: {A} retrospective essay},
  journal = {Gondw. Res.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {4--29}
}
@article{nanjo12,
  author = {Nanjo, K. Z. and N. Hirata and K. Obara and
                  K. Kasahara},
  title = {Decade-scale decrease in $b$ value prior to the
                  {M9}-class 2011 {Tohoku and 2004 Sumatra} quakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L20304},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL052997}
}
@book{nansen22,
  author = {Nansen, F.},
  title = {The strandflat and isostasy},
  publisher = {Kristiania. I Kommission hos Jacob Dybwad},
  year = 1922
}
@article{naranjo86,
  author = {Naranjo, J. L. and H. Sigurdsson and S. N. Carey and
                  W. G. Fritz},
  title = {{Eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, on
                  13 November, 1985: Tephra fall and lahars}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 233,
  pages = {961--963}
}
@article{narteau09,
  author = {C. Narteau and S. Byrdina and P. Shebalin and
                  D. Schorlemmer},
  title = {Common dependence on stress for the two fundamental
                  laws of statistical seismology},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 462,
  pages = {642--646}
}
@misc{narvaez07,
  author = {Narv{\'{a}}ez, L. and Tob{\'{o}}n, R.},
  title = {{Petrograf{\'{i}}a y geoqu{\'{i}}mica del campo de
                  lavas de Tarapac{\'{a}}, Santa Rosa de Cabal,
                  Risaralda, {T}rabajo de {G}rado}},
  howpublished = {Departamento de Geolog{\'{i}}a Universidad de
                  Caldas},
  year = 2007
}
@book{nas_cores20,
  author = {{National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
                  Medicine}},
  title = {A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030: Earth in
                  Time},
  publisher = {The National Academies Press},
  address = {Washington DC},
  year = 2020,
  doi = {10.17226/25761}
}
@book{nas_erupt17,
  author = {{National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
                  Medicine}},
  title = {Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest,
                  Precursors, and Timing},
  publisher = {The National Academies Press},
  address = {Washington DC},
  year = 2017,
  doi = {10.17226/24650}
}
@unpublished{nasa03,
  author = {NASA},
  title = {Earth Science Enterprise Strategy 2003},
  note = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
                  Washington DC},
  year = 2003
}
@book{nasaexo23,
  author = {{NASA Exoplanet Science Institute}},
  title = {NASA Exoplanet Archive},
  publisher = {California Institute of Technology},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.26133/NEA12},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/}, accessed
                  11/2023}
}
@book{nasem23_dt,
  author = {{NASEM}},
  title = {Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for
                  Digital Twins},
  publisher = {The National Academies Press},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.17226/26894},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  note = {National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
                  Medicine}
}
@article{nash58,
  title = {Continuity of solutions of parabolic and elliptic
                  equations},
  author = {Nash, John},
  journal = {Amer. J. Math.},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {931--954},
  year = 1958
}
@article{nataf00,
  author = {Nataf, H.-C.},
  title = {Seismic imaging of mantle plumes},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {391--417}
}
@article{nataf84,
  author = {Nataf, H.-C. and Nakanishi, I. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Anisotropy and shear velocity heterogeneity in the
                  upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {109--112}
}
@article{nataf86,
  author = {Nataf, H.-C. and Nakanishi, I. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Measurements of mantle wave velocities and inversion
                  for lateral heterogeneities and anisotropy. {P}art
                  {III}. {I}nversion},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {7261--7307}
}
@article{nataf96,
  author = {Nataf, H.-C. and Ricard, Y.},
  title = {{3SMAC}: {A}n {\em a priori} tomographic model of
                  the upper mantle based on geophysical modeling},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {101--122}
}
@article{natarov12,
  author = {Natarov, S. I. and Conrad, C. P.},
  title = {{The role of Poiseuille flow in creating
                  depth-variation of asthenospheric shear}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 190,
  pages = {1297--1310}
}
@article{naylor86,
  title = {Fault geometries in basement-induced wrench faulting
                  under different initial stress states},
  author = {Naylor, MA and Supesteijn, CHK},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {737--752},
  year = 1986
}
@misc{ncedc14,
  author = {NCEDC},
  title = {{Northern California Earthquake Data Center}},
  howpublished = {Dataset. UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory},
  doi = {10.7932/NCEDC},
  note = {accessed 12/2014},
  year = 2014
}
@misc{ncsn08,
  author = {{USGS NCSN}},
  title = {USGS NCSN catalog},
  howpublished = {Northern California Earthquake Data Center, Berkeley
                  CA},
  year = 2008,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.ncedc.org/ncedc/catalog-search.html},
                  accessed January 2008}
}
@mastersthesis{nehl,
  author = {Nehl, B.},
  title = {Statistische Untersuchungen von Erdbeben in der
                  T{\"{u}}rbei im Zeitraum 1800--1981},
  school = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Geophysik der
                  Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"{a}}t zu Kiel},
  year = {?},
  address = {Kiel}
}
@article{nelder65,
  author = {Nelder, J. A. and Mead, R.},
  title = {A simplex method for function minimization},
  journal = {Computer Journal},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {308--313}
}
@article{nelson06,
  title = {Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the
                  {C}ascadia subduction zone},
  author = {Nelson, Alan R and Kelsey, Harvey M and Witter,
                  Robert C},
  journal = {Quat. Res.},
  volume = 65,
  pages = {354--365},
  year = 2006
}
@article{nelson18,
  title = {{Lower-mantle plume beneath the Yellowstone hotspot
                  revealed by core waves}},
  author = {Nelson, Peter L and Grand, Stephen P},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {280--284},
  year = 2018
}
@article{nerlich16,
  author = {R. Nerlich and L. Colli and S. Ghelichkhan and
                  B. Schuberth and H.-P. Bunge},
  title = {Mantle convection models constrain central
                  {Neo-Tethys Ocean} reconstructions},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {9595--9603}
}
@article{nettles07,
  author = {Nettles, M. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Radially anisotropic shear-velocity structure of the
                  upper mantle globally and beneath {N}orth {A}merica},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B02303},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004819},
  year = 2008
}
@article{neugebauer,
  author = {Neugebauer, J.},
  title = {Structures and Kinematics of the {N}orth {A}natolian
                  {F}ault Zone, {A}dapazarri-{B}olu Region, Northwest
                  {T}urkey},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {119--134}
}
@article{newcomb87,
  title = {{Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda
                  Arc}},
  author = {Newcomb, KR and McCann, WR},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {421--439},
  year = 1987
}
@book{ngdc_sig,
  author = {Dunbar, P. K. and Lockridge, P. A. and Whitewide,
                  L. S.},
  title = {Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2150 {B.C.}--1991
                  {A.D.}},
  publisher = {National Geophysical Data Center},
  series = {Report SE-49},
  year = 1997,
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  note = {{\small {\tt
                  http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/sigintro.html}}
                  }
}
@article{ni02,
  author = {Ni, SD and Tan E and Gurnis M and Helmberger DV},
  title = {{Sharp sides to the African superplume}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {1850--1852}
}
@article{nicholson00,
  author = {{Nicholson}, T. and {Sambridge}, M. and
                  {Gudmundsson}, {\'O}. },
  title = {{On entropy and clustering in earthquake hypocentre
                  distributions}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  month = jul,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {37-51}
}
@article{nicholsonetal94,
  author = {Nicholson, C and Sorlien, CC and Atwater, T and
                  Crowell, JC and Luyendyk, BP},
  title = {{Microplate capture, rotation of the Western
                  Transverse Ranges, and initiation of the San-Andreas
                  transform as a low-angle fault system}},
  journal = {{Geology}},
  year = {{1994}},
  volume = {{22}},
  pages = {{491--495}}
}
@article{nicolas73,
  author = {Nicolas, A. and Boudier, F. and Bouillier, A. M.},
  title = {Mechanisms of flow in naturally and experimentally
                  deformed peridotites},
  journal = {Am. J. Seis.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 273,
  pages = {853--876}
}
@incollection{nicolas87,
  author = {Nicolas, A. and Christensen, N. I.},
  title = {Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites;
                  a review},
  booktitle = {Composition, structure and dynamics of the
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere system},
  pages = {111--123},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1987,
  editor = {Fuchs, K. and Froidevaux, C.},
  volume = 16,
  series = {Geodynamics},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{nie10,
  author = {Nie, J. and Horton, B. K. and Mora, A. and Saylor,
                  J. E. and Housh, T. B. and Rubiano, J. and Naranjo,
                  J.},
  title = {{Tracking exhumation of Andean ranges bounding the
                  Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {451--454}
}
@techreport{nied16,
  author = {{NIED}},
  title = {F-net {NIED} Seismic Moment Tensor Catalogue},
  institution = {National Research Institute for Earth Science and
                  Disaster Prevention},
  year = 2016,
  address = {Tsukuba, Japan},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.fnet.bosai.go.jp/fnet/event}, accessed
                  09/2016}
}
@article{niederer21,
  title = {Scaling digital twins from the artisanal to the
                  industrial},
  author = {Niederer, Steven A and Sacks, Michael S and
                  Girolami, Mark and Willcox, Karen},
  journal = {Nature Comp. Sci.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {313--320},
  year = 2021
}
@inproceedings{niehuus05,
  author = {Niehuus, K. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Temporal geoid variations as constraint in global
                  geodynamics},
  booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Numerical Modeling of
                  Mantle Convection and Lithospheric Dynamics},
  pages = {15--16},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {Boschi, E.},
  volume = 36,
  series = {International School of Geophysics},
  address = {Erice, Sicily},
  organization = {Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for
                  Scienftific Culture}
}
@article{nielsen92,
  author = {Nielsen, S. B. and Tarantola, A.},
  title = {Numerical Model of Seismic Rupture},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {15291--15295},
  month = {October}
}
@article{nielsen95,
  author = {Nielsen, S. and Knopoff, L. and Tarantola, A.},
  title = {Model of earthquake recurrence: {R}ole of elastic
                  wave radiation, relaxation of friction, and
                  inhomogeneity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {12423--12430}
}
@article{niemi08,
  author = {Niemi, N. A. and Oskin, M. and Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {{Southern California Earthquake Center geologic
                  vertical motion database}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q07010},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002017}
}
@article{nikkhoo15,
  title = {Triangular dislocation: an analytical, artefact-free
                  solution},
  author = {Nikkhoo, Mehdi and Walter, Thomas R},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 201,
  pages = {1119--1141},
  year = 2015
}
@article{nikolaeva10,
  author = {Nikolaeva, K. and Gerya, T. V.  and Marques, F. O.},
  title = {Subduction initiation at passive margins:
                  {N}umerical modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B03406},
  pages = {10.1029/2009JB006549}
}
@article{nikolaeva11,
  author = {K. Nikolaeva and T. V. Gerya and F. O. Marques},
  title = {{Numerical analysis of subduction initiation risk
                  along the Atlantic American passive margins}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {463--466}
}
@article{nimmo02,
  title = {Causes, characteristics and consequences of
                  convective diapirism on {E}uropa},
  author = {Nimmo, Francis and Manga, Michael},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 29,
  number = 23,
  pages = 2109,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL015754},
  year = 2002
}
@article{nimmo02b,
  title = {Why does {V}enus lack a magnetic field?},
  author = {Nimmo, Francis},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 30,
  pages = {987--990},
  year = 2002
}
@incollection{nimmo09,
  title = {Geodynamics of {E}uropa's icy shell},
  author = {Nimmo, Francis and Manga, Michael},
  booktitle = {Europa},
  pages = {381--404},
  year = 2009,
  publisher = {University of Arizona Press Tucson}
}
@article{nimmo98,
  title = {{Volcanism and tectonics on Venus}},
  author = {Nimmo, F and McKenzie, D},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {23--51},
  year = 1998
}
@article{nishenko87,
  author = {Nishenko, S. P. and Buland, R.},
  title = {A generic recurrence interval distribution for
                  earthquake forecasting},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {1382--13899}
}
@article{nishikawa14,
  author = {Nishikawa, T. and Ide, S.},
  title = {Earthquake size distribution in subduction zones
                  linked to slab buoyancy},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {904--908}
}
@article{nishikawa19,
  title = {{The slow earthquake spectrum in the Japan Trench
                  illuminated by the S-net seafloor observatories}},
  author = {Nishikawa, T and Matsuzawa, T and Ohta, K and
                  Uchida, N and Nishimura, T and Ide, S},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 365,
  pages = {808--813},
  year = 2019
}
@article{nishikawa23,
  title = {{A review on slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench}},
  author = {Nishikawa, Tomoaki and Ide, Satoshi and Nishimura,
                  Takuya},
  journal = {Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1--51},
  year = 2023
}
@article{nishimura04,
  author = {T. Nishimura and T. Hirasawa and S. Miyazaki and
                  T. Sagiya and T. Tada and S. Miura and K. Tanaka},
  title = {{Temporal change of interplate coupling in
                  northeastern Japan during 1995-2002 estimated from
                  continuous GPS observations}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {901--916}
}
@article{nishimura11,
  author = {Nishimura, T. and Munekane, H. and Yarai, H.},
  title = {{The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake
                  and its aftershocks observed by GEONET}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 63,
  pages = {631--636}
}
@article{nishimura23,
  author = {Nishimura, T. and Hiramatsu, Y. and Ohta, Y.},
  title = {{Episodic transient deformation revealed by the
                  analysis of multiple GNSS networks in the Noto
                  Peninsula, central Japan}},
  journal = {Sci. Rep.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 13,
  pages = 8381
}
@article{nishimura89,
  author = {Nishi\-mura, C. E. and Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {The anisotropic structure of the upper mantle in the
                  {P}acific},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {203--229}
}
@article{nishizawa01,
  title = {Seismic velocity anisotropy in mica-rich rocks: {A}n
                  inclusion model},
  author = {Nishizawa, O and Yoshino, T},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 145,
  number = 1,
  pages = {19--32},
  year = 2001
}
@article{nishizawa84,
  author = {Nishizawa, O. and Onai, K. and Kusunose, K.},
  title = {{Hypocenter distribution and focal mechanism of AE
                  events during two stress stage creep in Yugawara
                  andesite}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 19984,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {36--52}
}
@article{niu01,
  author = {Niu, F. and Wen, L.},
  title = {{Strong seismic scatterers near the core-mantle
                  boundary west of Mexico}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {3557--3560}
}
@article{niu03,
  author = {F. Niu and H. Kawakatsu and Y. Fukao},
  title = {Seismic evidence for a chemical heterogeneity in the
                  mid-mantle: a strong and slightly dipping seismic
                  reflector beneath the {M}arianas subduction zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2419,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002384}
}
@article{niu04,
  author = {F. Niu and Perez, A. M.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy in the lower mantle: {A}
                  comparison of waveform splitting of {$SKS$ and
                  $SKKS$}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L24612},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL0211196}
}
@article{niu05,
  author = {F. Niu and A. Levander and S. Ham and M. Obayashi},
  title = {{Mapping the subducting Pacific slab beneath
                  southwest Japan with Hi-net receiver functions}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 239,
  pages = {9--17}
}
@article{niu07,
  author = {F. Niu and T. Baldwin and G. Pavlis and F. Vernon
                  and H. Rendon and A. Levander},
  title = {{Receiver function study of the crustal structure of
                  the southeastern Caribbean plate boundary and
                  Venezuela}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B11308},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004802}
}
@article{niu16,
  title = {The meaning of global ocean ridge basalt major
                  element compositions},
  author = {Niu, Yaoling},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  volume = 57,
  pages = {2081--2103},
  year = 2016
}
@article{niu95,
  author = {Niu, Z.-R. and Chen, D.-M.},
  title = {Lyapunov exponent and dimension of the strange
                  attractor of elastic frictional system},
  journal = {Acta Seimol. Sin.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {575--584}
}
@misc{noaa22_etopo2022,
  author = {{NOAA}},
  title = {{ETOPO 2022 15 Arc-Second Global Relief Model}},
  howpublished = {NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information},
  doi = {10.25921/fd45-gt74},
  year = 2022,
  note = {accessed 12/2023}
}
@article{noack14,
  title = {Plate tectonics on rocky exoplanets: influence of
                  initial conditions and mantle rheology},
  author = {Noack, Lena and Breuer, Doris},
  journal = {Plane. Space Sc.},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {41--49},
  year = 2014
}
@article{noack97,
  author = {Noack, T. and Kruspan, P. and F{\"{a}}h and
                  R{\"{u}}ttener, E.},
  title = {A detailed rating scheme for seismic microzonation
                  based on geological and geotechnical data and
                  numerical modelling applied to the city of {B}asel},
  journal = {Eclogae geol. Helv.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {433--448}
}
@article{noda13,
  author = {Noda, Hiroyuki and Lapusta, Nadia},
  journal = {Nature},
  pages = {518--521},
  title = {Stable creeping fault segments can become
                  destructive as a result of dynamic weakening},
  volume = 493,
  year = 2013
}
@article{noda15,
  author = {Noda, H. and Lapusta, N.},
  title = {Three-dimensional earthquake sequence simulations
                  with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to
                  shear heating: effect of heterogeneous hydraulic
                  diffusivity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 115,
  volume = {B12314},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007780}
}
@article{noda16,
  title = {Forearc basins: {T}ypes, geometries, and
                  relationships to subduction zone dynamics},
  author = {Noda, Atsushi},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {879--895},
  year = 2016
}
@article{nolet06,
  author = {Nolet, G. and Karato, S.-i. and Montelli, R.},
  title = {Plume fluxes from seismic tomography},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 248,
  pages = {685--699}
}
@article{nolet07,
  title = {Mantle plume tomography},
  author = {Nolet, Guust and Allen, Richard and Zhao, Dapeng},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  volume = 241,
  pages = {248--263},
  year = 2007
}
@article{nolet09,
  author = {Nolet, G.},
  title = {Slabs do not go gently},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 324,
  pages = {1152--1153}
}
@article{nolet94,
  author = {Nolet, G. and Zielhuis, A.},
  title = {{Low S velocities nuder the Tornquist-Teisseyre
                  zone: evidence for water injection into the
                  transition zone by subduction}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15813--15820}
}
@article{norabuena98,
  author = {Norabuena, E. and Leffler-Griffin, L. and Mao,
                  A. and Dixon, T. and Stein, S. and Sacks, I. S. and
                  Ocola, L. and Ellis, M.},
  title = {Space geodetic observations of {N}azca-{S}outh
                  {A}merica convergence across the central {A}ndes},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 279,
  pages = {358--362}
}
@article{norris14,
  title = {{Continental transforms: A view from the Alpine
                  Fault}},
  author = {Norris, Richard J and Toy, Virginia G},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 64,
  pages = {3--31},
  year = 2014
}
@article{nostro97,
  author = {Nostro, C. and Cocco, M. and Belardinelli, M. E.},
  title = {Static Stress Changes in Extensional Regimes: An
                  Application to {S}outhern {A}pennines ({I}taly)},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {234--248},
  annote = {coulomb stress, italy, apennines}
}
@article{nostro99,
  author = {Nostro, C. and Piersanti, A. and Antonioli, A. and
                  Spada, G.},
  title = {Spherical versus flat models of coseismic and
                  postseismic deformations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {13115--13134}
}
@article{nothard96,
  author = {Nothard, S. and Haines, J. and Jackson, J. and Holt,
                  B.},
  title = {Distributed deformation in the subducting
                  lithosphere at {T}onga},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 127,
  pages = {328--338}
}
@article{nugroho09,
  title = {{Plate boundary reorganization in the active Banda
                  Arc-continent collision: Insights from new GPS
                  measurements}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 479,
  pages = {52 --65},
  year = 2009,
  author = {Hendro Nugroho and Ron Harris and Amin W. Lestariya
                  and Bilal Maruf}
}
@article{nur71,
  title = {Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks
                  with cracks},
  author = {Nur, Amos},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 76,
  number = 8,
  pages = {2022--2034},
  year = 1971
}
@article{nur72,
  author = {Nur, A. and Booker, J.},
  title = {Aftershocks caused by pore fluid flow?},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 175,
  pages = {885--887},
  annote = {pore fluids, diffusion, aftershocks}
}
@article{nur74,
  title = {Postseismic viscoelastic rebound},
  author = {Nur, Amos and Mavko, Gerald},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 183,
  pages = {204--206},
  year = 1974
}
@article{nutman02,
  title = {{Evidence for 3650--3600 Ma assembly of the northern
                  end of the Itsaq Gneiss Complex, Greenland:
                  implication for early Archaean tectonics}},
  author = {Nutman, Allen P and Friend, Clark RL and Bennett,
                  Vickie C},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {5--1},
  year = 2002
}
@article{nutman84,
  title = {{Stratigraphic and geochemical evidence for the
                  depositional environment of the early Archaean Isua
                  supracrustal belt, southern West Greenland}},
  author = {Nutman, Allen P and Allaart, Jan H and Bridgwater,
                  David and Dimroth, Erich and Rosing, Minik},
  journal = {Precamb. Res.},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {365--396},
  year = 1984
}
@article{nyblade94,
  title = {{The African superswell}},
  author = {Nyblade, Andrew A and Robinson, Scott W},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {765--768},
  year = 1994
}
@book{nye85,
  author = {Nye, J. F.},
  title = {Physical Properties of Crystals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = 1985,
  address = {London}
}
@article{obara02,
  author = {Obara, K.},
  title = {Nonvolcanic deep tremor associated with subduction
                  in southwest {J}apan},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {1679--1681}
}
@article{obara04,
  title = {Episodic slow slip events accompanied by
                  non-volcanic tremors in southwest {Japan} subduction
                  zone},
  author = {Obara, Kazushige and Hirose, Hitoshi and Yamamizu,
                  Fumio and Kasahara, Keiji},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  number = {L23602},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL020848},
  year = 2004
}
@article{obara11,
  title = {{Characteristics and interactions between
                  non-volcanic tremor and related slow earthquakes in
                  the Nankai subduction zone, southwest Japan}},
  author = {Obara, Kazushige},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  volume = 52,
  pages = {229--248},
  year = 2011
}
@article{obara16,
  author = {Obara, A. and Kato, K.},
  title = {Connecting slow earthquakes to huge earthquakes},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 353,
  pages = {253--257},
  year = 2016
}
@article{obayashi09,
  author = {Obayashi, M. and Yoshimitsu, J. and Fukao, Y.},
  title = {Tearing of Stagnant slab},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 324,
  pages = {1173--1175}
}
@article{obayashi13,
  author = {M. Obayashi and J. Yoshimitsu and G. Nolet and
                  Y. Fukao and H. Shiobara and H. Sugioka and
                  H. Miyamachi and Y. Gao},
  title = {Finite frequency whole mantle {P}-wave tomography:
                  Inprovement of subducted slab},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {5652--5657}
}
@article{obrebski10,
  author = {Obrebski, M. and Allen, R. M. and Xue, M. and Hung,
                  S.-H.},
  title = {{Slab-plume interaction beneath the Pacific
                  Northwest}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L14305},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL043489}
}
@article{obrebski11,
  author = {Obrebski, M. and Allen, R. M. and Pollitz, F.  and
                  Hung, S.-H.},
  title = {{Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the
                  western United States from the joint inversion of
                  body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase
                  velocities}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 185,
  pages = {1003--1021}
}
@article{oconnell71,
  title = {Pleistocene glaciation and the viscosity of the
                  lower mantle},
  author = {O'Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {299--327},
  year = 1971
}
@article{oconnell74,
  author = {O'Connell, R. J. and Budiansky, B.},
  title = {Seismic Velocities in Dry and Saturated Cracked
                  Solids},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {5412--5426}
}
@article{oconnell77,
  author = {O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {On the scale of mantle convection},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {119--136}
}
@article{oconnell77b,
  title = {Viscoelastic properties of fluid-saturated cracked
                  solids},
  author = {O'Connell, Richard J and Budiansky, Bernard},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {5719--5735},
  year = 1977
}
@incollection{oconnell80,
  author = {O'Connell, R. J. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {On the thermal state of the {E}arth},
  booktitle = {Physics of the Earth's Interior},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  year = 1980,
  editor = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. and Boschi, E.},
  pages = {270--317},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@incollection{oconnell91,
  author = {O'Connell, R. J. and Gable, C. W. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Toroidal-poloidal partitioning of lithospheric plate
                  motions},
  booktitle = {Glacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 1991,
  editor = {Sabadini, R. and Lambeck, K.},
  pages = {535--551},
  address = {Norwell MA}
}
@unpublished{octave,
  author = {Eaton, J. W. and others},
  title = {Octave homepage},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.gnu.org/software/octave/}, accessed
                  05/2023},
  year = 2023
}
@article{oda00,
  author = {Oda, M. and Iwashita, K.},
  title = {Study on couple stress and shear band development in
                  granular media based on numerical simulation
                  analyses},
  journal = {Int. J. Eng. Sci.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {1713--1740}
}
@article{odriscoll09,
  author = {L. J. O'Driscoll and E. D. Humphreys and F. Saucier},
  title = {Subduction adjacent to deep continental roots:
                  {E}nhanced negative pressure in the mantle wedge,
                  mountain building and continental motion},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 280,
  pages = {61--70}
}
@article{odriscoll12,
  title = {{Nazca--South America interactions and the late
                  Eocene--late Oligocene flat-slab episode in the
                  central Andes}},
  author = {O'Driscoll, Leland J and Richards, Mark A and
                  Humphreys, Eugene D},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 31,
  number = {TC2013},
  doi = {10.1029/2011TC003036},
  year = 2012
}
@article{oganov01,
  author = {Oganov, A. R. and Brodholt, J. P. and Price, G. D.},
  title = {The elastic constants of {MgSiO$_3$} perovskite at
                  pressures and temperatures of the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 411,
  pages = {934--937}
}
@article{ogata06,
  author = {Ogata, Y. and Zhuang, J.},
  title = {Space-time {ETAS} models and an improved extension},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 413,
  pages = {13--23}
}
@article{ogata98,
  author = {Ogata, Y.},
  title = {Space-time point-process models for earthquake
                  occurrences},
  journal = {Ann. Stat.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {379--402}
}
@article{ogawa03,
  author = {Ogawa, M.},
  title = {Plate-like regime of a numerically modeled thermal
                  convection in a fluid with temperature-, pressure-,
                  and stress-history-dependent viscosity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = {B2},
  pages = 2067,
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000069}
}
@article{ogawa10,
  author = {Ogawa, M.},
  title = {Variety of plumes and the fate of subducted basaltic
                  crusts},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {366-–375}
}
@article{ogawa87,
  title = {Shear instability in a viscoelastic material as the
                  cause of deep focus earthquakes},
  author = {Ogawa, Masaki},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {13801--13810},
  year = 1987
}
@article{ogawa91,
  author = {Ogawa, M. and Schubert, G. and Zebib, A.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of three-dimensional thermal
                  convection in a fluid with strongly
                  temperature-dependent viscosity},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 233,
  pages = {299--328}
}
@article{oglesby08,
  title = {Rupture termination and jump on parallel offset
                  faults},
  author = {Oglesby, David},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {440--447},
  year = 2008
}
@article{ohira17,
  author = {A. Ohira and S. Kodaira and Y. Nakamura and G. Fujie
                  and R. Arai and S. Miura},
  title = {Evidence for frozen melts in the mid-lithosphere
                  detected from active-source seismic data},
  journal = {Sci. Rep.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 7,
  number = 15770,
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-16047-4}
}
@article{ohta19,
  title = {Tremor and inferred slow slip associated with
                  afterslip of the 2011 {T}ohoku earthquake},
  author = {Ohta, Kazuaki and Ito, Yoshihiro and Hino, Ryota and
                  Ohyanagi, Shukei and Matsuzawa, Takanori and
                  Shiobara, Hajime and Shinohara, Masanao},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {4591--4598},
  year = 2019
}
@article{ohtani04,
  title = {Water transport into the deep mantle and formation
                  of a hydrous transition zone},
  author = {Ohtani, Eiji and Litasov, Konstantin and Hosoya,
                  Tomofumi and Kubo, Tomoaki and Kondo, Tadashi},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 143,
  pages = {255--269},
  year = 2004
}
@article{ohtani05,
  author = {Ohtani, E.},
  title = {Water in the mantle},
  journal = {Elements},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {25--30}
}
@article{ohtani08,
  author = {Ohtani, E. and Sakai, T.},
  title = {Recent advances in the study of mantle phase
                  transitions},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {240--247}
}
@article{ohtsu96,
  author = {Ohtsu, M.},
  title = {Generation of acoustic emission waves and moment
                  tensor analysis},
  journal = {J. acoust. Emission},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {S104}
}
@article{ohuchi12,
  author = {Ohuchi, T. and Kawazoe, T. and Nishihara, Y. and
                  Irifune, T.},
  title = {Change of olivine a-axis alignment induced by water:
                  {O}rigin of seismic anisotropy in subduction zones},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 317,
  pages = {111-119}
}
@article{ohuchi13,
  author = {Ohuchi, T. and Irifune, T.},
  title = {{Development of A-type olivine fabric in water-rich
                  deep upper mantle}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {20--30}
}
@article{ojakangas89,
  title = {Thermal state of an ice shell on {E}uropa},
  author = {Ojakangas, Gregory W. and Stevenson, David J.},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {220--241},
  year = 1989
}
@article{ojeda01,
  author = {Ojeda, A. and Havskov, J.},
  title = {{Crustal structure and local seismicity in
                  Colombia}},
  journal = {J. Seismol.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {575--593}
}
@article{okada04,
  author = {Okada, Y. and Kasahara, K. and Hori, S. and Obara,
                  K. and Sekiguchi, S. and Fujiwara, H. and Yamamoto,
                  A.},
  title = {{Recent progress of seismic observation networks in
                  Japan Hi-net, F-net, K-NET and KiK-net}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2004,
  pages = {15--28}
}
@article{okada85,
  author = {Okada, Y.},
  title = {Surface Deformations Due to Shear and Tensile Faults
                  in a halfspace},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 75,
  pages = {1135--1154}
}
@article{okada92,
  author = {Okada, Y.},
  title = {Internal Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults
                  in a Half-Space},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {1018--1040}
}
@article{okal19,
  title = {Energy and magnitude: a historical perspective},
  author = {Okal, Emile A},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 176,
  pages = {3815--3849},
  year = 2019
}
@article{okal95,
  title = {Frequency-moment distribution of deep earthquakes;
                  implications for the seismogenic zone at the bottom
                  of slabs},
  author = {Okal, Emile A and Kirby, Stephen H},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {169--187},
  year = 1995
}
@article{okamoto15,
  author = {Okamoto, A. and Shimizu, H.},
  title = {Contrasting fracture patterns induced by
                  volume-increasing and -decreasing reactions:
                  implications for the progress of metamorphic
                  reactions},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 417,
  pages = {9--18}
}
@article{okaya03,
  author = {Okaya, D. A. and McEvilly, T. V.},
  title = {Elastic wave propagation in anisotropic crustal
                  material possessing arbitrary internal tilt},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 153,
  pages = {344-358}
}
@article{okaya04,
  author = {Okaya, D. and Rabbel., W. and Beilecke, T. and
                  Hasenclever, J.},
  title = {{P-wave material anisotropy of a tecton-metamorphic
                  terrane: An active-source seismic experiment at the
                  KTB super-deep drill hole, southeast Germany}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L24703},
  pages = {10.1029/2004GL020855}
}
@article{okazaki21,
  title = {{Consistent estimation of strain-rate fields from
                  GNSS velocity data using basis function expansion
                  with ABIC}},
  author = {Okazaki, Tomohisa and Fukahata, Yukitoshi and
                  Nishimura, Takuya},
  journal = {Earth, Planets and Space},
  volume = 73,
  pages = {1--22},
  year = 2021
}
@article{okubo87,
  title = {{Fractal geometry in the San Andreas fault system}},
  author = {Okubo, Paul G and Aki, Keiiti},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {345--355},
  year = 1987
}
@article{okubo89,
  author = {Okubo, P. G.},
  title = {Dynamic rupture modeling with laboratory-derived
                  constitutive relations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {12321--12335}
}
@article{olbertz97,
  author = {Olbertz, D. and Wortel, M. J. R. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {Trench migration and subduction zone geometry},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {221--224}
}
@article{oldenburg72,
  author = {Oldenburg, D. W. and Brune, J. N.},
  title = {Ridge transform fault spreading pattern in freezing
                  wax},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 178,
  year = 1972,
  pages = {301--304}
}
@article{oldenburg75,
  author = {Oldenburg, Douglas W. and Brune, James N.},
  title = {An explanation for the orthogonality of ocean ridges
                  and transform faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {2575--2585},
  year = 1975
}
@article{oldham06,
  title = {{The constitution of the interior of the Earth, as
                  revealed by earthquakes}},
  author = {Oldham, Richard Dixon},
  journal = {Quart. J. Geol. Soc.},
  volume = 62,
  pages = {456--475},
  year = 1906
}
@article{oleary24,
  title = {Derivative-informed neural operator: an efficient
                  framework for high-dimensional parametric derivative
                  learning},
  author = {O'Leary-Roseberry, Thomas and Chen, Peng and Villa,
                  Umberto and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J. Comp. Phys.},
  volume = 496,
  pages = 112555,
  year = 2024
}
@article{olive14,
  author = {Olive, J.-A. and Behn, M. D. and Malatesta, L. C.},
  title = {Modes of extensional faulting controlled by surface
                  processes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {6725--6733},
  year = 2014
}
@article{olive16,
  title = {The role of elasticity in simulating long-term
                  tectonic extension},
  author = {Olive, Jean-Arthur and Behn, Mark D and
                  Mittelstaedt, Eric and Ito, Garrett and Klein,
                  Benjamin Z},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 205,
  pages = {728--743},
  year = 2016
}
@article{olive20,
  title = {Controls on the magmatic fraction of extension at
                  mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Olive, Jean-Arthur and Dublanchet, Pierre},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 549,
  pages = 116541,
  year = 2020
}
@incollection{olive23,
  title = {Mid-Ocean Ridges: Geodynamics Written in the
                  Seafloor},
  editor = {J. C. Duarte},
  author = {Olive, Jean-Arthur},
  booktitle = {Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Convection},
  pages = {483--510},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2023
}
@article{olivet96,
  author = {Olivet, J.-L.},
  title = {La cinematique de la plaues {I}berique},
  journal = {Bull. Centres Recherches Expl.-Prod. Elf Aquitane},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {131--195}
}
@article{olivieri99,
  author = {Olivieri, M. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {Rupture depths and source processes of the
                  1997--1998 earthquake sequence in central {I}taly},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {305--310}
}
@article{olson06,
  author = {Olson, P. and Christensen, U.},
  title = {Dipole moment scaling for convection-driven
                  planetary dynamos},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 250,
  pages = {561–-571}
}
@article{olson16,
  title = {Mantle control of the geodynamo: {C}onsequences of
                  top-down regulation},
  author = {Olson, Peter},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {1935--1956},
  year = 2016
}
@article{olson20,
  title = {Oceanographic considerations for exoplanet life
                  detection},
  author = {Olson, Stephanie L and Jansen, Malte and Abbot,
                  Dorian S},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  volume = 895,
  pages = 19,
  year = 2020
}
@article{olson81,
  author = {P. Olson},
  title = {Mantle convection with spherical effects},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  pages = {4881--4890}
}
@article{olson84,
  title = {Mixing of passive heterogeneities by mantle
                  convection},
  author = {Olson, Peter and Yuen, David A and Balsiger, Derick},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {425--436},
  year = 1984
}
@article{olson84a,
  author = {Olson, P. and Yuen, D. A. and Balsiger D.},
  title = {Convective Mixing and the Fine-Structure Of Mantle
                  Heterogeneity},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {291--304}
}
@article{olson85,
  author = {Olson, L. F. and Degn, H.},
  title = {Chaos in biological systems},
  journal = {Quaterly Rev. Biophys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 18,
  pages = 165
}
@article{olson86,
  author = {Olson, P. and Nam, I. S.},
  title = {Formation of seafloor swells by mantle plumes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {7181--7191}
}
@incollection{olson90,
  author = {Olson, P. },
  title = {Hot spots, swells and mantle plumes},
  booktitle = {Magma Transport and Storage},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 1990,
  editor = {Ryan, M. P.},
  pages = {33--51}
}
@article{olson91,
  author = {Olson, P. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {On the equipartitioning of kinematic energy in plate
                  tectonics},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1751--1754}
}
@article{omori94,
  author = {Omori, F.},
  title = {On the afterschocks of earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo},
  year = 1894,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {111-200}
}
@incollection{oncken06,
  author = {Oncken, Onno and Hindle, David and Kley, Jonas and
                  Elger, Kirsten and Victor, Pia and Schemmann,
                  Kerstin},
  title = {Deformation of the central {A}ndean upper plate
                  system-{F}acts, fiction, and constraints for plateau
                  models},
  booktitle = {The {A}ndes: {A}ctive Subduction Orogeny},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Onno Oncken and Guillermo Chong and Gerhard Franz
                  and Peter Giese and Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen G{\"{o}}tze
                  and Victor A. Ramos and Manfred R. Strecker and
                  Peter Wigger},
  series = {Frontiers in Earth Sciences},
  pages = {3--27}
}
@article{oncken12,
  title = {{Strain accumulation controls failure of a plate
                  boundary zone: Linking deformation of the Central
                  Andes and lithosphere mechanics}},
  author = {Oncken, Onno and Boutelier, David and Dresen, Georg
                  and Schemmann, Kerstin},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q12007},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004280},
  year = 2012
}
@article{oncken22,
  title = {{Slow slip in subduction zones: Reconciling
                  deformation fabrics with instrumental observations
                  and laboratory results}},
  author = {Oncken, Onno and Angiboust, S and Dresen, G},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {104--129},
  year = 2022
}
@article{oneill05,
  author = {O'Neill, C. and M{\"{u}}ller, D. and Steinberger,
                  B.},
  title = {On the uncertainties in hot spot reconstructions and
                  the significance of moving hot spot reference
                  frames},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 6,
  number = {Q0400},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GC000784}
}
@article{oneill07,
  author = {O'Neill, C. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Geological consequences of super-sized {E}arths},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L19204},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL030598}
}
@article{oneill07b,
  title = {Episodic precambrian subduction},
  author = {O'Neill, Craig and Lenardic, Adrian and Moresi, L
                  and Torsvik, Trond Helge and Lee, C-TA},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 262,
  pages = {552--562},
  year = 2007
}
@article{oneill08,
  author = {O'Neill, C. and Lenardic, A. and Griffin, W. L. and
                  O'Reilly, S. Y.},
  title = {Dynamics of cratons in an evolving mantle},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {12--24}
}
@article{onions79,
  author = {O'Nions, R. K. and Evensen, N. M. and Hamilton,
                  P. J.},
  title = {Geochemical modeling of mantle differentiation and
                  crustal growth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {6091--6101}
}
@article{opdyke69,
  title = {A test of the dipole hypothesis},
  author = {Opdyke, ND and Henry, KW},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {139--151},
  year = 1969
}
@article{operto06,
  author = {Operto, S. and Virieux, J. and Dessa, J. X. and
                  Pascal, G.},
  title = {Crustal seismic imaging from multifold ocean bottom
                  seismometer data by frequency domain full waveform
                  tomography: {A}pplication to the eastern {N}ankai
                  trough},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B09306},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003835}
}
@article{oppenheimer88,
  author = {Oppenheimer, D. H. and Reasenberg, P. A. and
                  Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {Fault Plane Solutions for the 1984 {M}organ {H}ill,
                  {C}alifornia, Earthquake Sequence: Evidence for the
                  State of Stress on the {C}alaveras Fault},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {9007--9026},
  month = {August},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{ordonez01,
  author = {Ordo{\~{n}}ez, O. and M.Pimentel},
  title = {Geoqu{\'{i}}mica isot{\'{o}}pica del magmatismo
                  reciente ($<$11 {M}a), en los {A}ndes {C}olombianos},
  journal = {Memorias del VIII Congreso Colombiano de Geología},
  pages = {4 p.},
  year = 2001
}
@article{ordonez02,
  author = {Ordo{\~{n}}ez, O. and M. M. Pimentel},
  title = {Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic study of the Puqu{\'{i}}
                  complex, Colombian Andes},
  journal = {J. South Amer. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {173--182}
}
@article{oreilly01,
  title = {{Are lithospheres forever? Tracking changes in
                  subcontinental lithospheric mantle through time}},
  author = {O'Reilly, Suzanne Y and Griffin, William L and
                  Djomani, Yvette H Poudjom and Morgan, Paul},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {4--10},
  year = 2001
}
@article{oreilly81,
  title = {{Magma transport of heat on Io: A mechanism allowing
                  a thick lithosphere}},
  author = {O'Reilly, Thomas C and Davies, Geoffrey F},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {313--316},
  year = 1981
}
@article{oreshin02,
  author = {Oreshin, S. and Vinnik, L. and Kosarev, G. and Kind,
                  R. and Wenzel, F.},
  title = {Combined analysis of {$SKS$} splitting and regional
                  {$P$} travel times in {S}iberia},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {393--402}
}
@inproceedings{oreshkin20,
  author = {Oreshkin, Boris N and Carpov, Dmitri and Chapados,
                  Nicolas and Bengio, Yoshua},
  title = {N-BEATS: Neural basis expansion analysis for
                  interpretable time series forecasting},
  booktitle = {Int. Conf. on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = 2020,
  note = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.10437}
}
@book{oreskes01,
  title = {{Plate tectonics: An insider's history of the modern
                  theory of the Earth}},
  editor = {Oreskes, Naomi and LeGrand, Homer Eugene},
  year = 2001,
  publisher = {Westview Press}
}
@book{oreskes99,
  title = {{The rejection of continental drift: Theory and
                  method in American earth science}},
  author = {Oreskes, Naomi},
  year = 1999,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press}
}
@article{ori84,
  title = {Sedimentary basins formed and carried piggyback on
                  active thrust sheets},
  author = {Ori, GG and Friend, PF},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {475--478},
  year = 1984
}
@article{orowan48,
  title = {Fracture and strength of solids},
  author = {Orowan, Egon},
  journal = {Rep. Prog. Phys.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {185--232},
  year = 1948
}
@article{orowan60,
  author = {Orowan, E.},
  title = {Mechanism of Seismic Faulting in Rock Deformation},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.},
  year = 1960,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {323--345}
}
@book{ortelius96,
  author = {Ortelius, Abraham},
  title = {Thesaurus Geographicus },
  publisher = {Officina Plantiniana},
  year = 1596,
  address = {Antwerp},
  month = {Scan online at
                  \url{https://books.google.com/books?id=AWhXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP750#v},
                  accessed 12/2021}
}
@article{osei18,
  title = {Effects of upper mantle heterogeneities on the
                  lithospheric stress field and dynamic topography},
  author = {Osei Tutu, Anthony and Steinberger, Bernhard and
                  Sobolev, Stephan V and Rogozhina, Irina and Popov,
                  Anton A},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {649--668},
  year = 2018
}
@article{osei18b,
  title = {Evaluating the influence of plate boundary friction
                  and mantle viscosity on plate velocities},
  author = {Osei Tutu, Anthony and Sobolev, Stephan V and
                  Steinberger, Bernhard and Popov, Anton A and
                  Rogozhina, Irina},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {642--666},
  year = 2018
}
@article{oskin07,
  author = {Oskin, M. and Perg, L. and Blumentritt, D. and
                  Mukhopadhyay, S. and Iriondo, A.},
  title = {{Slip rate of the Calico fault: Implications for
                  geologic versus geodetic rate discrepancy in the
                  Eastern California Shear Zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B03402},
  doi = {10.01029/02006JB004451}
}
@article{ostanciaux12,
  author = {{\'{E}}. Ostanciaux and L. Husson and G. Choblet and
                  C. Robin and K. Pedoja},
  title = {Present-day trends of vertical ground motion along
                  the coast lines},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 110,
  pages = {74--92}
}
@article{otsuki89,
  author = {Otsuki, K.},
  title = {Empirical relationships among the convergence rate
                  of plates, rollback rate of trench axis and
                  island-arc tectonics: ``law of convergence rate of
                  plates''},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {73--94}
}
@book{ott93,
  author = {Ott, E.},
  title = {Chaos in dynamical systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1993,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@book{ousterhout,
  author = {Ousterhout, J. K.},
  title = {TCL and the TK Toolkit},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  address = {Reading, MA},
  year = 1993
}
@article{oxburgh74,
  title = {{Thermal gradients and regional metamorphism in
                  overthrust terrains with special ewference to the
                  eastern Alps}},
  author = {Oxburgh, ER},
  journal = {Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt.},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {641--662},
  year = 1974
}
@article{oxburgh76,
  author = {Oxburgh, E. R. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {The physico-chemical behaviour of the descending
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {107--128}
}
@article{oye05,
  title = {{Source parameters and scaling relations for
                  mining-related seismicity within the Pyhasalmi ore
                  mine, Finland}},
  author = {Oye, Volker and Bungum, Hilmar and Roth, Michael},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 95,
  pages = {1011--1026},
  year = 2005
}
@article{ozacar04,
  title = {{Crustal seismic anisotropy in central Tibet:
                  Implications for deformational style and flow in the
                  crust}},
  author = {Ozacar, A Arda and Zandt, George},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  number = 23,
  year = 2004
}
@article{ozakinbenzion15,
  author = {Ozakin, Yaman and Ben-Zion, Yehuda},
  title = {{Systematic Receiver Function Analysis of the Moho
                  Geometry in the Southern California Plate-Boundary
                  Region}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = {{2015}},
  volume = {{172}},
  pages = {{1167--1184}}
}
@article{ozalaybey95,
  author = {\"{O}zalaybey, S. and M. K. Savage},
  title = {Shear-wave splitting beneath western {U}nited
                  {S}tates in relation to plate tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18135--18149},
  year = 1995
}
@article{ozawa12,
  author = {S. Ozawa and T. Nishimura and H. Munekane and
                  H. Suito and T. Kobayashi and M. Tobita and
                  T. Imakiire},
  title = {{Preceding, coseismic, and postseismic slips of the
                  2011 Tohoku earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B07404},
  pages = {10.1029/2011JB009120}
}
@article{ozawa14,
  title = {{Shortening of recurrence interval of Boso slow slip
                  events in Japan}},
  author = {Ozawa, Shinzaburo},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {2762--2768},
  year = 2014
}
@article{ozawa21,
  title = {Mainshock and aftershock sequence simulation in
                  geometrically complex fault zones},
  author = {Ozawa, So and Ando, Ryosuke},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2020JB020865},
  year = 2021
}
@article{pacanovsky99,
  author = {Pakanovsky, K. M. and Davis, D. M. and Richardson,
                  R. M. and Coblentz, D. D.},
  title = {Intraplate stresses and plate-driving forces in the
                  {P}hilippine {S}ea plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {1095--1110}
}
@article{pacheco93,
  author = {Pacheco, J. F. and Sykes, L. R. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Nature of seismic coupling along simple plate
                  boundaries of the subduction type},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {14133--14159}
}
@article{packard80,
  author = {Packard, N. H. and Crutchfield, J. P. and Farmer,
                  J. D. and Shaw, R. S. },
  title = {Geometry from a time series},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 45,
  pages = 714
}
@article{page08,
  title = {{The magnitude-frequency distribution on the
                  southern San Andreas fault follows the
                  Gutenberg-Richter distribution (abstract)}},
  author = {Page, M and Felzer, K and Weldon, R and Biasi, G},
  journal = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  volume = 2008,
  number = {S31C--06},
  year = 2008
}
@article{page15,
  title = {{Southern San Andreas fault seismicity is consistent
                  with the Gutenberg--Richter magnitude--frequency
                  distribution}},
  author = {Page, Morgan T. and Felzer, Karen},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {2070--2080},
  year = 2015
}
@article{page21,
  title = {More fault connectivity is needed in seismic hazard
                  analysis},
  author = {Page, Morgan T},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 111,
  pages = {391--397},
  year = 2021
}
@article{page93,
  author = {Page, B. M. and Brocher, T. M.},
  title = {{Thrusting of the central California margin over the
                  edge of the Pacific plate during the transform
                  regime}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {635--638}
}
@article{paige82,
  author = {Paige, C. C. and Saunders, M. A.},
  title = {{LSQR}: an algorithm for sparse linear equations and
                  sparse least-squares},
  journal = {Trans. Math. Software},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {43--71}
}
@article{palgunadi20,
  author = {Palgunadi, Kadek Hendrawan and Gabriel, Alice-Agnes
                  and Ulrich, Thomas and L{\'{o}}pez-Comino,
                  Jos{\'{e}} {\'{A}}ngel and Mai, Paul Martin},
  title = {Dynamic Fault Interaction during a
                  Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: {T}he 2017 {Mw
                  5.5 Pohang} Event},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 110,
  pages = {2328--2349},
  year = 2020
}
@incollection{palme05,
  title = {Cosmochemical estimates of mantle composition},
  booktitle = {The Mantle and Core},
  author = {Palme, H. and O'Neill, H. S. C.},
  journal = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
  editor = {Carlson, R. W.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {1--38},
  year = 2005
}
@article{palmer73,
  title = {The growth of slip surfaces in the progressive
                  failure of over-consolidated clay},
  author = {Palmer, Andrew Clennel and Rice, James Robert},
  journal = {Proc. Royal Soc. London. A},
  volume = 332,
  pages = {527--548},
  year = 1973
}
@article{palmer95,
  author = {Palmer, R. and Weldon, R. J. and Humphrey, E. and
                  Saucier, F.},
  title = {Earthquake Recurrence on the southern {S}an
                  {A}ndreas Modulated by Fault-Normal Stress},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {535--538},
  month = {March 1}
}
@article{panasyuk00,
  author = {Panasyuk, S. V. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Inversion for mantle viscosity profiles constrained
                  by dynamic topography and the geoid, and their
                  estimated errors},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 143,
  pages = {821--836},
  year = 2000
}
@article{panasyuk00b,
  author = {Panasyuk, S. V. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Models of isostatic and dynamic topography, geoid
                  anomalies, and their uncertainties},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {28199--28209}
}
@article{panasyuk96,
  author = {Panasyuk, S. V. and Hager, B. H. and Forte, A. M.},
  title = {Understanding the effects of mantle compressibility
                  on geoid kernels},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {121--133}
}
@article{panasyuk98,
  author = {Panasyuk, S. V. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {A model of transformational superplasticity of the
                  upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 133,
  pages = {741--755}
}
@article{panian04,
  author = {Panian, J. and Wiltschko, D.V.},
  title = {Ramp initiation in a thrust wedge},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 427,
  pages = {624--627},
  year = 2004
}
@article{panning04,
  author = {Panning, M. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Inferences on Flow at the Base of {E}arth's Mantle
                  Based on Seismic Anisotropy},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {351--353}
}
@article{panning06,
  author = {Panning, M. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {A three-dimensional radially anisotropic model of
                  shear velocity in the whole mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {361--379}
}
@article{panning08,
  author = {Panning, M. P. and Nolet, G.},
  title = {Surface wave tomography for azimuthal anisotropy in
                  a strongly reduced parameter space},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {629--648}
}
@article{panning10,
  author = {Panning, M. P. and Lekic, V. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Importance of crustal corrections in the development
                  of a new global model of radial anisotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007520}
}
@article{panovska19,
  title = {One hundred thousand years of geomagnetic field
                  evolution},
  author = {Panovska, Sanja and Korte, M and Constable, CG},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 57,
  pages = {1289--1337},
  year = 2019
}
@article{panuntun18,
  title = {{Probing the Poisson's ratio of poroelastic rebound
                  following the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku earthquake}},
  author = {Panuntun, H. and Miyazaki, S. and Fukuda, Y. and
                  Orihara, Y.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 215,
  pages = {2206--2221},
  year = 2018
}
@article{papuc08,
  title = {{The internal activity and thermal evolution of
                  Earth-like planets}},
  author = {Papuc, Andreea M and Davies, Geoffrey F},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 195,
  pages = {447--458},
  year = 2008
}
@unpublished{paraview,
  author = {{Kitware, Inc.}},
  title = {{Paraview: Parallel Visualization Application}},
  note = {Online at \url{www.paraview.org/}, accessed 02/2022},
  year = 2022
}
@article{pardo05a,
  author = {Pardo, N. and H. Cepeda and J. M. Jaramillo},
  title = {The {P}aipa {V}olcano, {E}astern {C}olombia,
                  {E}astern {C}ordillera of {C}olombia, {S}outh
                  {A}merica: {V}olcanic stratigraphy},
  journal = {Earth Sci. Res J.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {3--18}
}
@article{pardo05b,
  author = {Pardo, N. and J. M. Jaramillo and H. Cepeda},
  title = {The {P}aipa {V}olcano, {E}astern {C}olombia,
                  {E}astern {C}ordillera of {C}olombia, {S}outh
                  {A}merica: {V}olcanic ({P}art II): {P}etrography and
                  major elements petrology},
  journal = {Earth Sci. Res. J.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {148--164}
}
@article{pari00,
  author = {Pari, G. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {Subcontinental mantle dynamics: a further analysis
                  based on the joint constraints of dynamic surface
                  topography and free-air gravity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = 5635
}
@article{park02,
  author = {Park, J. and Levin, V.},
  title = {Seismic Anisotropy: {T}racing Plate Dynamics in the
                  Mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {485--489}
}
@article{park90,
  author = {Park, C.-H. and Tamaki, K. and Kobayashi, K.},
  title = {Age-depth correlation of the {P}hilippine Sea
                  back-arc basins and other marginal basins in the
                  world},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 181,
  pages = {351--371}
}
@article{parker73,
  title = {Thermal model of ocean ridges},
  author = {Parker, RL and Oldenburg, DW},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 242,
  pages = {137--139},
  year = 1973
}
@book{parker94,
  author = {Parker, R. L.},
  title = {Geophysical Inverse Theory},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 1994,
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey}
}
@article{parklevin16,
  author = {Park, J. and Levin, V.},
  title = {{Anisotropic shear zones revealed by backazimuthal
                  harmonics of teleseismic receiver functions}},
  journal = {{Geophysical Journal International}},
  year = {{2016}},
  volume = {{207}},
  pages = {{1216--1243}}
}
@article{parks11,
  author = {M. M. Parks and J. Bigg and T. A. Mather and
                  D. M. Pyle and F. Amelung and M. L. Monsalve and
                  L. Narv{\'{a}}ez Medina},
  title = {{Co-eruptive subsidence at Galeras identified during
                  an InSAR survey of Colombian volcanoes
                  (2006--2009)}},
  journal = {J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 202,
  pages = {228--240}
}
@article{parman04,
  title = {A subduction origin for komatiites and cratonic
                  lithospheric mantle},
  author = {Parman, Stephen W and Grove, Timothy L and Dann,
                  Jesse C and De Wit, Maarten J},
  journal = {South Afr. J. Geol.},
  volume = 107,
  pages = {107--118},
  year = 2004
}
@article{parmentier78,
  author = {Parmentier, E. M.},
  title = {A Study of thermal convection in non-{N}ewtonian
                  fluids},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1--11}
}
@article{parmentier82,
  author = {Parmentier, E. and Morgan, J},
  title = {{Thermal convection in non-Newtonian fluids:
                  Volumetric heating and boundary layer scaling}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {7757--7762}
}
@article{parmentier94,
  title = {{Turbulent 3-D thermal convection in an infinite
                  Prandtl number, volumetrically heated fluid:
                  implications for mantle dynamics}},
  author = {Parmentier, EM and Sotin, C and Travis, BJ},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 116,
  pages = {241--251},
  year = 1994
}
@article{parnell17,
  title = {Oceanic detachment faults generate compression in
                  extension},
  author = {Parnell-Turner, Ross and Sohn, RA and Peirce,
                  Christine and Reston, TJ and MacLeod, CJ and Searle,
                  RC and Sim{\~a}o, NM},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {923--926},
  year = 2017
}
@article{parra09,
  author = {Parra, M. and Mora, A. and Jaramillo, C. and
                  Strecker, M. R.  and Sobel, E.R. and Quiroz, L. and
                  Rueda, M. and Torres, V.},
  title = {Orogenic wedge advance in the northern{A}ndes:
                  {E}vidence from the {O}ligocene-{M}iocene
                  sedimentary record of the {M}edina {B}asin,
                  {E}astern {C}ordillera, {C}olombia},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {780--800}
}
@article{parra09b,
  author = {Parra, M. and Mora, A. and Sobel, E. R. and
                  Strecker, M. R. and Gonz{\'{a}}lez, R.},
  title = {Episodic orogenic-front migration in the northern
                  {A}ndes: {C}onstraints from low-temperature
                  thermochronology in the {E}astern {C}ordillera,
                  {C}olombia},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 28,
  doi = {10.1029/2008TC002423}
}
@article{parra10,
  author = {Parra, M. and Mora, A. and Jaramillo, C. and Torres,
                  V. and Zeilinger, G. and Strecker, M. R.},
  title = {Tectonic controls on {C}enozoic foreland basin
                  development in the northeastern {A}ndes, {C}olombia},
  journal = {Basin Res.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {874--903}
}
@article{parsons02,
  title = {{Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes:
                  Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock
                  zone}},
  author = {Parsons, Tom},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  number = 2199,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000646},
  year = 2002
}
@article{parsons04,
  author = {Parsons, T.},
  title = {{Recalculated probability of M $\ge$ 7 earthquakes
                  beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B05304},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002667}
}
@article{parsons06,
  author = {Parsons, T.},
  title = {Tectonic stressing in {C}alifornia modeled from
                  {GPS} observations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003946}
}
@article{parsons07,
  author = {Parsons, T.},
  title = {Forecast experiment: Do temporal and spatial $b$
                  value variations along the Calaveras fault portend
                  {M} 4.0 earthquakes?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B03308}
}
@article{parsons11,
  title = {{Diffuse Pacific- North American plate boundary:
                  1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling
                  geodetic data}},
  author = {Parsons, Tom and Thatcher, Wayne},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {943--946},
  year = 2011
}
@techreport{parsons13,
  author = {T. Parsons and K. M. Johnson and P. Bird and
                  J.M. Bormann and T.E. Dawson and E.H. Field and
                  W.C. Hammond and T.A. Herring and R. McCaffrey and
                  Z.-K. Shen and W.R. Thatcher and R.J. Weldon II and
                  and Y. Zeng},
  title = {{Appendix C—Deformation models for UCERF3}},
  institution = {USGS Open-File report},
  year = 2013,
  number = 1165
}
@article{parsons77,
  author = {Parsons, B. and Sclater, J. G.},
  title = {An analysis of the variation of ocean floor
                  bathymetry and heat flow with age},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {803--827}
}
@article{parsons78,
  title = {Mantle convection and the thermal structure of the
                  plates},
  author = {Parsons, Barry and McKenzie, Dan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 83,
  pages = {4485--4496},
  year = 1978
}
@article{parsons80,
  author = {Parsons, B. and Richter, F. M.},
  title = {A relation between the driving force and geoid
                  anomaly associated with mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {445--450}
}
@article{parsons82,
  author = {Parsons, B.},
  title = {Causes and consequences of the relation between area
                  and age of the ocean floor},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {289--302}
}
@article{parsons94,
  author = {Parsons, T. and Thompson, G. A. and Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {{Mantle plume influence on the Neogene uplift and
                  extension of the U.S. western Cordillera}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {83--86}
}
@article{parsons95,
  author = {Parsons, T. and J. McCarthy},
  title = {{The active southwest margin of the Colorado
                  Plateau: Uplift of mantle origin}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 107,
  pages = {139--147}
}
@article{parsons96,
  author = {Parsons, T. and McCarthy, J.},
  title = {{Crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the
                  Salton Trough, southeast California}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {456--471}
}
@article{parthasarathy97,
  author = {Parthasarathy, S. and Dixon, J. M.},
  title = {Analytic structure and chaotic dynamics of the
                  damped driven {T}oda oscillator},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {3942--3947}
}
@book{passchier05,
  title = {Microtectonics},
  author = {Passchier, Cees W and Trouw, Rudolph AJ},
  year = 2005,
  edition = 2,
  address = {Heidelberg},
  publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}
}
@article{pasyanos14,
  author = {Pasyanos, M. E. and Masters, T. G. and Laske, G. and
                  Ma, Z.},
  title = {{LITHO1.0}: An updated crust and lithospheric model
                  of the {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  doi = {10.1002/2013JB010626},
  pages = {2153--2173},
  year = 2014
}
@article{patacca90,
  author = {Patacca, E. and Sartori, R. and Scadone, P.},
  title = {Tyrrhenian {B}asin and {A}penninic arcs; kinematic
                  relations since late {T}ortonian times},
  journal = {Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {425--451}
}
@article{patriat84,
  author = {Patriat, P. and Achache, J.},
  title = {India-{E}urasia collision chronology has
                  implications for crustal shortening and driving
                  mechanism of plates},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 311,
  pages = {615--621}
}
@article{patton15,
  title = {{A 6600 year earthquake history in the region of the
                  2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone earthquake}},
  author = {Patton, Jason R and Goldfinger, Chris and Morey, Ann
                  E and Ikehara, Ken and Romsos, Chris and Stoner,
                  Joseph and Djadjadihardja, Yusuf and Udrekh and
                  Ardhyastuti, Sri and Gaffar, Eddy Zulkarnaen and
                  others},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {2067--2129},
  year = 2015
}
@article{paul23,
  author = {Paul, J. and Conrad, C. P. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Ghosh, A.},
  title = {Convective self-compression of cratons and the
                  stabilization of old lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 50,
  doi = {10.1029/2022GL101842}
}
@article{paulson05,
  author = {Paulson, A. and Zhong, S. and Wahr, J.},
  title = {Modelling post-glacial rebound with lateral
                  viscosity variations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {357--371}
}
@article{paulson07,
  title = {Limitations on the inversion for mantle viscosity
                  from postglacial rebound},
  author = {Paulson, Archie and Zhong, Shijie and Wahr, John},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 168,
  pages = {1195--1209},
  year = 2007
}
@article{pavlis04,
  author = {Pavlis, G. L. and Vernon, F. and Harvey, D. and
                  Quinlan, D.},
  title = {The generalized earthquake-location ({GENLOC})
                  package: {A}n earthquake-location library},
  journal = {Comput. Geosci.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {1079--1091}
}
@article{pavlis12,
  author = {Pavlis, G. L. and Sigloch, K. and Burdick, S. and
                  Fouch, M. J. and Vernon, F.},
  title = {{Unraveling the geometry of the Farallon plate:
                  Synthesis of three-dimensional imaging results from
                  USArray}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 532,
  pages = {82--102}
}
@article{pavlis12b,
  author = {N. K. Pavlis and S. A. Holmes and S. C. Kenyon and
                  J. K. Factor},
  title = {{The development and evaluation of the Earth
                  Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008)}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B04406},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008916}
}
@book{pde,
  author = {{USGS}},
  title = {{USGS} National Earthquake Information
                  Center. Global PDE earthquake database},
  publisher = {{USGS}},
  year = 1998,
  note = {{\small {\tt
                  http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic\_global.html}}}
}
@incollection{peacock03,
  title = {Thermal Structure and Metamorphic Evolution of
                  Subducting Slabs},
  author = {Peacock, S.},
  journal = {Geophys. Mono.},
  booktitle = {Inside the Subduction Factory},
  editor = {Eiler, J.},
  volume = 138,
  pages = {7--22},
  year = 2003,
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{peacock20,
  author = {Peacock, S. M.},
  title = {Advances in the thermal and petrologic modeling of
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {936--952}
}
@article{peacock21,
  title = {{On the stability of talc in subduction zones: a
                  possible control on the maximum depth of decoupling
                  between the subducting plate and mantle wedge}},
  author = {Peacock, Simon M and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {{e2021GL094889}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{peacock93,
  title = {Large-scale hydration of the lithosphere above
                  subducting slabs},
  author = {Peacock, Simon M},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  volume = 108,
  pages = {49--59},
  year = 1993
}
@incollection{peacock96,
  author = {Peacock, S.},
  title = {Thermal and petrological structure of subduction
                  zones},
  booktitle = {Subduction: Top to Bottom},
  pages = {119--135},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1996,
  editor = {Beobout, G. E. and Scholl, D. and Kirby, S. and
                  Platt, J.},
  volume = 96,
  address = {Washington DC},
  series = {Geophys. Mono.}
}
@article{peacock99,
  author = {Peacock, S. M. and Wang, K.},
  title = {Seismic Consequences of Warm Versus Cool Subduction
                  Metamorphism: {E}xamples from Southwest and
                  Northeast {J}apan},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 286,
  pages = {937--939}
}
@article{pearson02,
  title = {{The development of lithospheric keels beneath the
                  earliest continents: time constraints using PGE and
                  Re-Os isotope systematics}},
  author = {Pearson, DG and Irvine, GJ and Carlson, RW and
                  Kopylova, MG and Ionov, DA},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., Lond., Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 199,
  pages = {65--90},
  year = 2002
}
@article{pearson21,
  title = {Deep continental roots and cratons},
  author = {Pearson, D Graham and Scott, James M and Liu, Jingao
                  and Schaeffer, Andrew and Wang, Lawrence Hongliang
                  and van Hunen, Jeroen and Szilas, Kristoffer and
                  Chacko, Thomas and Kelemen, Peter B},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 596,
  pages = {199--210},
  year = 2021
}
@article{pearson58,
  author = {Pearson, J.},
  title = {On convection cells induced by surface tension},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1958,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {489--500}
}
@article{pedersen06,
  author = {Pedersen, H. A. and Bruneton, M. and Maupin, V. and
                  {SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group}},
  title = {Lithospheric and sublithospheric anisotropy beneath
                  the {B}altic shield from surface-wave array
                  analysis},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 244,
  pages = {590--605}
}
@article{pedoja11,
  author = {K. Pedoja and L. Husson and V. Regard and
                  P. R. Cobbold and E. Ostanciaux and M. E. Johnson
                  and S. Kershaw and M. Saillard and J. Martinod and
                  L. Furgerot and P. Weill and B. Delcaillau},
  title = {Relative sea-level fall since the last interglacial
                  stage: {A}re coasts uplifting worldwide?},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {1--15}
}
@article{pegler98,
  author = {Pegler, G. and Das, S.},
  title = {An enhanced image of the {P}amir-{H}indu {K}ush
                  seismic zone from relocated earthquake hypocentres},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 134,
  pages = {573--595}
}
@article{peherstorfer2018survey,
  title = {Survey of multifidelity methods in uncertainty
                  propagation, inference, and optimization},
  author = {Peherstorfer, Benjamin and Willcox, Karen and
                  Gunzburger, Max},
  journal = {SIAM Rev.},
  volume = 60,
  pages = {550--591},
  year = 2018
}
@article{pekeris35,
  author = {Pekeris, C.},
  title = {Thermal convection in the interior of the earth},
  journal = {Roy. Astron. Soc., Geophys. Supp.},
  year = 1935,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {343--367}
}
@incollection{pelletier00,
  author = {Pelletier, J. D.},
  title = {Spring-block models of seismicity: review and
                  analysis of a structurally heterogeneous model
                  coupled to a viscous asthenosphere},
  booktitle = {GeoComplexity and the physics of earthquakes},
  pages = {27--42},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Rundle, J. B. and Turcotte, D. L. and Klein, W.},
  volume = 120,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{pelletier98,
  author = {Pelletier, B. and Calmant, S. and Pillet, R.},
  title = {Current tectonics of the {T}onga-{N}ew {H}ebrides
                  region},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {263--276}
}
@article{peltier04,
  title = {{Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the
                  ice-age Earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE}},
  author = {Peltier, W Richard},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {111--149},
  year = 2004
}
@article{peltier15,
  author = {Peltier, W.R. and Argus, D.F. and Drummond, R.},
  title = {{Space geodesy constrains ice-age terminal
                  deglaciation: The global ICE-6G\_C (VM5a) model}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {450--487}
}
@article{peltier76,
  title = {Glacial-isostatic adjustment—{I.} {T}he forward
                  problem},
  author = {Peltier, William R and Andrews, John T},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {605--646},
  year = 1976
}
@article{peltier92,
  author = {Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {Mantle phase transitions and layered chaotic
                  convection},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {321--324}
}
@article{pelties12,
  author = {Pelties, C. and de la Puente, J. and Ampuero,
                  J.-P. and Brietzke, G. B. and Kaeser, M.},
  title = {Three-dimensional ynamic rupture simulation with a
                  high-order discontinuous {G}alerkin method on
                  unstructured tetrahedral meshes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008857},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B02309}
}
@article{pelties14,
  author = {Pelties, C. and Gabriel, A.-A. and Ampuero, J.-P.},
  title = {{Verification of an ADER-DG method for complex
                  dynamic rupture problems}},
  journal = {Geosci. Model Dev.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {847--866}
}
@article{peltzer01,
  author = {Peltzer, G. and Crampe, E. and Hensley, S. and
                  P. A. Rosen},
  title = {Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction
                  in the {E}astern {C}alifornia shear zone},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {975--978},
  year = 2001
}
@article{peng04,
  author = {Peng, Z. and Y. Ben-Zion},
  title = {Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy along the
                  {K}aradere-{D}{\"{u}}zce branch of the north
                  {A}natolian fault},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {252--274}
}
@article{peng10,
  title = {An integrated perspective of the continuum between
                  earthquakes and slow-slip phenomena},
  author = {Peng, Zhigang and Gomberg, Joan},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {599--607},
  year = 2010
}
@article{peng22,
  author = {Peng, D. and Liu, L.},
  title = {Quantifying slab sinking rates using global
                  geodynamic models with data-assimilation},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 230,
  pages = 104039
}
@article{peng97,
  author = {Peng, X. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Crustal velocity structure of northwestern {N}evada
                  from teleseismic receiver function analysis},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {745--754}
}
@article{pennacchioni05,
  title = {Control of the geometry of precursor brittle
                  structures on the type of ductile shear zone in the
                  {Adamello tonalites, Southern Alps (Italy)}},
  author = {Pennacchioni, Giorgio},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 27,
  pages = {627--644},
  year = 2005
}
@article{pennington81,
  author = {Pennington, W. D.},
  title = {{Subduction of the eastern Panama basin and
                  seismotectonics of northwestern South America}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {10753--10770}
}
@article{penniston15,
  author = {Penniston-Dor\-land, S.C. and Kohn, M.J. and
                  Manning, C.E.},
  title = {The global range of subduction zone thermal
                  structures from exhumed blueschists and eclogites:
                  {R}ocks are hotter than models},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 428,
  pages = {243--254}
}
@article{perez01,
  author = {P{\'{e}}rez, O. J. and Bilham, R. and Bendick,
                  R. and Velandia, J. R. and Hern{\'{a}}ndez, N. and
                  Moncayo, C. and Hoyer, M. and Kozuch, M.},
  title = {{Velocity field across the southern Caribbean plate
                  boundary and estimates of Caribbean/South-American
                  plate motion}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {2987--2990}
}
@article{perez01b,
  title = {An apparent mechanism dependence of radiated seismic
                  energy},
  author = {P{\'e}rez-Campos, Xyoli and Beroza, Gregory C},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {11127--11136},
  year = 2001
}
@article{perez11,
  author = {O. J. P{\'{e}}rez and R. Bilham and M. Sequera and
                  L. Molina and P. Gavotti and H. Codallo and
                  C. Moncayo and C. Rodr{\'{i}}guez and R.  Velandia
                  and M. Guzm{\'{a}}n and P. Molnar},
  title = {{Campo de velocidades GPS en el occidente de
                  Venezuela: Componente lateral derecha asociada a la
                  falla de Bocon{\'{o}} y componente convergente
                  perpendicular a los Andes}},
  journal = {Intersciencia},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {39--44}
}
@article{perfettini14,
  author = {Perfettini, H. and Avouac, J. P.},
  title = {{The seismic cycle in the area of the 2011 Mw9.0
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {4469--4515},
  doi = {10.1002/2013JB010697}
}
@article{perfettini18,
  title = {A model of aftershock migration driven by afterslip},
  author = {Perfettini, Hugo and Frank, WB and Marsan, D and
                  Bouchon, M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {2283--2293},
  year = 2018
}
@article{perfettini23,
  title = {The Interaction Between Frictional Slip and Viscous
                  Fault Root Produces Slow Slip Events},
  author = {Perfettini, H and Molinari, A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 128,
  doi = {10.1029/2022JB024645},
  pages = {{e2022JB024645}}
}
@incollection{perfit98,
  author = {Perfit, Michael R and Chadwick, William W},
  title = {Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from
                  volcanological and geochemical investigations},
  booktitle = {Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1998,
  pages = {59--116}
}
@article{perrin21,
  title = {The shear deformation zone and the smoothing of
                  faults with displacement},
  author = {Perrin, Clement and Waldhauser, Felix and Scholz,
                  Christopher H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2020JB020447},
  year = 2021
}
@article{perrin95,
  author = {Perrin, G. and Rice, J. R. and Zheng, G.},
  title = {Self-healing slip pulse on a frictional surface},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {1461--1495}
}
@article{perry-houts19,
  author = {J. Perry-Houts and L. Karlstrom},
  title = {Anisotropic viscosity and time-evolving lithospheric
                  instabilities due to aligned igneous intrusions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 216,
  pages = {794--802}
}
@article{perry03,
  author = {H. K. C. Perry and A. M. Forte and D. W. S. Eaton},
  title = {Upper-mantle thermochemical structure below {North
                  America} from seismic-geodynamic flow models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {279--299}
}
@article{persaud20,
  title = {{Scales of stress heterogeneity near active faults
                  in the Santa Barbara Channel, southern California}},
  author = {Persaud, Patricia and Pritchard, Edward H and Stock,
                  Joann M},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  number = 1,
  pages = {{e2019GC008744}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{peselnick78,
  title = {Seismic anisotropy in an ophiolite peridotite:
                  application to oceanic upper mantle},
  author = {Peselnick, L. and Nicolas, A.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 83,
  pages = {1227--1235},
  year = 1978
}
@article{peter08,
  author = {Peter, D. and L. Boschi and F. Deschamps and B. Fry
                  and G. Ekstr{\"{o}}m and D. Giardini},
  title = {{Surface-wave tomography: finite-frequency
                  shear-velocity inversions for the
                  European-Mediterranean region}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L16315},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL034769}
}
@techreport{petersen14,
  author = {Petersen, M. D. and Zeng, Y. and Haller, K. M. and
                  McCaffrey, R. and Hammond, W. C. and Bird, P. and
                  Moschetti, M. and Shen, Z. and Bormann, J. and
                  Thatcher, W.},
  title = {{Geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the
                  Western United States (excluding California)
                  national seismic hazard maps}},
  institution = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = 2014,
  note = {Open-File Report 2013–1293, available online at
                  \url{dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131293}, accessed
                  09/2015}
}
@article{petrillo20,
  title = {The influence of the brittle-ductile transition zone
                  on aftershock and foreshock occurrence},
  author = {Petrillo, Giuseppe and Lippiello, Eugenio and
                  Landes, Fran{\c{c}}ois P and Rosso, Alberto},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = 3010,
  year = 2020
}
@article{petrini20,
  title = {Seismo-hydro-mechanical modelling of the seismic
                  cycle: methodology and implications for subduction
                  zone seismicity},
  author = {Petrini, Claudio and Gerya, Taras and Yarushina,
                  Viktoriya and van Dinther, Ylona and Connolly, James
                  and Madonna, Claudio},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 791,
  pages = 228504,
  year = 2020
}
@article{petruccelli19,
  title = {The influence of faulting style on the
                  size-distribution of global earthquakes},
  author = {Petruccelli, Antonio and Schorlemmer, Danijel and
                  Tormann, Thessa and Rinaldi, Antonio Pio and Wiemer,
                  Stefan and Gasperini, Paolo and Vannucci,
                  Gianfranco},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 527,
  pages = 115791,
  year = 2019,
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{petrunin08,
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical models of the evolution
                  of pull-apart basins},
  author = {Petrunin, AG and Sobolev, Stephan V},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {387--399},
  year = 2008
}
@inproceedings{petsc-efficient,
  author = {Satish Balay and William D. Gropp and Lois Curfman
                  McInnes and Barry F. Smith},
  title = {Efficient Management of Parallelism in Object
                  Oriented Numerical Software Libraries},
  booktitle = {Modern Software Tools in Scientific Computing},
  editor = {E. Arge and A. M. Bruaset and H. P. Langtangen},
  pages = {163--202},
  publisher = {Birkh{\"{a}}user Press},
  year = 1997
}
@techreport{petsc-user-ref,
  author = {Satish Balay and Shrirang Abhyankar and
                  Mark~F. Adams and Jed Brown and Peter Brune and Kris
                  Buschelman and Lisandro Dalcin and Alp Dener and
                  Victor Eijkhout and William~D. Gropp and Dmitry
                  Karpeyev and Dinesh Kaushik and Matthew~G. Knepley
                  and Dave~A. May and Lois Curfman McInnes and Richard
                  Tran Mills and Todd Munson and Karl Rupp and Patrick
                  Sanan and Barry~F. Smith and Stefano Zampini and
                  Hong Zhang and Hong Zhang},
  title = {{PETS}c Users Manual},
  institution = {Argonne National Laboratory},
  year = 2020,
  number = {ANL-95/11 - Revision 3.14},
  url = {https://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc}
}
@article{peyrat01,
  title = {Dynamic modeling of the 1992 {L}anders earthquake},
  author = {Peyrat, Sophie and Olsen, Kim and Madariaga,
                  Ra{\'u}l},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 106,
  pages = {26467--26482},
  year = 2001
}
@article{peyrat04,
  title = {Nonlinear dynamic rupture inversion of the 2000
                  {W}estern {T}ottori, {J}apan, earthquake},
  author = {Peyrat, S and Olsen, KB},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  number = {L05604},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL019058},
  year = 2004
}
@article{pfund06,
  author = {Pfund, C. and Pribbenow, C. M. and Branchaw, J. and
                  Lauffer, S. M. and Handelsman, J.},
  title = {The merits of training mentors},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 311,
  pages = {473--474}
}
@book{pfund14,
  author = {Pfund, C. and Branchaw J. and Handelsman, J.},
  title = {Entering Mentoring},
  publisher = {Freeman},
  year = 2014,
  address = {New York},
  edition = 2
}
@article{pham21,
  title = {{Toward Improving Point-Source Moment-Tensor
                  Inference by Incorporating 1D Earth Model's
                  Uncertainty: Implications for the Long Valley
                  Caldera Earthquakes}},
  author = {Pham, Thanh-Son and Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Hrvoje},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 11,
  pages = {{e2021JB022477}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{pham23,
  author = {Pham, T. S. and Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, H.},
  title = {{Up-to-fivefold reverberating waves through the
                  Earth’s center and distinctly anisotropic innermost
                  inner core}},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 14,
  number = 754,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-36074-2}
}
@article{philibosian20,
  title = {{Segmentation and supercycles: A catalog of
                  earthquake rupture patterns from the Sumatran Sunda
                  Megathrust and other well-studied faults worldwide}},
  author = {Philibosian, Belle and Meltzner, Aron J},
  journal = {Quat. Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 241,
  pages = 106390,
  year = 2020
}
@article{philippon16,
  title = {Obliquity along plate boundaries},
  author = {Philippon, M{\'e}lody and Corti, Giacomo},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 693,
  pages = {171--182},
  year = 2016
}
@article{phillips05,
  author = {Phillips, B. R. and Bunge, H.-P.},
  title = {Heterogeneity and time dependence in {3D} spherical
                  mantle convection models with continental drift},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 233,
  pages = {121--135}
}
@article{phillips86,
  author = {Phillips, R. J.},
  title = {{A mechanism for tectonic deformation on Venus}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1141--1144}
}
@article{phinney64,
  title = {{Structure of the Earth's crust from spectral
                  behavior of long-period body waves}},
  author = {Phinney, Robert A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 69,
  pages = {2997--3017},
  year = 1964
}
@article{phinney73,
  author = {Phinney, R. A. and Burridge, R.},
  title = {Representation of the elastic-gravitational
                  excitation of a spherical {E}arth model by
                  generalized spherical harmonics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {451--487}
}
@article{phipps93,
  title = {Dependence of ridge-axis morphology on magma supply
                  and spreading rate},
  author = {Phipps-Morgan, Jason and Chen, Y John},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 364,
  pages = {706--708},
  year = 1993
}
@article{phipps95,
  author = {Phipps-Morgan, J. and Morgan, W. J. and Zhang,
                  Y.-S. and Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {Observational hints for a plume-fed, suboceanic
                  asthenosphere and its role in mantle convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {12753--12767}
}
@article{phipps99,
  author = {Phipps-Morgan, J. and Morgan, W. J.},
  title = {Two-stage melting and the geochemical evolution of
                  the mantle: a recipe for mantle plum-pudding},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {215--239}
}
@book{phl23,
  author = {{Planetary Habitability Lab}},
  title = {The habitable exoplanets catalog},
  publisher = {The University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo},
  year = 2023,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog},
                  accessed 04/2023}
}
@article{piana18,
  author = {Piana Agostinetti, N. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {{Deep structure of Northern Apennines subduction
                  orogen (Italy) as revealed by a joint interpretation
                  of passive and active seismic data}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {4017--4024}
}
@article{piepenbreier01,
  author = {Piepenbreier, D. and St{\"{o}}ckhert, B.},
  title = {Plastic flow of omphacite in eclogites at
                  temperatures below 500$^\circ${C} - implications for
                  interplate coupling in subduction zones},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 90,
  number = 197,
  doi = {10.1007/s005310000159}
}
@book{pierrehumbert10,
  author = {Pierrehumbert, R. T.},
  title = {Principles of Planetary Climate},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge UK},
  year = 2010
}
@article{piersanti95,
  author = {Piersanti, A. and Spada, G. and Sabadini, R. and
                  Bonafede, M.},
  title = {Global post-seismic deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {544--566}
}
@article{piersanti97,
  author = {Piersanti, A. and Spada, A. and Sabadini, R.},
  title = {Global postseismic rebound of a viscoelastic
                  {E}arth: theory for finite faults and application to
                  the 1964 {A}laska earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {477--492}
}
@article{pikser12,
  author = {Pikser, J. E. and Forsyth, D. W. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {{Along-strike translation of a fossil slab}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 331,
  pages = {315--321}
}
@incollection{pindell09,
  author = {Pindell, J. L. and Kennan, L.},
  title = {Tectonic evolution of the {G}ulf of {M}exico,
                  {C}aribbean and northern {S}outh {A}merica in the
                  mantle reference frame: {A}n update},
  booktitle = {The origin and evolution of the {C}aribbean {P}late},
  pages = {1--55},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 2009,
  editor = {James, K. and Lorente, M. A and Pindell, J.},
  series = {Special pub.},
  volume = 328
}
@inproceedings{pinter95,
  author = {Pinter, N. and Lueddecke-Pinter, S. and Keller,
                  E. A.},
  title = {{Short-term and long-term activity on the Santa Cruz
                  Island Fault, California} (abstract)},
  pages = 105,
  year = 1995,
  volume = 27,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, 1995 Annual
                  meeting. Abstracts with Programs}
}
@article{piromallo01,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Vincent, A. P. and Yuen, D. A. and
                  Morelli, A.},
  title = {Dynamics of the transition zone under {E}urope
                  inferred from wavelet cross-spectra of seismic
                  tomography},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {125--139}
}
@article{piromallo03,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Morelli, A.},
  title = {{$P$} wave tomography of the mantle under the
                  {A}lpine-{M}editerranean area},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001757},
  pages = 2065
}
@article{piromallo04,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {How deep can we find the traces of {A}lpine
                  subduction?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  number = {L06605},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL019288}
}
@article{piromallo06,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Becker, T. W. and Funiciello,
                  F. and Faccenna, C.},
  title = {Three-dimensional instantaneous mantle flow induced
                  by subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 33,
  number = {L08304},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL025390}
}
@article{piromallo97,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Morelli, A.},
  title = {Imaging the {M}editerranean upper mantle by {P}-wave
                  travel time tomography},
  journal = {Annal. Geof.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {963--979}
}
@article{piromallo98,
  author = {Piromallo, C. and Morelli, A.},
  title = {{\it {P}}-wave propagation heterogeneity and
                  earthquake location in the {M}editerranean region},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 135,
  pages = {232--254}
}
@article{pitman78,
  author = {Pitman III, W. C.},
  title = {Relationship between eustacy and stratigraphic
                  sequences of passive margins},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {1389--1403}
}
@article{pitzer94,
  author = {Pitzer, K. S. and Sterner, S. M.},
  title = {{Equation of state valid continuously from zero to
                  extreme pressures for H$_2$O and CO$_2$}},
  journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {3111--3116}
}
@article{plag01,
  author = {Plag, H. P. and J{\"{u}}ttner, H. U.},
  title = {Inversion of global tide gauge data for present-day
                  ice load changes},
  journal = {Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {301--317}
}
@article{plank93,
  title = {Tracing trace elements from sediment input to
                  volcanic output at subduction zones},
  author = {Plank, Terry and Langmuir, Charles H},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 362,
  pages = {739--743},
  year = 1993
}
@article{plank98,
  author = {Plank, T. and Langmuir, C. H.},
  title = {The chemical composition of subducting sediment and
                  its consequences for the crust and mantle},
  journal = {Chem. Geol.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {325--394}
}
@article{platt08,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {The {S}an {A}ndreas transform system and the
                  tectonics of {C}alifornia: an alternative approach},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 274,
  pages = {380--391},
  year = 2008
}
@article{platt09,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Where is the true transform boundary in California?},
  journal = {2009 SCEC Annual Meeting Abstracts},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 19,
  pages = 283
}
@article{platt10,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Where is the real transform boundary in
                  California?}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q06013},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003060}
}
@article{platt11,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Behr, W. M.},
  title = {Deep structure of lithospheric fault zones},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L24308}
}
@article{platt11b,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Behr, W. M.},
  title = {Lithospheric shear zones as constant stress
                  experiments},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {127--130}
}
@article{platt13,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Kinematics of rotating panels of E-W faults in the
                  San Andreas system: what can we tell from geodesy?}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 194,
  pages = {1295--1301}
}
@article{platt86,
  author = {Platt, J. P.},
  title = {Dynamics of orogenic wedges and the uplift of
                  high-pressure metamorphic rocks},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1037--1053}
}
@article{platt89,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and Vissers, R. L. M.},
  title = {Extensional collapse of thickened continental
                  lithosphere: {A} working hypothesis for the
                  {A}lboran {S}ea and {G}ibraltar arcs},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {540--543}
}
@article{platt93,
  author = {Platt, J. P. and England, P. C.},
  title = {Convective removal of lithosphere beneath mountain
                  belts: thermal and mechanical consequences},
  journal = {Amer. J. Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 293,
  pages = {307--335}
}
@article{plenefisch97,
  author = {Plenefisch, T. and Bonjer, K.-P.},
  title = {The stress field in the {R}hine {G}raben area
                  inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms and
                  estimation of frictional parameters},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {71--97}
}
@article{plesch02,
  author = {Plesch, A. and Shaw, J. H. and Dolan, J. and Grant,
                  L. and Hauksson, E. and Kamerling, M. and Legg,
                  M. and Lindvall, S. and Nicholson, C. and Rockwell,
                  T. and Sorlien, C. and Yeats, R.},
  title = {{SCEC} {3D} Community Fault Model for Southern
                  {C}alifornia (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 83,
  number = 47,
  pages = {{S21A}-0966}
}
@article{pleschetal07,
  author = {Plesch, Andreas and Shaw, John H. and Benson,
                  Christine and Bryant, William A. and Carena, Sara
                  and Cooke, Michele and Dolan, James and Fuis, Gary
                  and Gath, Eldon and Grant, Lisa and Hauksson, Egill
                  and Jordan, Thomas and Kamerling, Marc and Legg,
                  Mark and Lindvall, Scott and Magistrale, Harold and
                  Nicholson, Craig and Niemi, Nathan and Oskin,
                  Michael and Perry, Sue and Planansky, George and
                  Rockwell, Thomas and Shearer, Peter and Sorlien,
                  Christopher and Suss, M. Peter and Suppe, John and
                  Treiman, Jerry and Yeats, Robert},
  title = {{Community fault model (CFM) for southern
                  California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = {{2007}},
  volume = {{97}},
  pages = {{1793--1802}}
}
@article{plomerova02,
  author = {Plomerov{\'{a}}, J. and Kouba, D. and Babu{\v{s}}ka,
                  V.},
  title = {Mapping the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
                  through changes in surface-wave anisotropy},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 58,
  pages = {175--185}
}
@article{plomerova02b,
  title = {{Seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere around the
                  Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) based on
                  teleseismic body-wave data of the TOR experiment}},
  author = {Plomerov{\'{a}}, J. and Babu{\v{s}}ka, V. and
                  Vecsey, L. and Kouba, D. and {TOR Working Group}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 360,
  pages = {89--114},
  year = 2002
}
@article{plomerova96,
  author = {Plomerov{\'{a}}, J. and {\v{S}}{\'{i}}len{\'{y}},
                  J. and Babu{\v{s}}ka, V.},
  title = {Joint interpretation of upper-mantle anisotropy
                  based on teleseismic {P}-travel time delays and
                  inversion of shear-wave splitting parameters},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {293--309}
}
@article{plunder18,
  author = {Plunder, A. and Thieulot, C. and van Hinsbergen,
                  D. J. J.},
  title = {The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction
                  zones: insights from {3-D} numerical modeling},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {749--776}
}
@article{podolefsky04,
  author = {Podolefsky, N. S. and Zhong, S. and McNamara, A. K.},
  title = {The anisotropic and rheological structure of the
                  oceanic upper mantle from a simple model of plate
                  shear},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 158,
  pages = {287--296},
  year = 2004
}
@article{poirier82,
  author = {Poirier, J. P. and Liebermann, R. C.},
  title = {On the activation volume for creep and its variation
                  with depth in the {E}arth's lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {283--293}
}
@book{poirier85,
  author = {Poirier, J.-P.},
  title = {Creep of Crystals. {H}igh-Temperature Deformation
                  Processes in Metals, Ceramics and Minerals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1985
}
@article{poirier88,
  title = {{Transport properties of liquid metals and viscosity
                  of the Earth's core}},
  author = {Poirier, JP},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {99--105},
  year = 1988
}
@article{pokorny21,
  author = {Pokorn{\'{y}}, J. and {\v {C}}\'i{\v {z}}kov\'a,
                  H. and van den Berg, A.},
  title = {Feedbacks between subduction dynamics and slab
                  deformation: {C}ombined effects of nonlinear
                  rheology of a weak decoupling layer and phase
                  transitions},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 313,
  pages = 106679
}
@article{polet00,
  author = {Polet, J. and Silver, P. G. and Beck, S. and
                  Wallace, T. and Zandt, G. and Ruppert, S. and Kind,
                  R. and Rudloff, A.},
  title = {Shear wave anisotropy beneath the {A}ndes from the
                  {BANJO}, {SEDA}, and {PISCO} experiments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {6287--6304}
}
@article{polet02,
  author = {Polet, J. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Anisotropy beneath {C}alifornia: shear wave
                  splitting measurements using a dense broadband
                  array},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {313--327}
}
@article{polet95,
  author = {Polet, J. and Anderson, H.},
  title = {Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic
                  studies},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {205--208}
}
@article{polet97,
  author = {Polet, J. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Upper mantle shear velocities beneath southern
                  {C}alifornia determined using long period surface
                  waves},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {200--209}
}
@article{poli02,
  author = {Poli, S. and Schmidt, M. W.},
  title = {Petrology of subducted slabs},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {207--235}
}
@incollection{poliakov93,
  author = {A. N. B. Poliakov and P. A. Cundall and
                  Y. Y. Podladchikov and V. A.  Lyakhovsky},
  title = {An explicit inertial method for the simulation of
                  viscoelastic flow: {A}n evaluation of elastic
                  effects on diapiric flow in two and three-layers
                  models},
  booktitle = {Flow and Creep in the Solar Systems: Observations,
                  Modeling and Theory},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 1993,
  series = {Proc. NATO Adv. Study Institute},
  editor = {D. B. Stone and S. K. Runcorn},
  pages = {175--195},
  address = {Dordrecht}
}
@article{poliannikov11a,
  author = {Poliannikov, O. V.},
  title = {Retrieving reflections by source- receiver wavefield
                  interferometry},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {SA1--SA8}
}
@inproceedings{poliannikov11b,
  author = {Poliannikov, O. V. and S. Rondenay and L. Chen},
  title = {Imaging the underside of subducted slabs by
                  interferometry},
  booktitle = {81st Ann. Internat. Mtg. Soc. Expl. Geophys.
                  (Expanded Abstracts)},
  pages = {3799--3803},
  year = 2011
}
@article{pollack00,
  title = {Climate reconstruction from subsurface temperatures},
  author = {Pollack, Henry N and Huang, Shaopeng},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {339--365},
  year = 2000
}
@article{pollack86,
  title = {Cratonization and thermal evolution of the mantle},
  author = {Pollack, Henry N},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {175--182},
  year = 1986
}
@article{pollack93,
  author = {Pollack, H. N. and Hurter, S. J. and Johnston,
                  J. R.},
  title = {Heat flow from the {E}arth's interior: {A}nalysis of
                  the global dataset},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {267--280}
}
@article{pollard84,
  author = {Pollard, D. D. and Aydin, A.},
  title = {Propagation and linkage of oceanic ridge segments},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {10017--10028}
}
@incollection{pollard87,
  author = {Pollard, D. D. and Segall, P.},
  title = {Theoretical Displacements and Stresses Near
                  Fractures in Rock: With Applications to Faults,
                  Joints, Veins, Dikes, and Solution Surfaces},
  booktitle = {Fracture Mechanics of Rock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 1987,
  editor = {Atkinson, B. K.},
  chapter = 8,
  pages = {277--350},
  address = {London}
}
@article{pollard93,
  author = {Pollard, D. D. and Saltzer, S. D. and Rubin, A.},
  title = {Stress inversion methods: are they based on faulty
                  assumptions?},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {1045--1054}
}
@article{pollitz01,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F. and Wicks, C. and Thatcher, W.},
  title = {Mantle Flow Beneath a Continental Strike-Slip Fault:
                  Postseismic Deformation After the 1999 {H}ector
                  {M}ine Earthquake},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 293,
  pages = {1814-1818}
}
@article{pollitz03,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F.},
  title = {The relationship between the instantaneous velocity
                  field and the rate of moment release in the
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 153,
  pages = {595--608}
}
@article{pollitz06,
  author = {Pollitz, F. and Vergnolle, M.},
  title = {Mechanical deformation model of the western {United
                  States} instantaneous strain-rate field},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {421--444}
}
@article{pollitz06b,
  author = {Pollitz, F. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Banerjee, P.},
  title = {{Post-seismic relaxation following the great 2004
                  Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on a compressible
                  self-gravitating Earth}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {397--420}
}
@article{pollitz08,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F. and McCrory, P. and Svarc, J. and
                  Murray, J.},
  title = {Dislocation models of interseismic deformation in
                  the western {United States}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B04413},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005174}
}
@article{pollitz12,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F. and B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Thatcher,
                  W.},
  title = {{Illumination of rheological mantle heterogeneity by
                  the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004139}
}
@article{pollitz13,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F. and A. Wech and H. Kao and
                  R. B{\"{u}}rgmann},
  title = {Annual modulation of non-volcanic tremor in northern
                  {C}ascadia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50181},
  pages = {2445--2459}
}
@article{pollitz14,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F.},
  title = {Post-earthquake relaxation using a spectral element
                  method: {2.5-D Case}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 198,
  pages = {308--326}
}
@article{pollitz15,
  author = {Pollitz, F.F.},
  title = {Post-earthquake relaxation evidence for laterally
                  variable viscoelastic structure and water content in
                  the southern {C}alifornia mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {2672--2696},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011603}
}
@article{pollitz19,
  title = {Lithosphere and shallow asthenosphere rheology from
                  observations of post-earthquake relaxation},
  author = {Pollitz, Fred F},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 293,
  pages = 106271,
  year = 2019
}
@article{pollitz22,
  author = {F. F. Pollitz and E. L. Evans and E. H. Field and
                  A. E. Hatem and E. H. Hearn and K. Johnson and
                  J. R. Murray and P. M. Powers and Z.-K. Shen and
                  C. Wespestad and Y. Zeng},
  title = {{Western U.S. deformation models for the 2023 update
                  to the U.S.  National Seismic Hazard Model}},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {3068--3086}
}
@article{pollitz97,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F. and Sacks, I. S.},
  title = {The 1995 {K}obe, {J}apan, earthquake: A Long-Delayed
                  Aftershock of the Offshore 1944 {T}onankai and 1946
                  {N}ankaido Earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {1--10},
  month = {February},
  annote = {coulomb stres, kobe}
}
@article{pollitz97b,
  author = {Pollitz, F. F.},
  title = {Gravitational viscoelastic postseismic relaxation on
                  a layered spherical {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {17921--17941}
}
@article{pollitz98,
  title = {Viscosity of oceanic asthenosphere inferred from
                  remote triggering of earthquakes},
  author = {Pollitz, Fred F and Burgmann, Roland and Romanowicz,
                  Barbara},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 280,
  pages = {1245--1249},
  year = 1998
}
@article{pomyalov23,
  title = {The dynamics of unsteady frictional slip pulses},
  author = {Pomyalov, Anna and Barras, Fabian and Roch, Thibault
                  and Brener, Efim A and Bouchbinder, Eran},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {e2309374120},
  year = 2023
}
@article{pondard07,
  title = {{Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart
                  (North Anatolian Fault): earthquake clustering and
                  propagating earthquake sequences}},
  author = {Pondard, Nicolas and Armijo, Rolando and King,
                  Geoffrey CP and Meyer, Bertrand and Flerit,
                  Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {1185--1197},
  year = 2007
}
@article{ponte07,
  author = {Ponte, R. M. and Quinn, K. J. and Wunsch, C. and
                  Heimbach, P.},
  title = {A comparison of model and {GRACE} estimates of the
                  large-scale seasonal cycle in ocean bottom pressure},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 34,
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL029599},
  year = 2007,
  number = {L09603}
}
@article{popov12,
  author = {Popov, A. A. and Sobolev, S. V. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {{Modeling evolution of the San Andreas Fault system
                  in northern and central California}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 13,
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004086},
  year = 2012,
  number = {Q08016}
}
@article{porritt14,
  author = {Porritt, R. W. and Becker, T. W. and Monsalve, G},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and slab dynamics from {SKS}
                  splitting recorded in {C}olombia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL061958}
}
@article{porritt19,
  author = {Porritt, R. W. and Becker, T. W. and Boschi, L. and
                  Auer, L.},
  title = {M{antle structure and dynamics under the continuous
                  United States inferred from tomographic imaging of
                  radially anisotropic shear velocity (abstract)}},
  journal = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2019,
  number = {S44A-04}
}
@article{porritt21,
  title = {{Multiscale, radially anisotropic shear wave imaging
                  of the mantle underneath the contiguous United
                  States through joint inversion of USArray and global
                  data sets}},
  author = {Porritt, Robert W and Becker, Thorsten W and Boschi,
                  Lapo and Auer, Ludwig},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 226,
  pages = {1730--1746},
  year = 2021
}
@article{porter11,
  author = {Porter, R. and Zandt, G. and McQuarrie, N.},
  title = {{Pervasive lower-crustal seismic anisotropy in
                  Southern California: Evidence for underplated
                  schists and active tectonics}},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1130/L126.1}
}
@article{porth00,
  author = {Porth, R.},
  title = {A strain-rate dependent force model of lithospheric
                  strength},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {647--660}
}
@article{portner17,
  author = {Portner, D. E. and Beck, S. and Zandt, G. and Scire,
                  A.},
  title = {The nature of subslab slow velocity anomalies
                  beneath {South America}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {4747--4755}
}
@misc{postk17,
  author = {{RIKEN AICS}},
  title = {{post-K computer: Priority Issue 3 - Development of
                  integrated simulation systems for hazards and
                  disasters induced by earthquakes and tsunamis}},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{www.aics.riken.jp/en/postk/outcome/pi3},
                  accessed 12/2017},
  year = 2017
}
@article{pousse17,
  title = {{Pleistocene slip rates on the Bocon{\'o} fault
                  along the North Andean Block plate boundary,
                  Venezuela}},
  author = {Pousse-Beltran, Lea and Vassallo, Riccardo and
                  Audemard, Franck and Jouanne, Fran{\c{c}}ois and
                  Carcaillet, Julien and Pathier, Erwan and Volat,
                  Matthieu},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {1207--1231},
  year = 2017
}
@article{power88,
  author = {Power, W. L. and Tullis, T. E. and J. D. Weeks },
  title = {Roughness and Wear During Brittle Faulting},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {15268--15278}
}
@article{power91,
  author = {Power, W. L. and Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {Euclidean and fractal models for the description of
                  rock surface roughness},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {415--424}
}
@article{power92,
  author = {Power, W. L. and Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {{The contact between opposing fault surfaces at
                  Dixie Valley, Nevada and implications for fault
                  mechanics}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {15425--15435}
}
@article{powers08,
  author = {Powers, P. M. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Distribution of Seismicity Across Strike-Slip Faults
                  in {California}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 89,
  number = 53,
  pages = {S21B-1831}
}
@article{powers10,
  author = {Powers, P. M. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Distribution of seismicity across strike-slip faults
                  in {C}alifornia},
  year = 2010,
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B05305},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006234}
}
@book{pozrikidis05,
  author = {Pozrikidis, C.},
  title = {Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods
                  Using {MATLAB}},
  publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
  year = 2005
}
@article{pranger22,
  title = {Rate and state friction as a spatially regularized
                  transient viscous flow law},
  author = {Pranger, Casper and Sanan, Patrick and May, Dave A
                  and Le Pourhiet, Laetitia and Gabriel, Alice-Agnes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 127,
  pages = {{e2021JB023511}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{prather12,
  title = {Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: {S}ystematic
                  exploration of uncertainties and the role of
                  atmospheric chemistry},
  author = {Prather, Michael J and Holmes, Christopher D and
                  Hsu, Juno},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  number = 9,
  year = 2012,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@incollection{prather13,
  author = {M. Prather and G. Flato and P. Friedlingstein and
                  C. Jones and J.-F. Lamarque and H. Liao and
                  P. Rasch},
  title = {{IPCC, 2013: Annex II: Climate System Scenario
                  Tables}},
  booktitle = {{Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science
                  Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
                  Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
                  Climate Change}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2013,
  editor = {T. F. Stocker and D. Qin and G.-K. Plattner and
                  M. Tignor and S.K. Allen and J. Boschung and
                  A. Nauels and Y. Xia and V. Bex and P.M. Midgley},
  pages = {1395--1445},
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@article{pratt55,
  title = {{I. On the attraction of the Himalaya Mountains, and
                  of the elevated regions beyond them, upon the
                  plumb-line in India}},
  author = {Pratt, John Henry},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London},
  volume = 145,
  pages = {53--100},
  year = 1855,
  publisher = {The Royal Society London}
}
@article{precigout09,
  author = {Pr{\'{e}}cigout, J. and Gueydan, F.},
  title = {Mantle weakening and strain localization:
                  Implications for the long-term strength of the
                  continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {147--150}
}
@article{precigout17,
  author = {Pr{\'{e}}cigout, J. and Prigent, C. and Palasse,
                  L. and Pochon, A.},
  title = {Water pumping in mantle shear zones},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 8,
  number = 15736,
  year = 2017,
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms15736}
}
@article{prejean02,
  author = {Prejean, S. and Ellsworth, W. and Zoback, M. and
                  Waldhauser, F.},
  title = {Fault structure and kinematics of the {L}ong
                  {V}alley {C}aldera region, {C}alifornia; revealed by
                  high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal
                  mechanism stress inversion},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = 2355,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001168}
}
@inproceedings{prentice86,
  author = {Prentice, C. S. and Weldon, R. J. and Sieh, K. E.},
  title = {Distribution of slip between the {S}an {A}ndreas and
                  {S}an {J}acinto faults near {S}an {B}ernardino,
                  Southern {C}alifornia (abstract)},
  pages = 172,
  year = 1986,
  volume = 18,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 82nd annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@book{press93,
  author = {Press, W. H. and Teukolsky, S. A. and Vetterling,
                  W. T. and Flannery, B. P.},
  title = {Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific
                  Computing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1993,
  address = {Cambridge},
  edition = 2
}
@article{preuss19,
  author = {S. Preuss and R. Herrend{\"{o}}rfer and T. Gerya and
                  J.-P. Ampuero and Y. van Dinther},
  title = {Seismic and aseismic fault growth lead to different
                  fault orientations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {8867--8889}
}
@article{preuss20,
  title = {Characteristics of earthquake ruptures and dynamic
                  off-fault deformation on propagating faults},
  author = {Preuss, Simon and Ampuero, Jean Paul and Gerya,
                  Taras and van Dinther, Ylona},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1333--1360},
  year = 2020
}
@article{priestley06,
  author = {Priestley, K. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {The thermal structure of the lithosphere from shear
                  wave velocities},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 244,
  pages = {285--301}
}
@article{priestley06b,
  author = {Priestley, K. and Debayle, E. and McKenzie, D. and
                  Pilidou, S.},
  title = {{Upper mantle structure of eastern Asia from
                  multimode surface waveform tomography}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B10304},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004082}
}
@article{priestley13,
  author = {Priestley, K. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {The relationship between shear wave velocity,
                  temperature, attenuation and viscosity in the
                  shallow part of the mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 381,
  pages = {78--91}
}
@article{prieto04,
  author = {Prieto, G. A. and P. M. Shearer and F. L. Vernon and
                  D. Kilb.},
  title = {{Earthquake source scaling and self-similarity
                  estimation from stacking $P$ and $S$ spectra}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B08310},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003084}
}
@article{prieto07,
  author = {Prieto, G. A. and D. J. Thomson and F. L. Vernon and
                  P. M. Shearer and R. L. Parker},
  title = {Confidence intervals of earthquake source
                  parameters},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {1227--1234}
}
@article{principi84,
  author = {Principi, G. and Treves, B.},
  title = {Il sistema corso-appennino come prisma
                  d'accrezione. {R}iflessi sul problema generale del
                  limite {A}lpi-{A}ppennino},
  journal = {Mem. Soc. Geol. It.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {529--576}
}
@article{prindle-sheldrake04,
  author = {Prindle-Sheldrake, K. and Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Teleseismic surface wave study for {S}-wave velocity
                  structure under an array: {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {601--621}
}
@article{prindle04,
  author = {Prindle-Sheldrake, K. L. and Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Southern {C}alifornia Plate Parallel Azimuthal
                  Anisotropy from Surface Wave data (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T33A-1351}
}
@article{pritchard09,
  title = {Uplift histories from river profiles},
  author = {Pritchard, D and Roberts, GG and White, NJ and
                  Richardson, CN},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 36,
  number = {L24301},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL040928},
  year = 2009
}
@article{pritchard20,
  author = {M. E. Pritchard and R. M. Allen and T. W. Becker and
                  M. D. Behn and E. E. Brodsky and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann
                  and C. Ebinger and J. T. Freymueller and
                  M. Gerstenberger and B. Haines and Y. Kaneko and
                  S. D. Jacobsen and N. Lindsey and J. J. McGuire and
                  M. Page and S. Ruiz and M. Tolstoy and L. Wallace
                  and W. R. Walter and W. Wilcock and H. Vincent},
  title = {New opportunities to study earthquake precursors},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {2444--2447}
}
@article{proctor15,
  author = {Proctor, B. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Role of pore fluid pressure on transient strength
                  changes and fabric development during serpentine
                  dehydration at mantle conditions: {I}mplications for
                  subduction-​ zone seismicity},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1--12}
}
@book{prodehl79,
  author = {Prodehl, C. },
  title = {{Crustal Structure of the Western United States}},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 1034,
  series = {U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.}
}
@article{proud22,
  title = {{The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga
                  Ha’apai volcano reached the mesosphere}},
  author = {Proud, Simon R and Prata, Andrew T and Schmau{\ss},
                  Simeon},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 378,
  pages = {554--557},
  year = 2022
}
@incollection{provost06,
  author = {Provost, A.-S. and Ch{\'{e}}ry, J.},
  title = {Relation between effective friction and fault slip
                  rates across the {Northern San Andreas} fault
                  system},
  booktitle = {Numerical modeling of crustal scale processes},
  pages = {429--436},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Buiter, S. J. H. and Schreurs, G.},
  volume = 253,
  series = {Spec. Pub.},
  address = {London}
}
@article{puel22,
  title = {{Mixed, unified forward/inverse framework for
                  earthquake problems: Fault implementation and
                  coseismic slip estimate}},
  author = {Puel, S. and Khattatov, E. and Villa, U. and Liu,
                  D. and Ghattas, O. and Becker, T. W},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 230,
  pages = {733-758},
  year = 2022
}
@article{puel24,
  title = {An adjoint-based optimization method for jointly
                  inverting heterogeneous material properties and
                  fault slip from earthquake surface deformation data},
  author = {Puel, S. and Becker, T. W. and Villa, U. and
                  Ghattas, O. and Liu, D.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 236,
  pages = {778--797},
  year = 2024
}
@article{puel24b,
  title = {{Volcanic arc rigidity variations illuminated by
                  coseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku-oki M9}},
  author = {Puel, S. and Becker, T. W. and Villa, U. and
                  Ghattas, O. and Liu, D.},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = {in revision},
  notes = {Availablable online at
                  \url{https://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/puel24_sci_adv_preprint.pdf}},
  year = 2024
}
@article{puethe14,
  author = {P{\"{u}}the, C. and Gerya, T.},
  title = {{Dependence of mid-ocean ridge morphology on
                  spreading rate in numerical 3-D models}},
  journal = {Gondw. Res.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {270--283}
}
@article{purcaru78,
  author = {Purcaru, G. and Berckhemer, H.},
  title = {A Magnitude Scale for Very Large Earthquakes},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {189--198}
}
@article{purcell77,
  title = {Life at low {R}eynolds number},
  author = {Purcell, Edward M},
  journal = {Amer. J. Phys.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {3--11},
  year = 1977
}
@article{pusok15,
  author = {Pusok, A. E. and Kaus, Boris J. P.},
  title = {Development of topography in 3-{D}
                  continental-collision models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1378--1400},
  year = 2015
}
@article{pusok18,
  title = {The effect of rheological approximations in {3-D}
                  numerical simulations of subduction and collision},
  author = {Pusok, Adina E and Kaus, Boris JP and Popov, Anton
                  A},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {296--311},
  year = 2018
}
@article{pusok20,
  title = {The convergence history of {India-Eurasia} records
                  multiple subduction dynamics processes},
  author = {Pusok, Adina E and Stegman, Dave R},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 6,
  number = 19,
  pages = {eaaz8681},
  year = 2020
}
@article{puster95,
  author = {Puster, P. and Hager, B. H. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Mantle convection experiments with evolving plates},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {2223--2226}
}
@article{puster97,
  author = {Puster, P. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {How stratified is mantle convection?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {7625--7646}
}
@manual{pylith,
  author = {B. Aagaard and B., M. Knepley and C. Williams},
  title = {PyLith User Manual, Version 2.2.0},
  year = 2017,
  organization = {Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics},
  address = {Davis, CA},
  keywords = {PyLith},
  note = {availabline online at
                  \url{geodynamics.org/cig/software/github/pylith/v2.2.0/pylith-2.2.0_manual.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2021}
}
@unpublished{pyre,
  author = {{Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research}},
  title = {{PYRE} homepage},
  note = {Online at \url{www.cacr.caltech.edu/projects/pyre/},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{pysklywec05,
  author = {Pysklywec, R. N. and Ishii, M.},
  title = {Time dependent subduction dynamics driven by the
                  instability of stagnant slabs in the transition
                  zone},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {115--132}
}
@article{pysklywec97,
  author = {Pysklywec, R. N. and Mitrovica, J. X.},
  title = {Mantle avalanches and the dynamic topography of
                  continents},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 148,
  pages = {447--455}
}
@article{pysklywec98,
  title = {Mantle flow mechanisms for the large-scale
                  subsidence of continental interiors},
  author = {Pysklywec, Russell N and Mitrovica, Jerry X},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {687--690},
  year = 1998
}
@unpublished{python,
  author = {{Python Software Foundation}},
  title = {Python},
  note = {Online at \url{www.python.org/}, accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{qin09,
  author = {Qin, Y. and Capdeville, Y. and Montagner, J.-P. and
                  Boschi, L. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Reliability of mantle tomography models assessed by
                  spectral-element simulation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 177,
  pages = {125--144}
}
@article{qin17,
  author = {Qin, Y. and Singh, S. C.},
  title = {{Detailed seismic velocity of the incoming
                  subducting sediments in the 2004 great Sumatra
                  earthquake rupture zone from full waveform inversion
                  of long offset seismic data}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {3090--3099}
}
@article{qin18,
  title = {{Formation of the lunar fossil bulges and its
                  implication for the early Earth and Moon}},
  author = {Qin, Chuan and Zhong, Shijie and Phillips, Roger},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {1286--1296},
  year = 2018
}
@article{qiuetal19,
  author = {Qiu, Hongrui and Lin, Fan-Chi and Ben-Zion, Yehuda},
  title = {{Eikonal Tomography of the Southern California Plate
                  Boundary Region}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2019}},
  volume = {{124}},
  pages = {{9755--9779}},
  doi = {10.1029/2019JB017806}
}
@article{quinteros13,
  author = {J. Quinteros and S. V. Sobolev},
  title = {{Why has the Nazca plate slowed since the Neogene?}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {32--34}
}
@article{rabinowicz51,
  author = {Rabinowicz, E.},
  title = {The nature of static and kinetic coefficients of
                  friction},
  journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
  year = 1951,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1373--1379}
}
@article{rabinowicz58,
  author = {Rabinowicz, E.},
  title = {The intrinsic variables affecting the stick-slip
                  process},
  journal = {Proc. Phys. Soc. London},
  year = 1958,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {668--675}
}
@article{rabinowicz90,
  author = {Rabinowicz, M. and others},
  title = {Three dimensional models of mantle flow across a
                  low-viscosity zone: implications for hotpots
                  dynamics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {170--184}
}
@article{rabinowitz18,
  title = {{Frictional behavior of input sediments to the
                  Hikurangi Trench, New Zealand}},
  author = {Rabinowitz, HS and Savage, HM and Skarbek, RM and
                  Ikari, Matt J and Carpenter, Brett M and Collettini,
                  C},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2973--2990},
  year = 2018
}
@article{rader15,
  author = {Rader, E. and Emry, E. and Schmerr, N. and Frost,
                  D. and Cheng, C. and Menard, J. and Yu, C.-Y. and
                  Geist, D. },
  title = {Characterization and Petrological Constraints of the
                  Midlithospheric Discontinuity},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {3484--3504},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GC005943}
}
@article{radiguet16,
  author = {M. Radiguet and H. Perfettini and N. Cotte and
                  A. Gualandi and B. Valette and V. Kostoglodov and
                  T. Lhomme and A. Walpersdorf and E. C. Cano and
                  M. Campillo},
  title = {{Triggering of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Papanoa earthquake by
                  a slow slip event in Guerrero, Mexico}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {829--833}
}
@article{raghavan98,
  title = {{Measuring the global radioactivity in the Earth by
                  multidetector antineutrino spectroscopy}},
  author = {Raghavan, R Si and Schoenert, S and Enomoto, S and
                  Shirai, J and Suekane, F and Suzuki, A},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = 80,
  pages = 635,
  year = 1998
}
@article{raitt56,
  author = {Raitt, R. W.},
  title = {{Seismic-refraction studies of the Pacific Ocean
                  basin: Part 1: Crustal thickness of the Equatorial
                  Pacific}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 1956,
  volume = 67,
  pages = {1623--1640}
}
@article{rajaonarison21,
  title = {{Role of lithospheric buoyancy forces in driving
                  deformation in East Africa from 3D geodynamic
                  modeling}},
  author = {Rajaonarison, Tahiry A and Stamps, D Sarah and
                  Naliboff, John},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  number = 6,
  pages = {{e2020GL090483}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{ramos09,
  title = {Andean flat-slab subduction through time},
  author = {Ramos, Victor A and Folguera, Andr{\'e}s},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 327,
  pages = {31--54},
  year = 2009
}
@article{ramos19,
  title = {How the transition region along the {C}ascadia
                  megathrust influences coseismic behavior: {I}nsights
                  from {2-D} dynamic rupture simulations},
  author = {Ramos, Marlon D and Huang, Yihe},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {1973--1983},
  year = 2019
}
@article{rampino88,
  title = {Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million
                  years},
  author = {Rampino, Michael R and Stothers, Richard B},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 241,
  pages = {663--668},
  year = 1988
}
@article{ramsay15,
  author = {J. Ramsay and M. D. Kohler and P. M. Davis and
                  X. Wang and W. Holt and D. S. Weeraratne},
  title = {{North America plate boundary offshore southern
                  California}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 207,
  pages = {244-256}
}
@article{ramsayetal16,
  author = {Ramsay, Joseph and Kohler, Monica D. and Davis, Paul
                  M. and Wang, Xinguo and Holt, William and
                  Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.},
  title = {{Anisotropy from SKS splitting across the
                  Pacific-North America plate boundary offshore
                  southern California}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = {{2016}},
  volume = {{207}},
  pages = {{244--258}}
}
@article{ranalli00,
  author = {Ranalli, G.},
  title = {Westward drift of the lithosphere: not a result of
                  rotational drag},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {535--537}
}
@article{ranalli03,
  author = {Ranalli, G.},
  title = {How soft is the crust?},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {319--320}
}
@article{ranalli84,
  author = {Ranalli, G.},
  title = {On the possibility of {N}ewtonian flow in the upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 108,
  pages = {179--192}
}
@article{ranalli86,
  author = {Ranalli, G. and Murphy, D. C.},
  title = {Rheological stratification of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {291--295}
}
@article{ranalli87,
  title = {Rheological stratification of the lithosphere},
  author = {Ranalli, Giorgio and Murphy, Donald C},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 132,
  pages = {281--295},
  year = 1987
}
@book{ranalli95,
  author = {Ranalli, G.},
  title = {Rheology of the Earth},
  publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
  year = 1995,
  address = {London},
  edition = {2nd}
}
@article{ranalli97,
  title = {Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time},
  author = {Ranalli, Giorgio},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spe. Pub.},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {19--37},
  year = 1997
}
@article{ranero03,
  author = {Ranero, C. and Phipps-Morgan, J. and McIntosh,
                  K. and Reichert, C.},
  title = {{Bending-related faulting and mantle
                  serpentinization at the Middle America trench}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 425,
  pages = {367--373}
}
@article{ranero04,
  title = {{Geophysical evidence for hydration of the crust and
                  mantle of the Nazca plate during bending at the
                  north Chile trench}},
  author = {Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Sallar{\`e}s, Valent{\'\i}},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {549--552},
  year = 2004
}
@article{ranjith98,
  author = {Ranjith, K. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Stability of Quasi-Static slip in a single degree of
                  freedom elastic system with rate and state dependent
                  friction},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {1207--1218}
}
@techreport{rapp91,
  author = {Rapp, R. H. and Wang, Y. M. and Pavlis, N.},
  title = {The {O}hio {S}tate 1991 geopotential and sea surface
                  topography harmonic coefficient models},
  institution = {Dept. of Geod. Sci. and Surv., Ohio State
                  University},
  year = 1991,
  type = {Rep.},
  number = 410,
  address = {Columbus, Ohio}
}
@article{rapp96,
  author = {Rapp, R. H. and Zhang, C. and Yi, Y.},
  title = {Analysis of Dynamic Ocean Topography using TOPEX
                  Data and Orthonormal Functions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {22583--22598}
}
@article{rapp97,
  author = {Rapp, R. H.},
  title = {Use of potential coefficient models for geoid
                  undulation determinations using a spherical harmonic
                  representation of the height anomaly/geoid
                  undulation difference},
  journal = {J. Geodesy},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {282-289}
}
@article{rasolofosaonetal00,
  author = {Rasolofosaon, PNJ and Rabbel, W and Siegesmund, S
                  and Vollbrecht, A},
  title = {{Characterization of crack distribution: fabric
                  analysis versus ultrasonic inversion}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = {{2000}},
  volume = {{141}},
  pages = {{413--424}}
}
@article{ratcliff96,
  title = {Steady tetrahedral and cubic patterns of spherical
                  shell convection with temperature-dependent
                  viscosity},
  author = {Ratcliff, James Todd and Schubert, Gerald and Zebib,
                  Abdelfattah},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25473--25484},
  year = 1996
}
@article{ratcliff98,
  author = {J. T. Ratcliff and D. Bercovici and G. Schubert and
                  L. W. Kroenke},
  title = {Mantle plume heads and the initiation of plate
                  tectonic reorganizations},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {195--207}
}
@article{rathgeber16,
  title = {Firedrake: automating the finite element method by
                  composing abstractions},
  author = {Rathgeber, Florian and Ham, David A and Mitchell,
                  Lawrence and Lange, Michael and Luporini, Fabio and
                  McRae, Andrew TT and Bercea, Gheorghe-Teodor and
                  Markall, Graham R and Kelly, Paul HJ},
  journal = {ACM Trans. Math. Software (TOMS)},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {1--27},
  year = 2016
}
@article{ratnaswamy15,
  author = {Ratnaswamy, V. and Stadler, G. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Adjoint-based estimation of plate coupling in a
                  non-linear mantle flow model: theory and examples},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 202,
  pages = {768--786}
}
@article{ravalec,
  author = {Le Ravalec, M. and Gu\'eguen, Y.},
  title = {Comment on ``The elastic modulus of media containing
                  strongly interacting antiplane cracks'' by Paul M.\
                  Davis and Leon Knoppoff},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {25373--25375},
  month = {November}
}
@article{ravenna18,
  title = {{Shear-wave velocity structure of Southern Africa's
                  lithosphere: Variations in the thickness and
                  composition of cratons and their effect on
                  topography}},
  author = {Ravenna, M. and Lebedev, S. and Fullea, J. and Adam,
                  J. M.-C.},
  year = 2018,
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1499--1518},
  doi = {10.1029/2017GC007399}
}
@phdthesis{ravenna18_thesis,
  author = {Ravenna, M.},
  title = {Bayesian inversion of surface-wave data for radial
                  and azimuthal shear-wave anisotropy and the
                  structure and evolution of southern {A}frica's
                  lithosphere},
  school = {University College Dublin},
  year = 2018,
  address = {Dublin}
}
@article{ravenna18b,
  title = {{Bayesian inversion of surface-wave data for radial
                  and azimuthal shear-wave anisotropy, with
                  applications to central Mongolia and west-central
                  Italy}},
  author = {Ravenna, Matteo and Lebedev, Sergei},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 213,
  number = 1,
  pages = {278--300},
  year = 2018
}
@article{ray94,
  author = {Ray, T. R. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Spherical disharmonics in the {E}arth sciences and
                  the spatial solution: Ridges, hotspots, slabs,
                  geochemistry and tomography correlations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {9605--9614}
}
@article{read95,
  author = {Read, M. D. and Ayling, M. R. and Meredith,
                  P. G. and Murrell, S. A. F.},
  title = {{Microcracking during triaxial deformation of porous
                  rocks monitored by changes in rock physical
                  properties: II Pore volumometry and acoustic
                  emission measurements on water saturated rocks}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 245,
  pages = {223--235}
}
@article{reasenberg85,
  author = {Reasenberg, P. and D. Oppenheimer},
  title = {{FPFIT, FPPLOT, and FPPAGE}: {FORTRAN} computer
                  programs for calculating and displaying earthquake
                  fault-plane solutions},
  journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report},
  year = 1985,
  volume = {85-739},
  pages = 109
}
@article{reasenberg85b,
  title = {{Second-order moment of central California
                  seismicity, 1969--1982}},
  author = {Reasenberg, Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 90,
  pages = {5479--5495},
  year = 1985
}
@article{reasenberg89,
  author = {Reasenberg, P. A. and Jones, L. M.},
  title = {Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {1173--1176}
}
@article{reasenberg92,
  author = {Reasenberg, P. A. and Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {Response of Regional Seismicity to the Static Stress
                  Change Produced by the {L}oma {P}rieta Earthquake},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {1687--1690},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{reber15,
  title = {Experimental demonstration of a semi-brittle origin
                  for crustal strain transients},
  author = {Reber, Jacqueline E and Lavier, Luc L and Hayman,
                  Nicholas W},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {712--715},
  year = 2015
}
@article{rechenmacher04,
  author = {Rechenmacher, A. L. and Finno, R. J.},
  title = {Digital Image Correlation to Evaluate Shear Banding
                  in Dilative Sands},
  journal = {ASTM Geotech. Test. J.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {13-33}
}
@article{rechenmacher06,
  author = {Rechenmacher, A. L.},
  title = {Grain-Scale Processes Governing Shear Band
                  Initiation and Evolution in Sands},
  journal = {J. Mech. Phys. Sol.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {22--45}
}
@article{reches94,
  author = {Reches, Z. and Lockner, D. A.},
  title = {Nucleation and growth of faults in brittle rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {18159--18173}
}
@article{regan84,
  author = {Regan, J. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Anisotropic models of the upper mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {227--263}
}
@article{regard08,
  author = {Regard, V. and Faccenna, C. and Bellier, O. and
                  Martinod, J.},
  title = {Laboratory experiments of slab break-off and slab
                  dip reversal: insight into the {Alpine Oligocene}
                  reorganization},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {267--273}
}
@article{regenauer01,
  author = {Re\-ge\-nau\-er-Lieb, K. and Yuen, D. A. and
                  Branlund, J.},
  title = {The initiation of subduction; criticality by
                  addition of water?},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 294,
  pages = {578--580}
}
@article{regenauer2003,
  author = {Regenauer-Lieb and Yuen, D.},
  title = {Modeling shear zones in geological and planetary
                  sciences: solid- and fluid-thermal-mechanical
                  approaches},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 63,
  pages = {295--349},
  year = 2003
}
@incollection{reid10,
  author = {Reid, H. F.},
  title = {The Mechanics of the Earthquake},
  booktitle = {The {C}alifornia Earthquake of {A}pril 18, 1906},
  publisher = {Carnegie Institute, Washington},
  year = 1910,
  volume = 2
}
@article{reid11,
  author = {Reid, H. F.},
  title = {The elastic-rebound theory of earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Dep. Geol. Sci},
  year = 1911,
  volume = 6,
  publisher = {University of California Publications},
  pages = {413--444}
}
@article{reid12,
  author = {Reid, M. R. and Bouchet, R. A. and Blichert-Toft,
                  J. and Levander, A. and Liu, K. and Miller,
                  M. S. and Ramos, F. C.},
  title = {{Melting under the Colorado Plateau, USA}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {387--390}
}
@article{reilinger06,
  title = {{GPS constraints on continental deformation in the
                  Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and
                  implications for the dynamics of plate
                  interactions}},
  author = {Reilinger, Robert and McClusky, Simon and Vernant,
                  Philippe and Lawrence, Shawn and Ergintav, Semih and
                  Cakmak, Rahsan and Ozener, Haluk and Kadirov,
                  Fakhraddin and Guliev, Ibrahim and Stepanyan, Ruben
                  and others},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B5},
  year = 2006
}
@article{reilinger11,
  title = {{Nubia--Arabia--Eurasia plate motions and the
                  dynamics of Mediterranean and Middle East
                  tectonics}},
  author = {Reilinger, Robert and McClusky, Simon},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 186,
  pages = {971--979},
  year = 2011
}
@article{reinarz20,
  author = {Reinarz, A. and Charrier, D.E. and Bader, M. and
                  Bovard, L. and Dumbser, M. and Duru, K. and Fambri,
                  F. and Gabriel, A.-A. and Gallard, J.M. and
                  K{\"{o}}ppel, S. and Krenz, L.},
  title = {ExaHyPE: an engine for parallel dynamically adaptive
                  simulations of wave problems},
  journal = {Comp. Phys. Comm.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 254,
  doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107251},
  note = {Package available online at \url{www.exahype.eu},
                  accessed 01/2021}
}
@book{reinders,
  author = {Reinders, C.},
  title = {Oberfl{\"{a}}chenneigung an geologischen
                  {K}ontrasten. Eine {FEM}-{M}odellierung.},
  publisher = {Diplomarbeit},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Fachbereich {G}eophysik der
                  {W}estf{\"{a}}lischen-{W}ilhelms-{U}niversit{\"{a}}t
                  M{\"{u}}nster},
  month = {Juli}
}
@unpublished{reinecker03,
  author = {Reinecker, J. and Heidbach, O. and M{\"{u}}ller, B.},
  title = {The 2003 release of the {W}orld {S}tress {M}ap},
  year = 2003,
  note = {(Online at \url{www.world-stress-map.org})}
}
@unpublished{reinecker05,
  author = {Reinecker, J. and Heidbach, O. and Tingay, M. and
                  Sperner, B. and M{\"{u}}ller, B.},
  title = {The 2005 release of the {W}orld {S}tress {M}ap},
  year = 2005,
  note = {(Online at \url{www.world-stress-map.org}). {\em
                  Cf.}\ \cite{zoback92}.}
}
@article{reiners06,
  title = {Using thermochronology to understand orogenic
                  erosion},
  author = {Reiners, Peter W and Brandon, Mark T},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 34,
  pages = {419--466},
  year = 2006
}
@article{reiss16,
  author = {Reiss, M. C. and R{\"{u}}mpker, G. and Tilmann,
                  F. and Yuan, X. and Giese, J. and Rindraharisaona
                  E. J.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere and
                  asthenosphere beneath southern {Madagascar} from
                  teleseismic shear wave splitting analysis and
                  waveform modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013020},
  pages = {6627--6643}
}
@article{reiss17,
  author = {Reiss, M. C. and R{\"{u}}mpker, G.},
  title = {{SplitRacer: MATLAB Code and GUI for Semiautomated
                  Analysis and Interpretation of Teleseismic
                  Shear‐Wave Splitting}},
  journal = {Seis. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {392--409}
}
@article{ren07,
  author = {Ren, Y. and E. Stutzmann and R. D. van der Hilst and
                  J. Besse},
  title = {Understanding seismic heterogeneities in the lower
                  mantle beneath the {A}mericas from seismic
                  tomography and plate tectonic history},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B01302},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB004154}
}
@article{ren22,
  author = {Ren, Y. and Geersen, J. and Grevemeyer, I.},
  title = {Impact of Spreading Rate and Age-Offset on Oceanic
                  Transform Fault Morphology},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {{e2021GL096170}}
}
@incollection{renard17,
  author = {Renard, F. and Candela, T.},
  title = {Scaling of Fault Roughness and Implications for
                  Earthquake Mechanics},
  booktitle = {Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: {E}volution of Fault
                  Properties During Seismic Rupture},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 2017,
  editor = {Marion Y. Thomas and Thomas M. Mitchell and Harsha
                  S. Bhat},
  volume = 227,
  series = {Geophys. Monog.},
  pages = {197--215}
}
@article{repka97,
  author = {Repka, J. and Anderson, R. and Finkel, R.},
  title = {{Cosmogenic dating of fluvial terraces, Fremont
                  River, Utah}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {59--73}
}
@article{replumaz03,
  title = {{Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone
                  between India and Asia by backward motion of
                  lithospheric blocks}},
  author = {Replumaz, Anne and Tapponnier, P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = {B6},
  year = 2003,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000661}
}
@article{replumaz04,
  title = {{4-D evolution of SE Asia's mantle from geological
                  reconstructions and seismic tomography}},
  author = {Replumaz, Anne and Karason, Hrafnkell and van der
                  Hilst, Rob D and Besse, Jean and Tapponnier, Paul},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 221,
  pages = {103--115},
  year = 2004
}
@article{replumaz10,
  author = {Replumaz, A. and Negredo, A. M. and Guillot, S. and
                  Villase{\~{n}}or, A.},
  title = {{Multiple episodes of continental subduction during
                  India/Asia convergence: Insight from seismic
                  tomography and tectonic reconstruction}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 483,
  pages = {125--134}
}
@article{resovsky05,
  author = {Resovsky, J. and Trampert, J. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {{Error bars for the global seismic Q profile}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 230,
  pages = {413--423}
}
@article{restivo06,
  author = {Restivo, A. and Helffrich, G.},
  title = {{Core-mantle boundary structure investigated using
                  SKS and SKKS polarization anomalies}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {288--302}
}
@article{restrepo09,
  author = {Restrepo-Moreno, S. A. and Foster, D. A. and
                  Stockli, D. and Parra-S{\'{a}}nchez, L. N.},
  title = {Long-term erosion and exhumation of the “{A}ltiplano
                  {A}ntioque{\~{n}}o”, {N}orthern {A}ndes ({C}olombia)
                  from apatite ({U}–{T}h)/{H}e thermochronology},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 278,
  pages = {1--12}
}
@article{reuss29,
  author = {Reuss, A.},
  title = {Berechnung der {F}lie{\ss}grenze von
                  {M}ischkristallen auf {G}rund der
                  {P}lastizit{\"{a}}tsbedingung f{\"{u}}r
                  {E}inkristalle},
  journal = {Z. Angew. Math. Mech.},
  year = 1929,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {49--58}
}
@article{revenaugh91,
  author = {Revenaugh, J. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Mantle layering from {ScS} reverberations: 3. {T}he
                  upper mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {19781--19810}
}
@article{revenaugh91b,
  author = {Revenaugh, J. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Mantle layering from {ScS} reverberations: 2. {T}he
                  transition zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {19763--19780}
}
@article{revenaugh95,
  author = {J. Revenaugh},
  title = {{A scattered-wave image of subduction beneath the
                  Transverse Ranges}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 268,
  pages = {1888--1892}
}
@book{rew97,
  author = {Rew, R. K. and G. P. Davis and S. Emmerson and
                  H. Davies},
  title = {{NetCDF User's Guide for C, An Interface for Data
                  Access}},
  publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
  year = 1997,
  edition = 3
}
@article{rey09,
  title = {The role of partial melting and extensional strain
                  rates in the development of metamorphic core
                  complexes},
  author = {Rey, PF and Teyssier, C and Whitney, DL},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 477,
  pages = {135--144},
  year = 2009
}
@article{rey14,
  title = {Spreading continents kick-started plate tectonics},
  author = {Rey, Patrice F and Coltice, Nicolas and Flament,
                  Nicolas},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 513,
  pages = {405--408},
  year = 2014
}
@article{reynolds83,
  author = {Reynolds, O.},
  title = {An experimental investigation of the circumstances
                  which determine whether the motion of water shall be
                  direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in
                  parallel channels},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London},
  year = 1883,
  volume = 174,
  pages = {935--982}
}
@article{rhoades14,
  title = {{Regional earthquake likelihood models II:
                  Information gains of multiplicative hybrids}},
  author = {Rhoades, David A and Gerstenberger, Matthew C and
                  Christophersen, Annemarie and Zechar, J Douglas and
                  Schorlemmer, Danijel and Werner, MJ and Jordan,
                  Thomas H},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {3072--3083},
  year = 2014
}
@article{ribe01,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Bending and stretching of thin viscous sheets},
  journal = {J. Fluid. Mech.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 433,
  pages = {135--160}
}
@article{ribe02,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {A general theory for the dynamics of thin viscous
                  sheets},
  journal = {J. Fluid. Mech.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 457,
  pages = {255--283}
}
@article{ribe03,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Periodic folding of viscous sheets},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 86,
  number = 036305
}
@article{ribe07,
  author = {Ribe, N. M. and Stutzmann, E. and Ren, Y. and van
                  der Hilst, R.},
  title = {Buckling instabilities of subducted lithosphere
                  beneath the transition zone},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 254,
  pages = {173--179}
}
@article{ribe10,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Bending mechanics and mode selection in free
                  subduction: a thin-sheet analysis},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 180,
  pages = {559--576}
}
@article{ribe18,
  author = {Ribe, N. M. and Hielscher, R. and Castelnau, O.},
  title = {An analytical finite-strain parametrization for
                  texture evolution in deforming olivine polycrystals},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = {486--514}
}
@article{ribe20,
  title = {{The strength of the Iceland plume: A geodynamical
                  scaling approach}},
  author = {Ribe, Neil M and Tackley, Paul J and Sanan, Patrick},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 551,
  pages = 116570,
  year = 2020
}
@article{ribe89,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {4213--4223}
}
@article{ribe91,
  author = {Ribe, N. M. and Yu, Y.},
  title = {A theory for plastic deformation and textural
                  evolution of olivine polycrystals},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {8325--8335}
}
@article{ribe92a,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {The dynamics of thin shells with variable viscosity
                  and the origin of toroidal flow in the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 110,
  pages = {537--552}
}
@article{ribe92b,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {On the relation between seismic anisotropy and
                  finite strain},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {8737--8747}
}
@article{ribe94,
  author = {Ribe, N. M. and Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {Three-dimensional modeling of plume-lithosphere
                  interaction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {669--682}
}
@article{ribe94b,
  author = {Ribe, N. N. and Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {The dynamical origin of {H}awaiian volcanism},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {517--531}
}
@article{ribe95,
  author = {Ribe, N. N. and Christensen, U. R. and Theissing,
                  J.},
  title = {The dynamics of plume-ridge interaction, {1:
                  R}idge-centered plumes},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 134,
  pages = {155--168}
}
@article{ribe96,
  author = {Ribe, N. M.},
  title = {The dynamics of plume-ridge
                  interaction. 2. {O}ff-ridge plumes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 1001,
  pages = {16195--16204}
}
@article{ribe99,
  author = {Ribe, N. M. and Christensen, U. R.},
  title = {The dynamical origin of {H}awaiian volcanism},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {517--531}
}
@article{ricard03,
  title = {Two-phase damage theory and crustal rock failure:
                  the theoretical ``void'' limit, and the prediction
                  of experimental data},
  author = {Ricard, Yanick and Bercovici, David},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 155,
  pages = {1057--1064},
  year = 2003
}
@incollection{ricard05,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Mattern, E. and Matas, J.},
  title = {Synthetic Tomographic Images of Slabs from Mineral
                  Physics},
  booktitle = {Changing Views on the Structure, Composition, and
                  Evolution of Earth's Deep Mantle},
  pages = {285--302},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {R. D. van der Hilst and J. D. Bass and J. Matas and
                  J. Trampert},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@incollection{ricard07,
  author = {Ricard, Y.},
  title = {Physics of mantle convection},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.}
}
@article{ricard09,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {A continuum theory of grain size evolution and
                  damage},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B01204},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005491}
}
@article{ricard84,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Fleitout, L. and Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Geoid heights and lithospheric stresses for a
                  dynamic {E}arth},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {267--286}
}
@article{ricard86,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Stretching Instabilities and Lithospheric Boudinage},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {8314--8324},
  year = 1986
}
@article{ricard89,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Vigny, C.},
  title = {Mantle dynamics with induced plate tectonics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {17543--17559}
}
@article{ricard91a,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Doglioni, C. and Sabadini, R.},
  title = {Differential Rotation Between Lithosphere and
                  Mantle: {A} Consequence of Lateral Mantle Viscosity
                  Variations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {8407--8415}
}
@article{ricard91b,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Bai, W.},
  title = {Inferring the viscosity and the 3-{D} density
                  structure of the mantle from geoid, topography and
                  plate velocities},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {561--571}
}
@article{ricard93,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Richards, M. A. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Le Stunff, Y.},
  title = {A geodynamic model of mantle density heterogeneity},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {21895--21909}
}
@article{ricard96,
  author = {Ricard, Y. and Nataf, H.-C. and Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {The 3-{SMAC} model: confrontation with data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8457--8472}
}
@article{rice05,
  author = {Rice, J. R. and Sammis, C. G. and Parsons, R.},
  title = {Off-fault secondary failure induced by a dynamic
                  slip pulse},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {109--134}
}
@incollection{rice65,
  author = {Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Plastic Yielding at a Crack Tip},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on
                  Fracture},
  publisher = {Japanese Society for Strength and Fracture of
                  Materials},
  year = 1966,
  editor = {Yokobori, T. and Kawasaki, T. and Swedlow, J. L.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {283--308},
  address = {Sendai}
}
@article{rice76,
  author = {Rice, J. R. and Cleary, M. P.},
  title = {Some Basic Stress Diffusion Solutions for
                  Fluid-Saturated Elastic Porous Media With
                  Compressible Constituents},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {227--241},
  month = {May},
  annote = {pore pressure, diffusion, aftershocks}
}
@incollection{rice80,
  author = {Rice, J. R.},
  title = {The mechanics of earthquake rupture},
  booktitle = {Physics of the Earth's Interior},
  publisher = {Italian Physical Society and North-Holland},
  editor = {Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M. and Boschi, E.},
  pages = {555--649},
  year = 1980
}
@article{rice83,
  author = {Rice, J. R. and Ruina, A. L.},
  title = {Stability of steady frictional slipping},
  journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {343--349}
}
@article{rice86,
  author = {Rice, J. R. and Tse, S. T.},
  title = {Dynamic Motion of a Single Degree of Freedom System
                  Following a Rate and State Dependent Friction Law},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {521--530}
}
@incollection{rice92,
  title = {{Fault stress states, pore pressure distributions,
                  and the weakness of the San Andreas fault}},
  author = {Rice, James R},
  booktitle = {Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks},
  volume = 51,
  editor = {Evans, B. and Wong, T.-F.},
  pages = {475--503},
  year = 1992,
  publisher = {Academic Press}
}
@article{rice93,
  author = {Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Spatio-temporal Complexity of Slip on a Fault},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {9885--9907}
}
@inbook{rice93b,
  author = {Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Mechanics of Solids},
  chapter = {Mechanics},
  publisher = {Encyclopaedia Britannica},
  year = 1993,
  pages = {733--747},
  volume = 23,
  edition = 15
}
@article{rice96,
  author = {Rice, J. R. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {Slip complexity in earthquake fault models},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {3811--3818}
}
@article{richard10,
  title = {Stagnant slab, wet plumes and Cenozoic volcanism in
                  East Asia},
  author = {Richard, Guillaume C and Iwamori, Hikaru},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 183,
  pages = {280--287},
  year = 2010
}
@article{richards-dinger12,
  author = {Richards-Dinger, K. and Dieterich, J. H. },
  title = {{RSQSim} earthquake simulator},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {983--990}
}
@article{richards01,
  author = {Richards, M. A. and Yang, W.-S. and Baumgardner,
                  J. and Bunge, H.-P},
  title = {Role of a low-viscosity zone in stabilizing plate
                  tectonics: {I}mplications for comparative
                  terrestrial planetology},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 2,
  doi = {10.1029/2000GC000115}
}
@article{richards15,
  title = {{Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the
                  Chicxulub impact}},
  author = {Richards, Mark A and Alvarez, Walter and Self,
                  Stephen and Karlstrom, Leif and Renne, Paul R and
                  Manga, Michael and Sprain, Courtney J and Smit, Jan
                  and Vanderkluysen, Lo{\"y}c and Gibson, Sally A},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 127,
  pages = {1507--1520},
  year = 2015
}
@article{richards18,
  author = {Richards, M. A. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {{The Cathles parameter (Ct): A geodynamic definition
                  of the asthenosphere and implications for the nature
                  of plate tectonics}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 19,
  doi = {10.1029/2018GC007664},
  pages = {4858--4875}
}
@article{richards84,
  author = {Richards, M. A. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Geoid anomalies in a dynamic {E}arth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {5987--6002}
}
@article{richards88,
  author = {Richards, M. A. and Hager, B. H. and Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Dynamically supported geoid highs over hotspots:
                  Observation and theory},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {7690--7708}
}
@incollection{richards88b,
  author = {Richards, M. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {The {Earth's} geoid and the large-scale structure of
                  mantle convection},
  booktitle = {The Physics of the Planets},
  pages = {247--272},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = 1988,
  editor = {Runcorn, S. K.},
  address = {Chichester}
}
@article{richards89,
  author = {Richards, M. A. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Effects of lateral viscosity variations on
                  long-wavelength geoid anomalies and topography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {10299--10313}
}
@article{richards89b,
  title = {Flood basalts and hot-spot tracks: plume heads and
                  tails},
  author = {Richards, Mark A and Duncan, Robert A and
                  Courtillot, Vincent E},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 246,
  pages = {103--107},
  year = 1989
}
@incollection{richards91,
  author = {Richards, M. A.},
  title = {Hotspots and the case for a high-viscosity lower
                  mantle},
  booktitle = {Glacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 1991,
  editor = {Sabadini, R. and Lambeck, K.},
  pages = {571--588},
  address = {Norwell MA}
}
@article{richardson79,
  author = {Richardson, R. M. and Solomon, S. C. and Sleep,
                  N. H.},
  title = {Tectonic stresses in plates},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {981--1019}
}
@article{richardson84,
  author = {Richardson, R. M. and Cox, B. L.},
  title = {Evolution of oceanic lithospere: {A} driving force
                  study of the {N}azca plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {10043--10052}
}
@article{richardson91,
  author = {Richardson, R. M. and Reding, L. M.},
  title = {North {A}merican plate dynamics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {12201--12223}
}
@article{richardson92,
  author = {Richardson, R. M.},
  title = {Ridge forces, absolute plate motions, and the
                  intraplate stress field},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11739--11748}
}
@article{richart15,
  title = {{Implementation of a parallel finite-element
                  library: Test case on a non-local continuum damage
                  model}},
  author = {Richart, Nicolas and Molinari, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois},
  journal = {Finite Elem. Anal. Design},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {41--46},
  year = 2015
}
@article{richter35,
  title = {An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale},
  author = {Richter, Charles F},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1--32},
  year = 1935
}
@article{richter73,
  author = {Richter, F. M.},
  title = {Dynamical models for sea floor spreading},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {223--287}
}
@article{richter73b,
  author = {Richter, F. M.},
  title = {Convection and the large-scale circulation of the
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {8735--8745}
}
@article{richter75,
  author = {Richter, F. M. and Parsons, B.},
  title = {On the interaction of two scale convection in the
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1975,
  volume = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  pages = {2529--2541}
}
@article{richter78,
  author = {Richter, F. M. and McKenzie, D.},
  title = {Simple plate models of mantle convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {441--471}
}
@article{richter78b,
  author = {Richter, F. M. and Daly, S. F.},
  title = {Convection models having a multiplicity of large
                  horizontal scales},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {4951--4956}
}
@article{ridgwell05,
  title = {{A Mid Mesozoic Revolution in the regulation of
                  ocean chemistry}},
  author = {Ridgwell, Andy},
  journal = {Marine Geol.},
  volume = 217,
  pages = {339--357},
  year = 2005
}
@article{riedel29,
  title = {{Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen ein
                  Beitrag zum Problem der Fiederspatten}},
  author = {Riedel, W.},
  journal = {Zentbl. Miner. Geol. Palont. B},
  pages = {354--368},
  year = 1929
}
@article{riedel97,
  author = {Riedel, M. R. and Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Grain-size evolution in subducted oceanic
                  lithosphere associated with the olivine-spinel
                  transformation and its effects on rheology},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 148,
  pages = {27--43}
}
@article{riedesel89,
  author = {Riedesel, M. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Display and assessment of seismic moment tensors},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 79,
  number = 1,
  pages = {85-100},
  month = {February}
}
@article{rijsingen18,
  title = {How subduction interface roughness influences the
                  occurrence of large interplate earthquakes},
  author = {van Rijsingen, Elenora and Lallemand, Serge and
                  Peyret, Michel and Arcay, Diane and Heuret, Arnauld
                  and Funiciello, Francesca and Corbi, Fabio},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2342--2370},
  year = 2018
}
@inproceedings{rikitake58,
  title = {Oscillations of a system of disk dynamos},
  author = {Rikitake, Tsuneji},
  booktitle = {Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {89--105},
  year = 1958
}
@article{ringwood94,
  author = {Ringwood, A. E.},
  title = {Role of the transition zone and 660 km discontinuity
                  in mantle dynamics},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {5--24}
}
@article{risse08,
  author = {Risse, A. and R. B. Trumbull and B. L. Coira and
                  S. M. Kay and P. van den Bogaard},
  title = {{$^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar geochronology of basaltic
                  volcanism in the back-arc region of the southern
                  Puna plateau, Argentina}},
  journal = {J. South Am. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {1--15}
}
@article{ritsema00,
  author = {Ritsema, J. and van Heijst, H. J.},
  title = {Seismic imaging of structural heterogeneity in
                  {E}arth's mantle: Evidence for large-scale mantle
                  flow},
  journal = {Sci. Progr.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {243--259}
}
@article{ritsema04,
  author = {Ritsema, J. and van Heijst, H. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Global transition zone tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B02302},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002610}
}
@article{ritsema07,
  title = {Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models:
                  {I}mplications for model interpretation and
                  large-scale mantle structure},
  author = {Ritsema, Jeroen and McNamara, Allen K and Bull,
                  Abigail L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 112,
  number = {B01303},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004566},
  year = 2007
}
@article{ritsema11,
  author = {J. Ritsema and H. J. van Heijst and A. Deuss and
                  J. H. Woodhouse},
  title = {{S40RTS}: a degree-40 shear velocity model for the
                  mantle from new {R}ayleigh wave dispersion,
                  teleseismic traveltimes, and normal-mode splitting
                  function measurements},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {1223--1236}
}
@article{ritsema20,
  title = {{Heterogeneity of seismic wave velocity in Earth's
                  mantle}},
  author = {Ritsema, Jeroen and Leki{\'c}, Vedran},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {377--401},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ritsema99,
  author = {Ritsema, J. and van Heijst, H. J. and Woodhouse,
                  J. H.},
  title = {Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath
                  {A}frica and {I}celand},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 286,
  pages = {1925--1928}
}
@article{ritzwoller02,
  author = {Ritzwoller, M. H. and Shapiro, N. M. and Barmin,
                  M. P. and Levshin, A. L.},
  title = {Global surface wave diffraction tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  pages = 2335
}
@article{ritzwoller04,
  author = {Ritzwoller, M. H. and Shapiro, N. M. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {Cooling history of the {P}acific lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 226,
  pages = {69--84}
}
@article{ritzwoller95,
  author = {Ritzwoller, M. H. and Lavely, E. M.},
  title = {Three dimensional models of the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {1--66}
}
@article{rivera02,
  author = {Rivera, L. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Spatial heterogeneity of tectonic stress and
                  friction in the crust},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL013803}
}
@article{rivera90,
  author = {Rivera, L. and Cisternas, A.},
  title = {Stress tensor and fault plane solution for a
                  population of earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {600-614}
}
@article{riviere18,
  title = {Evolution of b-value during the seismic cycle:
                  {I}nsights from laboratory experiments on simulated
                  faults},
  author = {Rivi{\`e}re, J. and Lv, Z. and Johnson, P.A. and
                  Marone, C.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 482,
  pages = {407--413},
  year = 2018
}
@article{roberts13,
  title = {On the genesis of the Earth's magnetism},
  author = {Roberts, Paul H and King, Eric M},
  journal = {Rep. Prog. Physics},
  volume = 76,
  pages = {1--55},
  year = 2013
}
@article{robertson96,
  author = {Robertson, G. S. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Ratio of relative {S} to {P} velocity heterogeneity
                  in the lower mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {20041--20052}
}
@article{robinson,
  author = {Robinson, R. and Benites, R.},
  title = {Synthetic Seismicity Models of Multiple Interacting
                  Faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18229--18238},
  month = {September}
}
@article{robinson96,
  author = {Robinson, R. and Benites, R.},
  title = {Synthetic seismicity models for the {W}ellington
                  region, {N}ew {Z}ealand: implications for the
                  temporal distribution of large events},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {27833--27844}
}
@article{robock00,
  author = {Robock, A.},
  title = {Volcanic eruptions and climate},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {191--219}
}
@article{roch24,
  title = {A finite geometry, inertia assisted
                  coarsening-to-complexity transition in homogeneous
                  frictional systems},
  author = {T. Roch and E. A. Brener and J.-F. Molinari and
                  E. Bouchbinder},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv: 2402.07178},
  year = 2024
}
@article{rockwell00,
  author = {Rockwell, T. K. and Lindvall, S. and Herzberg,
                  M. and Murbach, D. and Dawson, T. and Berger, G.},
  title = {Paleoseismology of the {J}ohnson {V}alley,
                  {K}ickapoo, and {H}omestead {V}alley faults:
                  clustering of earthquakes in the {E}astern
                  {C}alifornia {S}hear {Z}one},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {1200--1236}
}
@article{rockwell16,
  title = {Open Intervals, Clusters and Supercycles: 1100 years
                  of Moment Release in the Southern {San Andreas}
                  Fault System: {A}re we Ready for the Century of
                  Earthquakes?},
  author = {T. K. Rockwell},
  journal = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual Meeting
                  Proceedings Volume},
  year = 2016,
  pages = 121,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/files.scec.org/s3fs-public/SCEC2016Proceedings.pdf},
                  accessed 11/2016}
}
@article{rockwell88,
  author = {Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {{Neotectonics of the San Cayetano Fault, Transverse
                  Ranges, California}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {500--513}
}
@article{rockwell90,
  author = {Rockwell, T. K. and Loughman, C. and Merifield, P.},
  title = {Late {Q}uaternary rate of slip along the {S}an
                  {J}acinto fault zone near {A}nza, southern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {8593--8605}
}
@article{rodkin96,
  author = {Rodkin, M. V. and Rodnikov, A. G.},
  title = {Origin and structure of back-arc basins: new data
                  and model discussion},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {123--131}
}
@article{rodriguez21,
  title = {Long-term evolution of a plume-induced subduction in
                  the Neotethys realm},
  author = {Rodriguez, Mathieu and Arnould, Ma{\"e}lis and
                  Coltice, Nicolas and Soret, Mathieu},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 561,
  pages = 116798,
  year = 2021
}
@incollection{roe06,
  author = {Roe, G. H. and Stolar, Drew B. and Willett, Sean D.},
  title = {Response of a steady-state critical wedge orogen to
                  changes in climate and tectonic forcing},
  booktitle = {{Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution}},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Willett, S.D. and Hovius, N. and Brandon, M.T. and
                  Fisher, D.M.},
  pages = {227--239}
}
@article{roecker06,
  author = {Roecker, S. and Thurber, C. and Roberts, K. and
                  Powell, L.},
  title = {{Refining the image of the San Andreas Fault near
                  Parkfield, California using a finite difference
                  travel time computation technique}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 426,
  pages = {189--205}
}
@incollection{roeder95,
  author = {Roeder, D. and Chamberlain, R. L.},
  title = {{Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Jurassic to Neogene
                  crustal evolution}},
  booktitle = {Petroleum basins of {S}outh {A}merica},
  pages = {633--645},
  publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
  year = 1995,
  editor = {Tankard, R. and Suarez, R. and Welsink, H. J.},
  volume = 62,
  series = {Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.}
}
@article{roeder98,
  author = {R{\"{o}}der, J. and Hammerberg, J. E. and Holian,
                  B. L. and Bishop, A. R.},
  title = {Multichain {F}renkel-{K}ontorova model for
                  interfacial slip},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 57,
  pages = {2759--2766}
}
@article{roehlofs96,
  author = {Roelofs, E.},
  title = {Poroelastic techniques in the study of
                  earthquake-related hydrologic phenomena},
  journal = {Advances in Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {135--195},
  annote = {diffusion, pore pressure}
}
@article{roesler22,
  author = {R{\"{o}}sler, B. and Stein, S.},
  title = {Consistency of Non-Double-Couple Components of
                  Seismic Moment Tensors with Earthquake Magnitude and
                  Mechanism},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {1510--1523}
}
@article{rogers03,
  author = {Rogers, G. and Dragert, H.},
  title = {Episodic tremor and slip on the {C}ascadia
                  subduction zone: {T}he chatter of silent slip},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 300,
  pages = {1942--1943}
}
@article{rolf11,
  author = {Rolf, T. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {{Focussing of stress by continents in 3D spherical
                  mantle convection with self-consistent plate
                  tectonics}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L18301},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL048677}
}
@article{rolf12,
  author = {Rolf, T. and Coltice, N. and Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {{Linking continental drift, plate tectonics and the
                  thermal state of the Earth's mantle}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 351,
  pages = {134--146}
}
@article{rolf18,
  title = {Constraints on mantle viscosity structure from
                  continental drift histories in spherical mantle
                  convection models},
  author = {Rolf, Tobias and Capitanio, Fabio Antonio and
                  Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {339--351},
  year = 2018
}
@article{romanet18,
  title = {Fast and slow slip events emerge due to fault
                  geometrical complexity},
  author = {Romanet, Pierre and Bhat, Harsha S and Jolivet,
                  Romain and Madariaga, Ra{\'u}l},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {4809--4819},
  year = 2018
}
@article{romanet19,
  title = {{Ambient tectonic tremors in Manawatu, Cape
                  Turnagain, Marlborough, and Puysegur, New Zealand}},
  author = {Romanet, Pierre and Ide, Satoshi},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 71,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2019
}
@article{romanowicz03,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Global mantle tomography: Progress status in the
                  last 10 years},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {303--328}
}
@article{romanowicz09,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {The thickness of tectonic plates},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 324,
  pages = {474--476}
}
@article{romanowicz12,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A. and Yuan, H.},
  title = {On the interpretation of {SKS} splitting
                  measurements in the presence of several layers of
                  anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 188,
  pages = {1129--1140}
}
@incollection{romanowicz15,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A. and Mitchell, B.},
  title = {{Deep earth structure: Q of the Earth from crust to
                  core}},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 1,
  chapter = {1.25},
  pages = {789--827},
  edition = 2
}
@article{romanowicz17,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A. and Wenk, H.-R.},
  title = {Anisotropy in the deep {E}arth},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 269,
  pages = {58--90}
}
@article{romanowicz88,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A. and Snieder, R.},
  title = {A new formalism for the effect of lateral
                  heterogeneity on normal modes and surface
                  waves. {II}. {G}eneral anisotropic perturbation},
  journal = {Geophys. J.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {91--99}
}
@article{romanowicz91,
  author = {Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Seismic tomography of the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {77--99}
}
@article{rondenay01,
  author = {Rondenay, S. and Bostock, M. G. and Shragge, J.},
  title = {Multiparameter two-dimensional inversion of
                  scattered teleseismic body waves {3. A}pplication to
                  the {Cascadia} 1993 data set},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {30795--30807}
}
@article{rondenay08,
  title = {Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism},
  author = {Rondenay, St{\'e}phane and Abers, Geoffrey A and Van
                  Keken, Peter E},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 36,
  pages = {275--278},
  year = 2008
}
@article{roosmawati09,
  author = {Roosmawati, N. and Harris, R.},
  title = {{Surface uplift history of the incipient Banda
                  arc-continent collision: geology and synorogenic
                  foraminifera of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 479,
  pages = {95--110}
}
@article{rose17,
  title = {Stability and accuracy of free surface time
                  integration in viscous flows},
  author = {Rose, Ian and Buffett, Bruce A. and Heister, Timo},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 262,
  pages = {90--100},
  year = 2017
}
@article{rosenau09,
  title = {Fore-arc deformation controls frequency-size
                  distribution of megathrust earthquakes in subduction
                  zones},
  author = {Rosenau, Matthias and Oncken, Onno},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 114,
  number = {B10311},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006359},
  year = 2009
}
@article{rosenau17,
  author = {Rosenau, M. and Corbi, F. and Dominguez, S.},
  title = {Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles:
                  experimental modelling across timescales},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {597--635}
}
@article{rosenbaum05,
  author = {Rosenbaum, G. and Regenauer-Lieb, K. and Weinberg,
                  R.},
  title = {Continental extension: from core complexes to rigid
                  block faulting},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {609--612}
}
@article{rosenblum96,
  author = {Rosenblum, M. G. and Pikovsky, A. S. and Kurths, J.},
  title = {Phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {1804--1807}
}
@article{ross17,
  title = {{Abundant off-fault seismicity and orthogonal
                  structures in the San Jacinto fault zone}},
  author = {Ross, Zachary E and Hauksson, Egill and Ben-Zion,
                  Yehuda},
  journal = {Sci. adv.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {e1601946},
  year = 2017
}
@article{ross18,
  title = {P Wave Arrival Picking and First-Motion Polarity
                  Determination With Deep Learning},
  author = {Ross, Zachary E. and Meier, Men-Andrin and Hauksson,
                  Egill},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {5120--5129},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@article{ross20,
  title = {{3D} fault architecture controls the dynamism of
                  earthquake swarms},
  author = {Ross, Zachary E and Cochran, Elizabeth S and
                  Trugman, Daniel T and Smith, Jonathan D},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 368,
  pages = {1357--1361},
  year = 2020
}
@article{ross22,
  title = {{Geometrical properties of seismicity in
                  California}},
  author = {Ross, Zachary E and Ben-Zion, Yehuda and Zaliapin,
                  Ilya},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 231,
  pages = {493--504},
  year = 2022
}
@article{ross89,
  title = {Evolution of the lunar orbit with temperature- and
                  frequency-dependent dissipation},
  author = {Ross, MN and Schubert, G},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {9533--9544},
  year = 1989
}
@book{rossant18,
  author = {Cyrille Rossant},
  title = {{IPython Cookbook}},
  publisher = {Packt},
  year = 2018,
  note = {Online at \url{https://ipython-books.github.io/},
                  accessed 02/2022}
}
@article{rossetti00,
  author = {Rossetti, F. and Faccenna, C. and Ranalli, G. and
                  Storti, F.},
  title = {Convergence rate-dependent growth of experimental
                  viscous orogenic wedges},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 178,
  pages = {367--372}
}
@article{rossetti01,
  author = {Rossetti, R. and Faccenna, C. and Goff{\'{e}},
                  B. and Moni{\'{e}}, P. and Argentieri, A. and
                  Funiciello, R. and Mattei, M.},
  title = {Alpine structural and metamorphic evolution of the
                  {S}ila {P}iccola {M}assif: Insights for the tectonic
                  evolution of the {C}alabrian {A}rc},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {112--133}
}
@article{rossetti06,
  title = {{Deformation and fluid flow during orogeny at the
                  palaeo-Pacific active margin of Gondwana: The Early
                  Palaeozoic Robertson Bay accretionary complex (North
                  Victoria Land, Antarctica)}},
  author = {Rossetti, F and Tecce, F and Aldega, L and Brilli, M
                  and Faccenna, C},
  journal = {J. Metamorph. Geol.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {33--53},
  year = 2006
}
@article{roten14,
  title = {Expected seismic shaking in {L}os {A}ngeles reduced
                  by {S}an {A}ndreas fault zone plasticity},
  author = {Roten, D and Olsen, KB and Day, SM and Cui, Y and
                  F{\"a}h, D},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {2769--2777},
  year = 2014
}
@inproceedings{roten16,
  title = {High-frequency nonlinear earthquake simulations on
                  petascale heterogeneous supercomputers},
  author = {Roten, Daniel and Cui, Yifeng and Olsen, Kim B and
                  Day, Steven M and Withers, Kyle and Savran, William
                  H and Wang, Peng and Mu, Dawei},
  booktitle = {SC'16: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  pages = {957--968},
  year = 2016,
  organization = {IEEE}
}
@article{roten20,
  title = {{Numerical simulation of M9 megathrust earthquakes
                  in the Cascadia subduction zone}},
  author = {Roten, D and Olsen, KB and Takedatsu, R},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 177,
  pages = {2125--2141},
  year = 2020
}
@article{roth08,
  author = {Roth, J. B. and Fouch, M. J. and James, D. E. and
                  Carlson, R. W.},
  title = {Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the
                  northwestern {United States}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L15304},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL034669}
}
@article{roth88,
  author = {Roth, F.},
  title = {Modeling of stress patterns along the western part
                  of the {N}orth {A}natolian fault zone},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 152,
  pages = {215--226},
  annote = {static stress change, north anatolian}
}
@article{roth90,
  author = {Roth, F.},
  title = {Subsurface Deformations in a Layered Elastic
                  Half-Space},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {147--155}
}
@book{roth92,
  author = {Roth, F.},
  title = {Modellierung von Vorg{\"{a}}ngen an Verwerfungen mit
                  Hilfe der Dislokationstheorie},
  publisher = {Ruhr-Universi{\"{a}}t},
  year = 1992,
  series = {Habilitationsschrift. Berichte des Instituts
                  f{\"{u}}r Geophysik der Ruhr-Universit{\"{a}}t
                  Bochum},
  address = {Bochum}
}
@article{roth93,
  author = {Roth, M. and Korn, M.},
  title = {Single scattering theory versus numerical modeling
                  in {2-D} random media},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 112,
  pages = {124--140}
}
@article{rothman17,
  title = {{Thresholds of catastrophe in the Earth system}},
  author = {Rothman, Daniel H},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {e1700906},
  year = 2017
}
@article{rouet17,
  title = {Machine learning predicts laboratory earthquakes},
  author = {Rouet-Leduc, Bertrand and Hulbert, Claudia and
                  Lubbers, Nicholas and Barros, Kipton and Humphreys,
                  Colin J and Johnson, Paul A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {9276--9282},
  year = 2017
}
@article{rousset19,
  title = {{Slow slip events in the roots of the San Andreas
                  fault}},
  author = {Rousset, Baptiste and B{\"u}rgmann, Roland and
                  Campillo, Michel},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {eaav3274},
  year = 2019
}
@article{roux11,
  title = {{Joint inversion of long-period magnetotelluric data
                  and surface-wave dispersion curves for anisotropic
                  structure: Application to data from Central
                  Germany}},
  author = {Roux, E. and Moorkamp, M. and Jones, A.-G. and
                  Bischoff, M. and Endrun, B. and Lebedev, S. and
                  Meier, T.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L05304},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL046358},
  year = 2011
}
@article{rowan14,
  author = {C. J. Rowan and D. B. Rowley},
  title = {{Spreading behaviour of the Pacific-Farallon ridge
                  system since 83 Ma}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 197,
  pages = {1273--1283}
}
@article{rowe05,
  author = {C. D. Rowe and J. C.  and F. Meneghini and
                  A. W. McKeirnan},
  title = {Large-scale pseudotachylytes and fluidized
                  cataclasites from an ancient subduction thrust
                  fault},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {937--940}
}
@article{rowley02,
  author = {Rowley, D. B.},
  title = {Rate of plate creation and destruction: 180 {Ma} to
                  present},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 114,
  pages = {927--933}
}
@article{rowley08,
  title = {Extrapolating oceanic age distributions: {L}essons
                  from the {P}acific region},
  author = {Rowley, David B},
  journal = {J. Geology},
  volume = 116,
  pages = {587--598},
  year = 2008
}
@article{rowley13,
  author = {Rowley, D. B. and Forte, A. M. and Moucha, R. and
                  Mitrovica, J. X. and Simmons, N. A. and Grand,
                  S. P.},
  title = {Dynamic topography change of the eastern {United
                  States} since 3 million years ago},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 340,
  pages = {1560--1563}
}
@article{rowley16,
  title = {{Kinematics and dynamics of the East Pacific Rise
                  linked to a stable, deep-mantle upwelling}},
  author = {Rowley, David B and Forte, Alessandro M and Rowan,
                  Christopher J and Gli{\v{s}}ovi{\'c}, Petar and
                  Moucha, Robert and Grand, Stephen P and Simmons,
                  Nathan A},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {e1601107},
  year = 2016
}
@article{rowley19,
  title = {Oceanic axial depth and age-depth distribution of
                  oceanic lithosphere: {C}omparison of magnetic
                  anomaly picks versus age-grid models},
  author = {Rowley, David B},
  journal = {Lithosphere},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {21--43},
  year = 2019
}
@article{roy00a,
  author = {Roy, M. and L. H. Royden},
  title = {Crustal rheology and faulting at strike-slip plate
                  boundaries (1): An analytic model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {5583--5597}
}
@article{roy00b,
  author = {Roy, M. and L. H. Royden},
  title = {Crustal rheology and faulting at strike-slip plate
                  boundaries (2): Effects of lower crustal flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {5599--5613}
}
@article{roy09,
  author = {Roy, M. and Jordan, T. H. and Pederson, J.},
  title = {{Colorado Plateau magmatism and uplift by warming of
                  heterogeneous lithosphere}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 459,
  pages = {978--984}
}
@article{roy18,
  author = {Roy, K. and Peltier, W. R.},
  title = {{Relative sea level in the Western Mediterranean
                  basin: A regional test of the ICE-7G\_NA (VM7) model
                  and a constraint on Late Holocene Antarctic
                  deglaciation}},
  journal = {Quaternary Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {76--87}
}
@article{royden06,
  author = {Royden, L. H. and Husson, L.},
  title = {Trench motion, slab geometry and viscous stresses in
                  subduction systems},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 167,
  pages = {881--905},
  year = 2006
}
@article{royden08,
  author = {Royden, L. H.},
  title = {The geological evolution of the {Tibetan Plateau}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 321,
  pages = {1054--1058}
}
@article{royden11,
  author = {Royden, L. H. and D. J. Papanikolaou},
  title = {{Slab segmentation and late Cenozoic disruption of
                  the Hellenic arc}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q03010},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003280}
}
@article{royden13,
  title = {Solutions of the stream power equation and
                  application to the evolution of river longitudinal
                  profiles},
  author = {Royden, Leigh H. and Taylor Perron, J},
  journal = {J.  Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf.},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {497--518},
  year = 2013
}
@article{royden18,
  title = {Subduction orogeny and the Late Cenozoic evolution
                  of the mediterranean arcs},
  author = {Royden, Leigh H. and Faccenna, Claudio},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {261--289},
  year = 2018
}
@article{royden20,
  title = {{Subduction dynamics and mantle pressure: 1. An
                  analytical framework relating subduction geometry,
                  plate Motion, and asthenospheric pressure}},
  author = {Royden, Leigh H and Holt, Adam F},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {{e2020GC009032}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{royden80,
  title = {{Rifting process and thermal evolution of the
                  continental margin of eastern Canada determined from
                  subsidence curves}},
  author = {Royden, L. H. and Keen, C. E.},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 51,
  pages = {343--361},
  year = 1980
}
@article{royden87,
  title = {Segmentation and configuration of subducted
                  lithosphere in {I}taly: an important control on
                  thrust-belt and foredeep-basin evolution},
  author = {Royden, Leigh H. and Patacca, Etta and Scandone,
                  Paolo},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {714--717},
  year = 1987
}
@article{royden93,
  author = {Royden, L. H.},
  title = {Evolution of retreating subduction boundaries formed
                  during continental collision},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {629--638}
}
@article{royden93b,
  title = {The tectonic expression slab pull at continental
                  convergent boundaries},
  author = {Royden, Leigh H},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {303--325},
  year = 1993
}
@article{royden97,
  author = {Royden, L. H. and Burchfiel, B. C. and King,
                  B. C. and Wang, E. and Chen, Z. and Shen, F. and
                  Liu, Y.},
  title = {Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in
                  eastern {T}ibet},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 276,
  pages = {788--790}
}
@article{rozel11,
  author = {Rozel, A. and Ricard, Y. and Bercovici, D.},
  title = {A thermodynamically self-consistent damage equation
                  for grain size evolution during dynamic
                  recrystallization},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {719--728}
}
@article{rubin05,
  title = {Earthquake nucleation on (aging) rate and state
                  faults},
  author = {Rubin, Allen M and Ampuero, J-P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 110,
  number = {B11312},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003686},
  year = 2005
}
@article{rubin08,
  title = {Episodic slow slip events and rate-and-state
                  friction},
  author = {Rubin, Allan M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11},
  year = 2008
}
@article{rubin11,
  author = {Rubin, A. M.},
  title = {Designer friction laws for bimodal slow slip
                  propagation speeds},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q04007},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003386}
}
@article{rucker23,
  title = {Physics-Informed Deep Learning of Rate-and-State
                  Fault Friction},
  author = {Rucker, C. and Erickson, B. A.},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.09403},
  year = 2023
}
@article{rudge11,
  author = {Rudge, J. F. and Bercovici, D. and Spiegelman, M.},
  title = {Disequilibrium melting of a two phase multicomponent
                  mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {699--718}
}
@article{rudge13,
  title = {The geochemical consequences of mixing melts from a
                  heterogeneous mantle},
  author = {Rudge, John F and Maclennan, John and Stracke,
                  Andreas},
  journal = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
  volume = 114,
  pages = {112--143},
  year = 2013
}
@article{rudi17,
  title = {Weighted {BFBT} preconditioner for {S}tokes flow
                  problems with highly heterogeneous viscosity},
  author = {Rudi, Johann and Stadler, Georg and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {SIAM J. Scient. Comp.},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {S272--S297},
  year = 2017
}
@article{rudi22,
  title = {{Simultaneous inference of plate boundary stresses
                  and mantle rheology using adjoints: large-scale 2-D
                  models}},
  author = {Rudi, Johann and Gurnis, Michael and Stadler, Georg},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 231,
  pages = {597--614},
  year = 2022
}
@incollection{rudnick03,
  author = {Rudnick, R. L. and Gao, S.},
  title = {Composition of the continental crust},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1--64},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{rudnick95,
  title = {Making continental crust},
  author = {Rudnick, Roberta L},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 378,
  pages = {571--578},
  year = 1995
}
@article{rudnick95b,
  title = {Nature and composition of the continental crust: a
                  lower crustal perspective},
  author = {Rudnick, Roberta L and Fountain, David M},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {267--309},
  year = 1995
}
@article{rudnick98,
  author = {Rudnick, R. L. and McDonough, W. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Thermal structure, thickness and composition of
                  continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Chem. Geology},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {395--411}
}
@article{rudolph14,
  author = {Rudolph, M. L. and Zhong, S. J.},
  title = {History and dynamics of net rotation of the mantle
                  and lithosphere},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {3645--3657}
}
@article{rudolph15,
  author = {Rudolph, M. and Lekic, V. and Lithgow-Bertelloni,
                  C.},
  title = {Viscosity jump in the mid mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 350,
  pages = {1349--1352}
}
@article{ruedas06,
  author = {Ruedas, T.},
  title = {Dynamics, crustal thicknesses, seismic anomalies,
                  and electrical conductivities in dry and hydrous
                  ridge-centered plumes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {16--41}
}
@incollection{ruedas07,
  author = {Ruedas, T. and Marquart, G. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centered
                  mantle plume},
  booktitle = {Mantle plumes - {A} multidisciplinary approach},
  pages = {71--126},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Ritter, J. R. R. and Christensen, U. R.}
}
@article{ruedas17,
  author = {Ruedas, T.},
  title = {Radioactive heat production of six geologically
                  important nuclides},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {3530--3541},
  year = 2017
}
@article{ruelle80,
  author = {Ruelle, D.},
  title = {Strange attractors},
  journal = {Math. Intell.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {126--137}
}
@article{ruempker03,
  author = {R\"{u}mpker, G. and Ryberg, T. and Bock, G. and
                  {Desert Seismology Group}},
  title = {{Boundary-layer mantle flow under the Dead Sea
                  transform fault inferred from seismic anisotropy}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 425,
  pages = {497--501}
}
@article{ruempker98,
  author = {R\"{u}mpker, G. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Apparent shear-wave splitting parameters in the
                  presence of vertically varying anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 135,
  pages = {790--800},
  year = 1998
}
@article{ruempker99,
  author = {R{\"{u}}mpker, G. and Tommasi, A. and Kendall,
                  J.-M.},
  title = {Numerical simulations of depth-dependent anisotropy
                  and frequency-dependent wave propagation effects},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {23141--23154},
  year = 1999
}
@article{ruepke04,
  author = {R{\"{u}}pke, L. H. and Phipps-Morgan, J. and Hort,
                  M. and Connolly, J.},
  title = {Serpentine and the subduction zone water cycle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 223,
  pages = {17--34}
}
@incollection{ruepke06,
  author = {R{\"{u}}pke, L. and Phipps-Morgan, J. and Dixon,
                  J. E.},
  title = {Implications of Subduction Rehydration for {E}arth's
                  Deep Water Cycle},
  booktitle = {Earth's Deep Water Cycle},
  pages = {263--276},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 168,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.}
}
@article{ruff89,
  title = {Do trench sediments affect great earthquake
                  occurrence in subduction zones?},
  author = {Ruff, Larry J},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 129,
  pages = {263--282},
  year = 1989
}
@incollection{ruff96,
  author = {Ruff, L. J.},
  title = {Large Earthquakes in Subduction Zones: {S}egment
                  Interaction and Recurrence Times},
  booktitle = {Subduction: {T}op to Bottom},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1996,
  editor = {Bebout, G. E. and Scholl, D. W. and Kirby, S. H. and
                  Platt, J. P.},
  volume = 96,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.}
}
@article{ruh16,
  author = {Ruh, Jonas B and Sallar{\`e}s, Valent{\'\i} and
                  Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Gerya, Taras},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  pages = {6880--6902},
  title = {Crustal deformation dynamics and stress evolution
                  during seamount subduction: {H}igh-resolution {3-D}
                  numerical modeling},
  volume = 121,
  year = 2016
}
@phdthesis{ruina80,
  author = {Ruina, A. L.},
  title = {Friction Laws and Instabilities: A Quasistatic
                  Analysis of some Dry Frictional Behavior},
  school = {Brown University},
  year = 1980,
  address = {Providence}
}
@article{ruina83,
  author = {Ruina, A. L.},
  title = {Slip instability and state variable friction laws},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {10359--10370}
}
@article{ruiz11,
  title = {Determination of the friction law parameters of the
                  {Mw} 6.7 {M}ichilla earthquake in northern {C}hile
                  by dynamic inversion},
  author = {Ruiz, Sergio and Madariaga, Raul},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L09317},
  doi = {0.1029/2011GL047147},
  year = 2011
}
@article{ruiz13,
  title = {Kinematic and dynamic inversion of the 2008
                  {N}orthern {I}wate earthquake},
  author = {Ruiz, S and Madariaga, R},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {694--708},
  year = 2013
}
@article{ruiz14,
  author = {Ruiz, S. and Metois, M. and Fuenzalida, A. and Ruiz,
                  J. and Leyton, F. and Grandin, R. and Vigny, C. and
                  Madariaga, R. and Campos, J.},
  title = {Intense foreshocks and a slow slip event preceded
                  the 2014 {Iquique Mw8.1} earthquake},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 345,
  pages = {1165--1169}
}
@article{runcorn56,
  author = {Runcorn, S. K.},
  title = {{Paleomagnetic comparisons between Europe and North
                  America}},
  journal = {Proc. Geol. Assoc. Canada},
  year = 1956,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {77--85}
}
@article{runcorn62,
  author = {Runcorn, S. K.},
  title = {Towards a theory of continental drift},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1962,
  volume = 193,
  pages = {311--314}
}
@article{runcorn63,
  author = {Runcorn, S. K.},
  title = {Satellite gravity measurements and convection in the
                  mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 200,
  pages = {628--630}
}
@article{rundle02,
  author = {Rundle, J. B. and Rundle, P. B. and Klein, W. and de
                  sa Martins, J. and Tiampo, K. and Donnellan, A. and
                  Kellogg, L. H.},
  title = {{GEM} plate boundary simluations for the {P}late
                  {B}oundary {O}bservatory: a program for
                  understanding the physics of earthquakes on complex
                  fault networks via oservations, theory, and
                  numerical simulations},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {2357--2381}
}
@article{rundle77,
  author = {Rundle, J. B. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {A three-dimensional viscoelastic model of a strike
                  slip fault},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {575--591}
}
@article{rundle82,
  author = {Rundle, J. B.},
  title = {{Viscoelastic-gravitational deformation by a
                  rectangular thrust fault in a layered Earth}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {7787--7796}
}
@article{rundle87,
  author = {Rundle, J. B. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Application of an Inhomogeneous Stress (Patch) Model
                  to Complex Subduction Zone Earthquakes: {A} Discrete
                  Interaction Matrix Approach},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {2606--2616}
}
@article{rundle88a,
  author = {Rundle, J. B.},
  title = {A Physical Model for Earthquakes. 1. {F}luctuations
                  and Interactions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {6237--6254},
  month = {June}
}
@article{rundle88b,
  author = {Rundle, J.B.},
  title = {A Physical Model for Earthquakes. 2. {A}pplications
                  to {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {6255--6274},
  month = {June}
}
@article{russell19,
  author = {Russell, J. B.  and Gaherty, J. B. and Lin, P.-Y.
                  P. and Lizarralde, D. and Collins, J. A. and Hirth,
                  G. and Evans, R. L.},
  title = {{High-resolution constraints on Pacific upper mantle
                  petrofabric inferred from surface-wave anisotropy}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2019,
  doi = {10.1029/2018JB016598},
  volume = 124
}
@article{russell22,
  title = {Seismological evidence for girdled olivine
                  lattice-preferred orientation in oceanic lithosphere
                  and implications for mantle deformation processes
                  during seafloor spreading},
  author = {Russell, Joshua B and Gaherty, James B and Mark,
                  Hannah and Hirth, Greg and Hansen, Lars and
                  Lizarralde, Daniel and Collins, John A and Evans,
                  Rob L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  doi = {10.1029/2022GC010542},
  year = 2022
}
@article{russo10,
  author = {R. M. Russo and J. C. VanDecar and D. Comte and
                  V. I. Mocanu and A. Gallego and R. E. Murdie},
  title = {{Subduction of the Chile Ridge: Upper mantle
                  structure and flow}},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {4--10}
}
@article{russo94,
  author = {Russo, R. M. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Trench-parallel flow beneath the {N}azca plate from
                  seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 263,
  pages = {1105--1111}
}
@article{russo96,
  author = {Russo, R. M. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Cordillera formation, mantle dynamics, and the
                  {W}ilson cycle},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {511--514}
}
@article{rutter04,
  title = {Experimental intracrystalline plastic flow in
                  hot-pressed synthetic quartzite prepared from
                  {B}razilian quartz crystals},
  author = {Rutter, EH and Brodie, KH},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {259--270},
  year = 2004
}
@article{rutter76,
  title = {A discussion on natural strain and geological
                  structure-the kinetics of rock deformation by
                  pressure solution},
  author = {Rutter, EH},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London.  A},
  volume = 283,
  pages = {203--219},
  year = 1976
}
@article{ruttler88,
  author = {Ruttler, E. H. and Brodie, K. H.},
  title = {The role of tectonic grain size reduction in the
                  rheological stratification of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Geol. Rundschau},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {295--308}
}
@article{ryan09,
  author = {W. B. F. Ryan and S.M. Carbotte and J. Coplan and
                  S. O'Hara and A. Melkonian and R. Arko and
                  R.A. Weissel and V. Ferrini and A. Goodwillie and
                  F. Nitsche and J. Bonczkowski and R. Zemsky},
  title = {{Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) synthesis
                  data set}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  notes = {Avaiable online at \url{gmrt.org}, accessed 01/2023},
  number = {Q03014},
  volume = 10,
  doi = {2008GC002332}
}
@article{ryan14,
  title = {Dynamically modeling fault step overs using various
                  friction laws},
  author = {Ryan, Kenny J and Oglesby, David D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {5814--5829},
  year = 2014
}
@article{rybacki06,
  title = {Influence of water fugacity and activation volume on
                  the flow properties of fine-grained anorthite
                  aggregates},
  author = {Rybacki, Erik and Gottschalk, Matthias and Wirth,
                  Richard and Dresen, Georg},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B03203},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003663},
  year = 2006
}
@article{ryberg05,
  author = {Ryberg, T. and R{\"{u}}mpker, G. and Haberland,
                  C. and Stromeyer, D. and Weber, M.},
  title = {Simultaneous inversion of shear wave splitting
                  observations from seismic arrays },
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B03301},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003303}
}
@article{rybicki70,
  author = {Rybicki, K.},
  title = {Dependence of the spatial distribution of
                  aftershocks on the side of the dislocated area at
                  the time of the main earthquake},
  journal = {Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Ac. Sci.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {117--126},
  annote = {static stress, aftershocks}
}
@article{rybicki71,
  title = {The elastic residual field of a very long
                  strike-slip fault in the presence of a
                  discontinuity},
  author = {Rybicki, K.},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 61,
  pages = {79--92},
  year = 1971
}
@article{rybicki73,
  author = {Rybicki, K.},
  title = {Analysis of aftershocks on the basis of dislocation
                  theory },
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {409--422},
  annote = {static stress change, aftershocks}
}
@article{rybicki77,
  author = {Rybicki, K. and Kasahara, K.},
  title = {A strike-slip fault in a laterally inhomogeneous
                  medium},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {127--138}
}
@article{rychert05,
  author = {Rychert, K. A. and Fischer, K. M. and Rondenay, S.},
  title = {{A sharp lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary imaged
                  beneath eastern North America}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 436,
  pages = {542--545}
}
@article{rychert08,
  author = {Rychert, C. A. and K. M. Fischer and G. A. Abers and
                  T. Plank and E. Syracuse and J. M. Protti and
                  V. Gonzalez and W. Strauch},
  title = {{Strong along-arc variations in attenuation in the
                  mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 9,
  number = {Q10S10},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002040}
}
@article{rychert09,
  author = {Rychert, C. A. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {A global view of the lithosphere-asthenosphere
                  boundary},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2009,
  volume = {495--498}
}
@article{rychert10,
  author = {Rychert, C. A. and Shearer, P. M. and Fischer,
                  K. M.},
  title = {Scattered wave imaging of the
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {173--185}
}
@article{rychert13,
  title = {{Seismic imaging of melt in a displaced Hawaiian
                  plume}},
  author = {Rychert, Catherine A and Laske, Gabi and Harmon,
                  Nicholas and Shearer, Peter M},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {657--660},
  year = 2013
}
@article{rychert17,
  author = {Rychert, C. A. and Harmon, N.},
  title = {Constraints on the anisotropic contributions to
                  velocity discontinuities at $\sim 60$~km depth
                  beneath the {P}acific},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {2855--2871}
}
@article{rychert20,
  title = {The Nature of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere
                  Boundary},
  author = {Rychert, Catherine A and Harmon, Nicholas and
                  Constable, Steven and Wang, Shunguo},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2018JB016463}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{rydelek90,
  author = {Rydelek, P. A. and Sacks, I. S.},
  title = {Asthenospheric viscosity and stress diffusion: a
                  mechanism to explain correlated earthquakes and
                  surface deformations in {NE} {J}apan},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {39--58}
}
@article{sabadini82,
  author = {Sabadini, R. and Yuen, A. Y. and Boschi, E.},
  title = {Interaction of cryospheric forcings with rotational
                  dynamics has consequences for ice ages},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {338--341}
}
@article{sabadini83,
  author = {Sabadini, R. and Yuen, A. Y. and Boschi, E.},
  title = {Dynamic effects from mantle phase transitions on
                  true polar wander during ice ages},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {694--696}
}
@article{sabadini90,
  title = {Eustatic sea level fluctuations induced by polar
                  wander},
  author = {Sabadini, Roberto and Doglioni, Carlo and Yuen,
                  David A},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 345,
  pages = {708--710},
  year = 1990
}
@article{sachs12,
  author = {M. K. Sachs and E. M. Heien and D. L. Turcotte and
                  M. B. Yikilmaz and J. B. Rundle and L. H. Kellogg},
  title = {Virtual {California} earthquake simulator},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {973--978}
}
@article{sacks83,
  author = {Sacks, I. S.},
  title = {The subduction of young lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {3355--3366}
}
@article{saffer03,
  title = {Comparison of smectite-and illite-rich gouge
                  frictional properties: application to the updip
                  limit of the seismogenic zone along subduction
                  megathrusts},
  author = {Saffer, Demian M and Marone, Chris},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 215,
  pages = {219--235},
  year = 2003
}
@article{saffer11,
  title = {Hydrogeology and mechanics of subduction zone
                  forearcs: {F}luid flow and pore pressure},
  author = {Saffer, Demian M and Tobin, Harold J},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {157--186},
  year = 2011
}
@article{saffer15,
  author = {Saffer, D. M. and Wallace, L. M.},
  title = {The frictional, hydrologic, metamorphic and thermal
                  habitat of shallow slow earthquakes},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {594--600}
}
@article{saffer17,
  title = {Mapping fluids to subduction megathrust locking and
                  slip behavior},
  author = {Saffer, Demian M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {9337--9340},
  year = 2017
}
@book{safronov72,
  author = {Safronov, VS},
  title = {{Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation
                  of the Earth and the planets}},
  publisher = {Israel Program for Scientific Translations},
  year = 1972,
  note = {p. 206}
}
@article{sagan93,
  title = {{A search for life on Earth from the Galileo
                  spacecraft}},
  author = {Sagan, Carl and Thompson, W Reid and Carlson, Robert
                  and Gurnett, Donald and Hord, Charles},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 365,
  pages = {715--721},
  year = 1993
}
@article{sagiya04,
  author = {Sagiya, T.},
  title = {{A decade of GEONET: 1994-2003 -- The continuous GPS
                  observation in Japan and its impact on earthquake
                  studies}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 56,
  pages = {29--41}
}
@article{sagy07,
  author = {{Sagy}, A. and {Brodsky}, E. E. and {Axen}, G. J.},
  title = {{Evolution of fault-surface roughness with slip}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {283--286}
}
@article{sagy09,
  author = {Sagy, A. and Brodsky, E. E.},
  title = {Geometric and rheological asperities in an exposed
                  fault zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B02301},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005701}
}
@article{saito06,
  author = {Saito, T.},
  title = {Synthesis of scalar-wave envelopes in
                  two-dimensional weakly anisotropic random media by
                  using the {M}arkov approximation},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {501--515}
}
@article{sakamaki13,
  author = {T. Sakamaki and A. Suzuki and E. Ohtani an
                  H. Terasaki and S. Urakawa and Y. Katayama and
                  K.-I. Funakoshi and Y. Wang and J. W. Hernlund and
                  M. D. Ballmer},
  title = {Ponded melt at the boundary between the lithosphere
                  and asthenosphere},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1041--1044}
}
@article{sallares19,
  title = {Upper-plate rigidity determines depth-varying
                  rupture behaviour of megathrust earthquakes},
  author = {Sallar{\`e}s, Valent{\'\i} and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 576,
  pages = {96--101},
  year = 2019
}
@article{saltzer00,
  author = {Saltzer, R. L. and Gaherty, J. B. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {How are vertical shear wave splitting measurements
                  affected by variations in the orientation of
                  azimuthal anisotropy with depth?},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {374--390}
}
@article{saltzer01,
  author = {Saltzer, R. L. and van der Hilst, R. D. and
                  K{\'{a}}rason, H.},
  title = {Comparing {P} and {S} wave heterogeneity in the
                  mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {1335--1338}
}
@article{saltzer97,
  author = {Saltzer, R. L. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Upper mantle {P} wave velocity structure of the
                  eastern {S}nake {R}iver {P}lain and its relationship
                  to geodynamic models of the region},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {11829--11842}
}
@article{samaniego10,
  author = {Samaniego, P. and Robin, C. and Chazot, G. and
                  Bourdon, E. and Cotton, J.},
  title = {Evolving metasomatic agent in the {N}orthern
                  {A}ndean subduction zone, deduced from magma
                  composition of the long-lived {P}ichincha volcanic
                  complex ({E}cuador)},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {239--260}
}
@article{sambridge06,
  author = {Sambridge, M. and Beghein, C. and Simons, F. and
                  Snieder, R.},
  title = {How do we understand and visualize uncertainty ?},
  journal = {The Leading Edge},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {542--546}
}
@article{sambridge99a,
  author = {Sambridge, M.},
  title = {Geophysical inversion with a neighbourhood algorithm
                  {I} - {S}earching a parameter space},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {479--494}
}
@article{sambridge99b,
  author = {Sambridge, M.},
  title = {Geophysical inversion with a neighbourhood algorithm
                  {II} - {A}ppraising the ensemble},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 138,
  pages = {727--746}
}
@article{sammis02,
  author = {Sammis, C. G. and Sornette, D.},
  title = {Postitive feedback, memory, and the predictability
                  of earthquakes},
  journal = {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {2501--2508}
}
@article{sammis04,
  author = {Sammis, C. G. and Bowman, D. D. and King, G. C. P.},
  title = {Anomalous Seismicity and Accelerating Moment Release
                  Preceding the {2001 and 2002 Earthquakes in Northern
                  Baja California, Mexico}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {2369--2378}
}
@article{sammis07,
  author = {Sammis, C. G. and King, G. C. P.},
  title = {Mechanical origin of power law scaling in fault zone
                  rock},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L04312},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL028548}
}
@article{sammis08,
  author = {Sammis, C. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {The Mechanics of Grain-Size Reduction in Fault
                  Zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B02306},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004892}
}
@article{sammis09,
  author = {Sammis, C. G. and Rosakis, A. J. and Bhat, H. S.},
  title = {Effects of Off-fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture
                  Propagation: {E}xperimental Studies},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {1629--1648}
}
@article{sammis13,
  title = {Triggered tremor, phase-locking, and the global
                  clustering of great earthquakes},
  author = {Sammis, Charles G and Smith, Stewart W},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 589,
  pages = {167--171},
  year = 2013
}
@article{sammis87,
  author = {Sammis, C. G. and King, G. C. P. and Biegel, R. C.},
  title = {The Kinematics of Gouge Deformation},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {777-812}
}
@article{sammis94,
  author = {Sammis, C. and Steacy, S. J.},
  title = {The micromechanics of friction in a granular layer},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {777--794}
}
@article{sammon22,
  author = {Sammon, L. G. and McDonough, W. F.},
  title = {Quantifying {E}arth's radiogenic heat budget},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 593,
  pages = 117684
}
@article{sammonds92,
  author = {Sammonds, P. and Meredith, P. R. and Main, P. G.},
  title = {Role of pore fluids in the generation of seismic
                  precursors to shear fracture},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 359,
  pages = {228--230}
}
@article{sammonds98,
  author = {Sammonds, P. and Ohnaka, M.},
  title = {Evolution of microseismicity during frictional
                  sliding},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {699--702}
}
@article{samuel10,
  author = {Samuel, H. and Evonuk, M.},
  title = {Modeling Advection in Geophysical Flows with
                  Particle Level Sets},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = 8,
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003081}
}
@article{san15,
  title = {Principal interval decomposition framework for {POD}
                  reduced-order modeling of convective {B}oussinesq
                  flows},
  author = {San, Omer and Borggaard, Jeff},
  journal = {Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids},
  volume = 78,
  pages = {37--62},
  year = 2015
}
@article{sanderson84,
  title = {Transpression},
  author = {Sanderson, DJ and Marchini, WRD},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {449--458},
  year = 1984
}
@article{sandiford07,
  title = {{The tilting continent: a new constraint on the
                  dynamic topographic field from Australia}},
  author = {Sandiford, Mike},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 261,
  pages = {152--163},
  year = 2007
}
@article{sandiford08,
  author = {Sandiford, M.},
  title = {Slab rupture beneath the Banda Sea: seismic
                  constraints on style and rates},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 174,
  pages = { 659--671}
}
@article{sandiford19,
  title = {Improving subduction interface implementation in
                  dynamic numerical models},
  author = {Sandiford, Dan and Moresi, Louis},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {969--985},
  year = 2019
}
@article{sandu11,
  title = {The effects of deep water cycling on planetary
                  thermal evolution},
  author = {Sandu, Constantin and Lenardic, Adrian and McGovern,
                  Patrick},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B12},
  year = 2011
}
@article{sandvol94,
  author = {Sandvol, E. and Hearn, T.},
  title = {Bootstrapping shear-wave splitting errors},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1971--1977}
}
@article{sandwell09,
  author = {Sandwell, D. T. and Becker, T. W. and Bird, P. and
                  Fialko, Y. and Freed, A. and Holt, W. E. and
                  Kreemer, C. and Loveless, J. and Meade, B. and
                  McCaffrey, R. and Pollitz, F. and Smith-Konter,
                  B. and Zeng, Y.},
  title = {Comparison of Strain-Rate Maps of Western {North
                  America}},
  journal = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual
                  Meeting, Proceedings and Abstracts},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 19,
  pages = 278,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2009am/2009SCECAnnualMeetingVolume.pdf},
                  accessed 10/2011}
}
@article{sandwell10,
  author = {Sandwell, D. T. and Becker, T. W. and Bird, P. and
                  Fialko, Y. and Freed, A. and Holt, W. E. and
                  Kreemer, C. and Loveless, J. and Meade, B. and
                  McCaffrey, R. and Pollitz, F. and Smith-Konter,
                  B. and Zeng, Y.},
  title = {Comparison of Strain-Rate Maps of Western {North
                  America}},
  journal = {UNAVCO Meeting Poster},
  year = 2010,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{https://www.unavco.org/community/meetings-events/2010/sciworkshop10/presentations/UNVSW10_030910_2.1_STS_Sandwell_ComparisonStrainRateMaps.pdf}}
}
@article{sandwell16,
  author = {Sandwell, D. T. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {Interpolation of {2-D} vector data using constraints
                  from elasticity},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {10703--10709}
}
@techreport{sandwell16b,
  author = {Sandwell, D. T. and Zeng, Y. and Shen, Z.-K. and
                  Crowell, B. and Murray, J. and McCaffrey, R. and Xu,
                  X.},
  title = {{The SCEC Community Geodetic Model V1: Horizontal
                  velocity grid}},
  institution = {Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD},
  year = 2016,
  address = {San Diego},
  note = {Online at
                  \url{http://topex.ucsd.edu/CGM/technical_report/CGM_V1.pdf},
                  accessed 08/2021}
}
@article{sandwell97,
  author = {Sandwell, D. T. and Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {Marine gravity anomaly from {G}eosat and {ERS}-1
                  satellite altimetry},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {10039--10050}
}
@article{santamaria-gomez12,
  author = {A. Santamar{\'{i}}a-G{\'{o}}mez and M. Gravelle and
                  X. Collilieux and M. Guichard and B. Martín
                  M{\'{i}}gueze and P. Tiphaneau and
                  G. W{\"{o}}ppelmann},
  title = {{Mitigating the effects of vertical land motion in
                  tide gauge records using a state-of-the-art GPS
                  velocity field}},
  journal = {Global Planet. Change},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {6--17}
}
@incollection{sartori90,
  author = {Sartori, R.},
  title = {The main results of {ODP} {Leg} 107 in the frame of
                  {N}eogene to recent geology of peri-tyrrhenian
                  areas},
  booktitle = {Proc. ODP, Scientific Results},
  pages = {715--730},
  publisher = {ODP Program},
  year = 1990,
  editor = {Kastens, K. A. and Mascle, J.},
  volume = 107
}
@article{satake07,
  title = {Long-term perspectives on giant earthquakes and
                  tsunamis at subduction zones},
  author = {Satake, Kenji and Atwater, Brian F},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 35,
  number = 1,
  pages = {349--374},
  year = 2007
}
@article{satake15,
  title = {Geological and historical evidence of irregular
                  recurrent earthquakes in Japan},
  author = {Satake, Kenji},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 373,
  number = 2053,
  pages = 20140375,
  year = 2015
}
@article{satake20,
  title = {History and features of trans-oceanic tsunamis and
                  implications for paleo-tsunami studies},
  author = {Satake, Kenji and Heidarzadeh, Mohammad and Quiroz,
                  Marco and Cienfuegos, Rodrigo},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 202,
  pages = 103112,
  year = 2020
}
@article{satake20b,
  title = {{Toward homogeneous estimation of long-term
                  seismicity from historical materials: number of felt
                  earthquakes in Tokyo since 1668}},
  author = {Satake, Kenji and Ishibe, Takeo},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {2601--2610},
  year = 2020
}
@article{satake23,
  title = {{Recurrence and long-term evaluation of Kanto
                  earthquakes}},
  author = {Satake, Kenji},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {1826--1841},
  year = 2023
}
@article{sato24,
  title = {Reconciling aging and slip state evolutions from
                  laboratory-derived canons of rate-and-state
                  friction},
  author = {Sato, D S K and Nakatani, M and Ando, R},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04478},
  year = 2024
}
@article{sato73,
  title = {Body wave spectra from propagating shear cracks},
  author = {Sato, Tamao and Hirasawa, Tomowo},
  journal = {J. Phys. Earth},
  volume = 21,
  pages = {415--431},
  year = 1973
}
@article{sato94,
  author = {Sato, H.},
  title = {{H$_2$O and magmatism in island arc mantle inferred
                  from seismic anelasticity and heat flow data}},
  journal = {J. Phys. Eearth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {439--453}
}
@article{saucier92,
  author = {Saucier, F. and Humphreys, E. D. and Weldon, R. J.},
  title = {Stress Near Geometrically Complex Strike-Slip
                  Faults: {A}pplication to the {S}an {A}ndreas fault
                  at {C}ajon pass, {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {5081--5094},
  month = {April}
}
@incollection{sauter10,
  author = {Sauter, Daniel and Cannat, Mathilde},
  title = {The ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian ridge},
  booktitle = {Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading
                  Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2010,
  editor = {Peter A. Rona and Colin W. Devey and Jérôme Dyment
                  and Bramley J. Murton},
  volume = 188,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {153--173},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{sauter13,
  title = {{Continuous exhumation of mantle-derived rocks at
                  the Southwest Indian Ridge for 11 million years}},
  author = {Sauter, Daniel and Cannat, Mathilde and
                  Roum{\'e}jon, St{\'e}phane and Andreani, Muriel and
                  Birot, Dominique and Bronner, Adrien and Brunelli,
                  Daniele and Carlut, Julie and Delacour, Ad{\'e}lie
                  and Guyader, Vivien and others},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {314--320},
  year = 2013
}
@article{savage00,
  author = {Savage, M. K. and Sheehan, A. F.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow from the {G}reat
                  {B}asin to the {G}reat {P}lains, western {U}nited
                  {S}tates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {13715--13734}
}
@article{savage02,
  author = {Savage, M. K.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation in the
                  western {U}nited {S}tates and southwestern {C}anada},
  journal = {Int. Geology Rev.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {913--937},
  year = 2002
}
@article{savage02b,
  author = {Savage, J. C.},
  title = {Viscoelastic-coupling model for the earthquake cycle
                  driven from below},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {25525--25532}
}
@incollection{savage04,
  author = {Savage, M. K. and Fischer, K. M. and Hall, C. E.},
  title = {Strain modelling, seismic anisotropy and coupling at
                  strike-slip boundaries: {A}pplications in {N}ew
                  {Z}ealand and the {S}an {A}ndreas fault},
  booktitle = {Vertical Coupling and Decoupling in the Lithosphere},
  pages = {9--40},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 2004,
  editor = {Grocott, J. and Tikoff, B. and McCaffrey,
                  K. J. W. and Taylor, G.},
  volume = 227,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs},
  address = {London}
}
@incollection{savage07,
  author = {Savage, M. K. and Fischer, K. M. and Hall, C. E.},
  booktitle = {Geotectonic Investigation of a Modern
                  Continent-Continent Collisional Orogen: Southern
                  Alps, NZ},
  title = {{Seismic Anisotropy in South Island, New Zealand}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {D. Okaya and T. Stern and F. Davey},
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  volume = 175,
  pages = {289--305}
}
@article{savage08,
  title = {{Evidence for a compositional boundary within the
                  lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari craton from
                  S receiver functions}},
  author = {Savage, Brian and Silver, Paul G},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 272,
  pages = {600--609},
  year = 2008
}
@article{savage10,
  author = {Savage, M. K. and Wessel, A. and Teanby, N. A. and
                  Hurst, A. W.},
  title = {A{utomatic measurement of shear wave splitting and
                  applications to time varying anisotropy at Mount
                  Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007722},
  year = 2010
}
@article{savage16,
  author = {M.K. Savage and Y. Aoki and K. Unglert and T. Ohkura
                  and K. Umakoshi and H. Shimizu and Iguchi and
                  T. Tameguri and T. Ohminato and J. Mori},
  title = {{Stress, strain rate and anisotropy in Kyushu,
                  Japan}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 439,
  pages = {129--142}
}
@article{savage73,
  author = {Savage, J. C. and Burford, R.},
  title = {Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in
                  central {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {832--845}
}
@article{savage78,
  author = {Savage, J. C. and Prescott, W. H.},
  title = {Asthenosphere readjustment and the earthquake cycle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 83,
  pages = {3369--3376},
  year = 1978
}
@article{savage83,
  author = {Savage, J. C.},
  title = {A dislocation model of strain accumulation and
                  release at a subduction zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {4984--4996}
}
@article{savage90,
  author = {Savage, J. C.},
  title = {Equivalent strike-slip earthquake cycles in
                  half-space and lithosphere-asthenosphere {E}arth
                  models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {4873--4879}
}
@article{savage93,
  author = {Savage, M. K. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Mantle deformation and tectonics: constraints from
                  seismic anisotropy in the western {United States}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {207--227}
}
@article{savage95,
  author = {Savage, J. C.},
  title = {{Interseismic uplift at the Nankai subduction zone,
                  southwest Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {6339--6350}
}
@article{savage97,
  author = {Savage, J. C. and Simpson, R. W.},
  title = {Surface strain accumulation and the seismic moment
                  tensor},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {1345--1353}
}
@article{savage98,
  author = {Savage, J. C. and Lisowski, M.},
  title = {Viscoelastic coupling model of the {S}an {A}ndreas
                  fault along the {B}ig {B}end, {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {7281--7289}
}
@article{savage98b,
  author = {Savage, M. K.},
  title = {{Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries?
                  Effects on receiver functions and a case study in
                  New Zealand}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {15069--15087}
}
@article{savage99,
  author = {Savage, M. K.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: {W}hat
                  have we learned from shear wave splitting?},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {65--106}
}
@article{sawade22,
  title = {{Global centroid moment tensor solutions in a
                  heterogeneous earth: the CMT3D catalogue}},
  author = {Sawade, Lucas and Beller, Stephen and Lei, Wenjie
                  and Tromp, Jeroen},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 231,
  pages = {1727--1738},
  year = 2022
}
@article{sawaguchi03,
  author = {Sawaguchi, T. and Ishii, K.},
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical modeling of lattice- and
                  shape-preferred orientation of orthopyroxene
                  porphyroclasts in peridotites},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1425--1444}
}
@article{saylor11,
  author = {Saylor, J. E. and Horton, B. K. and Nie, J. and
                  Corredor, J. and Mora, A.},
  title = {{Evaluating foreland basin partitioning in the
                  northern Andes using Cenozoic fill of the Floresta
                  basin, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia}},
  journal = {Basin Res.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {377--402},
  year = 2011
}
@misc{scec_mit_benchmark02,
  author = {{SCEC Crustal Deformation Group}},
  title = {Finite {E}lement Benchmarks - Assemblers, Solvers,
                  and Meshers},
  howpublished = {Online at \url{bowie.mit.edu/fe/}},
  year = 2002
}
@book{scecmap,
  author = {{SCEC}},
  title = {Faults of {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  publisher = {{S}outhern {C}alifornia {E}arthquake {C}enter},
  year = 1996,
  address = {\url{www.scecdc.scec.org/smfltmap.html}}
}
@article{schaefer11,
  title = {Radial anisotropy in the {E}uropean mantle:
                  {T}omographic studies explored in terms of mantle
                  flow},
  author = {Schaefer, JF and Boschi, L and Becker, TW and
                  Kissling, E},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L23304},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL049687},
  year = 2011
}
@article{schaeffer13b,
  author = {Schaeffer, A. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {Global shear speed structure of the upper mantle and
                  transition zone},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 194,
  pages = {417--449}
}
@article{schaeffer16,
  author = {Schaeffer, A. and Lebedev, S. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Azimuthal seismic anisotropy in the {E}arth's upper
                  mantle and the thickness of tectonic plates},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 207,
  pages = {901--933}
}
@article{scharer10,
  title = {Quasi-periodic recurrence of large earthquakes on
                  the southern San Andreas fault},
  author = {Scharer, Katherine M and Biasi, Glenn P and Weldon,
                  Ray J and Fumal, Tom E},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {555--558},
  year = 2010
}
@article{scharer11,
  title = {{A reevaluation of the Pallett Creek earthquake
                  chronology based on new AMS radiocarbon dates, San
                  Andreas fault, California}},
  author = {Scharer, Katherine M and Biasi, Glenn P and Weldon,
                  Ray J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B12},
  year = 2011
}
@article{scharer20,
  author = {Scharer, K M and Yule, D},
  title = {{A maximum rupture model for the southern San
                  Andreas and San Jacinto Faults, California, derived
                  from paleoseismic earthquake ages: Observations}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 47,
  number = {e2020GL088532}
}
@article{schellart04,
  author = {Schellart, W. P.},
  title = {Quantifying the net slab pull forces as a driving
                  mechanism for plate tectonics},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  doi = {10.1029/2004GL019528}
}
@article{schellart04b,
  author = {Schellart, W. P.},
  title = {Kinematics of subduction and subduction-induced flow
                  in the upper mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB002970}
}
@article{schellart07,
  author = {Schellart, W. P. and Freeman, J. and Stegman,
                  D. R. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Evolution and diversity of subduction zones
                  controlled by slab width},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 446,
  pages = {308--311}
}
@article{schellart08,
  author = {Schellart, W. P.},
  title = {{Overriding plate shortening and extension above
                  subduction zones: A parametric study to explain
                  formation of the Andes Mountains}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {1441--1454}
}
@article{schellart08b,
  author = {Schellart, W. P. and Stegman, D. R. and Freeman, J.},
  title = {{Global trench migration velocities and slab
                  migration induced upper mantle volume fluxes:
                  Constraints to find an Earth reference frame based
                  on minimizing viscous dissipation}},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {118--144}
}
@article{schellart10,
  author = {Schellart, W. P. and D. R. Stegman and
                  R. J. Farrington and J. Freeman and L. Moresi},
  title = {Cenozoic tectonics of western {North America}
                  controlled by evolving width of {F}arallon slab},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 329,
  pages = {316--319}
}
@article{schellart13,
  author = {Schellart, W. P. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {A new driving mechanism for backarc extension and
                  backarc shortening through slab sinking induced
                  toroidal and poloidal mantle flow: results from
                  dynamic subduction models with an overriding plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50173}
}
@article{schelle96,
  author = {Schelle, H. and Gr{\"{u}}nthal, G.},
  title = {Modeling of {N}eogene crustal block rotation: {C}ase
                  study of southeastern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {700--710},
  month = {June},
  annote = {dem}
}
@article{scherwarth02,
  author = {Scherwarth, M. and Melhuish, A. and Stern, T. and
                  Molnar, P.},
  title = {{Pn anisotropy and distributed upper mantle
                  deformation associated with a continental transform
                  fault}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL014179}
}
@article{schierjott20,
  title = {{Can grain size reduction initiate transform faults?
                  Insights from a 3-D numerical study}},
  author = {Schierjott, Jana C and Thielmann, Marcel and Rozel,
                  Antoine B and Golabek, Gregor J and Gerya, Taras V},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {{e2019TC005793}},
  doi = {10.1029/2019TC005793},
  year = 2020
}
@article{schildgen14,
  title = {{Linking slab break-off, Hellenic trench retreat,
                  and uplift of the Central and Eastern Anatolian
                  plateaus}},
  author = {Schildgen, Taylor F and Y{\i}ld{\i}r{\i}m, C and
                  Cosentino, Domenico and Strecker, Manfred Reinhard},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {147--168},
  year = 2014
}
@article{schilling73,
  title = {{Iceland mantle plume: geochemical study of
                  Reykjanes Ridge}},
  author = {Schilling, J.-G.},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 242,
  pages = {565--571},
  year = 1973
}
@article{schlunegger11,
  title = {{The last erosional stage of the Molasse Basin and
                  the Alps}},
  author = {Schlunegger, Fritz and Mosar, Jon},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {1147--1162},
  year = 2011
}
@article{schmalholz01,
  author = {Schmalholz, S. M. and Podladchikov, Y.Y.  and
                  Schmid, D. W.},
  title = {A spectral/finite difference method for simulating
                  large deformations of heterogeneous, viscoelastic
                  materials},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {199--208}
}
@article{schmalholz09,
  title = {Stress-strength relationship in the lithosphere
                  during continental collision},
  author = {Schmalholz, Stefan M and Kaus, Boris JP and Burg,
                  Jean-Pierre},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {775--778},
  year = 2009
}
@article{schmalholz2002,
  author = {Schmalholz, S. M. and Podladchikov, Y. Y. and Burg,
                  J. P.},
  title = {Control of folding by gravity and matrix thickness:
                  Implications for large-scale folding},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000355},
  year = 2002
}
@article{schmalzl96,
  title = {Mixing in vigorous, time-dependent three-dimensional
                  convection and application to Earth's mantle},
  author = {Schmalzl, J and Houseman, GA and Hansen, U},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 101,
  pages = {21847--21858},
  year = 1996
}
@article{schmalzle14,
  author = {Schmalzle, G. M. and McCaffrey, R. and Creager,
                  K. C.},
  title = {{Central Cascadia subduction zone creep}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {1515--1532}
}
@article{schmandt10,
  author = {Schmandt, B. and Humphreys, E.},
  title = {Complex subduction and small-scale convection
                  revealed by body-wave tomography of the western
                  {United States} upper mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 297,
  pages = {435--445}
}
@article{schmandt10b,
  author = {Schmandt, B. and Humphreys, E.},
  title = {Seismic heterogeneity and small-scale convection in
                  the southern {C}alifornia upper mantle},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q05004},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003042}
}
@article{schmandt11,
  author = {Schmandt, B. and Humphreys, E.},
  title = {{Seismically imaged relict slab from the 55~Ma
                  Siletzia accretion to the northwest United States}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 39,
  pages = {175--178}
}
@article{schmandt14,
  author = {Schmandt, B. and Jacobsen, S. D. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Liu, Z. and Dueker, K. G.},
  title = {Dehydration melting at the top of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 334,
  pages = {1265--1268}
}
@article{schmandt14b,
  author = {Schmandt, B. and Lin, F.-C.},
  title = {{P and S wave tomography of the mantle beneath the
                  United States}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {6342--6349},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL061231}
}
@incollection{schmeling00,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Partial melting and melt segregation in a convecting
                  mantle},
  booktitle = {Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Rocks},
  publisher = {Thompson, Kluwer Academic},
  year = 2000,
  pages = {141--178},
  editor = {Bagdassarov, N. and Laporte, A. B.},
  address = {Dordrecht}
}
@article{schmeling05,
  author = {Schmeling, H. and Babeyko, A. and Grigull, S. and
                  Enns, A. and Gerya, T. and van Hunen, J. and
                  Funiciello, F. and Faccenna, C. and Morra, G. and
                  Becker, T. W. },
  title = {Benchmarking subduction: the decoupling problem},
  journal = {EGU Abstract volume},
  year = 2005,
  note = {European Geophysical Union meeting}
}
@article{schmeling06,
  title = {A model of episodic melt extraction for plumes},
  author = {Schmeling, H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B03202},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003423},
  year = 2006
}
@article{schmeling08,
  author = {Schmeling, H. and Babeyko, A. and Enns, A. and
                  Faccenna, C. and Funiciello, F. and Gerya, T. and
                  Golabek, G. and Grigull, S. and Kaus B. J. P. and
                  Morra, G. and Schmalholz, S. and van Hunen J.},
  title = {A benchmark comparison of spontaneous subduction
                  models - towards a free surface},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {198-223}
}
@article{schmeling12,
  title = {Effective shear and bulk viscosity of partially
                  molten rock based on elastic moduli theory of a
                  fluid filled poroelastic medium},
  author = {Schmeling, Harro and Kruse, Jan Philipp and Richard,
                  Guillaume},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 190,
  pages = {1571--1578},
  year = 2012
}
@article{schmeling17,
  author = {H. Schmeling and G. Marquart and V. Nawa},
  title = {The role of hydrothermal cooling of the oceanic
                  lithosphere for oceanfloor bathymetry and heat flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {3934--3952}
}
@article{schmeling23,
  title = {{Dynamic two-phase flow modeling of melt segregation
                  in continental crust: Batholith emplacement versus
                  crustal convection, with implications for magmatism
                  in thickened plateaus}},
  author = {Schmeling, Harro and Marquart, Gabriele and
                  Weinberg, Roberto and Kumaravel, Pirunthavan},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {e2023GC010860},
  year = 2023
}
@article{schmeling81,
  author = {Schmeling, H. and Jacoby, W. R.},
  title = {On modelling the lithosphere in mantle convection
                  with non-linear rheology},
  journal = {J. Geophys.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {89--100}
}
@article{schmeling85,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Numerical models on the influence of partial melt on
                  elastic, anelastic, and electric properties of
                  rocks. Part {I}: elasticity and anelasticity},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {34--57}
}
@article{schmeling86,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {A Simple Statistical Model on the Degree of
                  Interconnection in Partially Molten Rocks},
  journal = {J. Geophysics},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 59,
  pages = {142--145}
}
@article{schmeling87,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {On the interaction between small- and large-scale
                  convection and postglacial rebound flow in a
                  power-law mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {254--262}
}
@article{schmeling89,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {{Compressible convection with constant and variable
                  viscosity: The effect on slab formation, geoid, and
                  Topography}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  issn = {2156-2202},
  pages = {12463--12481},
  year = 1989
}
@article{schmeling99,
  author = {Schmeling, H. and Monz, R. and Rubie, D. C.},
  title = {The influence of olivine metastability on the
                  dynamics of subduction},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 165,
  pages = {55--66}
}
@book{schmeling_geodyn,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Skriptum: Geodynamik},
  publisher = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Meteorologie und Geophysik},
  year = 1994,
  address = {{U}niversi{\"{a}}t {F}rankfurt am {M}ain}
}
@book{schmeling_numet,
  author = {Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Skriptum: Numerische Methoden in der Geophysik},
  publisher = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Meteorologie und Geophysik},
  year = 1994,
  address = {{U}niversi{\"{a}}t {F}rankfurt am {M}ain}
}
@article{schmerr07,
  author = {Schmerr, N. and Garnero, E.},
  title = {Upper mantle discontinuity topography from thermal
                  and chemical heterogeneity},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 318,
  pages = {623--626}
}
@article{schmerr12,
  author = {Schmerr, N.},
  title = {The {G}utenberg discontinuity: {M}elt at the
                  lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {1480--1483}
}
@article{schmid02,
  author = {Schmid, C. and Goes, S. and van der Lee, S. and
                  Giardini, D.},
  title = {Fate of the {C}enozoic {F}arallon slab from a
                  comparison of kinematic thermal modeling with
                  tomographic images},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 204,
  pages = {17--32}
}
@article{schmid96,
  author = {Schmid, S. M. and Pfiffner, O. A. and Froitzheim,
                  N. and Sch{\"{o}}nborn, G. and Kissling, E.},
  title = {Geophysical-geological transect and tectonic
                  evolution of the {S}wiss-{I}talian {A}lps},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {1036--1064}
}
@article{schmidt10,
  title = {Source parameters and time-dependent slip
                  distributions of slow slip events on the {C}ascadia
                  subduction zone from 1998 to 2008},
  author = {Schmidt, DA and Gao, H},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B00A18},
  year = 2010,
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB006045}
}
@article{schmittbuhl93,
  author = {Schmittbuhl, J. and Vilotte, J.-P. and Roux, S.},
  title = {Propagative macrodislocation modes in an earthquake
                  fault model},
  journal = {Europhys. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {375--380}
}
@article{schmittbuhl96,
  author = {Schmittbuhl, J. and Vilotte, J.-P. and Roux, S.},
  title = {Velocity weakening friction: A renormalization
                  approach},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {13911--13917}
}
@article{schmitz08,
  author = {M. Schmitz and J. Avila and M. Bezada and E. Vieira
                  and M. Y{\'{a}}{\~{n}}eza and A. Levander and
                  C. A. Zelt and M. I. J{\'{a}}come and M. B. Magnani
                  and {the BOLIVAR active seismic working group}},
  title = {{Crustal thickness variations in Venezuela from deep
                  seismic observations}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 459,
  pages = {14--26}
}
@article{schneider23,
  title = {{Harnessing AI and computing to advance climate
                  modelling and prediction}},
  author = {Schneider, Tapio and Behera, Swadhin and Boccaletti,
                  Giulio and Deser, Clara and Emanuel, Kerry and
                  Ferrari, Raffaele and Leung, L Ruby and Lin, Ning
                  and M{\"u}ller, Thomas and Navarra, Antonio and
                  others},
  journal = {Nature Clim. Change},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {887--889},
  year = 2023
}
@article{schneider23s,
  title = {{Harnessing AI and computing to advance climate
                  modelling and prediction}},
  author = {Schneider, Tapio and Behera, Swadhin and Boccaletti,
                  Giulio and others},
  journal = {Nature Clim. Change},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {887--889},
  year = 2023
}
@book{schneider75,
  author = {Schneider, G.},
  title = {Erdbeben -- {E}ntstehung, {A}usbreitung, {W}irkung},
  publisher = {Enke {V}erlag},
  year = 1975,
  address = {Stuttgart}
}
@article{schneider87,
  author = {Schneider, J. F. and W. D. Pennington and
                  R. P. Meyer},
  title = {{Microseismicity and focal mechanisms of the
                  intermediate-depth Bucaramanga Nest, Colombia}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {13913--13926}
}
@article{schoeffel99a,
  author = {Sch{\"{o}}ffel, H.-J. and Das, S.},
  title = {Fine details of the {W}adati-{B}enioff zone under
                  {I}ndonesia and its geodynamic implications},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {13101--13114},
  year = 1999
}
@article{schoepfer07,
  author = {Sch{\"{o}}pfer, M. P. J. and Childs, C. and Walsh,
                  J. J.},
  title = {{2D Distinct Element modeling of the structure and
                  growth of normal faults in multilayer
                  sequences. Part 1: Model calibration, boundary
                  conditions and selected results}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 103,
  number = {B10404}
}
@article{scholl15,
  title = {{Great ($\ge$Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the
                  subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically
                  smooth seafloor}},
  author = {Scholl, David W and Kirby, Stephen H and von Huene,
                  Roland and Ryan, Holly and Wells, Ray E and Geist,
                  Eric L},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {236--265},
  year = 2015
}
@article{scholz00,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Evidence for a strong {San Andreas} fault},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {163--166}
}
@book{scholz02,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Cambridge},
  edition = 2
}
@incollection{scholz06,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {{The strength of the San Andreas fault: A critical
                  analysis}},
  booktitle = {Earthquakes: radiated energy and the physics of
                  faulting},
  pages = {301--311},
  year = 2006,
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  editor = {Abercrombie, R. and McGarr, A. and Kanamori, H. and
                  DiToro, G.},
  volume = 170,
  series = {AGU Gepophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{scholz12,
  title = {The seismic coupling of subduction zones revisited},
  author = {Scholz, Christopher H and Campos, Jaime},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B05310},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009003},
  year = 2012
}
@article{scholz15,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {On the stress dependence of the earthquake b value},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1399--1402}
}
@article{scholz68,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {The frequency magnitude relation of microfracturing
                  in rock and its relation to earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1968,
  volume = 58,
  pages = {399--415}
}
@article{scholz68b,
  title = {Microfracturing and the inelastic deformation of
                  rock in compression},
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 73,
  pages = {1417--1432},
  year = 1968
}
@article{scholz68c,
  title = {Mechanism of creep in brittle rock},
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 73,
  pages = {3295--3302},
  year = 1968
}
@article{scholz73,
  title = {{Earthquake Prediction: A Physical Basis: Rock
                  dilatancy and water diffusion may explain a large
                  class of phenomena precursory to earthquakes}},
  author = {Scholz, Christopher H and Sykes, Lynn R and
                  Aggarwal, Yash P},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 181,
  pages = {803--810},
  year = 1973
}
@article{scholz74,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Post-earthquake dilatancy recovery},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {551--554}
}
@article{scholz82,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Scaling Laws for Large Earthquakes: Consequences for
                  Physical Models},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@book{scholz90,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1990,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{scholz95,
  author = {Scholz, C. H. and Campos, J.},
  title = {On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc
                  spreading at subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {22103--22115}
}
@article{scholz98,
  author = {Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Earthquakes and friction laws},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 391,
  pages = {37--42}
}
@article{schorlemmer04a,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and S. Wiemer and M. Wyss},
  title = {Earthquake Statistics at {Parkfield: 1.}
                  {S}tationarity of $b$-Values},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B12307},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003234}
}
@article{schorlemmer04b,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and S. Wiemer and M. Wyss and
                  D. D. Jackson},
  title = {Earthquake statistics at {P}arkfield:
                  {2. P}robabilistic forecasting and testing},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B12308},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003235}
}
@article{schorlemmer05,
  author = {Schorlemmer, D. and Wiemer, S.},
  title = {Microseismicity data forecast rupture area},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 434,
  pages = 1086
}
@article{schorlemmer05b,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and S. Wiemer and M. Wyss},
  title = {Variations in earthquake-size distribution across
                  different stress regimes},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 437,
  pages = {539--542},
  year = 2005
}
@article{schorlemmer07,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and M. Gerstenberger and S. Wiemer
                  and D. D. Jackson and D. A. Rhoades},
  title = {Earthquake Likelihood Model Testing},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {17--29}
}
@article{schorlemmer07a,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and M. Gerstenberger},
  title = {{RELM} {T}esting {C}enter},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {30--36}
}
@article{schorlemmer08,
  author = {D. Schorlemmer and J. Woessner},
  title = {Probability of Detecting an Earthquake},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {2103--2117}
}
@article{schott00,
  author = {Schott, B. and Yuen, D. A. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {The significance of shear heating in continental
                  delamination},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {273--290}
}
@article{schott98,
  author = {Schott, B. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Delamination and detachment of a lithospheric root},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {225--247}
}
@article{schreurs16,
  title = {Benchmarking analogue models of brittle thrust
                  wedges},
  author = {Schreurs, Guido and Buiter, Susanne JH and
                  Boutelier, Jennifer and Burberry, Caroline and
                  Callot, Jean-Paul and Cavozzi, Cristian and Cerca,
                  Mariano and Chen, Jian-Hong and Cristallini, Ernesto
                  and Cruden, Alexander R and others},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {116--139},
  year = 2016
}
@inproceedings{schroeder02,
  author = {Schroeder, J. M. and Lee, J. and Owen, L. A. and
                  Finkel, R. C.},
  title = {{Quaternary dextral fault slip history along the
                  White Mountains fault zone, California} (abstract)},
  pages = 87,
  year = 2002,
  volume = 34,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 98th annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@book{schubert01,
  author = {Schubert, G. and Turcotte, D. L. and Olson, P.},
  title = {Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2001
}
@article{schubert04,
  title = {Superplumes or plume clusters?},
  author = {Schubert, Gerald and Masters, G and Olson, P and
                  Tackley, P},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 146,
  pages = {147--162},
  year = 2004
}
@article{schubert75,
  title = {Role of phase transitions in a dynamic mantle},
  author = {Schubert, Gerald and Yuen, David A and Turcotte,
                  Donald L},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 42,
  number = 2,
  pages = {705--735},
  year = 1975
}
@article{schubert80,
  author = {Schubert, G. and Stevenson, D. J. and Cassen, P.},
  title = {Whole planet cooling and the radiogenic heat source
                  contents of the {E}arth and {M}oon},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {2531--2538}
}
@article{schubert89,
  title = {Solitary waves in mantle plumes},
  author = {Schubert, G and Olson, P and Anderson, C and
                  Goldman, P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {9523--9532},
  year = 1989
}
@article{schuberth09,
  author = {Schuberth, B. S. A. and H.-P. Bunge and J. Ritsema},
  title = {Tomographic filtering of high-resolution mantle
                  circulation models: Can seismic heterogeneity be
                  explained by temperature alone?},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q05W03},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002401}
}
@article{schulte-pelkum05,
  author = {V. Schulte-Pelkum and G. Monsalve and A. F. Sheehan
                  and M. Pandey and S.  Sapkota and R. Bilham and
                  F. Wu},
  title = {{Imaging the Indian subcontinent beneath the
                  Himalaya}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 435,
  pages = {1222--1225}
}
@article{schulte-pelkum11,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Biasi, G. and Sheehan, A. and
                  Jones, C.},
  title = {Differential motion between upper crust and
                  lithospheric mantle in the central {Basin and
                  Range}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {619--623}
}
@article{schulte-pelkum14,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Mahan, K. H.},
  title = {{A method for mapping crustal deformation and
                  anisotropy with receiver functions and first results
                  from USArray}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 402,
  pages = {221--233}
}
@article{schulte-pelkum20,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Cain, J. S and Jones II,
                  J. V. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Imaging the tectonic grain of the Northern
                  {C}ordillera orogen using {Transportable Array}
                  receiver functions},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {3086--3105}
}
@article{schulte-pelkum21,
  title = {Tectonic inheritance during plate boundary evolution
                  in southern {C}alifornia constrained from seismic
                  anisotropy},
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, Vera and Becker, Thorsten W and
                  Behr, Whitney M and Miller, Meghan S},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 22,
  doi = {10.1029/2021GC010099},
  pages = {{e2021GC010099}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{schulte01,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Masters, G. and Shearer,
                  P. M.},
  title = {Upper mantle anistropy from long-period {$P$}
                  polarization},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {21917--21934}
}
@phdthesis{schulte01b,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V.},
  title = {Mantle structure and anisotropy from the particle
                  motion and slowness of compressional body waves},
  school = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = 2001,
  address = {La Jolla CA}
}
@article{schulte03,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Blackman, D. K.},
  title = {A synthesis of seismic {$P$} and {$S$} anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {166-178}
}
@article{schultepelkumetal20CA,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, V. and Ross, Zachary E. and Mueller,
                  K. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {{Tectonic inheritance with dipping faults and
                  deformation fabric in the brittle and ductile
                  southern California crust}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2020}},
  volume = {{125}},
  number = {{8}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB019525}
}
@article{schultepelkummahan14b,
  author = {Schulte-Pelkum, Vera and Mahan, Kevin H.},
  title = {{Imaging faults and shear zones using receiver
                  functions}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = {{2014}},
  volume = {{171}},
  pages = {{2967--2991}}
}
@article{schurr14,
  author = {B. Schurr and G. Asch and S. Hainzl and J. Bedford
                  and A. Hoechner and M. Palo and R. Wang and
                  M. Moreno and M. Bartsch and Y. Zhang and O. Oncken
                  and F. Tilmann and T. Dahm and P. Victor and
                  S. Barrientos and J.-P. Vilotte},
  title = {{Gradual unlocking of plate boundary controlled
                  initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 512,
  pages = {299--302}
}
@article{schuster04,
  author = {Schuster, G. T. and Yu, J. and Sheng, J. and
                  Rickett, J.},
  title = {Interferometric/daylight seismic imaging},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {838--852}
}
@book{schutt01,
  author = {Schutt, D. and Kubo, A.},
  title = {Anisotropy Resource Page},
  publisher = {Carnegie Institution of Washington},
  year = 2001,
  address = {\url{www.ciw.edu/schutt/anisotropy/aniso_source.html},
                  access 04/2001}
}
@article{schutt01b,
  author = {Schutt, D. L. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {Evidence for a deep asthenosphere beneath {North
                  America} from western {United States} {$SKS$}
                  splits},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {291--294}
}
@article{schutt04,
  author = {Schutt, D. L. and Humphreys, E. D.},
  title = {{$P$} and {$S$} wave velocity and {Vp/Vs} in the
                  wake of the {Y}ellowstone hotspot},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.129/2003JB002442}
}
@article{schutt05,
  author = {Schutt, D. L. and Lesher, C. E.},
  title = {The effects of melt depletion on the density and
                  seismic velocity of spinel and garnet lherzolite},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  year = 2006,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002950}
}
@article{schutt06,
  title = {Effects of melt depletion on the density and seismic
                  velocity of garnet and spinel lherzolite},
  author = {Schutt, DL and Lesher, CE},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  number = {B5},
  year = 2006
}
@article{schwaiger19,
  title = {Force balance in numerical geodynamo simulations: a
                  systematic study},
  author = {Schwaiger, Tobias and Gastine, Thomas and Aubert,
                  Julien},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 219,
  pages = {S101--S114},
  year = 2019
}
@article{schwartz07,
  title = {Slow slip events and seismic tremor at
                  circum-{P}acific subduction zones},
  author = {Schwartz, Susan Y and Rokosky, Juliana M},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 45,
  number = {RG3004},
  doi = {10.1029/2006RG000208},
  year = 2007
}
@article{sclater70,
  author = {Sclater, J. G. and Franchetau, J.},
  title = {The implications of terrestrial heat flow
                  observations on current tectonic and geochemical
                  models of the crust and upper mantle of the earth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {509--542}
}
@article{sclater76,
  author = {Sclater, J. G. and Croove, J. and Anderson, R. N.},
  title = {On the reliability of oceanic heat flow averages},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 81,
  pages = {2957--3006}
}
@article{sclater80,
  author = {Sclater, J. G. and Jaupart, C. and Galson, D.},
  title = {{The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust
                  and the heat loss of the Earth}},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {269--311}
}
@article{sclater81,
  author = {Sclater, J. G. and Parsons, B. and Jaupart, C.},
  title = {Oceans and continents: similarties and differences
                  in the mechanism of heat loss},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {11535--11552}
}
@misc{scotese00,
  author = {Scotese, CR},
  title = {{PALEOMAP} {P}roject},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scotese.com/pzanim.htm}, accessed 01/2023},
  year = 2000
}
@article{scott84,
  author = {Scott, D. R. and Stevenson, D. J.},
  title = {Magma solitons},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1161--1164}
}
@article{scotti91,
  author = {Scotti, O. and Nur, A. and Estevez, R.},
  title = {Distributed deformation and block rotation in three
                  dimensions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {1225--12243}
}
@article{sdrolias06,
  author = {Sdrolias, M. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.},
  title = {Controls on back-arc basin formation},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001090}
}
@article{seales22,
  author = {Seales, J. and Lenardic, A. and Richards, M. R.},
  title = {Buffering of mantle conditions through water cycling
                  and thermal feedbacks maintains magmatism over
                  geologic time},
  journal = {Comm. Earth \& Environ.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1--11},
  year = 2022
}
@article{searle87,
  title = {{The closing of Tethys and the tectonics of the
                  Himalaya}},
  author = {Searle, MP and Windley, BF and Coward, MP and
                  Cooper, DJW and Rex, AJ and Rex, D and Tingdong, Li
                  and Xuchang, Xiao and Jan, MQ and Thakur, VC and
                  others},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 98,
  pages = {678--701},
  year = 1987
}
@misc{seatree,
  author = {Milner, K. and Becker, T. W. and Boschi, L. and
                  Cadieux, F. and Waterhouse, H. and Sain, J. and
                  Schorlemmer, D.},
  title = {{SEATREE} -- {Solid Earth Research and Teaching
                  Environment}},
  howpublished = {Online at
                  \url{http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/seatree/},
                  accessed 08/2020},
  year = 2013
}
@book{seber00,
  author = {{Cornell University GIS Group}},
  title = {{US Moho} Depth},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = 2000,
  note = {online at \url{atlas.geo.cornell.edu}, original
                  references listed at
                  \url{atlas.geo.cornell.edu/geoid/metadata/htmls/image_grid/us_moho_eq.html}}
}
@article{seber96,
  author = {Seber, D. and Barazangi, M. and Ibenbrahim, A. and
                  Demnati, A.},
  title = {Geophysical evidence for lithospheric delamination
                  beneath the {A}lboran {S}ea and {R}if-{B}etic
                  mountains},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 379,
  pages = {785--790}
}
@incollection{secco95,
  author = {Secco, R. A.},
  title = {Viscosity of the Outer Core},
  booktitle = {{Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of
                  Physical Constants}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1995,
  editor = {Thomas J. Ahrens},
  pages = {216--226}
}
@article{seeber00,
  author = {Seeber, L. and Armbruster, J. G.},
  title = {Earthquakes as beacons of stress change},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 407,
  pages = {69--72}
}
@book{segall10,
  author = {Segall, P.},
  title = {Earthquake and Volcano Deformation},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 2010
}
@article{segall12,
  author = {Segall, Paul and Bradley, Andrew M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  title = {Slow-slip evolves into megathrust earthquakes in
                  {2D} numerical simulations},
  volume = 39,
  number = {L18308},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL052811},
  year = 2012
}
@article{segall80,
  author = {Segall, P. and Pollard, D.D},
  title = {Mechanics of Discontinuous Faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {4337--4350},
  month = {August}
}
@article{segall89,
  author = {Segall, P.},
  title = {Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {942--946},
  month = {October},
  annote = {pore pressure, diffusion}
}
@article{segall95,
  author = {Segall, P. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Dilatancy, Compaction, and Slip Instability of a
                  Fluid Infiltrated Fault},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {22155--22171}
}
@article{segall97,
  author = {Segall, P. and J. L. Davis },
  title = {{GPS} applications for geodynamics and earthquake
                  studies },
  journal = {Annual Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {301--336}
}
@article{segall97b,
  title = {Time dependent inversion of geodetic data},
  author = {Segall, Paul and Matthews, Mark},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {22391--22409},
  year = 1997
}
@article{segedin50,
  author = {Segedin, C. M.},
  title = {Note on a penny-shaped crack under shear},
  journal = {Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.},
  year = 1950,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {396--400}
}
@article{seidler99,
  author = {Seidler, E. and Jacoby, W. R. and Cavsak, H.},
  title = {Hotspot distribution, gravity, mantle tomography:
                  evidence for plumes},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {585--608}
}
@article{selby02,
  author = {Selby, N. D. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {{The $Q$ structure of the upper mantle: constraints
                  from Rayleigh wave amplitudes}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000257}
}
@article{sella02,
  author = {Sella, G. F. and Dixon, T. H. and Mao, A.},
  title = {{REVEL: A} model for recent plate velocities from
                  space geodesy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000033}
}
@article{sella07,
  author = {G. F. Sella and S. Stein and T. H. Dixon and
                  M. Craymer and T. S. James and S. Mazzotti and
                  R. K. Dokka},
  title = {{Observation of glacial isostatic adjustment in
                  ``stable'' North America with GPS}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  number = {L02306},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL027081}
}
@article{selvadurai19,
  title = {Laboratory insight into seismic estimates of energy
                  partitioning during dynamic rupture: {A}n observable
                  scaling breakdown},
  author = {Selvadurai, Paul Antony},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  number = 11,
  pages = {11350--11379},
  year = 2019
}
@article{selvaggi92,
  author = {Selvaggi, G. and Amato, A.},
  title = {Subcrustal earthquakes in the northern {A}ppennines
                  ({I}taly): evidence for a still active subduction?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2127--2130}
}
@article{selvaggi95,
  author = {Selvaggi, G. and Chiarabba, C.},
  title = {Seismicity and P-wave velocity image of the
                  {S}outhern {T}yrrhenian subduction zone},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {818--826}
}
@article{selway15,
  author = {Selway, K. and Ford, H. and Kelemen, P.},
  title = {The seismic mid-lithosphere discontinuity},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 414,
  pages = {45--57}
}
@article{sembroni16,
  author = {A. C. Sembroni and C. Faccenna and T. W. Becker and
                  P. Molin and B. Abebe},
  title = {{Longterm, deep-mantle support of the Ethiopia-Yemen
                  Plateau}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {469--488}
}
@article{sembroni17,
  author = {A. C. Sembroni and A. Kiraly and C. Faccenna and and
                  F. Funiciello and T. W. Becker and J. Globig ad
                  M. Fernandez},
  title = {{Impact of the lithosphere on dynamic topography:
                  Insights from analogue modeling}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {2693--2702}
}
@article{semple18,
  author = {Semple, A. G. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Plug flow in the {E}arth's asthenosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 496,
  pages = {29--36}
}
@incollection{sengor01,
  author = {{\c{S}}eng{\"{o}}r, A. M. C. and Ernst, R. E. and
                  Buchan, K. L.},
  title = {Elevation as indicator of mantle-plume activity},
  booktitle = {Mantle plumes: their identification through time},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 352,
  series = {Geolog. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap.},
  pages = {183--225}
}
@article{sengor05,
  title = {{The North Anatolian fault: A new look}},
  author = {{\c{S}}eng{\"o}r, A. M. C. and T{\"u}ys{\"u}z, Okan
                  and Imren, Caner and Sak{\i}n{\c{c}}, Mehmet and
                  Eyido{\u{g}}an, Haluk and G{\"o}r{\"u}r, Naci and Le
                  Pichon, Xavier and Rangin, Claude},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {37--112},
  year = 2005
}
@article{sengor78,
  title = {Relative timing of rifting and volcanism on Earth
                  and its tectonic implications},
  author = {{\c{S}}eng{\"o}r, A. M. C. and Burke, K.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {419--421},
  year = 1978
}
@article{sengor84,
  title = {{Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature
                  and evolution of the western termination of
                  Palaeo-Tethys}},
  author = {{\c{S}}eng{\"{o}}r, A. M. C. and Y{\i}lmaz, Y. and
                  Sungurlu, O.},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {77--112},
  year = 1984
}
@article{seno17,
  title = {{Subducted sediment thickness and Mw 9 earthquakes}},
  author = {Seno, Tetsuzo},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 122,
  pages = {470--491},
  year = 2017,
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{seno98,
  author = {Seno, T. and Yamanaka, Y.},
  title = {Arc stresses determined by slabs: implications for
                  mechanisms of back-arc spreading},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {3227--3230}
}
@article{seno99,
  author = {T. Seno},
  title = {{Syntheses of the regional stress fields of the
                  Japanese islands}},
  journal = {Island Arc},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {66--79}
}
@incollection{sepkoski86,
  title = {Phanerozoic overview of mass extinction},
  author = {Sepkoski Jr., JJ},
  booktitle = {Patterns and Processes in the History of Life},
  pages = {277--295},
  editors = {D. M Raup and D. Jablonski},
  year = 1986,
  address = {Berlin},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@incollection{seranne99,
  author = {Seranne, M.},
  title = {The {G}ulf of {L}yon continental margin ({NW}
                  {M}editerranean) revisited by {IBS}: an overview},
  booktitle = {The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within
                  the Alpine Orogen},
  pages = {21--53},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  year = 1999,
  editor = {Durand, B. and Mascle, A. Jolivet, L. and
                  Horv{\`{a}}th, F. and S{\'{e}}ranne, M.},
  volume = 156,
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs},
  address = {London}
}
@unpublished{serc,
  author = {Manduca, C.},
  title = {{Science Education Resource Center (SERC)}},
  note = {Carleton College, Nothfield MN. Online at
                  \url{serc.carleton.edu/index.html}, accessed
                  06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@article{serpelloni13,
  author = {Serpelloni, E. and C. Faccenna and G. Spada and
                  D. Dong and S. D. P. Williams},
  title = {{Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the
                  Euro-Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity
                  gradients at different spatial scales along the
                  Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {6003--6024}
}
@article{serra17,
  title = {Deviation from power law of the global seismic
                  moment distribution},
  author = {Serra, Isabel and Corral, {\'A}lvaro},
  journal = {Scient. Rep.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = 40045,
  year = 2017
}
@article{serri93,
  author = {Serri, D. and Innocenti, F. and Manetti, P.},
  title = {Geochemical and petrological evidence of the
                  subduction of deliminated {A}driatic continental
                  lithosphere in the genesis of the
                  {N}eogene-{Q}uaternary magmatism of central {I}taly},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 223,
  pages = {117--147}
}
@book{seswg02,
  author = {{Solid Earth Science Working Group}},
  title = {Living on a Restless Planet. Solid Earth Science
                  Working Group Report},
  publisher = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},
  year = 2002,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{solidearth.jpl.nasa.gov/PDF/SESWG_final_combined.pdf},
                  accessed 08/2015}
}
@article{sethna01,
  author = {Sethna, J. P. and Dahmen, K. A. and Myers, C. R.},
  title = {Crackling noise},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 410,
  pages = {242--250}
}
@article{seton12,
  title = {{Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions
                  since 200 Ma}},
  author = {Seton, M{\"u}ller and M{\"u}ller, RD and Zahirovic,
                  S and Gaina, C and Torsvik, T and Shephard, G and
                  Talsma, A and Gurnis, M and Turner, M and Maus, S
                  and others},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {212--270},
  year = 2012
}
@article{seton20,
  author = {Seton, Maria and M{\"{u}}ller, R. Dietmar and
                  Zahirovic, Sabin and Williams, Simon and Wright,
                  Nicky M. and Cannon, John and Whittaker, Joanne
                  M. and Matthews, Kara J. and McGirr, Rebecca},
  title = {A Global Data Set of Present-Day Oceanic Crustal Age
                  and Seafloor Spreading Parameters},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 21,
  number = 10,
  pages = {{e2020GC009214}},
  year = 2020
}
@incollection{severinghaus90,
  author = {Severinghaus, J. and Atwater, T.},
  title = {Cenozoic geometry and thermal state of the
                  subducting slabs beneath western {N}orth {A}merica},
  booktitle = {Basin and {R}ange Extensional Tectonics Near the
                  Latitude of {L}as {V}egas, {N}evada},
  pages = {1-22},
  publisher = {Geol. Soc. Am. Mem.},
  year = 1990,
  editor = {Wernicke, B. P.},
  volume = 176,
  address = {Boulder CO}
}
@article{shaddox19,
  title = {{Subducted seamount diverts shallow slow slip to the
                  forearc of the northern Hikurangi subduction zone,
                  New Zealand}},
  author = {Shaddox, Heather R and Schwartz, Susan Y},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {415--418},
  year = 2019
}
@article{shanas10,
  author = {Shanas, M. H. and W. R. Peltier},
  title = {Layered convection and the impacts of the
                  perovskite-postperovskite phase transition on mantle
                  dynamics under isochemical conditions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B11408},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB007199}
}
@article{shankland81,
  title = {Geophysical constraints on partial melt in the upper
                  mantle},
  author = {Shankland, TJ and O’Connell, RJ and Waff, HS},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {394--406},
  year = 1981
}
@article{shapiro02,
  author = {Shapiro, N. M. and Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {Monte-{C}arlo inversion for a global shear velocity
                  model of the crust and upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {88--105}
}
@article{shapiro04,
  author = {Shapiro, N. M. and Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1175--1188},
  year = 2004
}
@article{shapiro04b,
  title = {{Thinning and flow of Tibetan crust constrained by
                  seismic anisotropy}},
  author = {Shapiro, N. M and Ritzwoller, M. H. and Molnar,
                  P. and Levin, V.},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 305,
  pages = {233--236},
  year = 2004
}
@article{shapiro05,
  author = {Shapiro, N. M. and Campillo, M. and Stehly, L. and
                  Ritzwoller, M. H.},
  title = {High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient
                  seismic noise},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 307,
  pages = {1615--1618}
}
@article{sharp06,
  author = {Sharp, W. D. and Clague, D. A.},
  title = {{50-Ma initiation of Hawaiian-Emperor bend records
                  major change in Pacific plate motion}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 313,
  pages = {1281--1284}
}
@article{sharp81,
  author = {Sharp, R. V.},
  title = {Variable rates of {L}ate {Q}uaternary strike-slip on
                  the {S}an {J}acinto fault zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1754--1762}
}
@article{sharples14,
  author = {Sharples, W. and Jadamec, M. A. and Moresi L. N. and
                  Capitanio, F. A.},
  title = {Overriding plate controls on subduction evolution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011163}
}
@article{sharples16,
  author = {Sharples, W. and Moresi, L. N. and Velic, M. and
                  Jadamec, M. A. and May, D. A.},
  title = {Simulating faults and plate boundaries with a
                  transversely isotropic plasticity model},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 252,
  pages = {77--90}
}
@article{shaw00,
  author = {Shaw, B. E. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Existence of Continuum Complexity in the
                  Elastodynamics of Repeated Fault Ruptures},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {23791--23810}
}
@techreport{shaw04,
  author = {Shaw, J. and Plesch, A. and Planansky, G.},
  title = {Community Fault Model last updated 1/4/04},
  institution = {Harvard College Geology Department},
  year = 2004,
  note = {Online at \url{structure.harvard.edu/cfm}}
}
@article{shaw13,
  title = {Earthquake surface slip-length data is fit by
                  constant stress drop and is useful for seismic
                  hazard analysis},
  author = {Shaw, Bruce E},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {876--893},
  year = 2013
}
@article{shaw18,
  title = {A physics-based earthquake simulator replicates
                  seismic hazard statistics across {C}alifornia},
  author = {Shaw, Bruce E and Milner, Kevin R and Field, Edward
                  H and Richards-Dinger, Keith and Gilchrist,
                  Jacquelyn J and Dieterich, James H and Jordan,
                  Thomas H},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 4,
  number = 8,
  pages = {eaau0688},
  year = 2018
}
@article{shaw22,
  title = {{An earthquake simulator for New Zealand}},
  author = {Shaw, Bruce E and Fry, Bill and Nicol, Andrew and
                  Howell, Andrew and Gerstenberger, Matthew},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 112,
  pages = {763--778},
  year = 2022
}
@article{shaw94,
  author = {Shaw, B. E.},
  title = {Complexity in a spatially uniform continuum fault
                  model},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {1983--1986}
}
@article{shaw95,
  author = {Shaw, B. E.},
  title = {Frictional weakening and slip complexity in
                  earthquake faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18239--18251}
}
@article{shaw99,
  author = {Shaw, J. H. and Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {An elusive blind-thrust fault beneath metropolitan
                  {L}os {A}ngeles},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 283,
  pages = {1516--1518}
}
@article{shearer03,
  author = {Shearer, P. and E. Hauksson and G. Lin and D. Kilb},
  title = {Comprehensive waveform cross-correlation of southern
                  {California} seismograms: {Part 2}. {E}vent
                  locations obtained using cluster analysis
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  volume = 84,
  number = 46,
  year = 2003,
  pages = {{S21D}--0326}
}
@article{shearer06,
  author = {Shearer, P. M. and G. A. Prieto and E. Hauksson},
  title = {{Comprehensive analysis of earthquake source spectra
                  in southern California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B06303},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003979}
}
@article{shearer12,
  title = {{Self-similar earthquake triggering, B{\aa}th's law,
                  and foreshock/aftershock magnitudes: Simulations,
                  theory, and results for southern California}},
  author = {Shearer, Peter M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B06310},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008957},
  year = 2012
}
@article{shearer22,
  title = {{Improved stress drop estimates for M 1.5 to 4
                  earthquakes in southern California from 1996 to
                  2019}},
  author = {Shearer, Peter M and Abercrombie, Rachel E and
                  Trugman, Daniel T},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 127,
  pages = {e2022JB024243},
  year = 2022
}
@article{shearer92,
  author = {P. M. Shearer and T. G. Masters},
  title = {Global mapping of topography on the 660~km
                  discontinuity},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 355,
  pages = {791--796}
}
@article{shearer99,
  author = {Shearer, P. M. and Flanegan, M.},
  title = {Seismic velocity and density jumps across the 410-
                  and 660-kilometer discontinuities},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 285,
  pages = {1545--1548}
}
@book{shearerbook,
  author = {Shearer, P. M.},
  title = {Introduction to Seismology},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address = {New York},
  year = 1999
}
@article{sheehan00,
  author = {Sheehan, A. F. and P. M. Shearer and H. Gilbert and
                  K. G. Dueker},
  title = {{Seismic migration processing of P-SV converted
                  phases for mantle discontinuity structure beneath
                  the Snake River Plain, western United States}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {19055--19065}
}
@article{sheehan08,
  author = {A. F. Sheehan and T. de la Torre and G. Monsalve and
                  V. Schulte-Pelkum and R. Bilham and F. Blume and
                  R. Bendick and F. Wu and M. R. Pandey and S.
                  Sapkota and S. Rajaure},
  title = {{Earthquakes and crustal structure of the Himalaya
                  from the Himalayan Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment
                  (HIMNT)}},
  journal = {J. Nepal Geol. Soc.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {1--8}
}
@article{shelly06,
  author = {Shelly, D. R. and G. C. Beroza and S. Ide and
                  S. Nakamula},
  title = {{Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku, Japan, and
                  their relationship to episodic tremor and slip}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 442,
  pages = {188--191}
}
@article{shelly10,
  author = {Shelly, D. R. and J. L. Hardebeck},
  title = {Precise tremor source locations and amplitude
                  variations along the lower-crustal central {San
                  Andreas Fault}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 37,
  number = {L14301},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL043672}
}
@article{shelly10b,
  title = {{Periodic, chaotic, and doubled earthquake
                  recurrence intervals on the deep San Andreas Fault}},
  author = {Shelly, David R},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 328,
  pages = {1385--1388},
  year = 2010
}
@article{shelly15,
  title = {{Complexity of the deep San Andreas Fault zone
                  defined by cascading tremor}},
  author = {Shelly, David R},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {145--151},
  year = 2015
}
@article{shemenda93,
  author = {Shemenda, A. I.},
  title = {Subduction of the lithosphere and back arc dynamics:
                  insights from physical modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {16167--16185}
}
@book{shemenda94,
  author = {Shemenda, A. I.},
  title = {Subduction: Insights from Physical Modelling},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 1994,
  series = {Modern Approaches in Geophysics},
  address = {Dordrecht}
}
@misc{shen03,
  author = {Shen, Z.-K. and Agnew, D. C. and King, R. W. and
                  Hudnut, K. W. and Dong, D. and Herring, T. A. and
                  Wang, M. and Johnson, H. and Anderson, G. and
                  Nikolaidis, R. and Bock, Y. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {The {SCEC} Crustal Motion Map, Version 3.0},
  note = {\url{epicenter.usc.edu/cmm3/}},
  year = 2003
}
@article{shen11,
  author = {Shen, Z.-K. and King, R. W. and Agnew, D. C. and
                  Wang, M. and Herring, T. A. and Dong, D. and Fang,
                  P.},
  title = {{A unified analysis of crustal motion in Southern
                  California, 1970–2004: The SCEC crustal motion map}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB008549},
  year = 2011,
  number = {B11402}
}
@article{shen11b,
  title = {{Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction}},
  author = {Shen, Shu-zhong and Crowley, James L and Wang, Yue
                  and Bowring, Samuel A and Erwin, Douglas H and
                  Sadler, Peter M and Cao, Chang-qun and Rothman,
                  Daniel H and Henderson, Charles M and Ramezani,
                  Jahandar and others},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 334,
  pages = {1367--1372},
  year = 2011
}
@article{shen13,
  author = {Shen, W. and Ritzwoller, M. H. and Schulte-Pelkum,
                  V.},
  title = {Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in the
                  central {U.S.}  encompassing the {Midcontinent
                  Rift}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {4325-–4344},
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50321}
}
@article{shen13b,
  title = {{Joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and
                  receiver functions: a Bayesian Monte-Carlo
                  approach}},
  author = {Shen, Weisen and Ritzwoller, Michael H and
                  Schulte-Pelkum, Vera and Lin, Fan-Chi},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 192,
  pages = {807--836},
  year = 2013
}
@article{shen22,
  author = {Shen, Z.-K. and Bird, P.},
  title = {{NeoKinema deformation model for the 2023 update to
                  the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model}},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {3037--3052}
}
@article{shen96,
  author = {Shen, Z.-K. and D. D. Jackson and B. X. Ge},
  title = {Crustal deformation across and beyond the {Los
                  Angeles} basin from geodetic measurements},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {27957--27980}
}
@article{shenk80,
  author = {Shenk, V.},
  title = {U-{Pb} and {Rb-Sr} radiometric dates and their
                  correlation with metamorphic events in the granulite
                  facies basement of the {S}erre, southern {C}alabria
                  ({I}taly)},
  journal = {Contrib. Min. Petrol.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 73,
  pages = {23--38}
}
@article{shepard12,
  author = {Shepard, G. E. and Liu, L. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.
                  and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Dynamic topography and anomalously negative
                  residual depth of the Argentine Basin}},
  journal = {Gondwana Res.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {658--663}
}
@article{sheridan00,
  author = {Sheridan, J. M. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {High-resolution strain variability in southern
                  {C}alifornia from analysis of 80,000 earthquakes
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 81,
  number = 48,
  pages = {S22A-06}
}
@phdthesis{sheridan97,
  author = {Sheridan, J.},
  title = {Secondary deformation near strike-slip faults,
                  southern {C}alifornia: seismic and structural
                  studies},
  school = {University of Oregon},
  year = 1997,
  month = {June}
}
@article{sherrill20,
  author = {E. M. Sherrill and K.M. Johnson},
  title = {{New insights into the slip budget at Nankai: an
                  interative approach to estimate coseismic slip and
                  afterslip}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 125,
  number = {e2020JB020833},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JB020833}
}
@article{sherrington04,
  title = {{Crustal fabric in the Tibetan Plateau based on
                  waveform inversions for seismic anisotropy
                  parameters}},
  author = {Sherrington, Heather Folsom and Zandt, George and
                  Frederiksen, Andrew},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B02312},
  year = 2004,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002345}
}
@article{shewchuk02,
  author = {Shewchuk, J. R. },
  title = {Delaunay Refinement Algorithms for Triangular Mesh
                  Generation},
  journal = {Comput. Geom.: Theor. Appl.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {21--74}
}
@unpublished{shewchuk94,
  author = {Shewchuk, J. R.},
  title = {An Introduction to the Conjugate Gradient Method
                  Without the Agonizing Pain},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake-papers/painless-conjugate-gradient.pdf},
                  accessed 10/2008.},
  year = 1994
}
@inproceedings{shewchuk96b,
  author = {J. R. Shewchuk},
  title = {{T}riangle: Engineering a {2D} Quality Mesh
                  Generator and Delaunay Triangulator},
  booktitle = {First Workshop on Applied Computational Geometry},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  pages = {124--133},
  month = may,
  year = 1996
}
@article{shi13,
  title = {Rupture dynamics and ground motion from 3-D
                  rough-fault simulations},
  author = {Shi, Zheqiang and Day, Steven M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {1122--1141},
  year = 2013
}
@article{shi20,
  title = {Structural control and system-level behavior of the
                  seismic cycle at the {N}ankai Trough},
  author = {Shi, Q. and Barbot, S. and Wei, S. and Tapponnier,
                  P. and Matsuzawa, T. and Shibazaki, B.},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 72,
  pages = {1--31},
  year = 2020
}
@article{shi20b,
  title = {Megathrust Locking and Viscous Mantle Flow Induce
                  Continental Shortening in {Central Andes}},
  author = {Shi, Fuqiang and Li, Shaoyang and Moreno, Marcos},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2020
}
@article{shibazaki03,
  author = {Shibazaki, Bunichiro and Iio, Yoshihisa},
  title = {On the physical mechanism of silent slip events
                  along the deeper part of the seismogenic zone},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 30,
  number = 9,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL017047},
  year = 2003
}
@article{shibazaki07,
  title = {Modelling of short-interval silent slip events in
                  deeper subduction interfaces considering the
                  frictional properties at the unstableStable
                  transition regime},
  author = {Shibazaki, Bunichiro and Shimamoto, Toshihiko},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {191--205},
  year = 2007
}
@article{shibazaki11,
  author = {Shibazaki, B and Matsuzawa, T and Tsutsumi, A and
                  Ujiie, K and Hasegawa, A and Ito, Y},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  title = {{3D modeling of the cycle of a great Tohoku-oki
                  earthquake, considering frictional behavior at low
                  to high slip velocities}},
  volume = 38,
  number = {L21305},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL049308},
  year = 2011
}
@article{shibazaki19,
  title = {Three-dimensional modeling of spontaneous and
                  triggered slow-slip events at the Hikurangi
                  subduction zone, New Zealand},
  author = {Shibazaki, Bunichiro and Wallace, Laura M and
                  Kaneko, Yoshihiro and Hamling, Ian and Ito,
                  Yoshihiro and Matsuzawa, Takanori},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2019
}
@article{shimazaki80,
  author = {Shimazaki, K. and Nakata, T.},
  title = {Time-predictable recurrence model for large
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {279--282}
}
@article{shimozuru66,
  author = {Shimozuru, D. and Kamo, K. and Kinoshita, W. T.},
  title = {{Volcanic tremor of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, during
                  July-December 1963}},
  journal = {Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo},
  year = 1966,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {1093--1133}
}
@article{shinevar15,
  title = {Compositional dependence of lower crustal viscosity},
  author = {Shinevar, William J and Behn, Mark D and Hirth,
                  Greg},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 42,
  pages = {8333--8340},
  year = 2015
}
@article{shinevar18,
  title = {Inferring crustal viscosity from seismic velocity:
                  {Application to the lower crust of Southern
                  California}},
  author = {Shinevar, William J and Behn, Mark D and Hirth, Greg
                  and Jagoutz, Oliver},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 494,
  pages = {83--91},
  year = 2018
}
@article{shirey11,
  author = {Shirey, S. B. and Richardson, S. H.},
  title = {{Start of the Wilson cycle at 3 Ga shown by diamonds
                  from subcontinental mantle}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 333,
  pages = {434--436}
}
@article{shkoller97,
  title = {Reduction of {Dietrich-Ruina} attractors to unimodal
                  maps},
  author = {Shkoller, S and Minster, J-B},
  journal = {Nonlin. Proc. Geophys.},
  volume = 4,
  pages = {63--69},
  year = 1997
}
@article{shokouhi21,
  title = {Deep learning can predict laboratory quakes from
                  active source seismic data},
  author = {Shokouhi, Parisa and Girkar, Vrushali and
                  Rivi{\`e}re, Jacques and Shreedharan, Srisharan and
                  Marone, Chris and Giles, C Lee and Kifer, Daniel},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {e2021GL093187},
  year = 2021
}
@article{shorttle16,
  author = {O. Shorttle and J. F. Rudge and J. Maclennan and
                  K. H. Rubin},
  title = {A Statistical Description of Concurrent Mixing and
                  Crystallization during {MORB} Differentiation:
                  {I}mplications for Trace Element Enrichment},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 57,
  pages = {2127--2162}
}
@article{shreedharan20b,
  title = {Preseismic fault creep and elastic wave amplitude
                  precursors scale with lab earthquake magnitude for
                  the continuum of tectonic failure modes},
  author = {Shreedharan, Srisharan and Bolton, David Chas and
                  Rivi{\`e}re, Jacques and Marone, Chris},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  number = 8,
  pages = {{e2020GL086986}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{shreedharan21,
  title = {Machine learning predicts the timing and shear
                  stress evolution of lab earthquakes using active
                  seismic monitoring of fault zone processes},
  author = {Shreedharan, Srisharan and Bolton, David Chas and
                  Rivi{\`e}re, Jacques and Marone, Chris},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  pages = {e2020JB021588},
  year = 2021
}
@article{shuck22,
  title = {Stress transition from horizontal to vertical forces
                  during subduction initiation},
  author = {Shuck, Brandon and Gulick, Sean PS and Van Avendonk,
                  Harm JA and Gurnis, Michael and Sutherland, Rupert
                  and Stock, Joann and Hightower, Erin},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = {149--155},
  year = 2022
}
@article{shuler13,
  title = {{Global observation of vertical-CLVD earthquakes at
                  active volcanoes}},
  author = {Shuler, Ashley and Nettles, Meredith and
                  Ekstr{\"o}m, G{\"o}ran},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {138--164},
  year = 2013
}
@article{shulgin13,
  title = {{Subduction system variability across the segment
                  boundary of the 2004/2005 Sumatra megathrust
                  earthquakes}},
  author = {Shulgin, Alexey and Kopp, Heidrun and Klaeschen,
                  Dirk and Papenberg, Cord and Tilmann, Frederik and
                  Flueh, Ernst R and Franke, D and Barckhausen, U and
                  Krabbenhoeft, Anne and Djajadihardja, Y},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 365,
  year = 2013
}
@article{siame05,
  author = {Siame, L. L. and Bellier, O. and Sebrier, M.  and
                  Araujo, M.},
  title = {{Deformation partitioning in flat subduction
                  setting: Case of the Andean foreland of western
                  Argentina (28$^\circ$S-33$^\circ$S)}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 24,
  number = {TC5003},
  doi = {10.1029/2005TC001787}
}
@article{sibrant21,
  author = {Sibrant, A. L. R. and Davaille, A. and Mittlstaedt,
                  E.},
  title = {Rheological control on the segmentation of the
                  mid-ocean ridges: {L}aboratory experiments with
                  extension initially perpendicular to the axis},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 557,
  pages = 116706
}
@article{sibson86,
  title = {Brecciation processes in fault zones: inferences
                  from earthquake rupturing},
  author = {Sibson, Richard H},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {159--175},
  year = 1986
}
@article{sibson92,
  title = {Fault-valve behavior and the hydrostatic-lithostatic
                  fluid pressure interface},
  author = {Sibson, Richard H},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {141--144},
  year = 1992
}
@article{sidorin99,
  author = {Sidorin, I. and Gurnis, M. and Helmberger, D. V.},
  title = {Dynamics of a phase change at the base of the mantle
                  consistent with seismological observation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15005--15023}
}
@book{siebert02,
  author = {Siebert, L. and Simkin, T.},
  title = {{Volcanoes of the World: an Illustrated Catalog of
                  Holocene Volcanoes and their Eruptions}},
  publisher = {Smithsonian Institution},
  year = 2023,
  volume = {GVP-3},
  series = {Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series},
  note = {Updated since 2002, available online at
                  \url{volcano.si.edu/search_volcano.cfm}, accessed
                  07/2023}
}
@article{siegel08,
  title = {Low-dimensional modelling of a transient cylinder
                  wake using double proper orthogonal decomposition},
  author = {Siegel, Stefan G and Seidel, Juergen and Fagley,
                  Casey and Luchtenburg, D M and Cohen, Kelly and
                  McLaughlin, Thomas},
  journal = {J. Fluid. Mech.},
  volume = 610,
  pages = {1--42},
  year = 2008
}
@article{sieh00,
  title = {{Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia}},
  author = {Sieh, Kerry and Natawidjaja, Danny},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {28295--28326},
  year = 2000
}
@article{sieh08,
  author = {K. Sieh and D. H. Natawidjaja and A. J. Meltzner and
                  C.-C. Shen and H. Cheng and K.-S. Li and
                  B. W. Suwargadi and J. Galetzka and B. Philibosian
                  and R. L. Edwards},
  title = {{Earthquake supercycles inferred from sea-level
                  changes recorded in the corals of West Sumatra}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 322,
  pages = {1674--1678}
}
@incollection{sieh81,
  author = {Sieh, K. E.},
  title = {A review of geological evidence for recurrence times
                  of large earthquakes},
  booktitle = {Earthquake Prediction, an International Review},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {Simpson, D. and Richards, P.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Maurice Ewing},
  pages = {209--216},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{sieh84,
  author = {Sieh, K. E. and Jahns, R.},
  title = {Holocene activity of the {S}an {A}ndreas fault at
                  {W}allace {C}reek, {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  volume = 95,
  year = 1984,
  pages = {883-896}
}
@article{sieh89,
  author = {Sieh, K. E. and Stuiver, M. and Brillinger, D.},
  title = {A more precise chronology of earthquakes produced by
                  the {S}an {A}ndreas Fault in {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {603--623}
}
@article{sieh90,
  author = {Sieh, K. E. and P. L. Williams},
  title = {Behavior of the southernmost {S}an {A}ndreas fault
                  during the past 300 years},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {6629--6645}
}
@inproceedings{sieh94,
  author = {Sieh, K. and Grant, L. B. and Freeman, S. T.},
  title = {{Late Quaternary slip rate of the north branch of
                  the San Andreas Fault at City Creek, California}
                  (abstract)},
  pages = 91,
  year = 1994,
  volume = 26,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section, 90th annual meeting. Abstracts with
                  Programs}
}
@article{sieminski07,
  author = {Sieminski, A. and Liu, Q. and Trampert, J. and
                  Tromp, J.},
  title = {Finite-frequency sensitivity of surface waves to
                  anisotropy based upon adjoint methods},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {1153-–1174}
}
@article{sieminski09,
  author = {Sieminski, A. and Trampert, J. and Tromp, J.},
  title = {Principal component analysis of anisotropic
                  finite-frequency sensitivity kernels},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {1186--1198}
}
@article{sigloch08,
  author = {Sigloch, K. and McQuarrie, N. and Nolet, G.},
  title = {Two-stage subduction history under {North America}
                  inferred from multiple-frequency tomography},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 1,
  pages = 458
}
@article{sigloch11,
  author = {Sigloch, K.},
  title = {{Mantle provinces under North America from
                  multifrequency P wave tomography}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q02W08},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003421}
}
@article{sigloch13,
  author = {Sigloch, K. and Mihalynuk, M. G.},
  title = {{Intra-oceanic subduction shaped the assembly of
                  Cordilleran North America}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 496,
  pages = {50--56}
}
@inbook{sih,
  author = {Sih, G.C.},
  title = {Proc. 2nd Conf. Theoretical Appl. Mech.},
  chapter = 1,
  publisher = {Pergamon},
  year = 1964,
  pages = {117--130},
  address = {Oxford}
}
@article{sileny96,
  author = {{\v{S}}{\'{i}}leny, J. and Plomerov{\'{a}}, J.},
  title = {Inversion of shear-wave splitting parameters to
                  retrieve three-dimensional orientation of anisotropy
                  in continental lithosphere},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {277--292}
}
@article{silver02,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Holt, W. E.},
  title = {The mantle flow field beneath {W}estern {N}orth
                  {A}merica},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 295,
  pages = {1054--1057}
}
@article{silver08,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Behn, M. D.},
  title = {Intermittent plate tectonics?},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 319,
  pages = {85--88}
}
@article{silver11,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Long, M. D.},
  title = {The non-commutivity of shear wave splitting
                  operators at low frequencies and implications for
                  anisotropy tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {1415--1427}
}
@article{silver83,
  author = {Silver, E. A. and Reed, D. and McCaffrey, R.},
  title = {Back arc thrusting in the eastern {S}unda arc,
                  {I}ndonesia: {A} consequence of arc-continent
                  collision},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {7429--7448}
}
@article{silver88,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Carlson, R. W. and Olson, P.},
  title = {Deep slabs, geochemical heterogeneity, and the
                  large-scale structure of mantle convection:
                  Investigation of an enduring paradox},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {477-541}
}
@article{silver88b,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Chan, H. H.},
  title = {Implications for continental structure and evolution
                  from seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {34--39}
}
@article{silver91,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Chan},
  title = {Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle
                  deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {16429--16454}
}
@article{silver94,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Savage, M. K.},
  title = {The interpretation of shear wave splitting
                  parameters in the presence of two anisotropic
                  layers},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {949--963}
}
@article{silver96,
  author = {Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: {P}robing
                  the depths of geology},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {385--432}
}
@article{silver98,
  author = {Silver, P. G. and Russo, R. M. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Coupling of {S}outh {A}merican and {A}frican plate
                  motion and plate deformation},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 279,
  pages = {60--63}
}
@article{sim20,
  title = {The influence of spreading rate and permeability on
                  melt focusing beneath mid-ocean ridges},
  author = {Sim, Shi J and Spiegelman, Marc and Stegman, Dave R
                  and Wilson, Cian},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 304,
  pages = 106486,
  year = 2020
}
@book{simkin94,
  author = {Simkin, T. and Siebert, L.},
  title = {Volcanoes of the World},
  publisher = {Geoscience Press},
  year = 1994,
  address = {Tucson, Arizona},
  note = {{\small {\tt
                  http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/volcdata/index.htm}}},
  edition = {2nd}
}
@article{simmons00,
  author = {Simmons, N. A. and Gurrola, H.},
  title = {Multiple seismic dicontinuities near the base of the
                  transition zone in the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 405,
  pages = 559
}
@article{simmons06,
  author = {Simmons, N. A. and Forte, A. M. and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Constraining mantle flow with seismic and geodynamic
                  data: A joint approach},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 246,
  pages = {109--124}
}
@article{simmons07,
  author = {Simmons, N. A. and Forte, A. M. and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Thermochemical structure and dynamics of the
                  {A}frican superplume},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 34,
  doi = {10.1029/2006GL028009},
  year = 2007
}
@article{simmons09,
  title = {Joint seismic, geodynamic and mineral physical
                  constraints on three-dimensional mantle
                  heterogeneity: {I}mplications for the relative
                  importance of thermal versus compositional
                  heterogeneity},
  author = {Simmons, Nathan A and Forte, Alessandro M and Grand,
                  Stephen P},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 177,
  pages = {1284--1304},
  year = 2009
}
@article{simmons10,
  author = {Simmons, N. A. and Forte, A. M. and Boschi, L. and
                  Grand, S. P.},
  title = {{GyPSuM: A joint tomographic model of mantle density
                  and seismic wave speeds}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B12310},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007631}
}
@article{simms15,
  author = {Simms, A. R. and Rouby, H. and Lambeck, K.},
  title = {{Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic
                  motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic
                  adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North
                  America}},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2015,
  doi = {0.1130/B31299.1}
}
@article{simons02,
  author = {Simons, F. J. and van der Hilst, R. D. and
                  Montagner, J.-P. and Zielhuis, A.},
  title = {Multimode {R}ayleigh wave inversion for
                  heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy of the
                  {A}ustralian upper mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 151,
  number = 3,
  pages = {738--754},
  year = 2002
}
@article{simons03,
  author = {Simons, F. J. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Seismic and mechanical anisotropy and the past and
                  present deformation of the {A}ustralian lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {271--286}
}
@article{simons04,
  author = {Simons, F. J. and Becker, T. W. and Kellogg,
                  J. B. and Billen, M. and Hardebeck, J. and Lee,
                  C.-T. and Mont\'esi, L. G. J. and Panero, W. and
                  Zhong, S.},
  title = {Young Solid Earth Researchers of the World Unite!},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 60,
  pages = 160
}
@article{simons05,
  author = {Simons, F. J. and Becker, T. W. and Kellogg,
                  J. B. and Billen, M. and Hardebeck, J. and Lee,
                  C.-T. and Mont\'esi, L. G. J. and Panero, W. and
                  Zhong, S.},
  title = {{\em MYRES: A Program to Unite Young Solid Earth
                  Researchers}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 86,
  number = 5,
  pages = 48
}
@article{simons11,
  author = {M. Simons and S. E. Minson and A. Sladen and
                  F. Ortega and J. Jiang and S. E. Owen and L. Meng
                  and J.-P. Ampuero and S. Wei and R. Chu and
                  D. V. Helmberger and H. Kanamori and E. Hetland and
                  A. W. Moore and F. H. Webb},
  title = {{The 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake:
                  Mosaicking the megathrust from seconds to
                  centuries}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 332,
  pages = {1421--1425}
}
@article{simpson12,
  author = {Simpson, G. and Spiegelman, M. and Weinstein, M. I.},
  title = {A multiscale model of partial melts: 2. Numerical
                  results},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 115,
  number = {B04411},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006376},
  year = 2010
}
@techreport{simpson94,
  author = {Simpson, R. W. and Reasenberg, P. A.},
  title = {Earthquake-Induced Static-Stress Changes on
                  {C}entral {C}alifornian Faults},
  institution = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 1994,
  type = {Professional Paper},
  pages = {1550--F},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california, aftershocks, loma
                  prieta}
}
@article{simpson97,
  title = {{Quantifying Anderson's fault types}},
  author = {Simpson, Robert W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {17909--17919},
  year = 1997
}
@article{sims1985,
  author = {Sims, P.K. and Peterman, Z.E. and Schultz, K.J.},
  title = {The Dunbar Gneiss-granitoid dome: Implications for
                  early Proterozoic tectonic evolution of northern
                  Wisconsin},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {1101--1112},
  year = 1985
}
@article{sinclair97,
  title = {Flysch to molasse transition in peripheral foreland
                  basins: The role of the passive margin versus slab
                  breakoff},
  author = {Sinclair, HD},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1123--1126},
  year = 1997
}
@article{singh15,
  title = {{A review of crust and upper mantle structure
                  beneath the Indian subcontinent}},
  author = {Singh, Arun and Singh, Chandrani and Kennett, BLN},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 644,
  pages = {1--21},
  year = 2015
}
@article{singh98,
  title = {{Melt to mush variations in crustal magma properties
                  along the ridge crest at the southern East Pacific
                  Rise}},
  author = {Singh, SC and Kent, GM and Collier, JS and Harding,
                  AJ and Orcutt, JA},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 394,
  pages = {874--878},
  year = 1998
}
@article{singletary01,
  author = {Singletary, S. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {Evolution of Olivine Lattice Preferred Orientation
                  With Increasing Strain: A Natural Experiment.},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {T22B-0916}
}
@article{sinton92,
  title = {Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers},
  author = {Sinton, John M and Detrick, Robert S},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 97,
  pages = {197--216},
  year = 1992
}
@article{sipkin03,
  author = {Sipkin, S. A. and P. G. Silver},
  title = {Characterization of the time-dependent strain field
                  at seismogenic depths using first-motion focal
                  mechanisms: {O}bservations of large-scale decadal
                  variations in stress along the {S}an {A}ndreas
                  {F}ault system},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2003,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002064}
}
@article{siravo19,
  title = {{Slab flattening and the rise of the Eastern
                  Cordillera, Colombia}},
  author = {Siravo, Gaia and Faccenna, Claudio and G{\'e}rault,
                  M{\'e}lanie and Becker, Thorsten W and Fellin, Maria
                  Giuditta and Herman, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Molin,
                  Paola},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 512,
  pages = {100--110},
  year = 2019
}
@article{siravo20,
  title = {{Orogen-parallel transition from a decoupled
                  fore-arc sliver to Andean-type mountain chain:
                  Paleomagnetic and geologic evidence from southern
                  Chile (37--39 S)}},
  author = {Siravo, Gaia and Speranza, Fabio and
                  Hernandez-Moreno, Catalina and Di Chiara, Anita},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {{e2019TC005881}},
  year = 2020
}
@article{skemer12,
  author = {Skemer, P. and Warren, J. M. and Hirth, G.},
  title = {The influence of deformation history on the
                  interpretation of seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  key = {Q03006},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003988}
}
@article{skemer16,
  author = {Skemer, P. and Hansen, L. N.},
  title = {Inferring upper-mantle flow from seismic anisotropy:
                  {A}n experimental perspective},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 668,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@article{skinner11,
  author = {Skinner, S. M. and Clayton, R. W.},
  title = {{An evaluation of proposed mechanisms of slab
                  flattening in Central Mexico}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {1461--1474}
}
@book{skinner95,
  author = {Skinner, B. J. and Porter, S. C.},
  title = {The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical
                  Geology},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Son},
  year = 1995,
  address = {New York},
  edition = 3
}
@article{skjeltorp1988,
  author = {Skjeltorp, A. T. and Meakin, P.},
  title = {Fracture in microsphere monolayers studied by
                  experiment and computer simulation},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 335,
  annote = {lattice solid, cracks, potential function}
}
@article{sleep00,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Evolution of the mode of convection within
                  terrestrial planets},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {17563--1578}
}
@article{sleep03,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Simple features of mantle-wide convection and the
                  interpretation of lower-mantle tomograms},
  journal = {C. R. Geoscience},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {9--22}
}
@article{sleep03b,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Survival of {A}rchean cratonal lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2302,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000169}
}
@article{sleep06,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Mantle plumes from top to bottom},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {231--271}
}
@incollection{sleep07,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Plate tectonics through time},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  pages = {145--169},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 9,
  editor = {G. Schubert},
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@article{sleep08,
  title = {Scaling relationships for chemical lid convection
                  with applications to cratonal lithosphere},
  author = {Sleep, Norman H and Jellinek, A Mark},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2008
}
@article{sleep74,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Segregation of magma from a mostly crystalline mush},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 85,
  pages = {1225--1232}
}
@article{sleep87,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Lithospheric heating by mantle plumes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {1--11}
}
@article{sleep90,
  author = {Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Hotspots and Mantle Plumes: {S}ome Phenomenology},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {6715--6736}
}
@article{smit80,
  title = {{An extraterrestrial event at the
                  Cretaceous--Tertiary boundary}},
  author = {Smit, Jan and Hertogen, Jan},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 285,
  pages = {198--200},
  year = 1980
}
@article{smith-konter14,
  author = {Smith-Konter, B. K. and Thornton, G. M. and
                  Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {{Vertical crustal displacement due to interseismic
                  deformation along the San Andreas fault: Constraints
                  from tide gauges}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {3793--3801},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL060091}
}
@article{smith-konter14b,
  author = {B. Smith-Konter and D. T. Sandwell},
  title = {Stress evolution of the {San Andreas Fault System}:
                  {R}ecurrence interval versus locking depth},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 36,
  number = {L13304},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GL037235}
}
@article{smith-konter20,
  author = {B. R. Smith-Konter and L. Burkhard and L. Ward and
                  X. Xu and P. Wessel and D.T. Sandwell},
  title = {{San Andreas Fault System stress evolution
                  (1600-2020)}},
  journal = {Figshare},
  year = 2020,
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.12900005}
}
@article{smith01,
  author = {Smith, G. P. and Wiens, D. A. and Fischer, K. M. and
                  Dorman, L. M. and Webb, S. C. and Hildebrand, J. A.},
  title = {A complex pattern of mantle flow in the {L}au
                  backarc},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 292,
  pages = {713--716}
}
@article{smith03,
  author = {Smith, B. R. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {Coulomb Stress accumulation along the {S}an
                  {A}ndreas fault system},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2003,
  number = 2296,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002136}
}
@article{smith04,
  author = {Smith, D. B. and Ritzwoller, M. H. and Shapiro,
                  N. M.},
  title = {Stratification of anisotropy in the {P}acific upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003200},
  year = 2004
}
@article{smith06,
  author = {Smith, B. R. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {A model of the earthquake cycle along the {San
                  Andreas Fault System} for the past 1000 years},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003703}
}
@article{smith06b,
  title = {{Widespread active detachment faulting and core
                  complex formation near 13 N on the Mid-Atlantic
                  Ridge}},
  author = {Smith, Deborah K and Cann, Johnson R and
                  Escart{\'\i}n, Javier},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 442,
  pages = {440--443},
  year = 2006
}
@article{smith08,
  author = {Smith, D. E. and Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Evolving aftershock seismicity using rate-state
                  equations in a {3D} heterogeneous stress field},
  journal = {Southern California Earthquake Center Annual
                  Meeting, Proceedings and Abstracts},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 18,
  pages = 208,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2008am/2008SCECAnnualMeetingVolume.pdf},
                  accessed 01/2009}
}
@article{smith11,
  author = {Smith, D. E. and Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Models of stochastic, spatially varying stress in
                  the crust compatible with focal-mechanism data, and
                  how stress inversions can be biased toward the
                  stress rate},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {1396--1421}
}
@article{smith73,
  author = {Smith, M. L. and Dahlen, F. A.},
  title = {The azimuthal dependence of {L}ove and {R}ayleigh
                  wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {3321--3333},
  note = {Correction in doi: \url{10.1029/JB080i014p01923}}
}
@article{smith75,
  author = {Smith, M. L. and Dahlen, F. A.},
  title = {Correction to `{T}he azimuthal dependence of {L}ove
                  and {R}ayleigh wave propagation in a slightly
                  anisotropic medium'},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 80,
  pages = 1923
}
@article{smith90,
  author = {Smith, W. H. F. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {Gridding With Continuous Curvature Splines in
                  Tension},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 55,
  pages = {293--305}
}
@article{smith93,
  author = {Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {On the accuracy of digital bathymetric data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {9591--9603},
  note = {ETOPO5 and the like are inaccurate for sqrt
                  regressions}
}
@article{smith93b,
  title = {{Building the crust at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
  author = {Smith, Deborah K and Cann, Johnson R},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 365,
  pages = {707--715},
  year = 1993
}
@article{smith97,
  author = {Smith, W. H. F. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {Global Seafloor Topography from Satellite Altimetry
                  and Ship Depth Soundings},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 277,
  pages = {195--196},
  note = {{\small {\tt
                  http://topex.ucsd.edu/marine\_topo/mar\_topo.html}}}
}
@article{smith99,
  author = {Smith, G. P. and Ekstr{\"{o}}m, G.},
  title = {A global study of {P}$_\mathrm{n}$ anisotropy
                  beneath continents},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {963--980}
}
@article{smithheaton03,
  author = {Smith, D. E. and Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Interpreting Focal Mechanisms in a Heterogeneous
                  Stress Field (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 84,
  number = 46,
  pages = {S41C-0105}
}
@article{smolarkiewicz83,
  author = {Smolarkiewicz, P. K.},
  title = {A simple positive definite advection scheme with
                  small implicit diffusion},
  journal = {Mon. Weather Rev.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 111,
  pages = {479--486}
}
@article{smrekar07,
  title = {Tectonic and thermal evolution of Venus and the role
                  of volatiles: implications for understanding the
                  terrestrial planets},
  author = {Smrekar, Suzanne E and Elkins-Tanton, Linda and
                  Leitner, Johannes J and Lenardic, Adrian and
                  Mackwell, Steve and Moresi, Louis and Sotin,
                  Christophe and Stofan, Ellen R},
  journal = {Geophys. Mono.},
  volume = 176,
  pages = 45,
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2007
}
@article{snay2016modeling,
  title = {{Modeling 3-D crustal velocities in the United
                  States and Canada}},
  author = {Snay, Richard A and Freymueller, Jeffrey T and
                  Craymer, Michael R and Pearson, Chris F and Saleh,
                  Jarir},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {5365--5388},
  year = 2016
}
@article{snay96,
  author = {Snay, R. A. and Cline, M. W. and Philip, C. R. and
                  Jackson, D. D. and Feng, Y. and Shen, Z.-K. and
                  Lisowski, M.},
  title = {Crustal Velocity Field Near the Big Bend of
                  {C}alifornia's {S}an {A}ndreas Fault},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {3173--3185}
}
@article{snee20,
  title = {Multiscale variations of the crustal stress field
                  throughout North America},
  author = {Snee, Jens-Erik Lund and Zoback, Mark D},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1--9},
  year = 2020
}
@article{snell14,
  title = {{High elevation of the ``Nevadaplano'' during the
                  Late Cretaceous}},
  author = {Snell, Kathryn E and Koch, Paul L and Druschke,
                  Peter and Foreman, Brady Z and Eiler, John M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 386,
  pages = {52--63},
  year = 2014
}
@book{snider-pellegrini58,
  author = {Snider-Pellegrini, A.},
  title = {La Cr{\'{e}}ation es ses myst{\`{e}}res
                  d{\'{e}}voil{\'{e}}},
  publisher = {Librairie A. Franck},
  year = 1858,
  address = {Paris}
}
@phdthesis{snieder87,
  author = {Snieder, R.},
  title = {Surface wave scattering theory with applications to
                  forward and inverse problems in seismology},
  school = {University of Utrecht},
  year = 1987
}
@book{snir98,
  author = {Snir, M. and Gropp, W.},
  title = {MPI: The Complete Reference},
  publisher = {MIT Press, },
  year = 1998,
  address = {Cambridge MA},
  edition = 2
}
@article{snyder96,
  author = {Snyder, D. B. and Prasetyo, H. and Blundell,
                  D. J. and Pigram, C. J. and Barber, A. J. and
                  Richardson, A. and Tjokosaproetro, S.},
  title = {A dual doubly vergent orogen in the {B}anda {A}rc
                  continent-arc collision zone as observed on deep
                  seismic profiles},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {34--53}
}
@article{sobiesiak07,
  author = {Sobiesiak, M. and Meyer, U. and Schmidt, S. and
                  Gotze, H.-J. and Krawczyk, C. M},
  title = {Asperity generating upper crustal sources revealed
                  by $b$ value and isostatic residual anomaly grids in
                  the area of {Antofagasta, Chile}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B12308},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004796}
}
@article{sobolev05,
  author = {Sobolev, S. V. and Babeyko, A. Y.},
  title = {{What drives orogeny in the Andes?}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {617--620}
}
@incollection{sobolev06,
  author = {Sobolev, S. V. and Babeyko, A. Y.},
  title = {{Mechanism of the Andean orogeny: Insight from
                  numerical modeling}},
  booktitle = {The Andes},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 2006,
  editor = {Oncken, O. and Chong, G. and Franz, G. and Giese,
                  P. and G{\"{o}}tze, H.-J. and Ramos, V. A. and
                  Strecker, M. R. and Wigger, P.},
  series = {Frontiers in Earth Sciences},
  pages = {513--535}
}
@article{sobolev11,
  title = {Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and
                  environmental catastrophes},
  author = {Sobolev, Stephan V and Sobolev, Alexander V and
                  Kuzmin, Dmitry V and Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda A and
                  Petrunin, Alexey G and Arndt, Nicholas T and Radko,
                  Viktor A and Vasiliev, Yuri R},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 477,
  pages = {312--316},
  year = 2011
}
@article{sobolev17,
  author = {Sobolev, S. V. and Muldashev, I. A.},
  title = {Modeling seismic cycles of great megathrust
                  earthquakes across the scales with focus at
                  postseismic phase},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {4387--4408}
}
@article{sobolev19,
  title = {{Surface erosion events controlled the evolution of
                  plate tectonics on Earth}},
  author = {Sobolev, Stephan V and Brown, Michael},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 570,
  pages = {52--57},
  year = 2019
}
@article{socquet17,
  title = {An 8 month slow slip event triggers progressive
                  nucleation of the 2014 {Chile} megathrust},
  author = {Socquet, A. and Valdes, J. P. and Jara, J. and
                  Cotton, F. and Walpersdorf, A.  and Cotte, N. and
                  Specht, S. and Ortega-Culaciati, F. and Carrizo,
                  D. and Norabuena, E.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {4046--4053},
  year = 2017
}
@article{sol07,
  author = {S. Sol and A. Meltzer and R. B{\"{u}}rgmann and
                  R. D. van der Hilst and Z. Chen and P. O. Koons and
                  E. Lev and Y. P. Liu and P. K. Zeitler and X. Zhang
                  and J. Zhang and B. Zurek},
  title = {Geodynamics of the southeastern {T}ibetan Plateau
                  from seismic anisotropy and geodesy},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 35,
  pages = {563–-566}
}
@article{soldati04b,
  author = {Soldati, G. and Boschi, L.},
  title = {Whole Earth Tomographic Models: a Resolution
                  Analysis (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  pages = {S13D-1092}
}
@article{soldati05,
  author = {Soldati, G. and Boschi, L.},
  title = {The resolution of whole {E}arth seismic tomographic
                  models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {143--153}
}
@article{soler07,
  author = {Soler, M. M. and P. J. Caffe and B. L. Coira and
                  A. T. Onoe and S. M. Kay},
  title = {{Geology of the Vilama caldera: new interpretation
                  of a large scale explosive event in the Central
                  Andean plateau during the Upper Miocene}},
  journal = {J. Volc. Geotherm. Res.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {27--53}
}
@article{solheim94,
  title = {{Avalanche effects in phase transition modulated
                  thermal convection: A model of Earth's mantle}},
  author = {Solheim, Larry P and Peltier, WR},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {6997--7018},
  year = 1994
}
@article{solomatov00,
  author = {Solomatov, V. S. and Moresi, L.-N.},
  title = {{Scaling of time-dependent stagnant lid convection:
                  {A}pplication to small-scale convection on Earth and
                  other terrestrial planets}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {21795--21817}
}
@article{solomatov01,
  author = {Solomatov, S.},
  title = {Grain size-dependent viscosity convection and the
                  thermal evolution of the {Earth}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 191,
  pages = {203--212}
}
@article{solomatov08,
  title = {{Grain size variations in the Earth's mantle and the
                  evolution of primordial chemical heterogeneities}},
  author = {Solomatov, V. S. and Reese, C. C.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B07408},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005319},
  year = 2008
}
@incollection{solomatov15,
  author = {Solomatov, V. S.},
  title = {{Magma oceans and primordial mantle
                  differentiation}},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 9,
  chapter = {9.04},
  pages = {81--104},
  edition = 2
}
@article{solomatov95,
  author = {Solomatov, V. S.},
  title = {Scaling of temperature- and stress-dependent
                  viscosity convection},
  journal = {Phys. Fluids},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {266--274}
}
@article{solomatov97,
  author = {Solomatov, V. S. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Three regimes of mantle convection with
                  non-{N}ewtonian viscosity and stagnant lid
                  convection on the terrestrial planets},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1907--1910}
}
@article{solomon74,
  author = {Solomon, S. C. and Sleep, N. H.},
  title = {Some simple physical models for absolute plate
                  motions},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {2557--2567}
}
@article{solomon75,
  author = {Solomon, S. C. and Sleep, N. H. and Richardson,
                  R. M.},
  title = {On the forces driving plate tectonics: inferences
                  from absolute plate velocities and intraplate
                  stress},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {769--801}
}
@article{somala18,
  title = {{Finite-fault source inversion using adjoint methods
                  in 3-D heterogeneous media}},
  author = {Somala, Surendra Nadh and Ampuero, Jean-Paul and
                  Lapusta, Nadia},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 214,
  pages = {402--420},
  year = 2018
}
@article{somerville14,
  author = {Somerville, P. G.},
  title = {{A post-Tohoku earthquake review of earthquake
                  probabilities in the Southern Kanto District,
                  Japan}},
  journal = {Geosci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 1,
  number = 10,
  doi = {10.1186/2196-4092-1-10}
}
@article{sommaruga1999,
  author = {Sommaruga, A.},
  title = {Decollement tectonics in the {J}ura foreland
                  fold-and-thrust belt},
  journal = {Marine Petrol. Geol.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {111--134},
  year = 1999
}
@incollection{sonder1987,
  author = {Sonder, L. and England, P.C. and Wernicke, B.P. and
                  Christiansen, R.L.},
  title = {A physical model for {C}enozoic extension of western
                  {N}orth {A}merica},
  booktitle = {Continental Extensional Tectonics},
  editor = {Coward, M. and Dewey, J. and Hancock, P. L.},
  series = {Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pubs},
  publisher = {Geological Society of London},
  address = {Oxford},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {187--201},
  year = 1987
}
@article{sonder87,
  title = {{A physical model for Cenozoic extension of western
                  North America}},
  author = {Sonder, LJ and England, PC and Wernicke, Brian P and
                  Christiansen, RL},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {187--201},
  year = 1987
}
@article{sonder89,
  title = {Effects of a temperature-dependent rheology on
                  large-scale continental extension},
  author = {Sonder, Leslie J and England, Philip C},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {7603--7619},
  year = 1989
}
@article{sonder90,
  author = {Sonder, L. J.},
  title = {{Effects of density contrasts on the orientation of
                  stresses in the lithosphere: Relation to principal
                  stress directions in the Transverse Ranges,
                  California}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {761--771}
}
@article{sonder99,
  author = {Sonder, L.J. and Jones, C. H.},
  title = {{W}estern {U}nited {S}tates extension: {H}ow the
                  {W}est was {W}idened},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 27,
  pages = {417--462},
  year = 1999
}
@article{song03,
  title = {Large trench-parallel gravity variations predict
                  seismogenic behavior in subduction zones},
  author = {Song, Teh-Ru Alex and Simons, Mark},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 301,
  pages = {630--633},
  year = 2003
}
@article{song07,
  author = {Song, T.-R. A. and Helmberger, D. V.},
  title = {Validating tomographic model with broad-band
                  waveform modelling: an example from the {LA RISTRA}
                  transect in the southwestern {United States}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {244--258}
}
@article{song12,
  author = {Song, T.-R. A. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {Subduction of oceanic asthenosphere: evidence from
                  sub-slab seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L17301},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL052639}
}
@article{song13,
  author = {Song, T.-R. A. and Kawakatsu, H.},
  title = {{Subduction of oceanic asthenosphere: A critical
                  appraisal in central Alaska}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 367,
  pages = {82--94}
}
@article{song17,
  author = {Song, X. and Jordan, T. H.},
  title = {Stochastic representations of seismic anisotropy:
                  transversely isotropic effective media models},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 209,
  pages = {1831--1850}
}
@article{sorby63,
  title = {{II. The Bakerian lecture.—On the direct correlation
                  of mechanical and chemical forces}},
  author = {Sorby, Henry Clifton},
  journal = {Proc. Royal Soc. London},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {538--550},
  year = 1863
}
@article{sornette89,
  author = {Sornette, A. and Sornette, D.},
  title = {Self-Organized Criticality and Earthquakes},
  journal = {Europhys. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {197--202}
}
@incollection{souriau07,
  author = {Souriau, A.},
  title = {The {Earth's core}},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  pages = {655--693},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Romanowicz, B. A. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A.},
  volume = 1,
  address = {Amsterdam}
}
@article{sousa96,
  author = {de Sousa Vieira, M.},
  title = {Exponential distributions in a mechanical model for
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {5925--5928}
}
@article{spadini95,
  author = {Spadini, G. and Cloething, S. and Bertotti, G.},
  title = {Thermo-mechanical modeling of the {T}yrrhenian sea:
                  lithospheric necking and kinematics of rifting},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {629--644}
}
@article{spakman02,
  author = {Spakman, W. and Nyst, M. C. J.},
  title = {Inversion of relative motion data for estimates of
                  the velocity gradient field and fault slip},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {577--591}
}
@article{spakman10,
  author = {Spakman, W. and Hall, R.},
  title = {Surface deformation and slab-mantle interaction
                  during Banda arc subduction rollback},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {562--566}
}
@article{spakman93,
  author = {Spakman, W. and van der Lee, S. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  title = {Travel-time tomography of the
                  {E}uropean-{M}editerranean mantle down to 1400~km},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {3--74}
}
@article{sparks17,
  author = {Sparks, R. S. J. and Cashman, K. V.},
  title = {Dynamic magma systems: Implications for forecasting
                  volcanic activity},
  journal = {Elements},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {35--40}
}
@article{spasojevic09,
  author = {Spasojevic, S. and L. Liu and M. Gurnis},
  title = {{Adjoint models of mantle convection with seismic,
                  plate motion, and stratigraphic constraints: North
                  America since the Late Cretaceous}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q05W02},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002345}
}
@article{spasojevic10,
  author = {Spasojevic, S. and M. Gurnis and R. Sutherland},
  title = {Mantle upwellings above slab graveyards linked to
                  the global geoid lows},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {435--438}
}
@article{speciale22,
  author = {Speciale, P. and Tokle, L. and Behr, W. M.},
  title = {Feldspar and orthopyroxene piezometers constrained
                  using quartz–feldspar and olivine–orthopyroxene
                  mineral pairs from natural mylonites},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 154,
  number = 104495
}
@article{spence77,
  author = {Spence, W.},
  title = {Aleutian arc - tectonic blocks, episodic subduction,
                  strain diffusion, and magma generation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 82,
  pages = {213--230}
}
@article{spence86,
  author = {Spence, W.},
  title = {{The 1977 Sumba earthquake series: Evidence for slab
                  pull force acting at a subduction zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {7225--7239}
}
@article{spence87,
  author = {Spence, W.},
  title = {Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {55--69}
}
@manual{spencer08,
  title = {Introduction to {M}atlab},
  author = {Spencer, R. L.  and Ware, M.},
  organization = {Brigham Young University},
  year = 2008,
  note = {available online, accessed 07/2008}
}
@article{spencer90,
  title = {{Relationship between Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic
                  features in west central Arizona and adjacent
                  southeastern California}},
  author = {Spencer, Jon E and Reynolds, Stephen J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 95,
  number = {B1},
  pages = {539--555},
  year = 1990
}
@article{spencer96,
  author = {Spencer, J. E.},
  title = {{Uplift of the Colorado Plateau due to lithosphere
                  attenuation during Laramide low-angle subduction}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {13595--13609}
}
@article{spetzler02,
  author = {Spetzler, J. and Trampert, J. and Snieder, R.},
  title = {The effect of scattering in surface wave tomography},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {755--767}
}
@article{spiegel60,
  author = {Spiegel, E. A. and Veronis, G.},
  title = {{On the Boussinesq approximation for a compressible
                  fluid}},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  year = 1960,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {442--447}
}
@article{spiegelman03,
  title = {Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of
                  channelized melt transport},
  author = {Spiegelman, Marc and Kelemen, Peter B},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 4,
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000336},
  number = 7,
  year = 2003
}
@book{spiegelman04,
  author = {Spiegelman, M.},
  title = {Myths and Methods in Modeling},
  publisher = {Columbia University Course Lecture Notes},
  year = 2004,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~mspieg/mmm/course.pdf},
                  accessed 06/2006}
}
@article{spiegelman16,
  title = {On the solvability of incompressible {S}tokes with
                  viscoplastic rheologies in geodynamics},
  author = {Spiegelman, Marc and May, Dave A and Wilson, Cian R},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {2213--2238},
  year = 2016
}
@article{spiegelman93a,
  author = {M. Spiegelman},
  title = {Flow in deformable porous media. {P}art {1. S}imple
                  analysis},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 247,
  pages = {17--38}
}
@article{spiegelman93b,
  author = {M. Spiegelman},
  title = {Flow in deformable porous media. {P}art
                  {2. N}umerical analysis-{T}he relationship between
                  shock waves and solitary waves},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 247,
  pages = {39--63}
}
@article{spiegelman93c,
  author = {M. Spiegelman},
  title = {{Physics of melt extraction--Theory, implications
                  and applications}},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 342,
  pages = {23--41}
}
@article{spinelli04,
  title = {Along-strike variations in underthrust sediment
                  dewatering on the Nicoya margin, Costa Rica related
                  to the updip limit of seismicity},
  author = {Spinelli, Glenn A and Saffer, Demian M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2004,
  number = {L04613},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018863}
}
@article{spohn82,
  title = {Modes of mantle convection and the removal of heat
                  from the {E}arth's interior},
  author = {Spohn, T and Schubert, G},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 87,
  pages = {4682--4696},
  year = 1982
}
@inbook{spohn93,
  author = {Spohn, T and Breuer, D},
  title = {{Evolution of the Earth and planets}},
  chapter = {{Mantle differentiation through continental crust
                  growth and recycling and the thermal evolution of
                  the Earth}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 74,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {55--71}
}
@article{spotila98,
  author = {Spotila, J. A. and Farley, L. A. and Sieh, K.},
  title = {Uplift and erosion of the {San Bernardino Mountains,
                  associated with transpression along the San Andreas
                  fault, CA, as constrained by radiogenic helium
                  thermochronometry}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 17,
  pages = {360--378}
}
@article{sprague80,
  author = {Sprague, D. and Pollack, H. N.},
  title = {Heat flow in the {M}esozoic and {C}enozoic},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1980,
  volume = 285,
  pages = {393--395}
}
@article{spudich95,
  author = {Spudich, P. and Steck, L. K. and Hellweg, M. and
                  Fletcher, J. B. and Baker, L.},
  title = {Transient stresses at {P}arkfield, {C}alifornia,
                  produced by the {M7.4} {L}anders earthquake of
                  {J}une 28, 1992: observations from the {UPSAR} dense
                  seismograph array},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {675--690},
  annote = {static stress change, dynamics}
}
@article{srtm30_plus,
  author = {Becker, J. J. and D. T. Sandwell and W. H. F. Smith
                  and J. Braud and B. Binder and J. Depner and
                  D. Fabre and J. Factor and S. Ingalls and S-H. Kim
                  and R. Ladner and K. Marks and S. Nelson and
                  A. Pharaoh and R. Trimmer and J. Von Rosenberg and
                  G. Wallace and P. Weatherall},
  title = {{Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc
                  Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS}},
  journal = {Marine Geodesy},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {355--371}
}
@article{stacey00,
  title = {Kelvin's age of the Earth paradox revisited},
  author = {Stacey, Frank D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 105,
  pages = {13155--13158},
  year = 2000
}
@book{stacey08,
  author = {Stacey, F. D. and Davis, P. M.},
  title = {Physics of the Earth},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2008,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{stacey77,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {A thermal model of the {E}arth},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1977,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {341--348}
}
@incollection{stacey81,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {{Cooling of the earth -- A constraint on
                  paleotectonic hypotheses}},
  booktitle = {{Evolution of the Earth}},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1981,
  series = {Geodyn. Ser.},
  volume = 5,
  editor = {O'Connell, R. J. and Fyfe, W. S.},
  pages = {272--276},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@book{stacey92,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {Physics of the Earth},
  publisher = {Brookfield Press},
  year = 1992,
  address = {Kenmore, Australia},
  pages = 513,
  edition = {3rd}
}
@article{stacey95,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {Theory of thermal and elastic properties of the
                  lower mantle and core},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {219--245}
}
@article{stacey96,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {Thermoelasticity of ({Mg, Fe}){SiO}$_3$ perovskite
                  and a comparison with the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {65--77}
}
@article{stacey97,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {Bullen's seismological homogeneity parameter,
                  $\eta$, applied to a mixture of minerals: the case
                  of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {189--193}
}
@article{stacey98,
  author = {Stacey, F. D.},
  title = {Thermoelasticity of a mineral composite and a
                  reconsideration of lower mantle properties},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {219--236}
}
@article{stachnik04,
  author = {Stachnik, J. C. and G. A. Abers and
                  D. H. Christensen},
  title = {{Seismic attenuation and mantle wedge temperatures
                  in the Alaska subduction zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B10304},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003018}
}
@article{stadler10,
  author = {Stadler, G. and Gurnis, M. and Burstedde, C. and
                  Wilcox, L. C. and Alisic, L. and Ghattas, O.},
  title = {The Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Flow:
                  From Local to Global Scales},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 329,
  pages = {1033-1038}
}
@article{stampfli13,
  title = {The formation of {P}angea},
  author = {Stampfli, GM and Hochard, C and V{\'e}rard, C and
                  Wilhem, C and others},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 593,
  pages = {1--19},
  year = 2013
}
@article{stamps21,
  author = {D. S. Stamps and C. Kreemer and R. Fernandes and
                  T. A. Rajaonarison and G. Rambolamanana},
  title = {{Redefining East African Rift System kinematics}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2021,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {150--155}
}
@article{stanchits03,
  author = {Stanchits, S. A. and Lockner, D. A. and Ponomarev,
                  A. V.},
  title = {{Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and
                  attenuation during deformation and fluid
                  infiltration of granite}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {1803--1822}
}
@article{stanchits03b,
  author = {S. Stanchits and G. Dresen},
  title = {Separation of tensile and shear cracks based on
                  acoustic emission analysis of rock fracture},
  journal = {In Int. Symp. (NDT-CE 2003), Non-destructive Testing
                  in Civil Engineering},
  year = 2003,
  pages = {293--302}
}
@article{stanchits06,
  author = {Stanchits, S. A. and Dresen, G. and G\"{o}rg\"{u}n,
                  E.},
  title = {Ultrasonic Velocities, Acoustic Emission
                  Characteristics and Crack Damage of Basalt and
                  Granite},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {975--994}
}
@article{stanchits10,
  author = {Stanchits, S. and Dresen, G. and the {JAGUARS
                  Group}},
  title = {Formation of Faults in {Diorite} and {Quartzite}
                  Samples Extracted From a Deep Gold Mine ({South
                  Africa})},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Abstr.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 12,
  number = {EGU2010},
  pages = 5605,
  note = {EGU General Assembly}
}
@article{standish10,
  title = {{Young off-axis volcanism along the
                  ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge}},
  author = {Standish, Jared J and Sims, Kenneth WW},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {286--292},
  year = 2010
}
@inproceedings{starr,
  author = {Starr, A. T.},
  title = {Slip on a Crystal and Rupture in a Solid Due to
                  Shear},
  volume = 24,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {C}ambridge {P}hilosophical
                  {S}ociety},
  pages = {489--500},
  year = 1928
}
@article{steacy91,
  author = {Steacy, S. J. and Sammis, C. G.},
  title = {An automaton for the simulation of fractal
                  fragmentation},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 353,
  pages = {250--252}
}
@article{steedman05,
  author = {Steedman, C. E. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Okaya, D. and
                  Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Lithosphere-Scale Modeling of the {T}aiwan Orogeny
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 86,
  number = 52,
  pages = {T11B--0370}
}
@article{steedman06,
  author = {Steedman, C. E. and Kaus, B. J. P. and Becker,
                  T. W. and Okaya, D. and Wu, F. T.},
  title = {The Geodynamics of Continental Lithosphere Entering
                  a Subduction Zone (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 87,
  number = 52,
  pages = {T11F--07}
}
@article{stefanick92,
  author = {Stefanick, M. and Jurdy, D. M.},
  title = {Stress observations and driving force models for the
                  {S}outh {A}merican plate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11905--11913}
}
@article{stegman06,
  author = {Stegman, D. R. and Freeman, J. and Schellart,
                  W. P. and Moresi, L. N. and May, D.},
  title = {Influence of trench width on subduction hinge
                  retreat rates in {3-D} models of slab rollback},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001056}
}
@article{stegman10,
  author = {Stegman, D. R. and R. Farrington and F. A. Capitanio
                  and W. P. Schellart},
  title = {A regime diagram for subduction styles from {3-D}
                  numerical models of free subduction},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 483,
  pages = {29--45}
}
@article{stein04,
  author = {Stein, C. and Schmalz, J. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {The effect of rheological parameters on plate
                  behaviour in a self-consistent model of mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {225--255}
}
@article{stein12,
  author = {Stein, S. and Geller, R. J. and Liu, M.},
  title = {Why earthquake hazard maps often fail and what to do
                  about it},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 562,
  pages = {1--25}
}
@article{stein13,
  author = {Stein, C. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {{Arrhenius rheology versus Frank-Kamenetskii
                  rheology--Implications for mantle dynamics}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {2757--2770}
}
@article{stein14,
  author = {Stein, C. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {Numerical investigation of a layered
                  temperature-dependent viscosity convection in
                  comparison to convection with a full temperature
                  dependence},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 226,
  pages = {1--13}
}
@article{stein83,
  author = {Stein, R. S. and Lisowski, M.},
  title = {The 1979 {H}omestead {V}alley Earthquake Sequence,
                  {C}alifornia: {C}ontrol of Aftershocks and
                  Postseismic Deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {6477-6490},
  annote = {coulomb stress, california}
}
@article{stein92,
  author = {Stein, R. S. and King, G. C. P. and Lin, J.},
  title = {Change in failure stress on the {S}an {A}ndreas
                  fault system caused by the 1992 magnitude=7.4
                  {L}anders earthquake},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 258,
  pages = {1328--1332},
  annote = {coulomb stress, san andreas, california}
}
@article{stein92b,
  author = {Stein, C. A. and Stein, S.},
  title = {A model for the global variations in oceanic depth
                  and heat flow with lithospheric age},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 359,
  pages = {123--129}
}
@incollection{stein93,
  author = {Stein, S.},
  title = {Space geodesy and plate motions},
  booktitle = {Contributions of Space Geodesy to Geodynamics:
                  Crustal Dynamics},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1993,
  editor = {Smith, D. E. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  volume = 23,
  series = {Geodynamics},
  pages = {5--20},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{stein94,
  author = {Stein, R. S. and King, G. C. P. and Lin, J.},
  title = {Stress Triggering of the 1994 M=6.7 {N}orthridge,
                  {C}alifornia, Earthquake by its Predecessors},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 265,
  pages = {1432--1435},
  annote = {coulomb stress, northridge, california}
}
@article{stein94b,
  title = {Constraints on hydrothermal heat flux through the
                  oceanic lithosphere from global heat flow},
  author = {Stein, Carol A and Stein, Seth},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {3081--3095},
  year = 1994
}
@article{stein97,
  author = {Stein, R. S. and Barka, A. A. and Dieterich, J. H.},
  title = {Progressive failure on the {N}orth {A}natolian fault
                  since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 128,
  pages = {594--604},
  annote = {coulomb stress, north anatolian}
}
@article{stein99,
  author = {Stein, R.},
  title = {The role of stress transfer in earthquake
                  occurrence},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 402,
  pages = {605--609}
}
@book{stein99b,
  author = {Stein, M.},
  title = {Interpolation of Spatial Data, Some Theory for
                  Kriging},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = 1999,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{steinandstein97,
  author = {Stein, S. and Stein, C. A.},
  title = {Sea-floor depth and the {L}ake {W}obegon effect},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {1613--1614}
}
@article{steinberger00a,
  author = {Steinberger, B.},
  title = {Slabs in the lower mantle -- results of dynamic
                  modelling compared with tomographic images and the
                  geoid},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {241--257}
}
@article{steinberger00b,
  author = {Steinberger, B.},
  title = {Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and
                  observations for individual hotspots},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {11127--11152}
}
@incollection{steinberger00c,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Effects of mantle flow on hotspot motion},
  booktitle = {The history and dynamics of global plate motions},
  pages = {377--398},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  editor = {Richards, M. A. and Gordon, R. G. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  volume = 121,
  address = {Washington DC},
  series = {Geophys. Mono.}
}
@article{steinberger01,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Schmeling, H. and Marquart, G.},
  title = {Large-scale lithospheric stress field and topography
                  induced by global mantle circulation},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 186,
  pages = {75--91}
}
@incollection{steinberger02,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {The convective mantle flow signal in rates of true
                  polar wander},
  booktitle = {Ice Sheets, Sea-Level and the Dynamic Earth
                  Geodynamic Series},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Unions},
  year = 2002,
  editor = {Mitrovica, J. and Vermeersen, L.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {233--256},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{steinberger04,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Sutherland, R. and O'Connell,
                  R. J.},
  title = {Prediction of {E}mperor-{H}awaii seamount locations
                  from a revised model of global plate motion and
                  mantle flow},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 430,
  pages = {167--173}
}
@article{steinberger06,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Calderwood, A.},
  title = {Models of large-scale viscous flow in the {E}arth's
                  mantle with constraints from mineral physics and
                  surface observations},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 167,
  pages = {1461--1481}
}
@article{steinberger06b,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Antretter, M.},
  title = {Conduit diameter and buoyant hot rising speed of
                  mantle plumes: {I}mplications for the motion of hot
                  spots and shape of plume conduits},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2006GC001409},
  number = {Q11018}
}
@article{steinberger08,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and T. H. Torsvik},
  title = {Absolute plate motions and true polar wander in the
                  absence of hotspot tracks},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 452,
  pages = {620--623}
}
@article{steinberger10,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and T. H. Torsvik},
  title = {Toward an explanation for the present and past
                  locations of the poles},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 11,
  number = {Q06W06},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002889}
}
@article{steinberger10b,
  title = {Deep versus shallow origin of gravity anomalies,
                  topography and volcanism on {Earth, Venus and Mars}},
  author = {Steinberger, Bernhard and Werner, Stephanie C and
                  Torsvik, Trond H},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 207,
  pages = {564--577},
  year = 2010
}
@article{steinberger12,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Torsvik, T. H. and Becker,
                  T. W.},
  title = {Subduction to the lower mantle - a comparison
                  between geodynamic and tomographic models},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {415--432}
}
@article{steinberger12b,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Torsvik, T. H.},
  title = {A geodynamic model of plumes from the margins of
                  Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q01W09},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003808}
}
@article{steinberger16,
  author = {Steinberger, B. },
  title = {Topography caused by mantle density variations:
                  observation-based estimates and models derived from
                  tomography and lithosphere thickness},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 205,
  pages = {604--621}
}
@article{steinberger16b,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {A comparison of lithospheric thickness models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2016,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.001}
}
@article{steinberger18,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {A comparison of lithospheric thickness models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 746,
  pages = {325--338}
}
@article{steinberger19,
  title = {On the amplitude of dynamic topography at spherical
                  harmonic degree two},
  author = {Steinberger, Bernhard and Conrad, Clinton P and
                  Tutu, Anthony Osei and Hoggard, Mark J},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 760,
  pages = {221--228},
  year = 2019
}
@article{steinberger19b,
  title = {Yellowstone plume conduit tilt caused by large-scale
                  mantle flow},
  author = {Steinberger, B and Nelson, PL and Grand, SP and
                  Wang, W},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {5896--5912},
  year = 2019
}
@phdthesis{steinberger96,
  author = {Steinberger, B.},
  title = {Motion of hotspots and changes of the {E}arth's
                  rotation axis caused by a convecting mantle},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Cambridge MA}
}
@article{steinberger97,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Changes of the {E}arth's rotation axis owing to
                  advection of mantle density heterogeneities},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 387,
  pages = {169--173}
}
@article{steinberger98,
  author = {Steinberger, B. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Advection of plumes in mantle flow: implications for
                  hotspot motion, mantle viscosity, and plume
                  distribution},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {412--434}
}
@article{steinc92,
  author = {Stein, C. A. and Stein, S.},
  title = {A model for the global variation in oceanic depth
                  and heat flow with lithospheric age},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 359,
  pages = {123--129}
}
@article{steiner07,
  author = {Steiner, S. A. and Conrad, C. P.},
  title = {Does active mantle upwelling help drive plate
                  motions?},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {103--114}
}
@article{steltenpohl1988,
  author = {Steltenpohl, M. G. and Bartley, J. M.},
  title = {{Cross folds and back folds in the Ofoten-Tysfjord
                  area, north Norway, and their significance for
                  Caledonian tectonics}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {140--151},
  year = 1988
}
@article{stern02,
  author = {Stern, R. J.},
  title = {Subduction zones},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 40,
  number = 1012,
  doi = {10.1029/2001RG000108}
}
@article{stern02b,
  author = {Stern, D. P.},
  title = {A millennium of geomagnetism},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 40,
  doi = {10.1029/2000RG000097}
}
@article{stern04,
  author = {Stern, C. R.},
  title = {Active {A}ndean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic
                  setting },
  journal = {Revista Geol{\'{o}}gica de Chile},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {161--206}
}
@article{stern04b,
  title = {Subduction initiation: spontaneous and induced},
  author = {Stern, Robert J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 226,
  pages = {275--292},
  year = 2004
}
@article{stern05,
  title = {{Evidence from ophiolites, blueschists, and
                  ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terranes that the
                  modern episode of subduction tectonics began in
                  Neoproterozoic time}},
  author = {Stern, Robert J},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 33,
  pages = {557--560},
  year = 2005
}
@article{stern15,
  author = {T. A. Stern and S. A. Henrys and D. Okaya and
                  J. N. Louie and M. K. Savage and S. Lamb and H. Sato
                  and R. Sutherland and T. Iwasak},
  title = {A seismic reflection image for the base of a
                  tectonic plate},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 518,
  pages = {85--88}
}
@article{stern18,
  title = {Subduction initiation in nature and models: {A}
                  review},
  author = {Stern, Robert J and Gerya, Taras},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {173--198},
  year = 2018
}
@article{stern92,
  title = {{Subduction zone infancy: examples from the Eocene
                  Izu-Bonin-Mariana and Jurassic California arcs}},
  author = {Stern, Robert J and Bloomer, Sherman H},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {1621--1636},
  year = 1992
}
@article{stern94,
  author = {Stern, T. A. and Holt, W. E.},
  title = {Platform subsidence behind an active subduction
                  zone},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 368,
  pages = {233--236}
}
@article{sternai16,
  author = {Sternai, P. and Avouac, J.-P. and Jolivet, L. and
                  Faccenna, C. and Gerya, T. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Menant, A.},
  title = {{Sub-crustal forcing on the tectonics and topography
                  along the eastern Tibetan margin}},
  journal = {J. Geodyn},
  year = 2016,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jog.2016.02.009}
}
@article{sternai19,
  title = {{Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating
                  mechanisms and models of their relative
                  contributions}},
  author = {Sternai, Pietro and Sue, Christian and Husson,
                  Laurent and Serpelloni, Enrico and Becker, Thorsten
                  W and Willett, Sean D and Faccenna, Claudio and Di
                  Giulio, Andrea and Spada, Giorgio and Jolivet,
                  Laurent and others},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 190,
  pages = {589--604},
  year = 2019
}
@article{stevenson03,
  title = {Planetary magnetic fields},
  author = {Stevenson, David J},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 208,
  pages = {1--11},
  year = 2003
}
@article{stevenson08,
  author = {Stevenson, D. J.},
  title = {{A planetary perspective on the deep Earth}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 451,
  pages = {261--265}
}
@article{stevenson72,
  author = {Stevenson, D. J. and Turner, J. S.},
  title = {Angle of subduction},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 270,
  pages = {334--336}
}
@article{stevenson83,
  title = {Magnetism and thermal evolution of the terrestrial
                  planets},
  author = {Stevenson, D J and Spohn, T and Schubert, G},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 54,
  pages = {466--489},
  year = 1983
}
@article{stevenson87,
  title = {{Limits on lateral density and velocity variations
                  in the Earth's outer core}},
  author = {Stevenson, DJ},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {311--319},
  year = 1987
}
@article{stevenson89,
  author = {D. J. Stevenson},
  title = {Spontaneous small-scale melt segregation in partial
                  melts undergoing deformation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1067--1070}
}
@incollection{stevenson89b,
  author = {Stevenson, D. J.},
  title = {Formation and Early Evolution of the {E}arth},
  booktitle = {Mantle convection: {P}late tectonics and global
                  dynamics},
  publisher = {Gordon and Breach Science Pub.},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Peltier, W. R.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Fluid Mech. Astrophys. Geophys.},
  pages = {865--868},
  address = {New York, NY}
}
@article{stiernstrom23,
  title = {Adjoint-based inversion for stress and frictional
                  parameters in earthquake modeling},
  author = {Stiernstr{\"o}m, Vidar and Almquist, Martin and
                  Dunham, Eric M},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.12279},
  year = 2023
}
@article{stipp03,
  title = {The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz},
  author = {Stipp, Michael and Tullis, Jan},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 30,
  number = 21,
  year = 2003
}
@article{stirling96,
  author = {Stirling, M. W. and Wesnousky, S. G. and Shimazaki,
                  K.},
  title = {Fault trace complexity, cumulative slip, and the
                  shape of the magnitude-frequency distribution for
                  strike-slip faults: a global survey},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {833--868}
}
@article{stix03,
  author = {Stix, J. and G. D. Layne and S. N. Williams},
  title = {{Mechanisms of degassing at Nevado del Ruiz volcano,
                  Colombia}},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. London},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {507--521}
}
@article{stixrude05,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Thermodynamics of mantle minerals {I}: Physical
                  properties},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 162,
  pages = {610--632}
}
@article{stixrude05b,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Mineralogy and elasticity of the upper mantle:
                  Origin of the low velocity zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB002965}
}
@article{stixrude07,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Influence of phase transformations on lateral
                  heterogeneity and dynamics in {Earth's} mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 263,
  pages = {45--55}
}
@article{stixrude10,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Thermodynamics of the {Earth's} Mantle},
  journal = {Rev. Mineral. Geochem.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 71,
  pages = {465--484}
}
@article{stixrude11,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Thermodynamics of mantle minerals: {II}. {P}hase
                  equilibria},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {1180--1213}
}
@article{stixrude12,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Geophysics of Chemical Heterogeneity in the Mantle},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {569--595}
}
@article{stixrude22,
  author = {Stixrude, L. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {Thermal expansivity, heat capacity and bulk modulus
                  of the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 228,
  pages = {1119--1149}
}
@article{stock98,
  author = {Stock, J. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Uncertainties and implications of the late
                  {C}retaceous and {T}ertiary position of {N}orth
                  {A}merica relative to the {F}arallon, {K}ula, and
                  {P}acific plates},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1339--1384}
}
@incollection{stocker13,
  author = {T. F. Stocker and T.F. and D. Qin and G.-K. Plattner
                  and L.V. Alexander and S.K. Allen and N.L. Bindoff
                  and F.-M. Bréon and J.A. Church and U. Cubasch,
                  S. Emori and P. Forster and P. Friedlingstein and
                  N. Gillett and J.M. Gregory and D.L. Hartmann and
                  E. Jansen and B. Kirtman and R. Knutti and K.
                  Krishna Kumar and P. Lemke and J. Marotzke and
                  V. Masson-Delmotte and G.A. Meehl and I.I. Mokhov
                  and S. Piao and V. Ramaswamy and D.  Randall and
                  M. Rhein and M. Rojas and C. Sabine and D. Shindell
                  and L.D. Talley and D.G. Vaughan and S.-P. Xie},
  title = {Technical Summary},
  booktitle = {{Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science
                  Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
                  Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
                  Climate Change}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2013,
  editor = {T. F. Stocker and D. Qin and G.-K. Plattner and
                  M. Tignor and S.K. Allen and J. Boschung and
                  A. Nauels and Y. Xia and V. Bex and P.M. Midgley},
  pages = {33--115},
  address = {Cambridge UK}
}
@article{stocker73,
  author = {Stocker, R. L. and Ashby, M. F.},
  title = {On the empirical constants in the {D}orn equation},
  journal = {Scripta Met.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {115--120}
}
@article{stoddard96,
  author = {Stoddard, P. R. and Abbott, D.},
  title = {{I}nfluence of the tectosphere upon plate motion},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {5425--5433},
  annotate = {tectosphere, plate motion, thick lithosphere,
                  high-viscosity regions, asthenosphere, continental
                  plates, slow-moving convective boundary layer, rapid
                  mantle convection, hypotheses, }
}
@article{stokes51,
  author = {Stokes, G. G.},
  title = {On the Effect of the Internal Friction of Fluids on
                  the Motion of Pendulums},
  journal = {Cambridge Philos. Trans.},
  year = 1851,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {8--106}
}
@incollection{stolar06,
  author = {Stolar, Drew B. and Willett, Sean D. and Roe, Gerard
                  H.},
  title = {{Climatic and tectonic forcing of a critical
                  orogen}},
  booktitle = {{Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution}},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  editor = {Willett, S.D. and Hovius, N. and Brandon, M.T. and
                  Fisher, D.M.},
  year = 2006,
  pages = {241--250},
  doi = {10.1130/2006.2398(14)}
}
@article{stone00,
  author = {Stone, J. O.},
  title = {Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {23753--23759}
}
@article{stone18,
  title = {Catalog of Offshore Seismicity in {C}ascadia:
                  {I}nsights Into the Regional Distribution of
                  Microseismicity and Its Relation to Subduction
                  Processes},
  author = {Stone, Ian and Vidale, John E. and Han, Shuoshuo and
                  Roland, Emily},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {641--652},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@article{storchak13,
  title = {Public release of the {ISC--GEM} global instrumental
                  earthquake catalogue (1900--2009)},
  author = {Storchak, Dmitry A and Di Giacomo, Domenico and
                  Bond{\'a}r, Istv{\'a}n and Engdahl, E Robert and
                  Harris, James and Lee, William HK and
                  Villase{\~n}or, Antonio and Bormann, Peter},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {810--815},
  year = 2013
}
@article{storey95,
  author = {Storey, B. C.},
  title = {The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup:
                  case histories from {G}ondwanaland},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 377,
  pages = {301--308}
}
@article{storti00,
  author = {Storti, F. and Salvini, F. and McClay, K.},
  title = {Synchronous and velocity-partitioned thrusting and
                  thrust polarity reversal in experimentally produced,
                  doubly-vergent thrust wedges: {I}mplications for
                  natural orogens},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {378--396}
}
@article{storti03,
  title = {Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts},
  author = {Storti, Fabrizio and Holdsworth, Robert E and
                  Salvini, Francesco},
  journal = {Geological Society, London, Special Publications},
  volume = 210,
  pages = {1--14},
  year = 2003
}
@article{stracke03,
  title = {{Recycling oceanic crust: Quantitative constraints}},
  author = {Stracke, Andreas and Bizimis, Michael and Salters,
                  Vincent JM},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 4,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000223},
  number = 3,
  year = 2003
}
@article{stracke22,
  author = {Stracke, A. and Willig, M. and Genske, F. and
                  Béguelin, P. and Todd, E.},
  title = {Chemical Geodynamics Insights From a Machine
                  Learning Approach},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {e2022GC010606},
  year = 2022
}
@article{straume19,
  author = {Straume, E. O. and Gaina, C. and Medvedev, S. and
                  Hochmuth, K. and Gohl, K. and Whittaker, J. M. and
                  Abdul Fattah, R. and Doornenbal, J. C. and Hopper,
                  J. R.},
  title = {{GlobSed: Updated Total Sediment Thickness in the
                  World's Oceans}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {1756--1772},
  year = 2019
}
@article{strecker07,
  title = {{Tectonics and climate of the southern central
                  Andes}},
  author = {Strecker, MR and Alonso, RN and Bookhagen, B and
                  Carrapa, B and Hilley, GE and Sobel, ER and Trauth,
                  MH},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 35,
  pages = {747--787},
  year = 2007
}
@book{strogatz94,
  author = {Strogatz,S. H.},
  title = {Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = 1994,
  address = {Reading, MA}
}
@article{strutt16,
  author = {Strutt (Lord Rayleigh), J. W.},
  title = {On convection currents in a horizontal layer of
                  fluid, when the higher temperature is on the under
                  side},
  journal = {London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci.},
  year = 1916,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {529--546}
}
@article{stuart86,
  author = {Stuart, W. D.},
  title = {Forecast Model for Large and Great Earthquakes in
                  {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {13771--13786}
}
@article{student08,
  author = {Gosset, W. S.},
  title = {The probable error of a mean},
  journal = {Biometrika},
  year = 1908,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1--25}
}
@article{styron10,
  author = {Styron, R. and Taylor, M.  and Okoronkwo, K.},
  title = {{Database of active structures from the Indo-Asian
                  collision (abstract)}},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 91,
  number = 20
}
@article{styron11,
  author = {Styron, R. and M. Taylor and M. Murphy},
  title = {{Oblique convergence, arc parallel extension, and
                  strike-slip faulting in the high Himalaya}},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {1--15}
}
@article{styron20,
  author = {Styron, Richard and Pagani, Marco},
  title = {{The GEM Global Active Faults Database}},
  journal = {Earthquake Spec.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {160--180}
}
@article{su24,
  title = {Detections of ultralow velocity zones in
                  high-velocity lowermost mantle linked to subducted
                  slabs},
  author = {Su, Yulong and Ni, Sidao and Zhang, Baolong and
                  Chen, Yulin and Wu, Wenbo and Li, Mingming and Sun,
                  Heping and Hou, Mingqiang and Cui, Xiaoming and Sun,
                  Daoyuan},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  pages = {1--8},
  doi = {10.1038/s41561-024-01394-5},
  year = 2024
}
@article{su91,
  author = {Su, W.-j. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Predominance of long-wavelength heterogeneity in the
                  mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 352,
  pages = {121--126}
}
@article{su92,
  author = {Su, W.-j. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {On the scale of mantle heterogeneity},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 74,
  pages = {29--45}
}
@article{su94,
  author = {Su, W.-j. and Woodward, R. L. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski,
                  A. M.},
  title = {Degree 12 model of shear velocity heterogeneity in
                  the mantle },
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {6945--6980}
}
@article{su97,
  author = {Su, W.-j. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Simultaneous inversion for 3-{D} variations in shear
                  and bulk velocity in the mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {135--156}
}
@book{subversion,
  author = {Pilato, C. M. and Collins-Sussman, B. and
                  Fitzpatrick, B. W.},
  title = {Version Control with Subversion},
  publisher = {O'Reilly Media},
  year = 2004
}
@article{suckale08,
  author = {Suckale, J. and J.-C. Nave and B. H. Hager},
  title = {It takes three to tango 1: Simulating
                  buoyancy-driven flow in the presence of large
                  viscosity contrasts},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B7},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006916}
}
@book{suess85,
  author = {Suess, E.},
  title = {Das Antlitz der Erde},
  publisher = {Freytag},
  year = 1885,
  address = {Leipzig}
}
@article{sugioka12,
  title = {Tsunamigenic potential of the shallow subduction
                  plate boundary inferred from slow seismic slip},
  author = {Sugioka, Hiroko and Okamoto, Taro and Nakamura,
                  Takeshi and Ishihara, Yasushi and Ito, Aki and
                  Obana, Koichiro and Kinoshita, Masataka and
                  Nakahigashi, Kazuo and Shinohara, Masanao and Fukao,
                  Yoshio},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {414--418},
  year = 2012
}
@article{sugiyama94,
  title = {{Neotectonics of southwest Japan due to the
                  right-oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea
                  plate}},
  author = {Sugiyama, Yuichi},
  journal = {Geofisica Inter.},
  volume = 33,
  year = 1994
}
@incollection{suhadolc89,
  author = {Suhadolc, P. and Panza, G. F.},
  title = {Physical properties of the lithosphere-asthenosphere
                  system in {E}urope from geophysical data},
  booktitle = {The Lithosphere in Italy. Advances in Science
                  Research},
  pages = {15--40},
  publisher = {Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei},
  year = 1989,
  editor = {Boriani, A. and Bonafede, M. and Piccardo, G. B. and
                  Vai, G. B.},
  address = {Rome}
}
@article{suito09,
  author = {Suito, Hisashi and Freymueller, Jeffrey T},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  title = {A viscoelastic and afterslip postseismic deformation
                  model for the {1964 Alaska} earthquake},
  number = {B11404},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005954},
  volume = 114,
  year = 2009
}
@article{suito11,
  author = {H. Suito and T. Nishimura and M. Tobita and
                  T. Imakiire and S. Ozawa},
  title = {{Interplate fault slip along the Japan Trench before
                  the occurrence of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of
                  Tohoku Earthquake as inferred from GPS data}},
  journal = {Earth Planets Space},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 63,
  pages = {615--619}
}
@article{summeren12,
  author = {van Summeren, J. and Conrad, C. P. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.},
  title = {The Importance of Slab Pull and a Global
                  Asthenosphere to Plate Motions},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 13,
  number = {Q0AK03},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003873}
}
@article{sun02,
  author = {Sun, W. and Okubo, S.},
  title = {Effects of earth's spherical curvature and radial
                  heterogeneity in dislocation studies--for a point
                  dislocation},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 29,
  number = {10.1029/2001GL014497}
}
@article{sun11,
  author = {Sun, D. and Helmberger, D.},
  title = {Upper-mantle structure beneath {USArray} derived
                  from waveform complexity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {416--438}
}
@article{sun14,
  author = {Sun, D. and Miller, M. S. and Holt, A. F. and
                  Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Hot upwelling conduit beneath the Atlas Mountains,
                  Morocco}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {8037--8044}
}
@article{sun14b,
  author = {T. Sun and K. Wang and T. Iinuma and R. Hino and
                  J. He and H. Fujimoto and M. Kido and Y. Osada and
                  S. Miura and Y. Ohta and Y. Hu},
  title = {{Prevalence of viscoelastic relaxation after the
                  2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 514,
  pages = {84--87}
}
@article{sun15,
  author = {T. Sun and K. Wang},
  title = {Viscoelastic relaxation following subduction
                  earthquakes and its effects on afterslip
                  determination},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {1329--1344}
}
@article{sun17,
  author = {Sun, D. and Gurnis, M. and Saleeby, J. and
                  Helmberger, D.},
  title = {{A dipping, thick segment of the Farallon Slab
                  beneath central U.S.}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {2911--2928},
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013915}
}
@article{sun18,
  author = {Sun, T. and Wang, K. and He, J.},
  title = {Crustal deformation following great subduction
                  earthquakes controlled by earthquake size and mantle
                  rheology},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {5323--5345}
}
@article{sun20,
  title = {Mechanical and hydrological effects of seamount
                  subduction on megathrust stress and slip},
  author = {Sun, Tianhaozhe and Saffer, Demian and Ellis, Susan},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {249--255},
  year = 2020
}
@article{sundberg08,
  author = {Sundberg, M. and Cooper, R. F.},
  title = {Crystallographic preferred orientation produced by
                  diffusional creep of harzburgite: {E}ffects of
                  chemical interactions among phases during plastic
                  flow},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B12208},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005618}
}
@article{sundell11,
  author = {Sundell, K. and M. Taylor and D. Stockli and P. Kapp
                  and R. Styron and D. Lin},
  title = {{Late Miocene -- Pliocene rifting in western Tibet:
                  Evidence from (U-Th)/He thermochronology of the
                  North Lunggar Rift}},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = {in prep}
}
@article{sung92,
  author = {Sung, L. Y. and Jackson, D. D.},
  title = {Crustal and uppermost mantle structure under
                  southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 82,
  pages = {934--961},
  year = 1992
}
@article{sutton86,
  author = {Sutton, M. A. and Cheng, M. and Peters, W. H. and
                  Chao, Y. J. and McNeill, S. R.},
  title = {Application of an optimized digital correlation
                  method to planar deformation analysis},
  journal = {Image Vis. Comp.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {143--151}
}
@article{suwa06,
  author = {Y. Suwa and S. Miura an A. Hasegawa and T. Sato and
                  K. Tachibana},
  title = {{Interplate coupling beneath NE Japan inferred from
                  three-dimensional displacement field}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B04402},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003203}
}
@article{svetlizky14,
  title = {Classical shear cracks drive the onset of dry
                  frictional motion},
  volume = 509,
  journal = {Nature},
  author = {Svetlizky, Ilya and Fineberg, Jay},
  year = 2014,
  pages = {205--208}
}
@incollection{sykes,
  author = {Sykes, L. R. and Quitt\-meyer, R. C.},
  title = {Repeat Times of Great Earthquakes on Simple Plate
                  Boundaries},
  booktitle = {Third Maurice Ewing Symposium on Earthquake
                  Predictions},
  publisher = {AGU},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {Simpson, D. W. and Richards, P.G.},
  volume = 4,
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{sykes71,
  author = {Sykes, L.R.},
  title = {Aftershock sequences of great earthquakes,
                  seismicity gaps, and erathquake prediction for
                  {A}laska and {A}leutians},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {8021--8041}
}
@article{sykes78,
  author = {Sykes, L. R.},
  title = {Intraplate seismicity, reactivation of preexisting
                  zones of weakness, alkaline magmatism, and other
                  tectonism postdating continental fragmentation},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {621--688}
}
@incollection{sykes81,
  author = {Sykes, L. R. and Kisslinger, J. and House, L. and
                  Davies, J. and Jakob, K. H.},
  title = {Rupture zones and repeat times of great earthquakes
                  along the {A}laska-{A}leutian arc},
  booktitle = {Earthquake Prediction, an International Review},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1981,
  editor = {Simpson, D. and Richards, P.},
  volume = 4,
  series = {Maurice Ewing},
  pages = {217--247},
  address = {Washington DC}
}
@article{sykes90,
  author = {Sykes, L. R. and S. C. Jaum{\'{e}}},
  title = {Seismic activity on neighboring faults as a
                  long-term precursor to large earthquakes in the {San
                  Francisco} bay region},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 348,
  pages = {595--599}
}
@article{sykes99,
  author = {Sykes, L. R. and Shaw, B. E. and Scholz, C. H.},
  title = {Rethinking Earthquake Prediction},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 155,
  pages = {207--232}
}
@article{sylvester88,
  title = {Strike-slip faults},
  author = {Sylvester, Arthur G},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 100,
  pages = {1666--1703},
  year = 1988
}
@article{syracuse06,
  title = {Global compilation of variations in slab depth
                  beneath arc volcanoes and implications},
  author = {Syracuse, Ellen M and Abers, Geoffrey A},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 7,
  number = {Q05017},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001045},
  year = 2006
}
@article{syracuse10,
  author = {Syracuse, E. and van Keken, P. and Abers, G. A.},
  title = {The global range of subduction zone thermal models},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {73--90}
}
@article{szeliga08,
  title = {{GPS constraints on 34 slow slip events within the
                  Cascadia subduction zone, 1997--2005}},
  author = {Szeliga, Walter and Melbourne, T and Santillan,
                  Marcelo and Miller, Meghan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B04404},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB004948},
  year = 2008
}
@misc{szo,
  title = {{IRIS Subduction Zone Observatory Initiative}},
  year = 2016,
  howpublished = {Online at
                  \url{www.iris.edu/hq/initiatives/subduction-zone-observatory},
                  accessed 11/2016}
}
@article{taboada00,
  author = {Taboada, A. and Rivera, L. A. and Fuenzalida, A. and
                  Cisternas, A. and Herve, P. and Bijwaard, H. and
                  Olaya, J. and Rivera, C.},
  title = {{Geodynamics of the northern Andes: Subductions and
                  intracontinental deformation (Colombia)}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {787--813}
}
@article{tackley00a,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in
                  time-dependent, three-dimensional mantle convection
                  simulations 1. {P}seudoplastic yielding},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 1,
  number = 1021,
  doi = {10.1029/2000GC000036}
}
@article{tackley00b,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in
                  time-dependent, three-dimensional mantle convection
                  simulations 2. {S}train weakening and asthenosphere},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 1,
  number = 1026,
  doi = {10.1029/2000GC000043}
}
@article{tackley00c,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Mantle convection and plate tectonics: Toward an
                  integrated physical and chemical theory},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 288,
  pages = {2002--2007}
}
@incollection{tackley00d,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  editor = {Richards, M. and Gordon, R. and van der Hilst,
                  R. D.},
  booktitle = {The History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motions},
  title = {The quest for self-consistent incorporation of plate
                  tectonics in mantle convection},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 121,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{tackley02,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Strong heterogeneity caused by deep mantle layering},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2002,
  number = 1024,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000167},
  volume = 3
}
@article{tackley03,
  author = {Tackley, P. J. and King, S. D.},
  title = {Testing the tracer ratio method for modeling active
                  compositional fields in mantle convection
                  simulations},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 4,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000214}
}
@incollection{tackley07,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Mantle Geochemical Geodynamics},
  booktitle = {Treatise on Geophysics Volume 7: Mantle Dynamics},
  pages = {437--505},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {D. Bercovici and G. Schubert}
}
@article{tackley08,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Modelling compressible mantle convection with large
                  viscosity contrasts in a three-dimensional spherical
                  shell using the yin-yang grid},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {7--18}
}
@article{tackley93,
  author = {Tackley, P. J. and Stevenson, D. J. and Glatzmaier,
                  G. A. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670~km
                  depth in a spherical model of convection in the
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {699--704}
}
@article{tackley94,
  author = {Tackley, P. J. and Stevenson, D. J. and Glatzmaier,
                  G. A. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Effects of multiple phase transitions in a
                  three-dimensional spherical model of convection in
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15877--15901}
}
@inproceedings{tackley95,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical models of mantle
                  convection; recent developments (abstract)},
  series = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  booktitle = {AGU fall meeting 1995},
  year = 1995,
  organization = {AGU}
}
@article{tackley95b,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {On the penetration of an endothermic phase
                  transition by upwellings and downwellings},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {15477--15488}
}
@article{tackley96,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Effects of strongly variable viscosity on
                  three-dimensional compressible convection in
                  planetary mantles},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {3311--3332}
}
@article{tackley96b,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {On the ability of phase transitions and viscosity
                  layering to induce long-wavelength heterogeneity in
                  the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1985--1988}
}
@article{tackley98,
  author = {Tackley, P. J.},
  title = {Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in
                  three-dimensional mantle convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {9--22}
}
@article{tajika92,
  title = {Evolution of terrestrial proto-CO2 atmosphere
                  coupled with thermal history of the earth},
  author = {Tajika, Eiichi and Matsui, Takafumi},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {251--266},
  year = 1992
}
@article{takagi16,
  title = {Slow slip event within a gap between tremor and
                  locked zones in the Nankai subduction zone},
  author = {Takagi, Ryota and Obara, Kazushige and Maeda,
                  Takuto},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {1066--1074},
  year = 2016
}
@article{takei09c,
  author = {Takei, Y. and Holtzman, B. K.},
  title = {Viscous constitutive relations of solid-liquid
                  composites in terms of grain boundary contiguity:
                  3. {C}auses and consequences of viscous anisotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B06207},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005852}
}
@incollection{takei13,
  author = {Takei, Y.},
  title = {Elasticity, Anelasticity, and Viscosity of a
                  Partially Molten Rock},
  booktitle = {Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 2013,
  editor = {S.-i. Karato},
  pages = {66--93}
}
@article{takei17,
  author = {Takei, Y.},
  title = {Effects of Partial Melting on Seismic Velocity and
                  Attenuation: {A} New Insight from Experiments},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {447--470}
}
@article{takei94,
  author = {Takei, Y. and Kumazawa, M.},
  title = {Why have the single force and torque been excluded
                  from seismic source models?},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {20--30}
}
@article{takemura16,
  author = {S. Takemura and K. Shiomi and T. Kimura and
                  T. Saito},
  title = {Systematic difference between first-motion and
                  waveform-inversion solutions for shallow offshore
                  earthquakes due to a low-angle dipping slab},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 68,
  doi = {10.1186/s40623-016-0527-9}
}
@article{takeo13,
  author = {A. Takeo and K. Nishida and T. Isse and H. Kawakatsu
                  and H. Shiobara and H. Sugioka and T. Kanazawa},
  title = {Radially anisotropic structure beneath the {S}hikoku
                  {B}asin from broadband surface wave analysis of
                  ocean bottom seismometer records},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {2878--2892},
  doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50219}
}
@article{takeo14,
  author = {A. Takeo and D. W. Forsyth and D. S. Weeraratne and
                  K. Nishida},
  title = {{Estimation of azimuthal anisotropy in the NW
                  Pacific from seismic ambient noise in seafloor
                  records}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {11--22}
}
@article{takeo16,
  author = {A. Takeo and H. Kawakatsu and T. Isse and K. Nishida
                  and H. Sugioka and A. Ito and H. Shiobara and
                  D. Suetsugu},
  title = {{Seismic azimuthal anisotropy in the oceanic
                  lithosphere and asthenosphere from broadband
                  surface-wave analysis of OBS array records at 60 Ma
                  seafloor}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {1927--1947},
  doi = {10.1002/2015JB012429}
}
@article{takeo18,
  author = {A. Takeo and H. Kawakatsu and T. Isse and K. Nishida
                  and H. Shiobara and H. Sugioka and A. Ito and
                  H. Utada},
  title = {In Situ Characterization of the
                  Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System beneath {NW
                  Pacific} Ocean Via Broadband Dispersion Survey With
                  Two {OBS} Arrays},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {3529--3539}
}
@article{takeuchi07,
  author = {Takeuchi, N.},
  title = {Whole mantle {SH} velocity model constrained by
                  waveform inversion based on three-dimensional {B}orn
                  kernels},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 169,
  pages = {1153--1163}
}
@article{takeuchi12,
  author = {Takeuchi, T. S. and Fialko, Y.},
  title = {Dynamic models of interseismic deformation and
                  stress transfer from plate motion to continental
                  transform faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 117,
  number = {B05403},
  doi = {10.1029/2011JB009056}
}
@article{takeuchi63,
  author = {Takeuchi, H.},
  title = {Time scales of isostatic compensation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 68,
  pages = 2357
}
@article{takeuchi65,
  author = {Takeuchi, H. and Hasegawa, Y.},
  title = {{Viscosity distribution within the Earth}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {503--508}
}
@article{tal18,
  title = {The effects of fault roughness on the earthquake
                  nucleation process},
  author = {Tal, Yuval and Hager, Bradford H and Ampuero, Jean
                  Paul},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {437--456},
  year = 2018
}
@article{tamisiea14,
  title = {Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the
                  ocean},
  author = {Tamisiea, Mark E and Hughes, Chris W and Williams,
                  Simon DP and Bingley, Richard M},
  journal = {Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 372,
  pages = 20130336,
  year = 2014
}
@article{tan02,
  author = {Tan, E. and Gurnis, M. and Han, L.},
  title = {Slabs in the lower mantle and their modulation of
                  plume formation},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 3,
  number = 1067,
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000238}
}
@article{tan04,
  author = {Tan, E. and Chol, E. and Thoutireddy, P. and Lavier,
                  L. L. and Quenette, S. and Tan. E. and Gurnis,
                  M. and Aivazis, M.},
  title = {{GeoFramework}: Coupling multiple models of mantle
                  convection within a computational framework
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 85,
  number = 47,
  note = {{SF41A-0752}}
}
@article{tan06,
  author = {Tan, E. and Choi, E. and Thoutireddy, P. and Gurnis,
                  M. and Aivazis, M.},
  title = {{GeoFramework: Coupling multiple models of mantle
                  convection within a computational framework}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 7,
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001155}
}
@article{tan97,
  author = {Tan, B. H. and Jackson, I. and {Fitz Gerald}, J. D.},
  title = {Shear wave dispersion and attenuation in
                  fine-grained synthetic olivine aggregates:
                  preliminary results},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {1055--1058}
}
@article{tanaka06,
  author = {Tanaka, Y. and Okuno, J. and Okubo, S.},
  title = {{A new method for the computation of global
                  viscoelastic post-seismic deformation in a realistic
                  earth model (I)—vertical displacement and gravity
                  variation}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {273--289}
}
@article{tang13,
  author = {Tang, Genyang and Barton, Penny J. and McNeill, Lisa
                  C. and Henstock, Timothy J. and Tilmann, Frederik
                  and Dean, Simon M. and Jusuf, Muhammad D. and
                  Djajadihardja, Yusuf S. and Permana, Haryadi and
                  Klingelhoefer, Frauke and Kopp, Heidrun},
  title = {{3-D active source tomography around Simeulue Island
                  offshore Sumatra: Thick crustal zone responsible for
                  earthquake segment boundary}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {48--53},
  year = 2013
}
@article{tang14,
  title = {Changbaishan volcanism in northeast {China} linked
                  to subduction-induced mantle upwelling},
  author = {Tang, Youcai and Obayashi, Masayuki and Niu, Fenglin
                  and Grand, Stephen P and Chen, Yongshun John and
                  Kawakatsu, Hitoshi and Tanaka, Satoru and Ning,
                  Jieyuan and Ni, James F},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 7,
  pages = {470--475},
  year = 2014
}
@article{tang16,
  title = {Archean upper crust transition from mafic to felsic
                  marks the onset of plate tectonics},
  author = {Tang, Ming and Chen, Kang and Rudnick, Roberta L},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 351,
  pages = {372--375},
  year = 2016
}
@article{tanimoto04,
  author = {Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {The azimuthal dependence of surface wave
                  polarization in a slightly anisotropic medium},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {73--78}
}
@article{tanimoto84,
  author = {Tanimoto, T. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Mapping convection in the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {287--290}
}
@article{tanimoto85a,
  author = {Tanimoto, T. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Lateral heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy of
                  the upper mantle: {L}ove and {R}ayleigh waves
                  100--250~s},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {1842--1858}
}
@article{tanimoto85b,
  author = {Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Free oscillations of a slightly anisotropic Earth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {493--517}
}
@article{tanimoto86,
  author = {Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {The {B}ackus-{G}ilbert approach to the {3-D}
                  structure in the upper mantle--{II}. {SH} and {SV}
                  velocity},
  journal = {Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {49--69}
}
@article{tanioka97,
  author = {Y. Tanioka and L. Ruff and K. Satake},
  title = {{What controls the lateral variation of large
                  earthquake occurrence along the Japan Trench?}},
  journal = {Island Arc},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 6,
  pages = {261--266}
}
@article{tao18,
  title = {Seismic structure of the upper mantle beneath
                  {Eastern Asia} from full waveform seismic
                  tomography},
  author = {Tao, Kai and Grand, Stephen P and Niu, Fenglin},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {2732--2763},
  year = 2018
}
@phdthesis{tao91,
  author = {Tao, W. C.},
  title = {Ablative subduction and the dynamics of weak slabs},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = 1991,
  address = {Cambridge, MA}
}
@article{tao92,
  author = {Tao, W. C. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Ablative Subduction: A Two-Sided Alternative to the
                  Conventional Subduction Model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {8877--8904}
}
@article{tao92b,
  author = {Tao, W. C. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Back-arc spreading and slab-plate interactions: a
                  feedback mechanism for episodic back-arc spreading
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 73,
  pages = 281
}
@article{tao93,
  author = {Tao, W. C. and O'Connell, R. J.},
  title = {Deformation of a weak subducted slab and variation
                  of seismicity with depth},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 361,
  pages = {626--628}
}
@mastersthesis{tape03,
  author = {Tape, C. H.},
  title = {Waves on a spherical membrane},
  school = {Oxford University},
  year = 2003
}
@article{tape09,
  author = {C. Tape and P. Mus{\'{e}} and M. Simons and D. Dong
                  and F. Webb},
  title = {Multiscale estimation of {GPS} velocity fields},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 179,
  pages = {945--971}
}
@article{tape12,
  author = {Tape, W. and Tape, C.},
  title = {A geometric setting for moment tensors},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 190,
  pages = {476--498},
  note = {with useful technical notes on $\varepsilon$ and
                  $\Gamma$ and visualizations at
                  \url{https://sites.google.com/alaska.edu/carltape/home/research/beachball},
                  accessed 09/2023}
}
@article{tapponnier01,
  title = {{Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the {T}ibet
                  Plateau}},
  author = {Tapponnier, Paul and Zhiqin, Xu and Roger, Francoise
                  and Meyer, Bertrand and Arnaud, Nicolas and
                  Wittlinger, G{\'e}rard and Jingsui, Yang},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 294,
  pages = {1671--1677},
  year = 2001
}
@article{tapponnier76,
  author = {Tapponnnier, P. and Molnar, P.},
  title = {Slip-line field theory and large-scale continental
                  tectonics},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 264,
  pages = {319--324}
}
@article{tapponnier82,
  title = {{Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New
                  insights from simple experiments with plasticine}},
  author = {Tapponnier, P and Peltzer, G and Le Dain, AY and
                  Cobbold, P},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {611--616},
  year = 1982
}
@article{tarantola84,
  author = {Tarantola, A.},
  title = {Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic
                  approximation},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 49,
  pages = {1259--1266}
}
@article{tarduno03,
  author = {Tarduno, J. A. and Duncan, R. A. and Scholl,
                  D. W. and Cottrell, R. D. and Steinberger, B. and
                  Thordarson, T. and Kerr, B. C. and Neal, C. R. and
                  Frey, F. A. and Torii, M. and Carvallo, C.},
  title = {{The Emperor Seamounts: Southward motion of the
                  Hawaiian hotspot plume in Earth's mantle}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 301,
  pages = {1064--1069}
}
@article{tarduno23,
  author = {John A. Tarduno and Rory D. Cottrell and Richard
                  K. Bono and Nicole Rayner and William J. Davis and
                  Tinghong Zhou and Francis Nimmo and Axel Hofmann and
                  Jaganmoy Jodder and Mauricio Ibañez-Mejia and
                  Michael K. Watkeys and Hirokuni Oda and Gautam
                  Mitra},
  title = {{Hadaean to Palaeoarchaean stagnant-lid tectonics
                  revealed by zircon magnetism}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 618,
  pages = {531--536}
}
@article{tassinari08,
  author = {Tassinari, C. C. G. and Pinzon, F. D. and Buena
                  Ventura, J.},
  title = {Age and sources of gold mineralization in the
                  {M}armato mining district, {NW} {C}olombia: A
                  {M}iocene- {P}liocene epizonal gold deposit},
  journal = {Ore Geology Reviews},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {505--518}
}
@article{tatham08,
  title = {Amphibole and lower crustal seismic properties},
  author = {Tatham, DJ and Lloyd, GE and Butler, R W H and
                  Casey, M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 267,
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {118--128},
  year = 2008
}
@article{tatsumi83,
  title = {Generation of arc basalt magmas and thermal
                  structure of the mantle wedge in subduction zones},
  author = {Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki and Sakuyama, Masanori and
                  Fukuyama, Hiroyuki and Kushiro, Ikuo},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 88,
  pages = {5815--5825},
  year = 1983
}
@article{tatsumi86,
  author = {Tatsumi, Y.},
  title = {Formation of the volcanic front in subduction zones},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  pages = {717--720},
  volume = 13
}
@book{tauxe98,
  author = {Tauxe, L.},
  title = {Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 1998
}
@article{taylor03,
  author = {Taylor, M. and Yin, A. and Ryerson, F. and Kapp, P.
                  and Ding, L.},
  title = {{Conjugate strike slip fault accommodate coeval
                  north-south shortening and east-west extension along
                  the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in central Tibet}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 22,
  number = 1044,
  doi = {10.1029/2002TC001361}
}
@article{taylor09,
  author = {Taylor, M. and Yin, A.},
  title = {{Active structures of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen
                  and their relationships to earthquake distribution,
                  contemporary strain field, and Cenozoic volcanism}},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {199-214}
}
@incollection{taylor11,
  author = {Taylor, M. and Kapp, P.  and Horton, B.},
  title = {{Basin response to active extension and strike-slip
                  deformation in the hinterland of the Tibetan
                  plateau}},
  booktitle = {Recent Advances in Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = 2012,
  editor = {Busby, C. and P{\'{e}}rez, A. A.},
  doi = {10.1002/9781444347166.ch22}
}
@inproceedings{taylor11b,
  author = {Taylor, M. and A. Mora and G. Veloza and D. Stockli
                  and J. Gosse and J.D. Walker and B. Mocek},
  title = {{Along strike shortening rates along the eastern
                  Andes of Colombia -- examples from the Llanos
                  basin}},
  booktitle = {Thick-skin-dominated orogens; from initial inversion
                  to full accretion},
  year = 2011,
  address = {Barichara, Colombia}
}
@article{taylor83,
  author = {Taylor, B. and Karner, G. D.},
  title = {On the evolution of marginal basins},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {1727--1741}
}
@article{taylor96,
  author = {Taylor, M. A. J. and Zheng, G. and Rice, J. R. and
                  Stuart, W. D. and Dmowska, R.},
  title = {Cyclic stressing and seismicity at strongly coupled
                  subduction zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8363--8381}
}
@article{tchalenko70,
  title = {Similarities between shear zones of different
                  magnitudes},
  author = {Tchalenko, JS},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {1625--1640},
  year = 1970
}
@article{team98,
  title = {Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a
                  mid-ocean ridge: {The MELT} experiment},
  author = {{The MELT Seismic Team}},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 280,
  pages = {1215--1218},
  year = 1998
}
@article{templeton08,
  title = {{Off-fault plasticity and earthquake rupture
                  dynamics: 1. Dry materials or neglect of fluid
                  pressure changes}},
  author = {Templeton, Elizabeth L and Rice, James R},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B9},
  year = 2008
}
@article{tenbrink,
  author = {{ten Brink}, U. S. and Katzman, R. and Lin, J.},
  title = {Three-Dimensional Models of Deformation near
                  Strike-Slip Faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {16205--16220},
  month = {July}
}
@article{tenbrink00,
  author = {ten Brink, U. S. and Zhang, J. and Brocher,
                  T. M. and Okaya, D. A.  and Klitgord, K. D. and
                  Fuis, G. S.},
  title = {{Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the
                  California Inner Continental Borderland as a
                  metamorphic core complex}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {5835--5857}
}
@article{terekawa10,
  author = {T. Terekawa and M. Matsu'ura},
  title = {{The 3-D tectonic stress fields in and around Japan
                  inverted from centroid moment tensor data of seismic
                  events}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 29,
  number = {TC6008},
  doi = {10.1029/2009TC002626}
}
@article{tetley19,
  title = {Constraining absolute plate motions since the
                  {T}riassic},
  author = {Tetley, Michael G and Williams, Simon E and Gurnis,
                  Michael and Flament, Nicolas and M{\"u}ller, R
                  Dietmar},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {7231--7258},
  year = 2019
}
@article{tetzlaff00,
  author = {Tetzlaff, M. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {The influence of olivine metastability on deep
                  subduction of oceanic lithosphere},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 120,
  pages = {29--38}
}
@article{tetzlaff09,
  author = {Tetzlaff, M. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {Time-dependent interaction between subduction
                  dynamics and phase transition kinetics},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 178,
  pages = {826--844}
}
@article{teyssier2002,
  author = {Teyssier, C. and Whitney, D. L.},
  title = {Gneiss domes and orogeny},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 30,
  pages = {1139--1142},
  year = 2002
}
@incollection{tharp99,
  author = {Tharp, Marie},
  title = {{Connect the dots: Mapping the sea floor and
                  discovering the Mid-Ocean Ridge}},
  booktitle = {Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia: Twelve
                  Perspectives on the First Fifty Years 1949-1999},
  publisher = {Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia
                  University},
  address = {Palisades, NY},
  year = 1999,
  pages = {31--37}
}
@article{thatcher08,
  author = {Thatcher, W. and Pollitz, F. F.},
  title = {Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric
                  strength in actively deforming regions},
  journal = {GSA Today},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {4--11}
}
@article{thatcher09,
  author = {Thatcher, W.},
  title = {How the Continents Deform: The Evidence From
                  Tectonic Geodesy},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 37,
  pages = {237--262}
}
@article{thatcher75,
  author = {Thatcher, Wayne},
  title = {{Strain accumulation and release mechanism of the
                  1906 San Francisco Earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {4862--4872},
  year = 1975
}
@article{thatcher84,
  author = {Thatcher, W.},
  title = {{The earthquake deformation cycle at the Nankai
                  Trough, southwest Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {3087--3101}
}
@article{thatcher84b,
  title = {A viscoelastic coupling model for the cyclic
                  deformation due to periodically repeated earthquakes
                  at subduction zones},
  author = {Thatcher, Wayne and Rundle, John B},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {7631--7640},
  year = 1984
}
@book{thatcher90,
  author = {Thatcher, W.},
  title = {Present-day crustal movements and the mechanics of
                  cyclical deformation},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 1515,
  series = {U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.}
}
@article{thatcher91,
  title = {Fault orientations in extensional and conjugate
                  strike-slip environments and their implications},
  author = {Thatcher, Wayne and Hill, David P},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1116--1120},
  year = 1991
}
@article{thielmann12,
  title = {Shear heating induced lithospheric-scale
                  localization: {D}oes it result in subduction?},
  author = {Thielmann, Marcel and Kaus, Boris JP},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 359,
  pages = {1--13},
  year = 2012
}
@article{thielmann15,
  author = {Thielmann, M. and Kaus B. J. P. and Popov A.},
  title = {Effects of elasticity and a free surface on
                  convection},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2015,
  pages = {2200--2219},
  volume = 203
}
@article{thielmann18,
  title = {Grain size assisted thermal runaway as a nucleation
                  mechanism for continental mantle earthquakes: Impact
                  of complex rheologies},
  author = {Thielmann, Marcel},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {611--623},
  year = 2018
}
@article{thieulot14,
  author = {Thieulot, C. and Steer, P. and Huismans, R. S.},
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical simulations of crustal
                  systems undergoing orogeny and subjected to surface
                  processes},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 15,
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005490},
  pages = {4936--4957},
  year = 2014
}
@article{thirumalai15,
  author = {K. Thirumalai and F. W. Taylor and C.-C. Shen and
                  L. L. Lavier and C. Frohlich and L. M. Wallace and
                  C.-C. Wu and H. Sun and A. K. Papabatu},
  title = {Variable {H}olocene deformation above a shallow
                  subduction zone extremely close to the trench},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 6,
  number = 7607,
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms8607}
}
@article{thom23,
  author = {Thom, C. A. and Hansen, L. N. and Goldsby, D. L. and
                  Brodsky, E. E.},
  title = {A microphysical model of rock friction and the
                  brittle-ductile transition controlled by dislocation
                  glide and backstress evolution},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2023,
  doi = {10.1029/2022JB024150}
}
@article{thomas12,
  title = {Radiative heat transfer in a hydrous mantle
                  transition zone},
  author = {Thomas, Sylvia-Monique and Bina, Craig R and
                  Jacobsen, Steven D and Goncharov, Alexander F},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 357,
  pages = {130--136},
  year = 2012
}
@article{thomas14,
  title = {Quasi-Dynamic versus Fully Dynamic Simulations of
                  Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip with and without
                  Enhanced Coseismic Weakening},
  author = {Thomas, Marion Y. and Lapusta, Nadia and Noda,
                  Hiroyuki and Avouac, Jean Philippe},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1986--2004},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@inproceedings{thomas20,
  author = {Thomas, D. and Moore, S. and Turner, L.},
  title = {{From young learner to young professional: Creating
                  a GeoSTEM ecosystem within a large geoscience
                  college} (abstract)},
  booktitle = {GSA 2020 Connects Online},
  year = 2020,
  organization = {Geological Society of America}
}
@article{thomas96,
  author = {Thomas, A. P. and Rockwell, T. K.},
  title = {A 300- to 550-year history of slip on the {I}mperial
                  {F}ault near the {U.S.-M}exico border; missing slip
                  at the {I}mperial {F}ault bottleneck},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {5587--5997}
}
@article{thomas99,
  author = {Thomas, C. and Weber, M. and Wicks, C. W. and
                  Scherbaum, F.},
  title = {{Small scatterers in the lower mantle observed at
                  German broadband arrays}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15073--15088}
}
@article{thompson05,
  author = {Thompson, B. D. and Young, R. P. and Lockner, D. A.},
  title = {Observations of premonitory acoustic emission and
                  slip nucleation during a stick slip experiment in
                  smooth faulted {Westerly granite}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 32,
  number = {L10304},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL022750}
}
@article{thompson06,
  author = {Thompson, B. D. and Young, R. P. and Lockner, D. A.},
  title = {{Fracture in Westerly granite under AE feedback and
                  constant strain rate loading: nucleation,
                  quasi-static propagation, and the transition to
                  unstable fracture propagation}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 163,
  pages = {947--973}
}
@article{thompson09,
  author = {Thompson, B. D. and Young, R. P. and Lockner, D. A.},
  title = {Premonitory acoustic emissions and stick-slip in
                  natural and smooth-faulted {Westerly} granite},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 114,
  number = {B02205},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JB005753}
}
@article{thompson22,
  title = {The case and context for atmospheric methane as an
                  exoplanet biosignature},
  author = {Thompson, Maggie A and Krissansen-Totton, Joshua and
                  Wogan, Nicholas and Telus, Myriam and Fortney,
                  Jonathan J},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {e2117933119},
  year = 2022
}
@article{thompson23,
  title = {{Three-dimensional glacial isostatic adjustment
                  modeling reconciles conflicting geographic trends in
                  North American marine isotope stage 5a relative sea
                  level observations}},
  author = {Thompson, Schmitty B and Creveling, Jessica R and
                  Latychev, Konstantin and Mitrovica, Jerry X},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 51,
  pages = {808--812},
  year = 2023
}
@article{thompson97,
  author = {Thompson (Lord Rumsford), B.},
  title = {On the propagation of heat in fluids},
  journal = {Nicolson's J.},
  year = 1797,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {298--341}
}
@article{thomsen86,
  author = {Thomsen, L.},
  title = {Weak elastic anisotropy},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {1954--1966}
}
@article{thomson50,
  author = {Thomson, W. T.},
  title = {Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified
                  solid medium},
  journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
  year = 1950,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {89--93}
}
@article{thomson63,
  author = {Thomson (Lord Kelvin), W.},
  title = {On the secular cooling of the {E}arth},
  journal = {Philos. Mag.},
  year = 1863,
  volume = 25,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@article{thomson82,
  title = {Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis},
  author = {Thomson, David J},
  journal = {Proc. IEEE},
  volume = 70,
  pages = {1055--1096},
  year = 1982
}
@article{thoraval97,
  author = {Thoraval, C. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {The geoid constraint in global geodynamics:
                  viscosity structure, mantle heterogeneity models and
                  boundary conditions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 131,
  pages = {1--8}
}
@article{thorne04,
  author = {Thorne, M. S. and Garnero, E. J. and Grand, S. P.},
  title = {Geographic correlation between hot spots and deep
                  mantle lateral shear-wave velocity gradients},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {47--63}
}
@book{thorne17,
  author = {Kip S. Thorne and Roger D. Blandford},
  title = {Modern Classical Physics},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = 2017,
  address = {Princeton, NJ}
}
@misc{thornton15,
  author = {Thornton, G. and Konter, B. R. and Konter, J. G.},
  title = {{Investigating vertical motion discrepancies in
                  Southern California using geologic, geodetic, and
                  well log data}},
  howpublished = {The University of Texas at El Paso},
  year = 2015,
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{digitalcommons.utep.edu/geo_papers/18/},
                  accessed 09/2015}
}
@article{thurber83,
  author = {Thurber, C.},
  title = {Earthquake locations and three-dimensional crustal
                  structure in the {C}oyote {L}ake area, {C}entral
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {8226--8236}
}
@incollection{thurber93,
  author = {Thurber, C.},
  title = {Local earthquake tomography: {V}elocities and
                  {V}p/{V}s -- theory},
  booktitle = {{Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice}},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
  pages = {563--583},
  editor = {Iyer, H. and Hirahara, K.},
  address = {New York},
  year = 1993
}
@article{thurber96,
  author = {Thurber, C.H.},
  title = {Creep Events Preceeding Small to Moderate
                  Earthquakes on the {S}an {A}ndreas Fault},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 380,
  pages = {425--428},
  month = {April}
}
@article{thybo06,
  author = {Thybo, H.},
  title = {The heterogeneous upper mantle low velocity zone},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 416,
  pages = {53--79}
}
@article{tian11,
  author = {Tian, Y. and Y. Zhou and K. Sigloch and G. Nolet and
                  G. Laske},
  title = {{Structure of North American mantle constrained by
                  simultaneous inversion of multiple-frequency SH, SS,
                  and Love waves}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  number = {B02307},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007704}
}
@article{tichelaar91,
  title = {{Seismic coupling along the Chilean subduction
                  zone}},
  author = {Tichelaar, Bart W and Ruff, Larry J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {11997--12022},
  year = 1991
}
@article{tikoff94,
  title = {Strain modeling of displacement-field partitioning
                  in transpressional orogens},
  author = {Tikoff, Basil and Teyssier, Christian},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  volume = 16,
  pages = {1575--1588},
  year = 1994
}
@article{tilling93,
  author = {Tilling, R. I. and Lipman, P. W.},
  title = {Lessons in reducing volcano risk (commentary)},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 364,
  pages = {277--280}
}
@article{tilmann03,
  title = {{Seismic imaging of the downwelling Indian
                  lithosphere beneath central Tibet}},
  author = {Tilmann, Frederik and Ni, James and {Indepth III
                  Seismic Team}},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 300,
  pages = {1424--1427},
  year = 2003
}
@article{tinti87,
  author = {Tinti, S. and Mulargia, F.},
  title = {Confidence intervals of b-values for grouped
                  magnitudes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {2125--2134}
}
@incollection{tirel04,
  author = {Tirel, C. and Brun, J. P. and Burov, E. B.},
  title = {Thermomechanical modeling of extensional gneiss
                  domes},
  booktitle = {Gneiss domes in orogeny},
  editor = {Whitney, D. L. and Teyssier, C. and Siddoway, C. S.},
  series = {Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  address = {Boulder, Colorardo},
  volume = 380,
  pages = {67--78},
  year = 2004
}
@article{tirel08,
  title = {Dynamics and structural development of metamorphic
                  core complexes},
  author = {Tirel, C{\'e}line and Brun, Jean-Pierre and Burov,
                  Evgueni},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B4},
  year = 2008
}
@article{tirel13,
  author = {Tirel, C. and Brun, J. P. and Burov, E. B. and
                  Wortel, M. J. R. and Lebedev, S.},
  title = {{A plate tectonics oddity: Caterpillar-walk
                  exhumation of subducted continental crust}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {555--558}
}
@article{tkalcic15,
  title = {{Complex inner core of the Earth: The last frontier
                  of global seismology}},
  author = {Tkal{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Hrvoje},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 53,
  pages = {59--94},
  year = 2015
}
@article{tobin09,
  title = {{Elevated fluid pressure and extreme mechanical
                  weakness of a plate boundary thrust, Nankai Trough
                  subduction zone}},
  author = {Tobin, Harold J and Saffer, Demian M},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {679--682},
  year = 2009
}
@article{tobischetal95,
  author = {Tobisch, OT and Saleeby, JB and Renne, PR and
                  McNulty, B and Tong, WX},
  title = {{Variations in deformation fields during development
                  of a large-volume magmatic arc, central
                  Sierra-Nevada, California}},
  journal = {{Geol. Soc.  Amer. Bull.}},
  year = {{1995}},
  volume = {{107}},
  pages = {{148--166}}
}
@article{tobita16,
  title = {{Combined logarithmic and exponential function model
                  for fitting postseismic GNSS time series after 2011
                  Tohoku-Oki earthquake}},
  author = {Tobita, Mikio},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  volume = 68,
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2016
}
@article{toda11,
  author = {Toda, S. and Lin, J. and Stein, R. S.},
  title = {{Using the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of
                  Tohoku Earthquake to test the Coulomb stress
                  triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults
                  brought closer to failure}},
  journal = {Earth, Planet. Space},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 63,
  number = 39,
  doi = {10.5047/eps.2011.05.010}
}
@book{toda81,
  author = {Toda, M.},
  title = {Theory of nonlinear lattices},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 20,
  series = {Springer series in solid-state sciences},
  address = {Berlin}
}
@article{toda98,
  author = {Toda, S. and Stein, R. S. and Reasenberg, P. A. and
                  Yoshida, A.},
  title = {Stress transferred by the 1995 $M_w=6.9$ {K}obe,
                  {J}apan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future
                  earthquake probabilities},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24543--24565},
  annote = {coulomb stress, kobe, japan, aftershocks,
                  prediction}
}
@article{todd18,
  title = {Earthquakes and tremor linked to seamount subduction
                  during shallow slow slip at the {Hikurangi margin,
                  New Zealand}},
  author = {Todd, Erin K and Schwartz, Susan Y and Mochizuki,
                  Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura M and Sheehan, Anne F
                  and Webb, Spahr C and Williams, Charles A and Nakai,
                  Jenny and Yarce, Jefferson and Fry, Bill and Henrys,
                  Stuart and Ito, Yoshihior},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 123,
  pages = {6769--6783},
  year = 2018
}
@incollection{toddetal03,
  author = {V. R. Todd and S.E. Shaw and J.M. Hammarstrom},
  title = {{Cretaceous plutons of the Peninsular Ranges
                  batholith, San Diego and westernmost Imperial
                  Counties, California: Intrusion across a Late
                  Jurassic continental margin}},
  booktitle = {{Tectonic evolution of northwestern Mexico and the
                  southwestern USA}},
  pages = {185--235},
  publisher = {{Geol. Soc. Amer.}},
  year = 2003,
  editor = {S. E. Johnson and S.R. Paterson and J.M. Fletcher
                  and G.H. Girty and D.L. Kimbrough and
                  A. Martin-Barajas},
  volume = 374,
  series = {{Special Paper}},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado}
}
@incollection{toddetal88,
  author = {Todd, V. R. and Erskine, B. G. and Morton, D. M.},
  title = {{Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the northern
                  Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California}},
  booktitle = {{Metamorphic and Crustal Evolution of the Northern
                  Peninsular Ranges Batholith, southern California,
                  Rubey Volume no. VIII}},
  publisher = {{Prentice-Hall}},
  year = 1988,
  address = {{Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}},
  editor = {Ernst, W. G.}
}
@article{tokle19,
  title = {Flow laws and fabric transitions in wet quartzite},
  author = {Tokle, Leif and Hirth, Greg and Behr, Whitney M},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 505,
  pages = {152--161},
  year = 2019
}
@article{toksoz74,
  title = {Structure of the Moon},
  author = {Toks{\"o}z, M Nafi and Dainty, Anton M and Solomon,
                  Sean C and Anderson, Kenneth R},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {539--567},
  year = 1974
}
@article{toksoz78,
  author = {Toks{\"{o}}z, M. N. and Hsui, A. T.},
  title = {Numerical studies of back-arc convection and the
                  formation of marginal basins},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {177--196}
}
@article{toksoz79,
  title = {{Space-time migration of earthquakes along the North
                  Anatolian fault zone and seismic gaps}},
  author = {Toks{\"o}z, MN and Shakal, AF and Michael, AJ},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 117,
  pages = {1258--1270},
  year = 1979
}
@article{tolstikhin75,
  author = {I.N. Tolstikhin},
  title = {{Helium isotopes in the Earth's interior and in the
                  atmosphere: A degassing model of the Earth}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1975,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {88--96}
}
@article{tommasi00,
  author = {Tommasi, A. and Mainprice, D. and Canova, G. and
                  Chastel, Y.},
  title = {Viscoplastic self-consistent and equilibrium-based
                  modelling of olivine lattice preferred
                  orientation. 1. {I}mplications for the upper mantle
                  seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {7893--7908}
}
@article{tommasi01,
  author = {A Tommasi and B. Gibert and U. Seipold and
                  D. Mainprice},
  title = {Anisotropy of thermal diffusivity in the upper
                  mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 411,
  pages = {783--786}
}
@article{tommasi09,
  author = {Tommasi, A. and Knoll, M. and Vauchez, A. and
                  Signorelli, J. W. and Thoraval, C. and Log{\'{e}},
                  R.},
  title = {Structural reactivation in plate tectonics
                  controlled by olivine crystals anisotropy},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {423--427}
}
@article{tommasi18,
  author = {A. Tommasi and A. Goryaeva and P. Carrez and
                  P. Cordier and D. Mainprice},
  title = {{Deformation, crystal preferred orientations, and
                  seismic anisotropy in the Earth's D'' layer}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 492,
  pages = {35--46}
}
@article{tommasi98,
  author = {Tommasi, A.},
  title = {Forward modeling of the development of seismic
                  anisotropy in the upper mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 160,
  pages = {1--13}
}
@article{tommasi99,
  author = {Tommasi, A. and Tikoff, B. and Vauchez, A.},
  title = {Upper mantle tectonics: three-dimensional
                  deformation, crystallographic fabrics and seismic
                  properties},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 168,
  pages = {173--186}
}
@article{tomoeye,
  author = {Gorbatov, A. and Limaye, A. and Sambridge, M.},
  title = {Tomoeye: A Matlab package for visualization of
                  three-dimensional tomographic models},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 5,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GC000653}
}
@article{tonegawa08,
  author = {T. Tonegawa and K. Hirahara and T. Shibutani and
                  H. Iwamori and H. Kanamori and K. Shiomi},
  title = {{Water flow to the mantle transition zone inferred
                  from a receiver function image of the Pacific slab}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 274,
  pages = {346--354}
}
@article{tong,
  author = {Tong, P. and Pian, T.H.H.},
  title = {On the Convergence of the Finite Element Method for
                  Problems with Singularity},
  journal = {Int. J. Solids Struct.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 9,
  pages = {313--321}
}
@article{tong13,
  author = {Tong, X. and Sandwell, D. T. and Smith-Konter, B.},
  title = {{High-resolution interseismic velocity data along
                  the San Andreas Fault from GPS and InSAR}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009442},
  pages = {369--389},
  year = 2013
}
@article{tong14,
  author = {Tong, X. and Smith-Konter, B. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {{Is there a discrepancy between geological and
                  geodetic slip rates along the San Andreas Fault
                  System?}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  year = 2014,
  pages = {2518--2538}
}
@article{tong16,
  author = {Tong, X. and Lavier, L. L.},
  title = {Connecting the Seismic Cycle th the long-Term
                  Topographic Evolution at Convergent Margins
                  (abstract)},
  journal = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstract Volume},
  year = 2016,
  number = {{T13A-2660}}
}
@article{tong18,
  title = {Simulation of slip transients and earthquakes in
                  finite thickness shear zones with a plastic
                  formulation},
  author = {Tong, Xinyue and Lavier, Luc L},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1--8},
  year = 2018
}
@article{toomey07,
  title = {{Skew of mantle upwelling beneath the East Pacific
                  Rise governs segmentation}},
  author = {Toomey, Douglas R and Jousselin, David and Dunn,
                  Robert A and Wilcock, William SD and Detrick, RS},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 446,
  pages = {409--414},
  year = 2007
}
@article{toomey14,
  title = {{The Cascadia Initiative: A sea change in
                  seismological studies of subduction zones}},
  author = {Douglas R. Toomey and Richard M. Allen and Andrew
                  H. Barclay and Samuel W. Bell and Peter D. Bromirski
                  and Richard L. Carlson and Xiaowei Chen and John
                  A. Collins and Robert P. Dziak and Brent Evers and
                  Donald W. Forsyth and Peter Gerstoft and Emilie
                  E.E. Hooft and Dean Livelybrooks and Jessica
                  A. Lodewyk and Douglas S. Luther and Jeffrey
                  J. McGuire and Susan Y. Schwartz and Maya Tolstoy
                  and Anne M. Tr{\'{e}}hu and Michelle Weirathmueller
                  and William S.D. Wilcock},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  volume = 27,
  pages = {138--150},
  year = 2014
}
@article{tordesillas07,
  author = {Tordesillas, A.},
  title = {Force chain buckling, unjamming transitions and
                  shear banding in dense granular assemblies},
  journal = {Phil. Mag.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 87,
  pages = {4987--5016}
}
@article{torii07,
  author = {Torii, Y. and Yoshioka, S.},
  title = {Physical conditions producing slab stagnation:
                  {Constraints of the Clapeyron slope}, mantle
                  viscosity, trench retreat, and dip angles},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 445,
  pages = {200--209}
}
@article{tormann12,
  author = {Tormann, T. and S. Wiemer and J. L. Hardebeck},
  title = {Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes
                  fail to reset the stress field},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L18310},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL052913}
}
@article{tormann15,
  author = {T. Tormann and B. Enescu and J. Woessner and
                  S. Wiemer},
  title = {Randomness of megathrust earthquakes implied by
                  rapid stress recovery after the {J}apan earthquake},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {152--158}
}
@article{toro08,
  author = {Toro, L.M. and Alvaran-Echeverri, M. and Borrero,
                  C.},
  title = {Rocas con afinidad adakitica al sur-este de
                  {M}anizales: rasgos petrogen{\'{e}}ticos y
                  geoqu{\'{i}}micos },
  journal = {Bolet{\'{i}}n de Geolog{\'{i}}a },
  year = 2008,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {23--34}
}
@article{toro10,
  author = {Toro, L.M. and Borrero, C. and Ayala, A.L.F.},
  title = {Petrograf{\'{i}}a y geoqu{\'{i}}mica de las rocas
                  ancestrales del Volc{\'{a}}n {N}evado del {R}uiz},
  journal = {Bolet{\'{i}}n de Geolog{\'{i}}a },
  year = 2010,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {95--105}
}
@article{torrence97,
  author = {Torrence, C. and Compo, C.P.},
  title = {A practical guide to wavelet analysis},
  journal = {Bull. Am. Metereol. Soc.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {61--78}
}
@article{torsvik00,
  author = {Torsvik, T. H. and Tucker, R. D. and Ashwal,
                  L. D. and Carter, L. M. and Jamtveit, B. and
                  Vidyadharan, K. T. and Venkataramana, P.},
  title = {{Late Cretaceous India-Madagascar fit and timing of
                  break-up related magmatism}},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {220--224}
}
@article{torsvik08,
  author = {Torsvik, T. H. and Steinberger, B. and Cocks,
                  L. R. M.  and Burke, K.},
  title = {Longitude: Linking {E}arth's ancient surface to its
                  deep interior},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 276,
  pages = {273--282}
}
@article{torsvik08b,
  author = {Torsvik, T. H. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and van der
                  Voo, R. and Steinberger, B. and Gaina, C.},
  title = {Global Plate Motion Frames: Toward a unified model},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 46,
  number = {RG3004},
  doi = {10.1029/2007RG000227}
}
@article{torsvik09,
  title = {{A new scheme for the opening of the South Atlantic
                  Ocean and the dissection of an Aptian salt basin}},
  author = {Torsvik, Trond H and Rousse, Sonia and Labails,
                  Cinthia and Smethurst, Mark A},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 177,
  pages = {1315--1333},
  year = 2009
}
@article{torsvik10,
  author = {Torsvik, T. and Steinberger, B. and Gurnis, M. and
                  Gaina, C.},
  title = {Plate tectonics and net lithosphere rotation over
                  the past 150 My},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 291,
  pages = {106--112},
  year = 2010
}
@article{torsvik10b,
  title = {Diamonds sampled by plumes from the core--mantle
                  boundary},
  author = {Torsvik, Trond H and Burke, Kevin and Steinberger,
                  Bernhard and Webb, Susan J and Ashwal, Lewis D},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 466,
  pages = {352--355},
  year = 2010
}
@article{torsvik14,
  author = {Torsvik, T. H. and van der Voo, R. and Doubrovine,
                  P. V. and Burke, K. and Steinberger, B. and Ashwal,
                  L. D. and Tr{\o}nnes, R. and Webb, S. J. and Bull,
                  A. L.},
  title = {Deep mantle structure as a reference frame for
                  movements in and on the {E}arth},
  journal = {P. Natl.\ Acad.\ Sci.\ USA},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 111,
  pages = {8735--8740}
}
@article{torsvik17,
  title = {Pacific plate motion change caused the
                  Hawaiian-Emperor Bend},
  author = {Torsvik, Trond H and Doubrovine, Pavel V and
                  Steinberger, Bernhard and Gaina, Carmen and Spakman,
                  Wim and Domeier, Mathew},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {1--12},
  year = 2017
}
@article{torsvik19,
  title = {Pacific-Panthalassic reconstructions: Overview,
                  errata and the way forward},
  author = {Torsvik, Trond H and Steinberger, Bernhard and
                  Shephard, Grace E and Doubrovine, Pavel V and Gaina,
                  Carmen and Domeier, Mathew and Conrad, Clinton P and
                  Sager, William W},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {3659--3689},
  year = 2019
}
@incollection{torsvik21,
  author = {Trond H. Torsvik and Henrik H. Svensen and Bernhard
                  Steinberger and Dana L. Royer and Dougal A. Jerram
                  and Morgan T. Jones and Mathew Domeier},
  title = {Connecting the deep {E}arth and the atmosphere},
  booktitle = {Mantle convection and surface expressions},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 2021,
  editor = {Hauke Marquardt and Maxim Ballmer and Sanne Cottaar
                  and Jasper Konter},
  volume = 263,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {413--453}
}
@article{tosi09,
  title = {Subducted slabs and lateral viscosity variations:
                  effects on the long-wavelength geoid},
  author = {Tosi, Nicola and {\v{C}}adek, Ond{\v{r}}ej and
                  Martinec, Zden{\v{e}}k},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 179,
  pages = {813--826},
  year = 2009
}
@article{tosi13,
  title = {Mantle dynamics with pressure-and
                  temperature-dependent thermal expansivity and
                  conductivity},
  author = {Tosi, Nicola and Yuen, David A and de Koker, Nico
                  and Wentzcovitch, Renata M},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 217,
  pages = {48--58},
  year = 2013
}
@article{toth98,
  author = {Toth, J. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Dynamics of Subduction Initiation at Pre-Existing
                  Fault Zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {18053--18067}
}
@article{toussaint2004,
  author = {Toussaint, G. and Burov, E. B. and Jolivet, L.},
  title = {Continental plate collision: Unstable vs.\ stable
                  slab dynamics.},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {33--36},
  year = 2004
}
@article{tovish78,
  author = {Tovish, A. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Island arc curvature, velocity of continents and
                  angle of subduction},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {329--332}
}
@article{townend00,
  author = {Townend, J. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {How faulting keeps the crust strong},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {399--402}
}
@incollection{townend01,
  author = {Townend, J. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {Implications of earthquake focal mechanisms for the
                  frictional strength of the {S}an {A}ndreas fault
                  system},
  booktitle = {The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone
                  Weakening},
  pages = {13--21},
  publisher = {The Geological Society of London},
  year = 2001,
  editor = {Holdsworth, R. E. and Strachan, R. A. and
                  Magloughlin, J. F. and Knipe, R. J.},
  volume = 186,
  series = {Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub.}
}
@article{townend04,
  author = {Townend, J. and M. D. Zoback},
  title = {Regional tectonic stress near the {San Andreas}
                  fault in central and southern {California}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 31,
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL018918}
}
@article{townend06,
  author = {Townend, J. and Zoback, M. D.},
  title = {Stress, strain, and mountain building in central
                  {Japan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003759},
  year = 2006,
  number = {B03411}
}
@article{tozer19,
  author = {Tozer, B. and Sandwell, D. T. and Smith,
                  W. H. F. and Olson, C. and Beale, J. R. and Wessel,
                  P.},
  title = {{Global bathymetry and topography at 15 arc sec:
                  SRTM15+}},
  journal = {Earth Space Sci.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {1847--1864},
  doi = {10.1029/2019EA000658},
  year = 2019
}
@article{tozer65,
  author = {Tozer, D. C.},
  title = {Heat transfer and convection currents},
  journal = {Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 258,
  pages = {252--271}
}
@article{tozer65b,
  title = {{Thermal history of the Earth: I. The formation of
                  the core}},
  author = {Tozer, D. C.},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {95--112},
  year = 1965
}
@article{trampert01,
  author = {Trampert, J. and Vacher, P. and Vlaar, N.},
  title = {Sensitivities of seismic velocities to temperature,
                  pressure and composition in the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {255--267}
}
@article{trampert02,
  author = {Trampert, J. and van Heijst, H. J.},
  title = {Global Azimuthal Anisotropy in the Transition Zone},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {1297--1299}
}
@article{trampert03,
  author = {Trampert, J. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for
                  fundamental mode surface waves between 40 and 150 s},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {154-165}
}
@article{trampert04,
  author = {Trampert, J. and Deschamps, F. and Resovsky, J. and
                  Yuen, D.},
  title = {Probabilistic tomography maps chemical
                  heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 306,
  pages = {853--856}
}
@article{trampert06,
  author = {Trampert, J. and Spetzler, J.},
  title = {Surface wave tomography: {F}inite frequency effects
                  lost in the null space},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 164,
  pages = {394--400}
}
@article{trampert95,
  author = {Trampert, J. and Woodhouse, J. H.},
  title = {Global phase velocity maps of {L}ove and {R}ayleigh
                  waves between 40 and 150 seconds},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {675--690}
}
@article{travis94,
  title = {{Convection with internal heat sources and thermal
                  turbulence in the Earth's mantle}},
  author = {Travis, Bryan and Olson, Peter},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {1--19},
  year = 1994
}
@article{tregoning94,
  author = {P. Tregoning and F. K. Brunner and Y. Bock and
                  S. S. O. Puntodewo and R. McCaffrey and
                  J. F. Genrich and E. Calais and J. Rais and and
                  C. Subarya},
  title = {First geodetic measurement of convergence across the
                  {Java Trench}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {2135--2138}
}
@article{trehu15,
  title = {Seismicity of the Central {C}ascadia Continental
                  Margin near 44.5\textdegree~{N}: {A} Decadal View},
  shorttitle = {Seismicity of the {{Central Cascadia Continental
                  Margin}} near 44.5\textdegree ~{{N}}},
  author = {Tr{\'e}hu, Anne M. and Braunmiller, Jochen and
                  Davis, Elizabeth},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {819--829},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.}
}
@inproceedings{treiman94,
  author = {Treiman, J. A.},
  title = {{Geomorphic clues to paleoseismicity; examples from
                  the eastern Ventura Basin, Los Angeles County,
                  California}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Paleoseismology},
  pages = {182--184},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {Prentice, C. S. and Schwartz, D. P. Yeats, R. S.},
  series = {Open-File Report},
  organization = {U. S. Geological Survey},
  note = {Report: OF 94-0568}
}
@article{trenkamp02,
  author = {Trenkamp, R. and Kellogg, J. N. and Freymueller,
                  J. T. and Mora, H. P.},
  title = {Wide plate margin deformation, southern {Central
                  America} and northwestern {South America}, {CASA
                  GPS} observations},
  journal = {J. South Amer. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {157--171}
}
@article{troise98,
  author = {Troise, C. and DeNatale, G. and Pingue, F. and
                  Petrazzuoli, S. M.},
  title = {Evidence for static stress interaction among
                  earthquakes in the south-central {A}pennines
                  ({I}taly)},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 134,
  pages = {809--817}
}
@article{tromp01,
  author = {Tromp, J.},
  title = {Inner core anisotropy and rotation},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {47--69}
}
@article{tromp05,
  title = {Seismic tomography, adjoint methods, time reversal
                  and banana-doughnut kernels},
  author = {Tromp, Jeroen and Tape, Carl and Liu, Qinya},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 160,
  pages = {195--216},
  year = 2005
}
@article{tromp08,
  author = {Tromp, J. and Komatitsch, D. and Liu, Q.},
  title = {Spectral-element and adjoint methods in seismology},
  journal = {Comm. Comput. Phys.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1--32}
}
@article{tromp20,
  author = {Tromp, J.},
  title = {Seismic wavefield imaging of {E}arth's interior
                  across scales},
  journal = {Nature Rev.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 1,
  pages = {40--53}
}
@article{trompert98,
  author = {Trompert, R. and Hansen, U.},
  title = {{M}antle convection simulations with rheologies that
                  generate plate-like behaviour},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 395,
  pages = {686--689}
}
@article{trugman17,
  title = {{GrowClust}: {A} Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm
                  for Relative Earthquake Relocation, with Application
                  to the {S}panish {S}prings and {S}heldon, {N}evada,
                  Earthquake Sequences},
  author = {Trugman, Daniel T. and Shearer, Peter M.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 88,
  pages = {379--391},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.}
}
@article{trugman19,
  author = {Trugman, D. T. and Ross, Z. E.},
  title = {Pervasive foreshock activity across southern
                  {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 46,
  pages = {8772--8781}
}
@article{trugman20a,
  title = {Imaging Stress and Faulting Complexity Through
                  Earthquake Waveform Similarity},
  author = {Trugman, Daniel T. and Ross, Zachary E. and Johnson,
                  Paul A.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {{e2019GL085888}},
  doi = {10.1029/2019GL085888},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.}
}
@article{trugman20b,
  title = {The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Granular Microslip
                  Precursors to Laboratory Earthquakes},
  author = {Trugman, Daniel T. and McBrearty, Ian W. and Bolton,
                  David C. and Guyer, Robert A. and Marone, Chris and
                  Johnson, Paul A.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 47,
  pages = {{e2020GL088404}},
  doi = {10.1029/2020GL088404},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.}
}
@article{tsai07,
  title = {Theoretical constraints on true polar wander},
  author = {Tsai, Victor C and Stevenson, David J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 112,
  number = {B5},
  year = 2007
}
@misc{tschanz69,
  author = {Tschanz, C. M. and A. Jimeno and J. Cruz},
  title = {{Mapa Geologico de Reconocimiento de la Sierra
                  Nevada de Santa Marta, scale 1:200,000}},
  howpublished = {INGEOMINAS, Bogota},
  year = 1969
}
@article{tse86,
  author = {Tse, S. T. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Crustal earthquake instability in relation to the
                  depth variation of frictional slip properties},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 91,
  pages = {9452--9472}
}
@article{tsujimori06,
  title = {Very-low-temperature record of the subduction
                  process: {A} review of worldwide lawsonite
                  eclogites},
  author = {Tsujimori, Tatsuki and Sisson, Virginia B and Liou,
                  Juhn G and Harlow, George E and Sorensen, Sorena S},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 92,
  pages = {609--624},
  year = 2006,
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{tullis12,
  author = {T. E. Tullis and K. Richards-Dinger and M. Barall
                  and J. H.  Dieterich and E. H. Field and E. M. Heien
                  and L. H. Kellogg and F. F.  Pollitz and
                  J. B. Rundle and M. K. Sachs and D. L. Turcotte and
                  S. N.  Ward and M. B. Yikilmaz},
  title = {A Comparison among Observations and Earthquake
                  Simulator Results for the allcal2 {C}alifornia Fault
                  Model},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 83,
  number = 6,
  doi = {10.1785/0220120094}
}
@article{tullis84,
  author = {Tullis, T. E.},
  title = {Rock Friction Constitutive Behavior from Laboratory
                  Experiments and Its Implications for an Earthquake
                  Prediction Field Monitoring Program},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 126
}
@article{tullis96,
  author = {Tullis, T. E. and Weeks, J. D.},
  title = {Constitutive behavior and stability of frictional
                  sliding of granite},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {383--414}
}
@book{turcotte02,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Geodynamics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2002,
  address = {Cambridge},
  edition = 2
}
@book{turcotte14,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Geodynamics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2014,
  address = {Cambridge},
  edition = 3
}
@article{turcotte67,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Oxburgh, E. R.},
  title = {Finite amplitude convective cells and continental
                  drift},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1967,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {29--42}
}
@article{turcotte73,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Frictional heating of the descending lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 78,
  pages = {5876--5886}
}
@article{turcotte74,
  author = {Turcotte, D.L. and Hsui, A.T. and Torrance, K.E. and
                  Schubert, G.},
  title = {{Influence of viscous dissipation on Benard
                  convetion}},
  journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  year = 1974,
  volume = 64,
  pages = {369--374}
}
@article{turcotte80,
  title = {On the thermal evolution of the {E}arth},
  author = {Turcotte, DL},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {53--58},
  year = 1980
}
@book{turcotte82,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.},
  title = {Geodynamics. Applications of Continuum Physics to
                  Geological Problems},
  publisher = {John Wiley},
  year = 1982,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{turcotte84,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L. and Liu, J. Y. and Kulhawy, F. H.},
  title = {The role of an intracrustal asthenosphere on the
                  behavior of major strike-slip faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 89,
  pages = {5801--5816},
  year = 1984
}
@article{turcotte89,
  title = {{A heat pipe mechanism for volcanism and tectonics
                  on Venus}},
  author = {Turcotte, Donald Lawson},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {2779--2785},
  year = 1989
}
@book{turcotte97,
  author = {Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {Fractals and chaos in geology and geophysics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1997,
  address = {Cambridge, UK},
  edition = {2nd}
}
@article{turner17,
  title = {{Magmatic focusing to mid-ocean ridges: The role of
                  grain-size variability and non-Newtonian viscosity}},
  author = {Turner, Andrew J and Katz, Richard F and Behn, Mark
                  D and Keller, Tobias},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {4342--4355},
  year = 2017
}
@article{turner20,
  title = {{An andesitic source for Jack Hills zircon supports
                  onset of plate tectonics in the Hadean}},
  author = {Turner, Simon and Wilde, Simon and W{\"o}rner,
                  Gerhard and Schaefer, Bruce and Lai, Yi-Jen},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1--5},
  year = 2020
}
@article{turner22,
  title = {Sediment and ocean crust both melt at subduction
                  zones},
  author = {Turner, Stephen J and Langmuir, Charles H},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 584,
  pages = 117424,
  year = 2022
}
@article{twiss07,
  author = {Twiss, R. J. and Unruh, J. R.},
  title = {Structure, deformation, and strength of the {L}oma
                  {P}rieta fault, northern {C}alifornia, {USA}, as
                  inferred from the 1989--1990 {L}oma {P}rieta
                  aftershock sequence},
  year = 2007,
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 119,
  number = 9,
  pages = {1079--1106}
}
@article{twiss77,
  title = {Theory and applicability of a recrystallized grain
                  size paleopiezometer},
  author = {Twiss, Robert J},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 115,
  pages = {227--244},
  year = 1977
}
@article{twiss98,
  author = {Twiss, R. J. and J. R. Unruh},
  title = {Analysis of fault slip inversions: {Do} they
                  constrain stress or strain rate?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {12205--12222}
}
@article{tyler21,
  title = {{On the tidal history and future of the Earth--Moon
                  orbital system}},
  author = {Tyler, Robert H},
  journal = {Planet. Sci. J.},
  volume = 2,
  number = 70,
  year = 2021
}
@article{uchida16,
  author = {Uchida, N. and Asano, Y. and Hasegawa, A.},
  title = {Acceleration of regional plate subduction beneath
                  {K}anto, {J}apan, after the 2011 {T}ohoku-oki
                  earthquake},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {9002--9008}
}
@article{uchida21,
  title = {{A Decade of Lessons Learned from the 2011
                  Tohoku-Oki Earthquake}},
  author = {Uchida, Naoki and B{\"u}rgmann, R},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 59,
  number = 2,
  pages = {{e2020RG000713}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{uchide14,
  title = {Stress Drop Variations among Small Earthquakes
                  before the 2011 {Tohoku-Oki, Japan}, Earthquake and
                  Implications for the Main Shock},
  author = {Uchide, Takahiko and Shearer, Peter M. and Imanishi,
                  Kazutoshi},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB010943},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@article{udias91,
  author = {Udias, A.},
  title = {Source Mechanism of Earthquakes},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1991,
  pages = {81--141}
}
@article{ueda08,
  title = {Subduction initiation by thermal--chemical plumes:
                  numerical studies},
  author = {Ueda, Kosuke and Gerya, Taras and Sobolev, Stephan
                  V},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 171,
  pages = {296--312},
  year = 2008
}
@article{ueda15,
  author = {K. Ueda and S. D. Willett and T. Gerya and J. Ruh},
  title = {{Geomorphological-thermo-mechanical modeling:
                  Application to orogenic wedge dynamics}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 659,
  pages = {12--30}
}
@misc{ugesce,
  author = {Becker, T. W. and Yu, J.},
  title = {{Unified Geodynamics Earth Science Computing
                  Environment (UGESCE)}},
  howpublished = {Available online at
                  \url{www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/ugesce.html},
                  accessed 06/2016},
  year = 2016
}
@article{uhl15,
  title = {Universal quake statistics: {F}rom compressed
                  nanocrystals to earthquakes},
  author = {Uhl, Jonathan T and Pathak, Shivesh and Schorlemmer,
                  Danijel and Liu, Xin and Swindeman, Ryan and
                  Brinkman, Braden AW and LeBlanc, Michael and
                  Tsekenis, Georgios and Friedman, Nir and Behringer,
                  Robert and others},
  journal = {Scient. Rep.},
  volume = 5,
  pages = {1--10},
  year = 2015
}
@article{ujiie13,
  author = {K. Ujiie and H. Tanaka and T. Saito and A. Tsutsumi
                  and J. J. Mori and J. Kameda and E. E. Brodsky and
                  F. M. Chester and N. Eguchi and S. Toczko and
                  {Expedition 343 and 343T Scientists}},
  title = {{Low coseismic shear stress on the Tohoku-oki
                  megathrust determined from laboratory experiments}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 342,
  pages = {1211--1214}
}
@article{ujiie18,
  title = {An explanation of episodic tremor and slow slip
                  constrained by crack-seal veins and viscous shear in
                  subduction m{\'e}lange},
  author = {Ujiie, Kohtaro and Saishu, Hanae and Fagereng,
                  {\AA}ke and Nishiyama, Naoki and Otsubo, Makoto and
                  Masuyama, Haruna and Kagi, Hiroyuki},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {5371--5379},
  year = 2018
}
@article{ullrich81,
  title = {Minimum continental velocities with respect to the
                  pole since the Archean},
  author = {Ullrich, Laura and Van Der Voo, Rob},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 74,
  pages = {17--27},
  year = 1981,
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{ulrich19,
  title = {Dynamic viability of the 2016 {Mw 7.8 Kaik{\=o}ura}
                  earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults},
  author = {Ulrich, Thomas and Gabriel, A.-A. and Ampuero,
                  Jean-Paul and Xu, Wenbin},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 10,
  number = 1213,
  year = 2019
}
@article{ulrich19b,
  author = {Ulrich, Thomas and Vater, Stefan and Madden,
                  Elizabeth H and Behrens, J{\"o}rn and van Dinther,
                  Ylona and Van Zelst, Iris and Fielding, Eric J and
                  Liang, Cunren and Gabriel, A-A},
  title = {{Physics-based modeling reveals earthquake
                  displacements are critical to the 2018 Palu,
                  Sulawesi tsunami}},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {4069--4109}
}
@article{ulvrova19,
  title = {Where does subduction initiate and cease? {A} global
                  scale perspective},
  author = {Ulvrova, Martina M and Coltice, Nicolas and
                  Williams, Simon and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {EPSL},
  volume = 528,
  pages = 115836,
  year = 2019
}
@manual{unavco14,
  title = {{UNAVCO PBO} GPS velocity release},
  author = {{UNAVCO}},
  year = 2014,
  note = {Online at
                  \url{ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/products/velocity/pbo.final_frame.vel},
                  accessed 04/2015, with date stamp 20141121065349}
}
@article{unruh03,
  author = {Unruh, J. and Humphrey, J. and Barron, A.},
  title = {Transtensional model for the {Sierra Nevada} frontal
                  fault system, eastern {California}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {327--330}
}
@article{unruh96,
  author = {Unruh, J. R. and Twiss, R. J. and Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Seismogenic Deformation Field in the {M}ojave Block
                  from a Micropolar Inversion of the 1992 {Landers}
                  Earthquake Aftershocks: Implications for Tectonics
                  of the {Eastern California Shear Zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8335--8361}
}
@article{unruh97,
  author = {Unruh, J. R. and Twiss, R. J. and Hauksson, E.},
  title = {Kinematics of postseismic relaxation from aftershock
                  focal mechanisms of the 1994 {Northridge},
                  {California} earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {24589--24603}
}
@inproceedings{uphoff17,
  title = {Extreme scale multi-physics simulations of the
                  tsunamigenic 2004 {S}umatra megathrust earthquake},
  author = {Uphoff, C. and Rettenberger, S. and Bader, M. and
                  Madden, E. H. and Ulrich, T. and Wollherr, S. and
                  Gabriel, A.-A.},
  booktitle = {SC'17: Proceedings of the International Conference
                  for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage
                  and Analysis},
  pages = {1--16},
  year = 2017
}
@misc{usgs23,
  author = {{U.S. Geological Survey} and {California Geological
                  Survey}},
  title = {{Quaternary fault and fold database for the United
                  States}},
  howpublished = {Online at
                  \url{www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/faults},
                  accessed 03/2023},
  year = 2023
}
@book{usgsneic,
  author = {{USGS/}{NEIC}},
  title = {National Earthquake Information Center, World Data
                  Center A for Seismology. Global Earthquake Search},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey, National Earthquake
                  Information Center},
  year = 1998,
  address = {{\small {\tt
                  http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic\_global.html}}}
}
@book{usgspics,
  author = {{SCEC}},
  title = {Landers Slideshow},
  publisher = {Southern California Earthquake Center},
  address = {\url{www.scecdc.scec.org/landslideshow.html}},
  year = 1994
}
@incollection{utsu02,
  author = {Utsu, T.},
  title = {A list of deadly earthquakes in the World:
                  1500-2000},
  booktitle = {International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering
                  Seismology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = 2002,
  editor = {Lee, W. K. and Kanamori, H. and Jennings, P. C. and
                  Kisslinger, C.},
  pages = {691--717},
  address = {San Diego CA}
}
@article{utsu61,
  author = {Utsu, T.},
  title = {A statistical study on the occurrence of
                  aftershocks},
  journal = {Geophys. Mag.},
  year = 1961,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {521--605}
}
@article{utsu65,
  author = {T. Utsu and Y. Ogata and M. Ritsuko},
  title = {The centenary of {O}mori formula for a decay law of
                  afterhock activity},
  journal = {J. Phys. Earth},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {1--33}
}
@article{utsu71,
  author = {Utsu, T.},
  title = {{Aftershocks and earthquake statistics (2): further
                  investigation of aftershocks and other earthquake
                  sequences based on a new classification of
                  earthquake sequences}},
  journal = {J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. 7 Geophys.},
  year = 1971,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {197--266}
}
@article{uyeda72,
  title = {{Origin and development of the Philippine Sea}},
  author = {Uyeda, Seiya and Ben-Avraham, Zvi},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 240,
  pages = {176--178},
  year = 1972
}
@article{uyeda79,
  author = {Uyeda, S. and Kanamori, H. J.},
  title = {Back-arc opening and the mode of subduction},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1049--1061}
}
@incollection{vail77,
  author = {Vail, P. R. and Mitchum Jr., R. M. and Todd,
                  R. G. and Widmier, J. M. and Thompson, S. and
                  Sangree, J. B. and Bubb, J. N. and Hatlelid, W. G.},
  title = {Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea
                  level},
  booktitle = {Seismic stratigraphy -- Applications to Hydrocarbon
                  Exploration},
  pages = {49--205},
  publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
  year = 1977,
  editor = {Payton, C. E},
  volume = 26,
  series = {Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.}
}
@article{vajda20,
  title = {{End-Permian (252 Mya) deforestation, wildfires and
                  flooding—an ancient biotic crisis with lessons for
                  the present}},
  author = {Vajda, Vivi and McLoughlin, Stephen and Mays, Chris
                  and Frank, Tracy D and Fielding, Christopher R and
                  Tevyaw, Allen and Lehsten, Veiko and Bocking,
                  Malcolm and Nicoll, Robert S},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 529,
  pages = 115875,
  year = 2020
}
@article{valdez19,
  title = {{Effects of temperature on the frictional behavior
                  of material from the Alpine Fault Zone, New
                  Zealand}},
  author = {Valdez II, RD and Kitajima, H and Saffer, DM},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 762,
  pages = {17--27},
  year = 2019
}
@article{valencia06,
  title = {Internal structure of massive terrestrial planets},
  author = {Valencia, Diana and O'Connell, Richard J and
                  Sasselov, Dimitar},
  journal = {Icarus},
  volume = 181,
  pages = {545--554},
  year = 2006
}
@article{valencia07,
  title = {Radius and structure models of the first super-Earth
                  planet},
  author = {Valencia, Diana and Sasselov, Dimitar D and
                  O'Connell, Richard J},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  volume = 656,
  pages = 545,
  year = 2007
}
@article{valencia07b,
  author = {Valencia, Diana and O'Connell, Richard J and
                  Sasselov, Dimitar D},
  title = {Inevitability of plate tectonics on
                  {S}uper-{E}arths},
  journal = {Astrophys. J.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 670,
  pages = {L45--L48}
}
@article{vallee17,
  title = {Observations and modeling of the elastogravity
                  signals preceding direct seismic waves},
  author = {Vall{\'e}e, Martin and Ampuero, Jean Paul and Juhel,
                  K{\'e}vin and Bernard, Pascal and Montagner,
                  Jean-Paul and Barsuglia, Matteo},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 358,
  pages = {1164--1168},
  year = 2017
}
@article{van18,
  author = {Van Rijsingen, Elenora and Lallemand, Serge and
                  Peyret, Michel and Arcay, Diane and Heuret, Arnauld
                  and Funiciello, Francesca and Corbi, Fabio},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  pages = {2342--2370},
  title = {How subduction interface roughness influences the
                  occurrence of large interplate earthquakes},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2018
}
@article{vanavendonk17,
  author = {Van Avendonk, Harm J. A. and Hayman, Nicholas W. and
                  Harding, Jennifer L. and Grevemeyer, Ingo and
                  Peirce, Christine and Dannowski, Anke},
  title = {{Seismic structure and segmentation of the axial
                  valley of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {2149--2161},
  year = 2017
}
@article{vanbemellen35,
  author = {Van Bemmelen, R. W. and Berlage, H. P.},
  title = {{Versuch einer mathematischen Behandlung
                  geotektonischer Bewegungen unter besonderer
                  Ber{\"{u}}cksichtigung der Undationstheorie}},
  journal = {Gerlands Beitr{\"{a}}ge zur Geophysik},
  year = 1935,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {19--55}
}
@article{vandam01,
  author = {van Dam, T. and Wahr, J. and Milly, P. C. D. and
                  Shmakin, A. B. and Blewitt, G. and Lavellee, D. and
                  Larson, K. M.},
  title = {rustal displacements due to continental water
                  loading},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {651--654}
}
@article{vandecar90,
  author = {VanDecar, J. C. and Crosson, R. S.},
  title = {Determination of teleseismic relative phase arrival
                  times using multi-channel cross-correlation and
                  least squares},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 80,
  pages = {150--169}
}
@article{vandenberg96,
  author = {{van den Berg}, A. P. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Is the lower-mantle rheology {N}ewtonian today?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {2033--2036}
}
@article{vandenberg97,
  author = {{van den Berg}, A. P. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {The role of shear heating in lubricating mantle
                  flow},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 151,
  pages = {33--42}
}
@article{vandenende18,
  title = {A comparison between rate-and-state friction and
                  microphysical models, based on numerical simulations
                  of fault slip},
  author = {Van den Ende, MPA and Chen, J and Ampuero, J-P and
                  Niemeijer, AR},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 733,
  pages = {273--295},
  year = 2018
}
@article{vanderhaeghe01,
  author = {Vanderhaeghe, O. and Teyssier, C.},
  title = {Partial melting and flow of orogens},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 342,
  pages = {451--472},
  year = 2001
}
@article{vanderhaeghe12,
  title = {{The thermal--mechanical evolution of crustal
                  orogenic belts at convergent plate boundaries: A
                  reappraisal of the orogenic cycle}},
  author = {Vanderhaeghe, Olivier},
  journal = {J.  Geodyn.},
  volume = 56,
  pages = {124--145},
  year = 2012
}
@article{vanderlee01,
  author = {van der Lee, S. and James, D. and Silver, P.},
  title = {Upper mantle {S} velocity structure of central and
                  western {S}outh {A}merica},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {30821--30834}
}
@article{vanderlee97,
  author = {van der Lee, S. and Nolet, G.},
  title = {Upper mantle {S} velocity structure of {N}orth
                  {A}merica},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {22815--22838}
}
@article{vandermeer10,
  author = {van der Meer, D. G. and Spakman, W. and van
                  Hinsbergen, D. J. J. and Amaru, M. L. and Torsvik,
                  T. H.},
  title = {Towards absolute plate motions constrained by
                  lower-mantle slab remnants},
  journal = {Nature Geo.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {36--40}
}
@article{vandermeer18,
  author = {van der Meer, D. G. and van Hinsbergen, D. J. J. and
                  Spakman, W. },
  title = {Atlas of the underworld: {S}lab remnants in the
                  mantle, their sinking history, and a new outlook on
                  lower mantle viscosity},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 723,
  pages = {309--448}
}
@article{vandermeijde03,
  author = {van der Meijde, M. and Marone, F. and Giardini,
                  D. and van der Lee, S.},
  title = {Seismic Evidence for Water Deep in {E}arth's Upper
                  Mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 300,
  pages = {1556--1558}
}
@article{vandervoo99,
  author = {van der Voo, R. and Spakman, W.  and Bijwaard, H. },
  title = {Tethyan subducted slabs under {I}ndia},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {7--20}
}
@article{vanderwal15,
  title = {{Effect of GIA models with 3D composite mantle
                  viscosity on GRACE mass balance estimates for
                  Antarctica}},
  author = {van der Wal, Wouter and Whitehouse, Pippa L and
                  Schrama, Ernst JO},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 414,
  pages = {134--143},
  year = 2015
}
@article{vandinther10,
  author = {van Dinther, Y. and G. Morra and F. Funiciello and
                  C. Faccenna},
  title = {Role of the overriding plate in the subduction
                  process: Insights from numerical models},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 484,
  pages = {74--86}
}
@article{vandinther13a,
  author = {van Dinther, Y. and Gerya, T. V. and Dalguer,
                  L. A. and Corbi, F. and Funiciello, F. and Mai,
                  P. M.},
  title = {The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts:
                  {2. D}ynamic implications of geodynamic simulations
                  validated with laboratory models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {1502--1525},
  year = 2013
}
@article{vandinther13b,
  author = {Y. van Dinther and T. V. Gerya and L. A. Dalguer and
                  P. M. Mai and G. Morra and D. Giardini},
  title = {The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: {I}nsights
                  from seismo-thermo-mechanical model},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {6183--6202}
}
@article{vandinther14b,
  author = {van Dinther, Y. and Mai, P. M. and Dalguer, L.A. and
                  Gerya, T. V.},
  title = {Modeling the seismic cycle in subduction zones: the
                  role of off-megathrust earthquakes},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {1194--1201},
  doi = {10.1002/2013GL058886}
}
@article{vandinther19,
  author = {van Dinther, Y. and K{\"{u}}nsch, H. R. and
                  Fichtner, A. },
  title = {Ensemble data assimilation for earthquake sequences:
                  probabilistic estimation and forecasting of fault
                  stresses},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 217,
  pages = {1453--1478}
}
@article{vandinther19b,
  title = {A secondary zone of uplift due to megathrust
                  earthquakes},
  author = {van Dinther, Ylona and Preiswerk, Lukas E and Gerya,
                  Taras V},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  volume = 176,
  pages = {4043--4068},
  year = 2019
}
@article{vanhinsbergen11,
  author = {van Hinsbergen, D. J. J. and Steinberger, B. and
                  Doubrovine, P. and Gassm{\"{o}}ller, R.},
  title = {{Acceleration-deceleration cycles of India-Asia
                  convergence: roles of mantle plumes and continental
                  collision}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  number = {B06101},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB008051}
}
@article{vanhinsbergen21,
  title = {A record of plume-induced plate rotation triggering
                  subduction initiation},
  author = {van Hinsbergen, Douwe JJ and Steinberger, Bernhard
                  and Guilmette, Carl and Maffione, Marco and
                  G{\"u}rer, Derya and Peters, Kalijn and Plunder,
                  Alexis and McPhee, Peter J and Gaina, Carmen and
                  Advokaat, Eldert L and others},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {626--630},
  year = 2021
}
@article{vanhunen08,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and van den Berg, A. P.},
  title = {Plate tectonics on the early {E}arth: limitations
                  imposed by strength and buoyancy of subducted
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {217-235}
}
@article{vanhunen09,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and {\v {C}}adek, O.},
  title = {Reduced oceanic seismic anisotropy by small-scale
                  convectin},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 284,
  pages = {622--629}
}
@article{vanhunen11,
  author = {van Hunen, J. and Allen, M. B.},
  title = {Continental collision and slab break-off: a
                  comparison of {3-D} numerical models with
                  observations},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 302,
  pages = {27--37}
}
@article{vankeken01,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Ballentine, C. J. and Porcelli,
                  D.},
  title = {A dynamical investigation of the heat and helium
                  imbalance},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 188,
  pages = {421--434},
  year = 2001
}
@article{vankeken03,
  author = {van Keken, P. E.},
  title = {The structure and dynamics of the mantle wedge},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 215,
  pages = {323--338}
}
@incollection{vankeken04,
  author = {van Keken, P. and Ballentine, C. J. and Hauri,
                  E. H.},
  title = {Convective mixing the {E}arth's mantle},
  booktitle = {Treatise of Geochemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2004,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  editor = {Carlson, R.}
}
@article{vankeken05,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and S. D. King},
  title = {Thermal structure and dynamics of subduction zones:
                  insights from observations and modeling},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 149,
  pages = {1--6}
}
@article{vankeken08,
  author = {P. van Keken and C. Currie and S.D. King and
                  M.D. Behn and A. Canioncle and J. He and R.F. Katz
                  and S.-C. Lin and E.M. Parmentier and M. Spiegelman
                  and K. Wang},
  title = {A community benchmark for subduction zone modeling},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {187--197}
}
@article{vankeken11,
  title = {{Subduction factory: 4. {D}epth-dependent flux of
                  H$_2$O from subducting slabs worldwide}},
  author = {van Keken, Peter E and Hacker, Bradley R and
                  Syracuse, Ellen M and Abers, Geoff A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 116,
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007922},
  number = {B01401},
  year = 2011
}
@article{vankeken12,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Kita, S. and Nakajima, J.},
  title = {Thermal structure and intermediate-depth seismicity
                  in the {Tohoku-Hokkaido} subduction zones},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {355--364}
}
@article{vankeken23,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Wilson, C. R.},
  title = {An introductory review of the thermal structure of
                  subduction zones: {I} -- motivation and selected
                  examples},
  journal = {Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2023,
  volume = 10,
  pages = 42
}
@article{vankeken96,
  author = {van Keken, P. and Karato, S.-i. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Rheological control of oceanic crust separation in
                  the transition zone},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1821--1824}
}
@article{vankeken98,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Ballentine, C. J.},
  title = {Whole-mantle versus layered mantle convection and
                  the role of a high-viscosity lower mantle in
                  terrestrial volatile evolution},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 156,
  pages = {19--32},
  year = 1998
}
@article{vankeken99,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Ballentine, C. J.},
  title = {Dynamical models of mantle volatile evolution and
                  the role of phase transitions and
                  temperature-dependent rheology},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {7137--7151},
  year = 1999
}
@article{vankeken99b,
  author = {van Keken, P. E. and Zhong, S.},
  title = {{Mixing in a 3D spherical model of present-day
                  mantle convection }},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 171,
  pages = {533--547}
}
@article{vankranendonk10,
  title = {{Two types of Archean continental crust: Plume and
                  plate tectonics on early Earth}},
  author = {Van Kranendonk, Martin J},
  journal = {Amer. J. Sci.},
  volume = 310,
  pages = {1187--1209},
  year = 2010
}
@article{vannucchi19,
  author = {Vannucchi, P.},
  title = {Scaly fabric and slip within fault zones},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {342--356}
}
@article{vannucci99,
  author = {Vannucci, G. and Gasperini, P. and Ferrari, G. and
                  Guidoboni, E.},
  title = {Encoding and computer analysis of macroseismic
                  effects},
  journal = {Phys. Chem. Earth A},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {505--510}
}
@article{vansummeren13,
  title = {{Magnetodynamo lifetimes for rocky, Earth-mass
                  exoplanets with contrasting mantle convection
                  regimes}},
  author = {van Summeren, Joost and Gaidos, Eric and Conrad,
                  Clinton P},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Planet.},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {938--951},
  year = 2013
}
@article{vanthienen04,
  author = {van Thienen, P. and Vlaar, N. J. and van den Berg,
                  A. P.},
  title = {Plate tectonics on the terrestrial planets},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {61--74}
}
@article{vanwijk10,
  author = {J. W. van Wijk and W. S. Baldridge and J. van Hunen
                  and S. Goes and R. Aster and D.D. Coblentz and
                  S. P. Grand and J. Ni},
  title = {{Small-scale convection at the edge of the Colorado
                  Plateau: Implications for topography, magmatism, and
                  evolution of Proterozoic lithosphere}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 38,
  pages = {611--614}
}
@article{vanwijk11,
  author = {Van Wijk, K. and T. D. Mikesell and
                  V. Schulte-Pelkum and J.  Stachnik},
  title = {Estimating the {Rayleigh-wave} impulse response
                  between seismic stations with the cross terms of the
                  {Green} tensor},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L16301},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL047442}
}
@article{vanzelst19,
  title = {Modeling Megathrust Earthquakes Across Scales:
                  One-way Coupling From Geodynamics and Seismic Cycles
                  to Dynamic Rupture},
  author = {van Zelst, Iris and Wollherr, Stephanie and Gabriel,
                  Alice-Agnes and Madden, Elizabeth H and van Dinther,
                  Ylona},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {11414--11446},
  year = 2019
}
@article{vanzelst21,
  author = {van Zelst, Iris and Rannabauer, Leonhard and
                  Gabriel, Alice-Agnes and van Dinther, Ylona},
  title = {Earthquake rupture on multiple splay faults and its
                  effect on tsunamis},
  journal = {EarthArXiv},
  year = 2021,
  doi = {10.31223/X5KC74}
}
@article{vargas04,
  author = {Vargas, C. A. and Ugalde, A. and Pujades, L. and
                  Canas, J. A.},
  title = {{Spatial Variation of Coda wave attenuation in
                  northwestern Colombia}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 158,
  pages = {609--624}
}
@article{vargas07,
  title = {Seismic structure of South-Central Andes of Colombia
                  by tomographic inversion},
  author = {Vargas, C. A. and Pujades, L. G. and Montes, L.},
  journal = {Geofis. Int.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {117--127},
  year = 2007,
  publisher = {Instituto de Geof{\'\i}sica, UNAM}
}
@inproceedings{vargas11,
  author = {Vargas, C. A.},
  title = {Tomographic constraints on subducted slabs beneath
                  Colombia: Implications for tectonics and
                  exploration},
  year = 2011,
  booktitle = {XIV Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia},
  address = {Memorias, Medellin, Colombia},
  note = {p. 22}
}
@article{vargas13,
  title = {Tearing and breaking off of subducted slabs as the
                  result of collision of the Panama Arc-Indenter with
                  northwestern South America},
  author = {Vargas, Carlos A and Mann, Paul},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 103,
  pages = {2025--2046},
  year = 2013
}
@article{vasilyev97,
  author = {Vasilyev, O. V. and Yuen, D. A. and Podladchikov,
                  Y. Y.},
  title = {Applicability of wavelet algorithm for geophysical
                  viscoelastic flow},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {3097--3100}
}
@article{vasquez09,
  author = {Vasquez, M. and U. Altenberger and R.L. Romer},
  title = {{Neogene magmatism and its possible causal
                  relationship with hydrocarbon generation in SW
                  Colombia}},
  journal = {Int. J. Earth Sci.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {1053--1062}
}
@article{vassiliou82,
  author = {Vassiliou, M. S. and Kanamori, H. },
  title = {The energy release in earthquakes},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {371--387}
}
@article{vassiliou88,
  author = {Vassiliou, M. S. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Subduction zone earthquakes and stress in slabs},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 128,
  pages = {547--624}
}
@article{vatin-perignon90,
  author = {Vatin-Perignon, N. and P. Goemans and R. Oliver and
                  E. Parra-Palacio},
  title = {{Evaluation of magmatic processes for the products
                  of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia from
                  geochemical and petrological data}},
  journal = {J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {153--176}
}
@article{vauchez12,
  author = {Vauchez, A. and Tommasi, A. and Mainprice, D.},
  title = {Faults (shear zones) in the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 558,
  pages = {1--27}
}
@article{vaughan99,
  author = {Vaughan, P. R. and Thorup, K. M. and Rockwell,
                  T. K.},
  title = {Paleoseismology of the {E}lsinore {F}ault at {A}gua
                  {T}ibia {M}ountain, Southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {1447--1457}
}
@article{vavryvcuk14,
  title = {Iterative joint inversion for stress and fault
                  orientations from focal mechanisms},
  author = {Vavry{\v{c}}uk, V{\'a}clav},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 199,
  pages = {69--77},
  year = 2014
}
@article{veedu16,
  author = {Veedu, D. M. and Barbot, S.},
  title = {{The Parkfield tremors reveal slow and fast ruptures
                  on the same asperity}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 532,
  pages = {361--365}
}
@misc{velandia01,
  author = {Velandia, F. and A. Nu{\~{n}}ez and G. Marquinez},
  title = {{Memoria explicativa del mapa geológico del
                  Departamento del Huila Esc: 1:300.000}},
  howpublished = {INGEOMINAS, Bogota},
  year = 2001,
  note = {152 pp.}
}
@article{velicogna05,
  title = {{Greenland mass balance from GRACE}},
  author = {Velicogna, Isabella and Wahr, John},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 32,
  number = 18,
  year = 2005
}
@book{vening32,
  author = {Vening Meinesz, F. A.},
  title = {Gravity Expeditions At Sea. {Vol. I. T}he
                  Expeditions, The Computations And The Results},
  publisher = {N.V. Technische Boekhandel en Drukkerij J. Waltman
                  Jr},
  year = 1932,
  address = {Delft},
  series = {Publication Of The Netherlands Geodetic Commission}
}
@book{venzke13,
  editor = {Venzke, E.},
  title = {{Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the
                  World, v. 4.9.0}},
  publisher = {Smithsonian Institution},
  year = 2013,
  note = {Downloaded 08 Aug
                  2020. \url{https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013}}
}
@article{verdonck92,
  author = {Verdonck, D. and Furlong, K. P.},
  title = {Stress Accumulation and Release at Complex Transform
                  Plate Boundaries},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {1967--1970}
}
@article{vernant13,
  author = {Vernant, P. and Hivert, F. and Ch{\'{e}}ry, J. and
                  Steer, P. and Cattin, R. and Rigo, A.},
  title = {Erosion-induced isostatic rebound triggers extension
                  in low convergent mountain ranges},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {467--470},
  year = 2013,
  journal = {Geology}
}
@article{vetter81,
  author = {Vetter, U. and Minster, J.-B.},
  title = {$P_n$ velocity anisotropy in southern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 71,
  pages = {1511--1530},
  year = 1981
}
@article{vidale87,
  author = {Vidale, J. E.},
  title = {Waveform effects of a high-velocity, subducted slab},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {542--545}
}
@article{vidale94,
  author = {Vidale, J. E. and Ellsworth, W. L. and Cole, A. and
                  Marone, C.},
  title = {Variations in rupture process with recurrence
                  interval in a repeated small earthquake},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 368,
  pages = {624--627}
}
@article{vidale98,
  author = {Vidale, J. E. and Agnew, D. C. and Johnston,
                  M. J. S. and Oppenheimer, D. H.},
  title = {Absence of earthquake correlation with {E}arth
                  tides: An indication of high preseismic fault stress
                  rate},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {24567--24572}
}
@article{vidale98b,
  author = {Vidale, J. E. and M. A. H. Hedlin},
  title = {{Evidence for partial melt at the core-mantle
                  boundary north of Tonga from the strong scattering
                  of seismic waves}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 391,
  pages = {682--684}
}
@article{viesca15,
  title = {Ubiquitous weakening of faults due to thermal
                  pressurization},
  author = {Viesca, Robert C and Garagash, Dmitry I},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {875--879},
  year = 2015
}
@article{viesca16,
  title = {Self-similar slip instability on interfaces with
                  rate-and state-dependent friction},
  author = {Viesca, Robert C},
  journal = {Proc. Royal Soc. A},
  volume = 472,
  pages = 20160254,
  year = 2016
}
@article{viesca19,
  title = {The slow slip of viscous faults},
  author = {Viesca, Robert C and Dublanchet, Pierre},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  number = 5,
  pages = {4959--4983},
  year = 2019
}
@article{viesca23,
  title = {Frictional state evolution laws and the non-linear
                  nucleation of dynamic shear rupture},
  author = {Viesca, Robert C},
  journal = {J Mech. Phys. Sol.},
  volume = 173,
  pages = 105221,
  year = 2023
}
@article{villa18,
  title = {hIPPYlib: {A}n extensible software framework for
                  large-scale inverse problems},
  author = {Villa, Umberto and Petra, Noemi and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J. Open Source Software},
  volume = 3,
  number = 30,
  pages = 940,
  year = 2018
}
@article{villa21,
  title = {{HIPPYlib: an extensible software framework for
                  large-scale inverse problems governed by PDEs: part
                  I: deterministic inversion and linearized Bayesian
                  inference}},
  author = {Villa, Umberto and Petra, Noemi and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {ACM Trans Math. Soft. (TOMS)},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {1--34},
  year = 2021
}
@article{villagomez11,
  author = {Villag{\'{o}}mez, D. and Spikings, R. and Mora,
                  A. and Guzm{\'{a}}n, G. and Ojeda, G. and
                  Cort{\'{e}}s, E. and van der Lelij, R.},
  title = {{Vertical tectonics at a continental crust‐oceanic
                  plateau plate boundary zone: Fission track
                  thermochronology of the Sierra Nevada de Santa
                  Marta, Colombia}},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 30,
  number = {TC4004},
  doi = {10.1029/2010TC002835}
}
@article{villagomez11b,
  author = {Villag{\'{o}}mez, D. and Spikings, R. and Magna,
                  T. and Kammer, A. and Winkler, W. and Beltran, A.},
  title = {Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic evolution
                  of the {W}estern and {C}entral cordilleras of
                  {C}olombia},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {875--896}
}
@article{vine63,
  author = {Vine, F. J. and Matthews, D. H.},
  title = {Magnetic anomalies over ocean ridges},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 199,
  pages = {947--949}
}
@article{vink84,
  author = {Vink, G. E. and Morgan, W. J. and Zhao, W.-L.},
  title = {Preferential rifting of continents: A source of
                  displaced terranes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {10072--10076}
}
@article{vinnik07,
  author = {Vinnik, L. and I. Aleshin and S. Kiselev and
                  G. Kosarev and L. Makeyev},
  title = {Depth localized azimuthal anisotropy from {$SKS$}
                  and {$P$} receiver functions: the {Tien Shan}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 169,
  pages = {1289--1299}
}
@article{vinnik77,
  title = {{Detection of waves converted from P to SV in the
                  mantle}},
  author = {Vinnik, LP},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 15,
  number = 1,
  pages = {39--45},
  year = 1977
}
@article{vinnik83,
  author = {L. P. Vinnik and R. A. Avetisjan and
                  N. G. Mikhailova},
  title = {Heterogeneities in the mantle transition zone from
                  observations of {P-to-SV} converted waves},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1983,
  volume = 33,
  pages = {149--163}
}
@article{vinnik84,
  author = {Vinnik, L. and Kosarev, G. L. and Makeyeva, L. I.},
  title = {Anisotropy of the lithosphere from the observations
                  of {$SKS$} and {$SKKS$} phases},
  journal = {Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 278,
  pages = {1335--1339}
}
@article{vinnik89,
  author = {Vinnik, L. P. and Farra, V. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Azimuthal anisotropy in the {E}arth from
                  observations of {$SKS$} at {G}eoscope and {N}ars
                  broadband stations},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 79,
  pages = {1542--1558}
}
@article{vinnik89b,
  author = {Vinnik, L. P. and Kind, R. and Kosarev, G. L. and
                  Makeyeva, L.},
  title = {Azimuthal anisotropy in the lithosphere from
                  observations of long-period {S}-waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {549--559}
}
@article{vinnik92,
  author = {Vinnik, L. P. and Makeyeva, L. I. and Milev, A. and
                  Usenko, Y.},
  title = {Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and
                  deformation in the continental mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 111,
  pages = {433--447}
}
@article{vinnik95,
  author = {Vinnik, L. P. and Green, R. W. E. and Nicolaysen,
                  L. O.},
  title = {Recent deformations of the deep continental root
                  beneath southern {A}frica},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {50--52}
}
@article{virieux86,
  author = {Virieux, J.},
  title = {{P-SV} wave propagation in heterogeneous media:
                  {V}elocity-stress finite-difference method},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 51,
  pages = {889--901}
}
@unpublished{virtual_earth,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Barmin, M. and Yambert, J. and Moresi,
                  L.},
  title = {{Virtual Earth:} {A}n Interactive Tool To Learn How
                  the {E}arth's Interior Works},
  note = {Online at \url{virtual-earth.colorado.edu/},
                  accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2003
}
@article{visser08,
  author = {Visser, K. and Trampert, J. and Lebedev, S. and
                  Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {Probability of radial anisotropy in the deep mantle},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 270,
  pages = {241--250}
}
@article{visser08b,
  author = {Visser, K. and Trampert, J. and Kennett, B. L. N.},
  title = {Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for higher
                  mode {L}ove and {R}ayleigh waves},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {1016--1032}
}
@book{voigt28,
  author = {Voigt, W.},
  title = {Lehrbuch der Kristallphysik},
  publisher = {Teuber Verlag},
  year = 1928
}
@article{voisin07,
  author = {C. Voisin and F. Renard and J.-R. Grasso},
  title = {Long term friction: {F}rom stick-slip to stable
                  sliding},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 34,
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL029715}
}
@article{vonblancken95,
  title = {{Slab breakoff: a model for syncollisional magmatism
                  and tectonics in the Alps}},
  author = {von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm and Davies, J Huw},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {120--131},
  year = 1995
}
@article{vonhuene04,
  title = {Generic model of subduction erosion},
  author = {von Huene, Roland and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and
                  Vannucchi, Paola},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 32,
  pages = {913--916},
  year = 2004
}
@article{vonhuene90,
  title = {{Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru
                  convergent margins}},
  author = {von Huene, Roland and Lallemand, Serge},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  volume = 102,
  pages = {704--720},
  year = 1990
}
@article{vonhuene91,
  title = {Observations at convergent margins concerning
                  sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the
                  growth of continental crust},
  author = {von Huene, Roland and Scholl, David W},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {279--316},
  year = 1991
}
@article{vonhuene99,
  title = {{Opposing gradients of permanent strain in the
                  aseismic zone and elastic strain across the
                  seismogenic zone of the Kodiak shelf and slope,
                  Alaska}},
  author = {von Huene, R and Klaeschen, D},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {248--262},
  year = 1999
}
@book{voo93,
  author = {van der Voo, R.},
  title = {{Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic Thethys and Iapetus
                  Oceans}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 1993,
  address = {Cambridge}
}
@article{voss18,
  author = {N. Voss and T. H. Dixon and R. Malservisi and
                  M. Protti and S. Schwartz},
  title = {Do slow slip events trigger large and great
                  megathrust earthquakes?},
  journal = {Sci. Adv.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 4,
  number = {eaat8472}
}
@book{vtk,
  author = {Schroeder, W. and Martin, K. and Lorensen, B.},
  title = {The Visualization Toolkit, An Object-Oriented
                  Approach To 3D Graphics},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = 1997,
  edition = 2
}
@article{vvedenskaya,
  author = {Vvedenskaya, A.V.},
  title = {Determination of Displacement Fields for Earthquakes
                  by Means of the Dislocation Theory},
  journal = {Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Geophys.},
  year = 1959,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {277--284},
  info = {auf Russisch}
}
@article{wada08,
  title = {Weakening of the subduction interface and its
                  effects on surface heat flow, slab dehydration, and
                  mantle wedge serpentinization},
  author = {Wada, Ikuko and Wang, Kelin and He, Jiangheng and
                  Hyndman, Roy D},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B4},
  year = 2008
}
@article{wada09,
  author = {Wada, I. and Wang, K.},
  title = {Common depth of slab-mantle decoupling:
                  {R}econciling diversity and uniformity of subduction
                  zones},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q10009},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002570}
}
@article{wada11,
  title = {Sharp thermal transition in the forearc mantle wedge
                  as a consequence of nonlinear mantle wedge flow},
  author = {Wada, I. and Rychert, C. A. and Wang, K.},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L13308},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL047705}
}
@article{wada15,
  author = {Wada, I. and He, J. and Hasegawa, A. and Nakajima,
                  J.},
  title = {{Mantle wedge flow pattern and thermal structure in
                  Northeast Japan: Effects of oblique subduction and
                  3-D slab geometry}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 426,
  pages = {76--88}
}
@article{wada17,
  title = {Thermal structure of the {Kanto region, Japan}},
  author = {Wada, Ikuko and He, Jiangheng},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {7194--7202},
  year = 2017
}
@techreport{wada19,
  author = {Ikuko Wada and Leif Karlstrom and Diane Arcay and
                  Luca Caricchi and Patrick Fulton and Taras Gerya and
                  Kayla Iacovino and Tobias Keller and Rachel Lauer
                  and Gabriel Lotto and Laurent Montesi and Tianhaozhe
                  Sun and Hans Vrijmoed and Jessica Warren},
  title = {{Modeling Collaboratory for Subduction RCN Fluid
                  Migration Workshop Report}},
  institution = {Modeling Collaboratory for Subduction},
  year = 2019,
  address = {Austin TX},
  note = {Available online at \url{https://bit.ly/3p5ia6R},
                  accessed 10/2021}
}
@article{wada20,
  author = {Wada, Ikuko and Karlstrom, L.},
  title = {Modeling fluid migration in subduction zones},
  journal = {Eos},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 101,
  doi = {10.1029/2020EO145551}
}
@article{wadati28,
  title = {Shallow and deep earthquakes},
  author = {Wadati, Kiyoo},
  journal = {Geophys. Mag.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {162--202},
  year = 1928
}
@article{wadati29,
  title = {Shallow and deep earthquakes (2nd paper)},
  author = {Wadati, K},
  journal = {Geophys. Mag.},
  volume = 2,
  pages = {1--36},
  year = 1929
}
@article{wadati31,
  title = {Shallow and deep earthquakes (3rd paper)},
  author = {Wadati, K},
  journal = {Geophys. Mag.},
  volume = 4,
  pages = {231--283},
  year = 1931
}
@article{wadati35,
  title = {On the activity of deep-focus earthquakes in the
                  {J}apan islands and neighbourhoods},
  author = {Wadati, K},
  journal = {Geophys. Mag.},
  volume = 8,
  pages = {305--325},
  year = 1935
}
@article{wagner05,
  author = {L. S. Wagner and S. Beck and G. Zandt},
  title = {{Upper mantle structure in the south central Chilean
                  subduction zone (30$^\circ$ to 36$^\circ$S)}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B01308},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003238}
}
@article{wagner06,
  author = {L. S. Wagner and S. Beck and G. Zandt and
                  M. N. Ducea},
  title = {{Depleted lithosphere, cold, trapped asthenosphere,
                  and frozen melt puddles above the flat slab in
                  central Chile and Argentina}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 245,
  pages = {289--301}
}
@article{wagner17,
  author = {Wagner, L. and Jaramillo, J. S. and
                  Ram{\'{i}}rez-Hoyos, L. F. and Monsalve, G. and
                  Cardona, A. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {Transient slab flattening beneath {C}olombia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 44,
  pages = {6616--6623}
}
@article{wahr93,
  title = {Secular changes in rotation and gravity: evidence of
                  post-glacial rebound or of changes in polar ice?},
  author = {Wahr, John and Dazhong, Han and Trupin, Andrew and
                  Lindqvist, Varna},
  journal = {Adv. Space Res.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {257--269},
  year = 1993
}
@article{walcott72,
  author = {Walcott, R. I.},
  title = {Past sea levels, eustasy and deformation of the
                  earth},
  journal = {Quatern. Res.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {1--14}
}
@article{walcott73,
  title = {Structure of the earth from glacio-isostatic
                  rebound},
  author = {Walcott, Richard I},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {15--37},
  year = 1973
}
@article{wald,
  author = {Wald, D. J. and Heaton, T. H.},
  title = {Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Slip for the
                  1992 {L}anders, {C}alifornia Earthquake },
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  note = {668-691}
}
@article{wald94,
  title = {{Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the
                  1992 Landers, California, earthquake}},
  author = {Wald, David J and Heaton, Thomas H},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 84,
  pages = {668--691},
  year = 1994
}
@article{waldhauser00,
  author = {Waldhauser, F. and Ellsworth, W. L.},
  title = {{A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:
                  Method and application to the northern Hayward
                  Fault, California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 90,
  number = 6,
  pages = {1353--1368},
  year = 2000
}
@manual{waldhauser01,
  title = {HypoDD-A program to compute double-difference
                  hypocenter locations},
  author = {Waldhauser, F.},
  organization = {US Geological Survey},
  year = 2001,
  note = {Open File Report, 01-113}
}
@article{waldhauser02,
  title = {Fault structure and mechanics of the {H}ayward
                  fault, {C}alifornia, from double-difference
                  earthquake locations},
  author = {Waldhauser, Felix and Ellsworth, William L},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 107,
  number = {B3},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000084},
  year = 2002
}
@article{walker04,
  author = {Walker, K. T. and Bokelmann, G. H. R. and Klemperer,
                  S. L.},
  title = {Shear-wave splitting beneath the {Snake River Plain}
                  suggests a mantle upwelling beneath eastern
                  {N}evada, {USA}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 222,
  pages = {529--542}
}
@article{walker04b,
  title = {{On the relationship between extension and
                  anisotropy: Constraints from shear wave splitting
                  across the East African Plateau}},
  author = {Walker, Kristoffer T and Nyblade, Andrew A and
                  Klemperer, Simon L and Bokelmann, G{\"o}tz HR and
                  Owens, Thomas J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002866},
  number = {B08302},
  year = 2004
}
@incollection{walker05,
  author = {Walker, K. T. and Bokelmann, G. H. R. and Klemperer,
                  S. L. and Nyblade, A.},
  title = {Shear-wave splitting around hotspots: Evidence for
                  upwelling-related mantle flow?},
  booktitle = {Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms},
  pages = {171--192},
  publisher = {Geological Society of America},
  year = 2005,
  editor = {Foulger, G. and Natland, J. H. and Presnall,
                  D. C. and Anderson, D. L.},
  volume = 388,
  series = {Geolog. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap.}
}
@article{walker11,
  author = {Walker, A. M. and Forte, A. M. and Wookey, J. and
                  Nowacki, A. and Kendall, J.-M. },
  title = {{Elastic anisotropy of D'' predicted from global
                  models of mantle flow}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 12,
  number = {Q10006},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003732}
}
@misc{walker18,
  author = {Walker, J.D. and Geissman, J.W. and Bowring,
                  S.A. and Babcock, L.E.},
  title = {{Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0}},
  howpublished = {10.1130/2018.CTS005R3C},
  year = 2018,
  note = {The Geological Society of America}
}
@article{walker81,
  author = {Walker, J. G. C. and Hayes, P. and Kasting, J.},
  title = {A negative feedback mechanism for the longterm
                  stabilization of {E}arth's surface temperature},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1981,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {9776--9782}
}
@article{walker82,
  title = {Climatic factors on the Archean Earth},
  author = {Walker, James CG},
  journal = {Palaeogeo., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol.},
  volume = 40,
  pages = {1--11},
  year = 1982
}
@article{wallace09,
  author = {L. M. Wallace and M. Reyners and U. Cochran and
                  S. Bannister and P. M. Barnes and K. Berryman and
                  G. Downes and D. Eberhart-Phillips and
                  {\AA}. Fagereng and S. Ellis and A. Nicol and
                  R. McCaffrey and R. J. Beavan and S. Henrys and
                  R. Sutherland and D. H. N. Barker and N. Litchfield
                  and J. Townend and R. Robinson and R. Bell and
                  K. Wilson and W. Power},
  title = {{Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major
                  plate boundary subduction thrust: Hikurangi Margin,
                  New Zealand}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 10,
  number = {Q10006},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002610}
}
@article{wallace12,
  title = {{Simultaneous long-term and short-term slow slip
                  events at the Hikurangi subduction margin, New
                  Zealand: Implications for processes that control
                  slow slip event occurrence, duration, and
                  migration}},
  author = {Wallace, Laura M and Beavan, John and Bannister,
                  Stephen and Williams, Charles},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 117,
  number = {B11402},
  doi = {10.1029/2012JB009489},
  year = 2012
}
@article{wallace16,
  title = {Slow slip near the trench at the {Hikurangi}
                  subduction zone, {New Zealand}},
  author = {Wallace, Laura M and Webb, Spahr C and Ito,
                  Yoshihiro and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Hino, Ryota
                  and Henrys, Stuart and Schwartz, Susan Y and
                  Sheehan, Anne F},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 352,
  pages = {701--704},
  year = 2016
}
@article{wallace17,
  title = {Large-scale dynamic triggering of shallow slow slip
                  enhanced by overlying sedimentary wedge},
  author = {Wallace, Laura M and Kaneko, Yoshihiro and
                  Hreinsd{\'o}ttir, Sigr{\'u}n and Hamling, Ian and
                  Peng, Zhigang and Bartlow, Noel and D'Anastasio,
                  Elisabetta and Fry, Bill},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {765--770},
  year = 2017
}
@article{wallace18,
  author = {Wallace, L. M. and Hreinsd{\'o}ttir, S. and Ellis,
                  Sa. and Hamling, I. and D'Anastasio, E. and Denys,
                  P.},
  title = {Triggered slow slip and afterslip on the southern
                  {H}ikurangi subduction zone following the
                  {Kaik\=oura} earthquake},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 45,
  pages = {4710--4718}
}
@inproceedings{wallace19,
  author = {Wallace, L.M. and Saffer, D.M. and Barnes, P.M. and
                  Pecher, I.A. and Petronotis, K.E. and LeVay,
                  L.J. and {the Expedition 372/375 Scientists}},
  title = {Hikurangi Subduction Margin Coring, Logging, and
                  Observatories},
  booktitle = {Proc. Int. Ocean Discovery Prog.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = {372B/375},
  doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.372B375.2019},
  address = {College Station, TX}
}
@article{wallace20,
  title = {Slow Slip Events in {N}ew {Z}ealand},
  author = {Wallace, Laura M},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-earth-071719-055104},
  year = 2020
}
@article{wallace87,
  author = {Wallace, R. E.},
  title = {{Grouping and migration of surface faulting and
                  variation in slip rates on faults in the Great Basin
                  province}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 77,
  pages = {868--877}
}
@inproceedings{walls97,
  author = {Walls, C. and Rockwell, T. K. and Pfanner, J. and
                  Bornyaxz, M. and Lindvall, S. },
  title = {{Uplift gradient along the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga
                  fault zone, Los Angeles, California} (abstract)},
  pages = 72,
  year = 1997,
  volume = 29,
  booktitle = {The Geological Society of America, Cordilleran
                  Section. Abstracts with Programs}
}
@article{walter82,
  author = {Walter, A. W. and Mooney, W. D.},
  title = {{Crustal structure of the Diablo and Gabilan ranges,
                  central California: A reinterpretation of existing
                  data}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 72,
  pages = {1567--1590}
}
@article{walton2013reduced,
  title = {Reduced order modelling for unsteady fluid flow
                  using proper orthogonal decomposition and radial
                  basis functions},
  author = {Walton, S and Hassan, O and Morgan, K},
  journal = {Appl. Math. Model.},
  volume = 37,
  pages = {8930--8945},
  year = 2013
}
@article{walton21,
  title = {Toward an Integrative Geological and Geophysical
                  View of {C}ascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes},
  author = {Walton, M A L and Staisch, L M and Dura, T and
                  Pearl, J K and Sherrod, B and Gomberg, J and
                  Engelhart, S and Tr{\'e}hu, A and Watt, J and
                  Perkins, J and Witter, R C and Bartlow, N. and
                  Goldfinger, C. and Kelsey, H. and Morey, A E. and
                  Sahakian, V. J. and Tobin, H. and Wang, K. and
                  Wells, R. and Wirth, E.},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2021,
  pages = {367--398}
}
@article{walzer08,
  author = {Walzer, U. and Hendel, R.},
  title = {Mantle convection and evolution with growing
                  continents},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  doi = {10.1029/2007B005459}
}
@article{walzer97a,
  author = {Walzer, U. and Hendel, R.},
  title = {Time-dependent thermal convection, mantle
                  differentiation and continental-crust growth},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 130,
  pages = {303--325}
}
@article{walzer97b,
  author = {Walzer, U. and Hendel, R.},
  title = {Tectonic episodicity and convective feedback
                  mechanisms},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {167--188}
}
@article{walzer99,
  author = {Walzer, U. and Hendel, R.},
  title = {A new convection-fractionation model for the
                  evolution of the principal geochemical reservoirs of
                  the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 112,
  pages = {211--256}
}
@article{wang00,
  author = {Wang, K.},
  title = {{Stress–strain `paradox', plate coupling, and
                  forearc seismicity at the Cascadia and Nankai
                  subduction zones}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 319,
  pages = {321--338}
}
@article{wang01,
  author = {Wang, S. and Wang, R.},
  title = {Current plate velocities relative to hotspots:
                  implications for hotspot motion, mantle viscosity
                  and global reference frame},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 189,
  pages = {133--140}
}
@article{wang03,
  author = {Wang, K. and Wells, R. and Mazzotti, S. and Hyndman,
                  R. D. and Sagiya, T.},
  title = {{A revised dislocation model of interseismic
                  deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 108,
  number = 2026,
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001227}
}
@article{wang04,
  author = {Wang, Y. and Wen, L.},
  title = {Mapping the geometry and geographic distribution of
                  a very low velocity province at the base of the
                  {Earth's} mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  number = {B10305},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002674}
}
@article{wang05,
  author = {Wang, Z. and Zhao, D. and Mishra, O. P. and Yamada,
                  A.},
  title = {{Structural heterogeneity and its implications for
                  the low frequency tremors in Southwest Japan}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 251,
  pages = {66--78}
}
@article{wang07,
  author = {Wang, Y. and Wen, L.},
  title = {Complex seismic anisotropy at the border of a very
                  low velocity province at the base of the {E}arth’s
                  mantle},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B09305},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004719}
}
@incollection{wang07_sub,
  author = {Wang, K.},
  title = {Elastic and viscoelastic models of crustal
                  deformation in subduction earthquake cycles},
  booktitle = {The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {T. Dixon and J. C. Moore},
  pages = {540--575}
}
@article{wang08,
  author = {Wang, J. and Zhao, D.},
  title = {{P-wave anisotropic tomography beneath Northeast
                  Japan}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {115--133}
}
@article{wang11,
  author = {X. Wang and F. Niu},
  title = {{Imaging the mantle transition zone beneath eastern
                  and central China with CEArray receiver functions}},
  journal = {Earthq. Sci.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {65--75}
}
@article{wang11b,
  title = {Do subducting seamounts generate or stop large
                  earthquakes?},
  author = {Wang, Kelin and Bilek, Susan L},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 39,
  pages = {819--822},
  year = 2011
}
@article{wang12,
  author = {Wang, K. and Hu, Y. and He, J.},
  title = {{Deformation cycles of subduction earthquakes in a
                  viscoelastic Earth}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 484,
  pages = {327--332}
}
@article{wang12b,
  author = {Wang, Jian and Zhao, Dapeng},
  title = {{P wave anisotropic tomography of the Nankai
                  subduction zone in Southwest Japan}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 13,
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004081},
  year = 2012
}
@inproceedings{wang13,
  author = {Wang, X. and Holt, W. E. and Ghosh, A.},
  title = {The lithospheric stress field from joint modeling of
                  lithosphere and mantle circulation using constraints
                  from the latest global tomography models (abstract)},
  booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2013,
  note = {AGU Fall Meeting - abstract T51E-2516}
}
@article{wang13b,
  author = {N. Wang and J.-P. Montagner and A. Fichtner and
                  Y. Capdeville },
  title = {{Intrinsic versus extrinsic seismic anisotropy: The
                  radial anisotropy in reference Earth models}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 40,
  pages = {4284--4288}
}
@article{wang14,
  title = {{F}ault creep caused by subduction of rough seafloor
                  relief},
  author = {Wang, K. and Bilek, S. L.},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 610,
  pages = {1--24},
  year = 2014
}
@article{wang14b,
  title = {Craton stability and longevity: {T}he roles of
                  composition-dependent rheology and buoyancy},
  author = {Wang, Hongliang and van Hunen, Jeroen and Pearson, D
                  Graham and Allen, Mark B},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 391,
  pages = {224--233},
  year = 2014
}
@article{wang16,
  author = {Wang, K. and Tr{\`{e}}hu, A. M.},
  title = {Some outstanding issues in the study of great
                  megathrust earthquakes - {The Cascadia} example},
  journal = {J. Geodynamics},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {1--18}
}
@article{wang18,
  author = {K. Wang and T. Sun and L. Brown and R. Hino and
                  F. Tomita and M. Kido and T. Iinuma and S. Kodaira
                  and T. Fujiwara},
  title = {Learning from crustal deformation associated with
                  the {M9 2011 Tohoku-oki} earthquake},
  journal = {Geosphere},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {552--571}
}
@article{wang18b,
  title = {{Making Archean cratonic roots by lateral
                  compression: a two-stage thickening and
                  stabilization model}},
  author = {Wang, Hongliang and van Hunen, Jeroen and Pearson, D
                  Graham},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {562--571},
  year = 2018
}
@article{wang19,
  title = {{Evidence of changes of seismic properties in the
                  entire crust beneath Japan after the Mw 9.0, 2011
                  Tohoku-oki earthquake}},
  author = {Wang, Q.-Y. and Campillo, M. and Brenguier, F. and
                  Lecointre, A. and Takeda, T.  and Hashima, A.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {8924--8941},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wang19b,
  author = {K. Wang and L. Brown and Y. Hu and K. Yoshida and
                  J. He and T. Sun},
  title = {Stable forearc stressed by a weak megathrust:
                  Mechanical and geodynamic implications of stress
                  changes caused by the {M=9 Tohoku-oki} earthquake},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {6179--6194}
}
@article{wang19c,
  author = {Wang, W. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{Upper mantle seismic anisotropy as a constraint for
                  mantle flow and continental dynamics of the North
                  American Plate}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 514,
  pages = {143--155}
}
@article{wang19d,
  title = {Observational test of the global moving hot spot
                  reference frame},
  author = {Wang, Chengzu and Gordon, Richard G and Zhang, Tuo
                  and Zheng, Lin},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {8031--8038},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wang19e,
  title = {{Mountain building in Taiwan: Insights from 3-D
                  geodynamic models}},
  author = {Wang, Xinxin and Kaus, Boris JP and Zhao, Liang and
                  Yang, Jianfeng and Li, Yang},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {5924--5950},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wang22,
  title = {Predicting future laboratory fault friction through
                  deep learning transformer models},
  author = {Wang, Kun and Johnson, Christopher W and Bennett,
                  Kane C and Johnson, Paul A},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {e2022GL098233},
  year = 2022
}
@article{wang22b,
  title = {{Seismic evidence for uniform crustal accretion
                  along slow-spreading ridges in the equatorial
                  Atlantic Ocean}},
  author = {Wang, Zhikai and Singh, Satish C},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 13,
  pages = 7809,
  year = 2022
}
@article{wang23,
  title = {Tensile cracks can shatter classical speed limits},
  author = {Wang, Meng and Shi, Songlin and Fineberg, Jay},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 381,
  pages = {415--419},
  year = 2023
}
@article{wang94,
  author = {Wang, Y. and Weidner, D. J. and Liebermann,
                  R. C. and Zhao, Y.},
  title = {P--{V}--{T} equations of state of ({M}g,
                  {F}e){SiO}$_3$ perovskite: constraints on
                  composition of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {13--40}
}
@article{wang95,
  author = {Wang, Z. and Dahlen, F. A.},
  title = {Spherical-spline parameterization of
                  three-dimensional {E}arth models},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {3099--3102}
}
@article{wang96,
  author = {Wang, Y. and Weidner, D. J.},
  title = {($\partial \mu/\partial T$)$_P$ of the lower mantle},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {533--549}
}
@article{wang97,
  author = {Wang, C. and Cal, Y.},
  title = {Sensitivity of earthquakes cycles onthe {S}an
                  {A}ndreas fault to small changes in regional
                  compression},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 388,
  pages = {159--161}
}
@article{wang99,
  title = {{Mechanics of low-stress forearcs: Nankai and
                  Cascadia}},
  author = {Wang, Kelin and He, Jiangheng},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15191--15205},
  year = 1999
}
@article{wangetal20,
  author = {Wang, Kai and Jiang, Chengxin and Yang, Yingjie and
                  Schulte-Pelkum, Vera and Liu, Qinya},
  title = {{Crustal deformation in southern California
                  constrained by radial anisotropy from ambient noise
                  adjoint tomography}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 47,
  number = 12,
  doi = {10.1029/2020GL088580}
}
@article{wannamaker14,
  author = {P. E. Wannamaker and R. L. Evans and P. A. Bedrosian
                  and M. J. Unsworth and V. Maris and R. S. McGary},
  title = {{Segmentation of plate coupling, fate of subduction
                  fluids, and modes of arc magmatism in Cascadia,
                  inferred from magnetotelluric resistivity}},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 15,
  pages = {4230--4253}
}
@article{ward00,
  author = {Ward, S. N.},
  title = {{S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea earthquake
                  simulations, a step toward a standard physical
                  earthquake model},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 90,
  pages = {370--386}
}
@article{ward12,
  title = {{ALLCAL earthquake simulator}},
  author = {Ward, Steven N},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 83,
  pages = {964--972},
  year = 2012
}
@article{ward16,
  title = {Lithospheric structure beneath the northern Central
                  Andean Plateau from the joint inversion of ambient
                  noise and earthquake-generated surface waves},
  author = {Ward, Kevin M and Zandt, George and Beck, Susan L
                  and Wagner, Lara S and Tavera, Hernando},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {8217--8238},
  year = 2016
}
@article{ward1991,
  author = {Ward, P. L.},
  title = {On plate tectonics and the geological evolution of
                  southwestern {N}orth {A}merica},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 96,
  pages = {12479--12496},
  year = 1991
}
@article{ward93,
  author = {Ward, S. N. and Goes, S. D. B.},
  title = {How regularly do earthquakes recur? {A} synthetic
                  seismicity model for the {S}an {A}ndreas fault},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 20,
  pages = {2131--2134},
  month = {October}
}
@article{ward94,
  author = {Ward, S. N.},
  title = {Constraints on the seismotectonics of the central
                  {M}editerranean from {V}ery {L}ong {B}aseline
                  {I}nterferometry},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 117,
  pages = {441--452}
}
@article{ward95,
  author = {Ward, S. N.},
  title = {A synthetic seismicity model for {S}outhern
                  {C}alifornia: {C}ycles, probabilities, and hazard},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {22393--22418},
  month = {October}
}
@article{ward98,
  author = {Ward, S. N.},
  title = {On the consistency of earthquake moment rates,
                  geological fault data, and space geodetic strain:
                  the {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 134,
  pages = {172--186}
}
@article{warners-ruckstuhl12,
  author = {Warners-Ruckstuhl, K. N. and Govers, R. and Wortel,
                  R.},
  title = {Lithosphere-mantle coupling and the dynamics of the
                  {E}urasian Plate},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 189,
  pages = {1253--1276}
}
@article{warren-smith19,
  title = {Episodic stress and fluid pressure cycling in
                  subducting oceanic crust during slow slip},
  author = {Warren-Smith, E and Fry, B and Wallace, L and Chon,
                  E and Henrys, S and Sheehan, A and Mochizuki, K and
                  Schwartz, S and Webb, S and Lebedev, S},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {475--481},
  year = 2019
}
@article{warren02,
  author = {Warren, L. and Shearer, P.},
  title = {{Mapping lateral variations in upper mantle
                  attenuation by stacking $P$ and $PP$ spectra}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 107,
  number = {10.1029/2001JB001195}
}
@article{warren07,
  author = {Warren, L. M. and A. N. Hughes and P. G. Silver},
  title = {{Earthquake mechanics and deformation in the
                  Tonga-Kermadec subduction zones from fault-plane
                  orientations of intermediate- and deep-focus
                  earthquakes}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B05314},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004677}
}
@article{warren08,
  author = {Warren, L. M. and M. A. Langstaff and P. G. Silver},
  title = {{Fault-plane orientations of intermediate-depth
                  earthquakes in the Middle America Trench}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B01304},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005028}
}
@article{warren19,
  title = {Episodic stress and fluid pressure cycling in
                  subducting oceanic crust during slow slip},
  author = {Warren-Smith, E and Fry, B and Wallace, L and Chon,
                  E and Henrys, S and Sheehan, A and Mochizuki, K and
                  Schwartz, S and Webb, S and Lebedev, S},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {475--481},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wasserburg79,
  author = {Wasserburg, G. J. and DePaolo, D. J.},
  title = {Models of Earth structure inferred from neodymium
                  and strontium isotopic abundances},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 1979,
  volume = 76,
  pages = {3594--3598}
}
@inproceedings{waterhouse08,
  author = {Waterhouse, H. D. and Milner, K. and Becker, T. W.},
  title = {{SEATREE: An Interactive Visual Environment for
                  Earthquake Science}},
  booktitle = {2008 SCEC Annual Meeting},
  pages = {1-007},
  year = 2008
}
@book{watson83,
  author = {Watson, G. S.},
  title = {Statistics on spheres},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 1983,
  address = {New York}
}
@article{watt76,
  title = {The elastic properties of composite materials},
  author = {Watt, J Peter and Davies, Geoffrey F and O'Connell,
                  Richard J},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 14,
  pages = {541--563},
  year = 1976
}
@article{watterson,
  author = {Watterson, J.},
  title = {Fault Dimensions, Displacements and Growth},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {365--373}
}
@book{watts01,
  author = {Watts, A. B.},
  title = {Isostasy and flexure of the lithosphere},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 2001
}
@article{watts13,
  title = {The behavior of the lithosphere on seismic to
                  geologic timescales},
  author = {Watts, A. B. and Zhong, S. J. and Hunter, J.},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {443--468},
  year = 2013
}
@article{watts17,
  author = {Watts, A. B. and Moore, J. D. P.},
  title = {Flexural isostasy: {C}onstraints from gravity and
                  topography power spectra},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 122,
  pages = {8417--8430}
}
@article{watts78,
  author = {Watts, A. B.},
  title = {{An analysis of isostasy in the World's Oceans
                  1. Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 83,
  pages = {5989--6004}
}
@article{wdowinski01,
  author = {Wdowinski, S. and Sudman, Y. and Bock, Y.},
  title = {Geodetic detection of active faults in
                  {S}. {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {2321--2324}
}
@article{wdowinski89,
  author = {Wdowinski, S. and O'Connell, R. J. and England,
                  P. C.},
  title = {A continuum model of continental deformation above
                  subduction zones: {A}pplication to the {A}ndes and
                  the {A}egean},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {10331--10346}
}
@article{webber18,
  title = {``{V}irtual shear box'' experiments of stress and
                  slip cycling within a subduction interface
                  m{\'e}lange},
  author = {Webber, Sam and Ellis, Susan and Fagereng, {\AA}ke},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 488,
  pages = {27--35},
  year = 2018
}
@article{weber01,
  author = {J. C. Weber and T. H. Dixon and C. DeMets and
                  W. B. Ambeh and P. Jansma and G. Mattioli and
                  J. Saleh and G. Sella and R. Bilham and
                  O. P{\'{e}}rez},
  title = {{GPS estimate of relative motion between the
                  Caribbean and South American plates, and geologic
                  implications for Trinidad and Venezuela}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 29,
  pages = {75--78}
}
@article{wech11,
  author = {Wech, A. G. and Creager, K. C.},
  title = {A continuum of stress, strength and slip in the
                  {C}ascadia subduction zone},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 4,
  pages = {624--628}
}
@article{wechsler18,
  title = {{Variable slip-rate and slip-per-event on a plate
                  boundary fault: The Dead Sea fault in northern
                  Israel}},
  author = {Wechsler, Neta and Rockwell, Thomas K and Klinger,
                  Yann},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 722,
  pages = {210--226},
  year = 2018
}
@book{weertman64,
  title = {Elementary dislocation theory},
  author = {Weertman, Johannes and Weertman, Julia Randall},
  year = 1964,
  publisher = {Macmillan}
}
@article{weertman70,
  author = {Weertman, J.},
  title = {The creep strength of the {E}arth's mantle},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
  year = 1970,
  volume = 8,
  pages = {145--168}
}
@article{weertman75,
  title = {High temperature creep of rock and mantle viscosity},
  author = {Weertman, Johannes and Weertman, Julia R},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {293--315},
  year = 1975
}
@article{wegener12,
  author = {Wegener, A.},
  title = {{Die Entstehung der Kontinente}},
  journal = {Geolog. Rundsch.},
  year = 1912,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {276--292}
}
@book{wegener15,
  author = {Wegener, A.},
  title = {{Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane}},
  publisher = {Vieweg},
  year = 1915,
  address = {Braunschweig}
}
@book{wegener22,
  author = {Wegener, A.},
  title = {{Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane}},
  publisher = {Vieweg},
  edition = 3,
  address = {Braunschweig},
  year = 1922
}
@book{wegener24,
  author = {Wegener, A.},
  title = {The Origin of Continents and Oceans},
  publisher = {Methuen and Co.},
  year = 1924,
  note = {Translation of \cite{wegener22}},
  address = {London}
}
@book{wegener29,
  author = {Wegener, A.},
  title = {{Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane}},
  publisher = {Vieweg},
  edition = 4,
  address = {Braunschweig},
  year = 1929
}
@article{wei06,
  author = {Wei, M. and Sandwell, D. T.},
  title = {Estimates of heat flow from {C}enozoic seafloor
                  using global depth and age data},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 417,
  pages = {325--335}
}
@article{wei10,
  title = {Optimal combination of {InSAR} and {GPS} for
                  measuring interseismic crustal deformation},
  author = {Wei, Meng and Sandwell, David T. and Smith-Konter,
                  Bridget},
  journal = {Adv Space Res.},
  volume = 46,
  pages = {236--249},
  year = 2010
}
@article{wei18,
  title = {{Numerical modeling of dynamically triggered shallow
                  slow slip events in New Zealand by the 2016 Mw 7.8
                  Kaikoura earthquake}},
  author = {Wei, Meng and Kaneko, Yoshihiro and Shi, Pengcheng
                  and Liu, Yajing},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {4764--4772},
  year = 2018
}
@article{weijermars86,
  author = {Weijermars, R.},
  title = {Flow behavior and physical chemistry of bouncing
                  putty and related polymers in view of tectonic
                  laboratory applications},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {325--358}
}
@article{weijermars86b,
  author = {Weijermars, R. and Schmeling, H.},
  title = {{Scaling of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid
                  dynamics without inertia for quantitative modelling
                  of rock flow due to gravity (including the concept
                  of rheological similarity)}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 43,
  pages = {316--330}
}
@book{weijermars97,
  title = {Principles of Rock Mechanics},
  author = {Weijermars, Ruud and Alekseev, VB and Cuevas, Julia
                  and Vigneresse, Jean Louis and Schmid, Stefan},
  year = 1997,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  publisher = {Alboran Science Publishing}
}
@article{weiss20,
  title = {{High-resolution surface velocities and strain for
                  Anatolia from Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS data}},
  author = {Weiss, Jonathan R and Walters, Richard J and
                  Morishita, Yu and Wright, Tim J and Lazecky, Milan
                  and Wang, Hua and Hussain, Ekbal and Hooper, Andrew
                  J and Elliott, John R and Rollins, Chris and others},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 47,
  pages = {{e2020GL087376}},
  year = 2020
}
@incollection{weiss96,
  author = {Weiss, M. and Elmer, F.-J.},
  title = {A simple model for wearless friction: the
                  {F}renkel-{K}ontorova-{T}omlinson model},
  booktitle = {Physics of sliding friction},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic},
  year = 1996,
  editor = {Persson, B. N. J. and Tosatti, E.},
  pages = {163--178},
  address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
}
@article{weiss97,
  author = {Weiss, M. and Elmer, F.-J.},
  title = {Dry friction in the
                  {F}renkel-{K}ontorova-{T}omlinson model: dynamical
                  properties},
  journal = {Zeitschr. f. Phys. B},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {55--69}
}
@article{weiss99,
  author = {Weiss, T. and Siegesmund, S. and Rabbel, W. and
                  Bohlen, T. and Pohl, M.},
  title = {Seismic velocities and anisotropy of the lower
                  continental crust: {A} Review},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 156,
  pages = {97--122}
}
@incollection{weiss99b,
  title = {Seismic velocities and anisotropy of the lower
                  continental crust: a review},
  author = {Weiss, T and Siegesmund, S and Rabbel, W and Bohlen,
                  T and Pohl, M},
  booktitle = {Seismic Exploration of the Deep Continental Crust},
  pages = {97--122},
  year = 1999,
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{weissel74,
  title = {The Australian-Antarctic discordance: New results
                  and implications},
  author = {Weissel, Jeffrey K and Hayes, Dennis E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {2579--2587},
  year = 1974
}
@article{weldon85,
  author = {Weldon, R. J. and Sieh, K. E.},
  title = {{Holocene rate of slip and tentative recurrence
                  interval for large earthquakes on the {S}an
                  {A}ndreas Fault, Cajon Pass, Southern {C}alifornia}},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {793--812}
}
@article{weller12,
  author = {Weller, M. B. and Lenardic, A.},
  title = {Hysteresis in mantle convection: Plate tectonics
                  systems},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L10202},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL051232}
}
@article{weller19,
  author = {Weller, M. B. and Fuchs, L. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Soderlund, K. M.},
  title = {Convection in thin shells of icy satellites:
                  {E}ffects of latitudinal surface temperature
                  variations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Planets},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {2029--2053}
}
@article{wellman76,
  author = {Wellman, P.},
  title = {Gravity trends and the growth of {A}ustralia: a
                  tentative correlation},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. Austral.},
  year = 1976,
  volume = 23,
  pages = {11--14}
}
@article{wells03,
  title = {Basin-centered asperities in great subduction zone
                  earthquakes: {A} link between slip, subsidence, and
                  subduction erosion?},
  author = {Wells, Ray E and Blakely, Richard J and Sugiyama,
                  Yuichi and Scholl, David W and Dinterman, Philip A},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 108,
  number = {B10},
  year = 2003,
  pages = 2507,
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002072}
}
@article{wells94,
  author = {Wells, D. L. and Coppersmith, K. J.},
  title = {New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture
                  Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface
                  Displacement},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {974--1002}
}
@article{wen00,
  author = {Wen, L.},
  title = {{Intense seismic scattering near the Earth's
                  core-mantle boundary beneath the Comoros hotspot}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {3627--2630}
}
@article{wen95,
  title = {The fate of slabs inferred from seismic tomography
                  and 130 million years of subduction},
  author = {Wen, Lianxing and Anderson, Don L},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 133,
  pages = {185--198},
  year = 1995
}
@article{wen97,
  author = {Wen, L. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Present-day plate motion constraint on mantle
                  rheology and convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {24639--24653}
}
@article{wen97b,
  author = {Wen, L. and Anderson, D. L.},
  title = {Slabs, hotspots, cratons and mantle convection
                  revealed from residual seismic tomography in the
                  upper mantle},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {131--143}
}
@article{wen98,
  title = {{Ultra-low velocity zones near the core-mantle
                  boundary from broadband PKP precursors}},
  author = {Wen, Lianxing and Helmberger, Donald V},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 279,
  pages = {1701--1703},
  year = 1998
}
@article{wenk06,
  author = {Wenk, H.-R. and Speziale, S. and McNamara, A. K. and
                  Garnero, E. J.},
  title = {Modeling lower mantle anisotropy development in a
                  subducting slab},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 245,
  pages = {302--314}
}
@article{wenk11,
  author = {Wenk, H.-R. and Cottaar, S. and Tom{\'{e}}, C. and
                  McNamara, A. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Deformation in the lowermost mantle: {F}rom
                  polycrystal plasticity to seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 306,
  pages = {33--45}
}
@article{wenk91,
  author = {Wenk, H.-R. and Bennett, K. and Canova, G. R. and
                  Molinari, A.},
  title = {Modelling plastic deformation of peridotite with the
                  self-consistent theory},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {8337--8349}
}
@article{wenk99,
  author = {Wenk, H.-R. and Tom{\'{e}}, C. N.},
  title = {Modeling dynamic recrystallization of olivine
                  aggregates deformed in simple shear},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {25513--25527}
}
@article{wennerberg97,
  author = {Wennerberg, L. and Sharp, R. V.},
  title = {Bulk-friction modeling of afterslip and the modified
                  {O}mori law},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 277,
  pages = {109--136},
  annote = {dieterich94, aftershocks, rate and state dependent
                  friction, afterslip, earthquake prediction?}
}
@article{wernicke08,
  author = {Wernicke, B. and Davis, J. L. and Niemi, N. A. and
                  Luffi, P.},
  title = {Active megadetachment beneath the western {United
                  States}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 113,
  number = {B11409},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005375}
}
@article{wernicke85,
  title = {Uniform-sense normal simple shear of the continental
                  lithosphere},
  author = {Wernicke, Brian},
  journal = {Canadian J. Earth sci.},
  volume = 22,
  pages = {108--125},
  year = 1985
}
@article{wesnousky05,
  author = {Wesnousky, S. G.},
  title = {{The San Andreas and Walker Lane fault systems,
                  western North America: transpression, transtension,
                  cumulative slip and the structural evolution of a
                  major transform plate boundary}},
  journal = {J. Struct. Geol.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 27,
  pages = {1505--1512}
}
@article{wesnousky06,
  author = {Wesnousky, S. G.},
  title = {Predicting the endpoints of earthquake ruptures},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 444,
  pages = {358--360}
}
@article{wesnousky88,
  author = {Wesnousky, S.},
  title = {Seismological and structural evolution of
                  strike-slip faults},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1988,
  volume = 335,
  pages = {340--342}
}
@article{wesnousky94,
  author = {Wesnousky, S.G.},
  title = {{The Gutenberg-Richter or characteristic earthquake
                  distribution, which is it?}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {1940--1959}
}
@article{wessel08,
  title = {{Pacific absolute plate motion since 145 Ma: An
                  assessment of the fixed hot spot hypothesis}},
  author = {Wessel, Paul and Kroenke, Loren W},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 113,
  number = {B06101},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005499},
  year = 2008
}
@article{wessel13,
  author = {Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F. and Scharroo, R. and
                  Luis, J. F. and Wobbe, F.},
  title = {{Generic Mapping Tools: I}mproved version released},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {409--410}
}
@article{wessel19,
  title = {The generic mapping tools version 6},
  author = {Wessel, Paul and Luis, JF and Uieda, L and Scharroo,
                  Remko and Wobbe, Florian and Smith, Walter HF and
                  Tian, Dongdong},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {5556--5564},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wessel95,
  author = {Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {New Version of the {G}eneric {M}apping {T}ools
                  Released},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 76,
  pages = 329
}
@article{wessel97,
  title = {A geometric technique for relocating hotspots and
                  refining absolute plate motions},
  author = {Wessel, Paul and Kroenke, Loren},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 387,
  pages = {365--369},
  year = 1997
}
@article{wessel98,
  author = {Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.},
  title = {New, improved Version of the {G}eneric {M}apping
                  {T}ools Released},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 79,
  pages = 579
}
@article{wessling72,
  author = {Wessling, F. C.},
  title = {Radiation and convection heat transfer from an
                  internally heated slab, cylinder or sphere},
  journal = {J. Heat Transf.},
  year = 1972,
  volume = 94,
  pages = {245--246}
}
@article{west09,
  author = {J. D. West and M. J. Fouch and J. B. Roth and
                  L. T. Elkins-Tanton},
  title = {Vertical mantle flow associated with a lithospheric
                  drip beneath the {Great Basin}},
  journal = {Nature Geosc.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 2,
  pages = {438--443}
}
@article{westergaard39,
  author = {Westergaard, H.M.},
  title = {{Bearing Pressures and Cracks}},
  journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
  year = 1939,
  volume = 6,
  pages = 49
}
@article{westerhaus02,
  author = {M. Westerhaus and M. Wyss and R. Yilmaz and
                  J. Zschau},
  title = {Correlating variations of $b$ values and crustal
                  deformations during the 1990s may have pinpointed
                  the rupture initiation of the {Mw=7.4 Izmit}
                  earthquake of 1999 {August} 17},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {139--152}
}
@techreport{wgs84,
  author = {NIMA},
  title = {{Department of Defense, World Geodetic System 1984,
                  Its definition and relationships with local geodetic
                  systems}},
  institution = {National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency},
  year = 1984,
  number = {8350.2},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf},
                  accesses 01/2024}
}
@article{whipple99,
  title = {{Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model:
                  Implications for height limits of mountain ranges,
                  landscape response timescales, and research needs}},
  author = {Whipple, Kelin X and Tucker, Gregory E},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 104,
  pages = {17661--17674},
  year = 1999
}
@article{white01,
  author = {White, R. S. and Minshull, T. A. and Bickle,
                  M. J. and Robinson, C. J.},
  title = {Melt Generation at Very Slow-Spreading Oceanic
                  Ridges: {C}onstraints from Geochemical and
                  Geophysical Data},
  journal = {J. Petrol.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {1171--1196}
}
@article{white05,
  title = {Volcanism, impact and mass extinctions: incredible
                  or credible coincidences?},
  author = {White, Rosalind V and Saunders, Andrew D},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = 79,
  pages = {299--316},
  year = 2005
}
@article{white19,
  title = {A Detailed Earthquake Catalog for the {San Jacinto
                  Fault}-Zone Region in {Southern California}},
  author = {White, Malcolm C. A. and Ben-Zion, Yehuda and
                  Vernon, Frank L.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {6908--6930},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@article{white82,
  title = {{Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts
                  and mantle evolution}},
  author = {White, William M and Hofmann, Albrecht W},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 296,
  pages = {821--825},
  year = 1982
}
@article{white85,
  author = {White, William M},
  title = {{Sources of oceanic basalts: Radiogenic isotopic
                  evidence}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {115--118}
}
@article{white89,
  title = {Magmatism at rift zones: the generation of volcanic
                  continental margins and flood basalts},
  author = {White, Robert and McKenzie, Dan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 94,
  pages = {7685--7729},
  year = 1989
}
@article{white97,
  title = {Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary
                  record},
  author = {White, Nicky and Lovell, Bryan},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 387,
  pages = {888--891},
  year = 1997
}
@article{whitehead15,
  author = {Whitehead, J. A. and Behn, M. D.},
  title = {The continental drift convection cell},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 42,
  pages = {4301--4308}
}
@article{whitehead75,
  title = {Dynamics of laboratory diapir and plume models},
  author = {Whitehead Jr, John A and Luther, Douglas S},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 80,
  pages = {705--717},
  year = 1975
}
@article{whitehouse05,
  author = {Whitehouse, P. L. and England, P. C. and Houseman,
                  G. A.},
  title = {A physical model for the motion of the {Sierra
                  Block} relative to {N}orth {A}merica},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 237,
  pages = {590--600}
}
@article{whitehouse18,
  title = {Glacial isostatic adjustment modelling: historical
                  perspectives, recent advances, and future
                  directions},
  author = {Whitehouse, Pippa L},
  journal = {Earth Surf. Dyn.},
  volume = 6,
  pages = {401--429},
  year = 2018
}
@article{whittaker07,
  author = {Whittaker, J. M. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and
                  Sdrolias, M. and Heine, C.},
  title = {{Sunda-Java trench kinematics, slab window formation
                  and overriding plate deformation since the
                  Cretaceous}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 255,
  pages = {445--457}
}
@article{whittaker92,
  author = {Whittaker, A. and Bott, M. H. P. and Waghorn, G. D.},
  title = {Stress and plate boundary forces associated with
                  subduction plate margins},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11933--11944}
}
@article{wibberley05,
  title = {Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained
                  by thermal pressurization},
  author = {Wibberley, Christopher AJ and Shimamoto, Toshihiko},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 436,
  pages = {689--692},
  year = 2005
}
@article{wibberley08,
  title = {Recent advances in the understanding of fault zone
                  internal structure: a review},
  author = {Wibberley, Christopher AJ and Yielding, Graham and
                  Di Toro, Giulio},
  journal = {Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub.},
  volume = 299,
  pages = {5--33},
  year = 2008,
  publisher = {Geological Society of London}
}
@article{wicht19,
  title = {Advances in geodynamo modelling},
  author = {Wicht, Johannes and Sanchez, Sabrina},
  journal = {Geophys. \& Astrophys. Fluid Dyn.},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {2--50},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wicks93,
  author = {Wicks Jr., C. W. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {A detailed map of the 660km-Kilometer discontinuity
                  beneath the {I}zu-{B}onin subduction zone},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 261,
  pages = {1424--1427}
}
@article{widiyantoro00,
  author = {Widiyantoro, S. and Gorbatov, A. and Kennett,
                  B. L. N. and Fukao, Y.},
  title = {Improving global shear wave traveltime tomography
                  using three-dimensional ray tracing and iterative
                  inversion},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {747--758}
}
@article{widiyantoro96,
  author = {Widiyantoro, S. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Structure and evolution of lithospheric slab beneath
                  the {S}unda arc, {I}ndonesia},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 271,
  pages = {1566--1569}
}
@article{widiyantoro97,
  author = {Widiyantoro, S. and van der Hilst, R. D.},
  title = {Mantle structure beneath {I}ndonesia inferred from
                  high-resolution tomographic imaging},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 130,
  pages = {167--182}
}
@article{wiechert97,
  title = {{{\"{U}}eber die Massenverteilung im Inneren der
                  Erde}},
  author = {Wiechert, Ernst},
  journal = {Nachr. Ges. Wiss. G{\"o}ttingen},
  volume = 1897,
  pages = {221--243},
  year = 1897
}
@inbook{wieczorek15,
  author = {Wieczorek, M. A.},
  title = {Gravity and topography of the terrestrial planets},
  chapter = 10,
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2015,
  series = {Treatise on Geophysics},
  pages = {103--112}
}
@article{wiederkehr09,
  title = {{Alpine orogenic evolution from subduction to
                  collisional thermal overprint: The 40Ar/39Ar age
                  constraints from the Valaisan Ocean, central Alps}},
  author = {Wiederkehr, Michael and Sudo, Masafumi and Bousquet,
                  Romain and Berger, Alfons and Schmid, Stefan M},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  volume = 28,
  number = {TC6009},
  year = 2009,
  doi = {10.1029/2009TC002496}
}
@article{wiemer96,
  title = {{Mapping the b-value anomaly at 100 km depth in the
                  Alaska and New Zealand subduction zones}},
  author = {Wiemer, Stefan and Benoit, John P},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 23,
  pages = {1557--1560},
  year = 1996
}
@article{wiemer97,
  author = {S. Wiemer and M. Wyss},
  title = {Mapping the frequency-magnitude distribution in
                  asperities: {A}n improved technique to calculate
                  recurrence times?},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {15115--15128}
}
@article{wiemer99a,
  author = {S. Wiemer and K. Katsumata},
  title = {Spatial variability of seismicity parameters in
                  aftershock zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {13135--13151}
}
@article{wiens06,
  author = {Wiens, D. A. and Kelley, K. A. and Plank, T.},
  title = {Mantle temperature variations beneath back-arc
                  spreading centers inferred from seismology,
                  petrology, and bathymetry},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 248,
  pages = {30--42}
}
@article{wiens85,
  author = {Wiens, D. A. and Stein, S.},
  title = {Implications of oceanic intraplate seismicity for
                  plate stresses, driving forces and rheology},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 116,
  pages = {143--162}
}
@article{wiens96,
  title = {Effect of slab temperature on deep-earthquake
                  aftershock productivity and magnitude--frequency
                  relations},
  author = {Wiens, Douglas A and Gilbert, Hersh J},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 384,
  pages = {153--156},
  year = 1996
}
@article{wiggins95,
  title = {{Magma migration and magmatic solitary waves in
                  3-D}},
  author = {Wiggins, Chris and Spiegelman, Marc},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 22,
  pages = {1289--1292},
  year = 1995
}
@unpublished{wikipedia,
  author = {{Wikipedia}},
  title = {The {F}ree {Encyclopedia}},
  note = {Online at \url{en.wikipedia.org/}, accessed 06/2006},
  year = 2006
}
@inproceedings{wilcock16,
  author = {Wilcock, W. S. and Schmidt, D. A. and Vidale,
                  J. E. and Harrington, M. J. and Bodin, P. and Cram,
                  G. S. and Delaney, J. R. and Gonzalez, F. I. and
                  Kelley, D. S. and LeVeque, R. J. and others},
  title = {{Designing an offshore geophysical network in the
                  Pacific Northwest for earthquake and tsunami early
                  warning and hazard research}},
  booktitle = {OCEANS 2016 MTS/IEEE Monterey},
  year = 2016,
  pages = {1--8},
  note = {{Proceedings of the IEEE Conference held September
                  19-23, 2016}}
}
@article{wilde97,
  author = {Wilde, M. and Stock, J.},
  title = {{Compression directions in southern California (from
                  Santa Barbara to Los Angeles Basin) obtained from
                  borehole breakouts}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {4969--4983}
}
@article{willeman81,
  author = {Willeman, R. J. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  title = {Support of topographic and other loads on the moon
                  and on the terrestrial planets},
  journal = {Proc. Lunar Planet Sci.},
  year = 1981,
  volume = {12B},
  pages = {837--851}
}
@article{willenbring10,
  title = {Long-term stability of global erosion rates and
                  weathering during late-{C}enozoic cooling},
  author = {Willenbring, Jane K and Von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 465,
  pages = {211--214},
  year = 2010
}
@article{willett02,
  author = {Willett, S. D. and Brandon, M. T.},
  title = {On steady states in mountain belts},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 30,
  pages = {175--178}
}
@inbook{willett04,
  author = {Willett, S. D. and Pope, D.},
  title = {Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at
                  Continental Margins},
  chapter = {Finite Element Models of Mechanical Processes in
                  Convergent Orogens},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = 2004
}
@article{willett14,
  title = {Dynamic reorganization of river basins},
  author = {Willett, Sean D and McCoy, Scott W and Perron, J
                  Taylor and Goren, Liran and Chen, Chia-Yu},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 343,
  pages = {1117--1127},
  year = 2014
}
@article{willett21,
  title = {{Bias and error in modelling thermochronometric
                  data: Resolving a potential increase in
                  Plio-Pleistocene erosion rate}},
  author = {Willett, Sean D and Herman, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and
                  Fox, Matthew and Stalder, Nadja and Ehlers, Todd A
                  and Jiao, Ruohong and Yang, Rong},
  journal = {Earth Surf. Dyn.},
  volume = 9,
  pages = {1153--1221},
  year = 2021
}
@article{willett93,
  author = {Willett, S. D. and Beaumont, C. and Fullsack, P.},
  title = {A mechanical model for the tectonics of doubly
                  vergent compressional orogens},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {371--374}
}
@article{willett99,
  author = {Willett, S. D.},
  title = {{Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on
                  the structure of mountain belts}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {28957--28981}
}
@article{williams00,
  title = {{Geological constraints on the Precambrian history
                  of Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit}},
  author = {Williams, George E},
  journal = {Rev. Geophys.},
  volume = 38,
  pages = {37--59},
  year = 2000
}
@article{williams01,
  title = {Hydrogen in the deep {E}arth},
  author = {Williams, Quentin and Hemley, Russell J},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 29,
  pages = {365--418},
  year = 2001
}
@article{williams15,
  author = {Williams, S. and Flament, N. and M{\"{u}}ller,
                  R. D. and Butterworth, N.},
  title = {Absolute plate motions since 130 {Ma} constrained by
                  subduction zone kinematics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 418,
  pages = {66--77}
}
@article{williams16,
  author = {Williams, S. and Flament, N. and M{\"{u}}ller, D.},
  title = {Alignment between seafloor spreading directions and
                  absolute plate motions through time},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2016,
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL067155}
}
@article{williams18,
  title = {The impact of realistic elastic properties on
                  inversions of shallow subduction interface slow slip
                  events using seafloor geodetic data},
  author = {Williams, Charles A and Wallace, Laura M},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 45,
  pages = {7462--7470},
  year = 2018
}
@article{williams19,
  title = {Primitive helium is sourced from seismically slow
                  regions in the lowermost mantle},
  author = {Williams, Curtis D and Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy and
                  Rudolph, Maxwell L and Romanowicz, B},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {4130--4145},
  year = 2019
}
@article{williams89,
  author = {Williams, G. E.},
  title = {Tidal rhythmites: geochronometers for the ancient
                  {E}arth-{M}oon system},
  journal = {Episodes},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {162--170}
}
@article{williams89b,
  title = {{Late Precambrian tidal rhythmites in South
                  Australia and the history of the Earth's rotation}},
  author = {Williams, George E},
  journal = {J. Geol. Soc. London},
  volume = 146,
  pages = {97--111},
  year = 1989
}
@article{williams91,
  author = {Williams, C. A. and Richardson, R. M.},
  title = {{A rheologically layered three-dimensional model of
                  the San Andreas fault in central and southern
                  California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {16597--16623}
}
@article{williams96,
  title = {Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of
                  {E}arth's mantle},
  author = {Williams, Quentin and Garnero, Edward J},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 273,
  pages = {1528--1530},
  year = 1996
}
@article{williams98,
  title = {A correlation between ultra-low basal velocities in
                  the mantle and hot spots},
  author = {Williams, Q and Revenaugh, J and Garnero, E},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 281,
  pages = {546--549},
  year = 1998
}
@article{wilson04,
  author = {Wilson, C. K. and Jones, C. H. and Molnar, P. and
                  Sheehan, A. F. and Boyd, O. S.},
  title = {Distributed deformation in the lower crust and upper
                  mantle beneath a continental strike-slip fault zone:
                  {Marlborough} Fault System, {South Island}, {New
                  Zealand}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  pages = 837
}
@article{wilson05a,
  author = {Wilson, D. and Aster, R. and Ni, J. and Grand,
                  S. and West, M. and Gao, W. and Baldridge, W.S. and
                  Semken, S.},
  title = {{Imaging the seismic structure of the crust and
                  upper mantle beneath the Great Plains, Rio Grande
                  rift, and Colorado Plateau using receiver
                  functions}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003492}
}
@article{wilson05b,
  author = {Wilson, D. and Aster, R.},
  title = {{Seismic imaging of the crust and uppermantle using
                  regularized joint receiver functions,frequency.wave
                  number filtering, and multimode Kirchhoff
                  migration}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 110,
  number = {B05305},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003430}
}
@article{wilson14,
  author = {Wilson, C. R. and Spiegelman, M. and van Keken,
                  P. E. and Hacker, B. R.},
  title = {Fluid flow in subduction zones: {T}he role of solid
                  rheology and compaction pressure},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 401,
  pages = {261--274}
}
@article{wilson17,
  title = {{Terra FERMA: The T ransparent F inite E lement R
                  apid M odel A ssembler for multiphysics problems in
                  E arth sciences}},
  author = {Wilson, Cian R and Spiegelman, Marc and van Keken,
                  Peter E},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {769--810},
  year = 2017
}
@article{wilson61,
  title = {Continental and oceanic differentiation},
  author = {Wilson, J Tuzo},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 192,
  pages = {125--128},
  year = 1961
}
@article{wilson63,
  author = {Wilson, J. T.},
  title = {A possible origin of the {H}awaiian {I}slands},
  journal = {Canad. J. Phys.},
  year = 1963,
  volume = 41,
  pages = {863--870}
}
@article{wilson65,
  author = {Wilson, J. T.},
  title = {A new class of faults and their bearing on
                  continental drift},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1965,
  volume = 207,
  pages = {343--347}
}
@article{wilson65b,
  title = {{Transform faults, oceanic ridges, and magnetic
                  anomalies southwest of Vancouver Island}},
  author = {Wilson, J Tuzo},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 150,
  pages = {482--485},
  year = 1965
}
@article{wilson66,
  author = {Wilson, J. T.},
  title = {Did the {A}tlantic close and then reopen?},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1966,
  volume = 211,
  pages = {676--681}
}
@article{wilson72,
  title = {Two types of mountain building},
  author = {Wilson, J Tuzo and Burke, Kevin},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 239,
  pages = {448--449},
  year = 1972
}
@article{wilson73,
  author = {Wilson, J. T.},
  title = {Mantle plumes and plate motions},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1973,
  volume = 19,
  pages = {149--164}
}
@article{winder01,
  author = {Winder, R. O. and Peacock, S. M.},
  title = {Viscous forces acting on subducting lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {21937--21951}
}
@article{windley93,
  author = {Windley, B. F. and Allen, M. B.},
  title = {{Mongolian plateau: Evidence for a late Cenozoic
                  mantle plume under central Asia}},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {295--298}
}
@article{winterbourne09,
  author = {Winterbourne, J. and Crosby, A. and White, N.},
  title = {Depth, age and dynamic topography of oceanic
                  lithosphere beneath heavily sedimented {A}tlantic
                  margins},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 287,
  pages = {137--151}
}
@article{winterbourne14,
  author = {Winterbourne, J. and White, N. and Crosby, A.},
  title = {Accurate measurements of residual topography from
                  the oceanic realm},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 33,
  doi = {10.1002/2013TC003372},
  pages = {982--1015},
  year = 2014
}
@article{wirth19,
  title = {Impact of Down-Dip Rupture Limit and High-Stress
                  Drop Subevents on Coseismic Land-Level Change during
                  {C}ascadia Megathrust Earthquakes},
  author = {Wirth, Erin A and Frankel, Arthur D},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 109,
  pages = {2187--2197},
  year = 2019
}
@misc{withers21,
  author = {Withers, T.},
  year = 2021,
  title = {Fugacity calculator},
  howpublished = {online at
                  \url{publish.uwo.ca/~awither5/fugacity/index.htm},
                  accessed 01/2022}
}
@article{woerd01,
  author = {van der Woerd, J. and Klinger, Y. and Sieh,
                  K. E. and Tapponnier, P. and Ryerson, F.},
  title = {{First Long-Term slip-Rate Along the San Andreas
                  Fault Based on $^{10}$Be-$^{26}$Al Surface Exposure
                  Dating: The Biskra Palms Site, 23~mm/yr for the last
                  30,000 years} (abstract)},
  journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 82,
  number = 47,
  pages = {S52D-0673}
}
@article{woerd06,
  author = {van der Woerd, J. and Klinger, Y. and Sieh, K. and
                  Tapponnier, P. and Ryerson, F. J. and Meriaux,
                  A. S.},
  title = {{Long-term slip rate of the southern San Andreas
                  Fault from Be-10-Al-26 surface exposure dating of an
                  offset alluvial fan}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B04407},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003559}
}
@inproceedings{wolf20,
  author = {S. Wolf and A.-A. Gabriel and M. Bader},
  title = {Optimization and Local Time Stepping of an {ADER-DG}
                  Scheme for Fully Anisotropic Wave Propagation in
                  Complex Geometries},
  booktitle = {Computational Science ICCS 2020},
  year = 2020,
  editor = {Krzhizhanovskaya, V.},
  volume = 12139,
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-50420-5_3},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@article{wolf22,
  author = {Wolf, S. G. and Huismans, R. S. and Braun, J. and
                  Xuan, X.},
  title = {Topography of mountain belts controlled by rheology
                  and surface processes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2022,
  volume = 606,
  pages = {516--521}
}
@article{wolfe09,
  title = {{Mantle shear-wave velocity structure beneath the
                  Hawaiian hot spot}},
  author = {Wolfe, Cecily J and Solomon, Sean C and Laske, Gabi
                  and Collins, John A and Detrick, Robert S and
                  Orcutt, John A and Bercovici, David and Hauri, Erik
                  H},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 326,
  number = 5958,
  year = 2009
}
@article{wolfe98,
  author = {Wolfe, C. J. and Solomon, S. C.},
  title = {Shear-wave splitting and implications for mantle
                  flow beneath the {MELT} region of the {E}ast
                  {P}acific rise},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 280,
  pages = {1230--1232}
}
@article{wolfe98b,
  author = {Wolfe, C. J. and Silver, P. G.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy of oceanic upper mantle: Shear
                  wave splitting methodologies and observations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {749--771}
}
@incollection{wolfson19,
  author = {Wolfson-Schwehr, M. and Boettcher, M. S.},
  title = {Global Characteristics of Oceanic Transform Fault
                  Structure and Seismicity},
  booktitle = {Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  editor = {J. C. Duarte},
  year = 2019,
  pages = {21--59}
}
@article{wollherr18,
  author = {S. Wollherr and A.-A. Gabriel and C. Uphoff},
  title = {Off-fault plasticity in three-dimensional dynamic
                  rupture simulations using a modal Discontinuous
                  Galerkin method on unstructured meshes:
                  {I}mplementation, verification, and application},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2018,
  volume = 214,
  pages = {1556--1584}
}
@article{wollherr19,
  title = {Landers 1992 reloaded: {I}ntegrative dynamic
                  earthquake rupture modeling},
  author = {Wollherr, Stephanie and Gabriel, A.-A. and Mai, P
                  Martin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {6666--6702},
  year = 2019
}
@article{wolstencroft09,
  title = {Nusselt--Rayleigh number scaling for spherical shell
                  {E}arth mantle simulation up to a {R}ayleigh number
                  of 10$^9$},
  author = {Wolstencroft, M and Davies, John Huw and Davies,
                  David Rhodri},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 176,
  pages = {132--141},
  year = 2009
}
@article{womack20,
  author = {Womack, V.Y. and Wood, C.V. and House, S.C. and
                  Quinn, S.C. and Thomas, S.B. and McGee, R. and
                  Byars-Winston, A},
  title = {Culturally aware mentorship: {L}asting impacts of a
                  novel intervention on academic administrators and
                  faculty},
  journal = {PLoS One},
  year = 2020,
  volume = 15,
  number = 8,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0236983}
}
@article{woodcock08,
  title = {Classification of fault breccias and related fault
                  rocks},
  author = {Woodcock, NH and Mort, K},
  journal = {Geological Mag.},
  volume = 145,
  pages = {435--440},
  year = 2008
}
@article{woodhouse84,
  author = {Woodhouse, J. H. and Dziewo{\'{n}}ski, A. M.},
  title = {Mapping the upper mantle: three dimensional modeling
                  of {E}arth structure by inversion of seismic
                  waveforms},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1984,
  volume = 89,
  pages = {5953--5986}
}
@article{woodhouse86,
  author = {Woodhouse, J. H. and Giardini, D. and Li, X.-D.},
  title = {Evidence for inner core anisotropy from free
                  oscillations},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 13,
  pages = {1549--1552}
}
@inproceedings{woods20,
  author = {K. Woods and L.M. Wallace and S.C. Webb and Y. Ito
                  and M.K. Savage and C.D. Chadwell and C.A. Williams
                  and R. Hino and K. Mochizuki and E. Warren-Smith and
                  D.H.N. Barker},
  title = {{Updip migration of slow slip revealed through
                  seafloor geodesy during the 2019 East Coast slow
                  slip at the Hikurangi margin (abstract)}},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  year = 2020,
  number = {T022-04},
  address = {Washington DC},
  organization = {American Geophysical Union}
}
@article{woodward88,
  author = {Woodward, R. S.},
  title = {On the form and position of mean sea level},
  journal = {United States Geolog. Survey Bull.},
  year = 1888,
  volume = 48,
  pages = {87--170}
}
@article{wookey02,
  author = {Wookey, J. and Kendall, J.-M. and Barruol, G.},
  title = {Mid-mantle deformation inferred from seismic
                  anisotropy},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 415,
  pages = {777-780}
}
@article{wookey04,
  author = {Wookey, J. and Kendall, J.-M.},
  title = {Evidence of midmantle anisotropy from shear wave
                  splitting and the influence of shear-coupled {P}
                  waves},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002871}
}
@article{wookey05,
  author = {Wookey, J. and Stackhouse, S. and Kendall, J.-M. and
                  Brodholt, J. and Price, G. D.},
  title = {Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase as an
                  explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 438,
  pages = {1004--1007}
}
@article{wookey05b,
  author = {Wookey, J. and Kendall, J.-M. and R{\"{u}}mpker, G.},
  title = {{Lowermost mantle anisotropy beneath the north
                  Pacific from differential S-ScS splitting}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 161,
  pages = {829--838}
}
@article{workman05,
  title = {Major and trace element composition of the depleted
                  MORB mantle (DMM)},
  author = {Workman, Rhea K and Hart, Stanley R},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 231,
  pages = {53--72},
  year = 2005
}
@article{wortel00,
  author = {Wortel, M. J. R. and Spakman, W.},
  title = {Subduction and slab detachment in the
                  {M}editerranean-{C}arpathian region},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 209,
  pages = {1910--1917}
}
@article{wortel82,
  author = {Wortel, M. J. R.},
  title = {Seismicity and rheology of subducted slabs},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 296,
  pages = {553--556}
}
@article{worthen14,
  author = {Worthen, J. and Stadler, G. and Petra, N. and
                  Gurnis, M. and Ghattas, O.},
  title = {Towards an adjoint-based inversion for rheological
                  parameters in nonlinear viscous mantle flow},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 234,
  pages = {23--34}
}
@article{wright04,
  title = {{InSAR observations of low slip rates on the major
                  faults of western Tibet}},
  author = {Wright, Tim J and Parsons, Barry and England, Philip
                  C and Fielding, Eric J},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 305,
  pages = {236--239},
  year = 2004
}
@article{wu08,
  author = {Wu, B. and Conrad, C. P. and Heuret, A. and
                  Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Lallemand, S.},
  title = {Reconciling strong slab pull and weak plate bending:
                  The plate motion constraint on the strength of
                  mantle slabs},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 272,
  pages = {412--421}
}
@article{wu14,
  title = {The scale-dependent slip pattern for a uniform fault
                  model obeying the rate-and state-dependent friction
                  law},
  author = {Wu, Yan and Chen, Xiaofei},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {4890--4906},
  year = 2014
}
@article{wu14b,
  author = {Wu, Z. and Wentzcovitch, R. M.},
  title = {Spin crossover in ferropericlase and velocity
                  heterogeneities in the lower mantle},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 111,
  pages = {10468--10472}
}
@article{wu23,
  title = {A Fast and Scalable Computational Framework for
                  Large-Scale High-Dimensional {Ba}yesian Optimal
                  Experimental Design},
  author = {Wu, Keyi and Chen, Peng and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {J. Uncert. Quant.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {235--261},
  year = 2023
}
@article{wu96,
  author = {Wu, Z. L. and Chen, Y. T. and Kim, S. G.},
  title = {Physical Significance of Earthquake Quanta},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {1623--1626},
  annote = {seismon}
}
@article{wuestefeld07,
  author = {W{\"{u}}stefeld, A. and Bokelmann, G.},
  title = {Null Detection in Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {1204--1211}
}
@article{wuestefeld08,
  author = {A. W{\"{u}}stefeld and G. Bokelmann and C. Zaroli
                  and G. Barruol},
  title = {{SplitLab: A shear-wave splitting environment in
                  Matlab}},
  journal = {Computers \& Geosc.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {515--528}
}
@article{wuestefeld09,
  author = {W{\"{u}}stefeld, A. and Bokelmann, G. H. R. and
                  Barruol, G. and Montagner, J.-P.},
  title = {Identifying global seismic anisotropy patterns by
                  correlating shear-wave splitting and surface-wave
                  data},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 176,
  pages = {198--212},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.gm.univ-montp2.fr/splitting/DB/}, accessed
                  09/2022}
}
@article{wuming92,
  author = {Bai, W. and Vigny, C. and Ricard, Y. and Froidevaux,
                  C.},
  title = {On the origin of deviatoric stresses in the
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11729--11737}
}
@article{wustefeld08,
  author = {W{\"{u}}stefeld, A. and Bokelmann, G. and Zaroli,
                  C. and Barruol, G.},
  title = {{SplitLab: A shear-wave splitting environment in
                  Matlab}},
  journal = {Comput. Geosc.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 34,
  pages = {518--528}
}
@article{wyatt94,
  author = {Wyatt, F. K. and Agnew, D. C. and M. Gladwin},
  title = {Continuous measurements of crustal deformation for
                  the {1992 Landers} earthquake sequence},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 84,
  pages = {768--779}
}
@article{wyss00,
  author = {Max Wyss and Danijel Schorlemmer and Stefan Wiemer},
  title = {Mapping asperities by minima of local recurrence
                  time: The {S}an {J}acinto-{E}lsinore fault zones},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {7829--7844}
}
@article{wyss01,
  title = {{Source and path of magma for volcanoes in the
                  subduction zone of northeastern Japan}},
  author = {Wyss, M and Hasegawa, A and Nakajima, J},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 28,
  pages = {1819--1822},
  year = 2001
}
@article{wyss02,
  author = {M. Wyss and S. Matsumura},
  title = {Most likely locations of large earthquakes in the
                  {K}anto and {T}okai areas, {J}apan, based on the
                  local recurrence times},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 131,
  year = 2002,
  pages = {173--184}
}
@article{xia04,
  author = {Xia, K. W. and Rosakis, A. J. and Kanamori, H.},
  title = {Laboratory earthquakes: the sub-{R}ayleigh to
                  supershear rupture transition},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 303,
  pages = {1859--1861}
}
@article{xia17,
  title = {Structural and rheological evolution of the
                  {Laramide} subduction channel in southern
                  {California}},
  author = {Xia, Haoran and Platt, John P},
  journal = {Solid Earth},
  volume = 8,
  number = 2,
  pages = 379,
  year = 2017
}
@article{xie04,
  title = {{Evolution of U-Pb and Sm-Nd systems in numerical
                  models of mantle convection and plate tectonics}},
  author = {Xie, Shunxing and Tackley, Paul J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 109,
  number = {B11204},
  doi = {10.1029/2004JB003176},
  year = 2004
}
@article{xie15,
  title = {Inferring the oriented elastic tensor from surface
                  wave observations: preliminary application across
                  the western {United States}},
  author = {Xie, Jiayi and Ritzwoller, Michael H and Brownlee,
                  SJ and Hacker, BR},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 201,
  pages = {996--1021},
  year = 2015
}
@article{xie17,
  title = {Crustal anisotropy across eastern {T}ibet and
                  surroundings modeled as a depth-dependent tilted
                  hexagonally symmetric medium},
  author = {Xie, Jiayi and Ritzwoller, Michael H and Shen,
                  Weisen and Wang, Weitao},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 209,
  pages = {466--491},
  year = 2017
}
@article{xu04,
  author = {Xu, P.},
  title = {Determination of regional stress tensors from
                  fault-slip data},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 157,
  pages = {1316--1330}
}
@article{xu04b,
  author = {Y. Xu and T. J. Shankland and S. Linhardt and
                  D. C. Rubie and F. Lagenhorst and K. Klasinsk},
  title = {Thermal diffusivity and conductivity of olivine,
                  wadsleyite and ringwoodite to 20 {GPa} and 1373 {K}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 143,
  pages = {321--336}
}
@article{xu06,
  author = {Xu, X. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Conrad, C. P.},
  title = {Reconstructions of {C}enozoic seafloor ages:
                  {I}mplications for sea level},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 243,
  pages = {552--564}
}
@article{xu08,
  author = {Xu, W. and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Stixrude,
                  L. and Ritsema, J.},
  title = {The effect of bulk composition and temperature on
                  mantle seismic structure},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 275,
  pages = {70--79}
}
@article{xu20a,
  title = {{Coseismic displacements and surface fractures from
                  Sentinel-1 InSAR: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes}},
  author = {Xu, Xiaohua and Sandwell, David T and Smith-Konter,
                  Bridget},
  journal = {Seismol. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {1979--1985},
  year = 2020
}
@article{xu20b,
  title = {{Surface deformation associated with fractures near
                  the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence}},
  author = {Xu, Xiaohua and Sandwell, David T and Ward, Lauren A
                  and Milliner, Chris WD and Smith-Konter, Bridget R
                  and Fang, Peng and Bock, Yehuda},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 370,
  pages = {605--608},
  year = 2020
}
@article{xu21,
  title = {{Integrated Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS Time-Series
                  Along the San Andreas Fault System}},
  author = {Xu, Xiaohua and Sandwell, David T and Klein, Emilie
                  and Bock, Yehuda},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 126,
  number = 11,
  pages = {{e2021JB022579}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{xue05,
  author = {Xue, M. and Allen, R. M.},
  title = {Asthenospheric channeling of the {I}celandic
                  upwelling: {E}vidence from seismic anisotropy},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2005,
  volume = 235,
  pages = {167--182}
}
@article{xue07,
  author = {Xue, M. and Allen, R. M.},
  title = {{The Fate of the Juan de Fuca Plate: Implications
                  for a Yellowstone plume head}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 264,
  pages = {266--276}
}
@article{yamamoto14,
  author = {Yamamoto, Yojiro and Obana, Koichiro and Kodaira,
                  Shuichi and Hino, Ryota and Shinohara, Masanao},
  title = {{Structural heterogeneities around the megathrust
                  zone of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake from tomographic
                  inversion of onshore and offshore seismic
                  observations}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 119,
  pages = {1165--1180},
  year = 2014
}
@article{yamanaka04,
  author = {Y. Yamanaka and M. Kikuchi},
  title = {Asperity map along the subduction zone in
                  northeastern {J}apan inferred from regional seismic
                  data},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 109,
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002683}
}
@article{yamashita21,
  title = {Two end-member earthquake preparations illuminated
                  by foreshock activity on a meter-scale laboratory
                  fault},
  author = {Yamashita, Futoshi and Fukuyama, Eiichi and Xu,
                  Shiqing and Kawakata, Hironori and Mizoguchi, Kazuo
                  and Takizawa, Shigeru},
  journal = {Nature comm.},
  volume = 12,
  pages = 4302,
  year = 2021
}
@article{yamashita92,
  author = {Yamashita, T. and Knopoff, L.},
  title = {Model for Intermediate-Term Precursory Clustering of
                  Earthquakes},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {19873--19879}
}
@article{yamashita94,
  author = {Yamashita, T. and Umeda, Y.},
  title = {Earthquake Rupture Complexity Due to Dynamic
                  Nucleation and Interaction of Subsidiary Faults},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 143
}
@article{yamashita95,
  author = {Yamashita, T.},
  title = {Simulation of seismicity due to ruptures on
                  noncoplanar interactive faults},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {8339--8350}
}
@article{yamashita96,
  author = {Yamashita, T. and Fukoyama, Eiichi},
  title = {Apparent critical slip displacement caused by the
                  existence of a fault zone},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 125,
  pages = {459--472},
  annote = {cracks, earthquakes, fault slip, boundary integral}
}
@article{yamato09,
  title = {Influence of surrounding plates on {3D} subduction
                  dynamics},
  author = {Yamato, Philippe and Husson, Laurent and Braun, Jean
                  and Loiselet, Christelle and Thieulot, C{\'e}dric},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 36,
  number = {L07303},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL036942.7},
  year = 2009
}
@article{yamato13,
  author = {Yamato, Y. and Husson, L. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Pedoja, K.},
  title = {Passive margins getting squeezed in the mantle
                  convection vice},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 31,
  pages = {1--12}
}
@article{yan23,
  title = {Post-seismic gravity change modelling based on
                  non-linear power-law upper mantle rheology},
  author = {Yan, Changda and Miyazaki, Shin’ichi},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  volume = 235,
  pages = {2581--2597},
  year = 2023
}
@article{yanagisawa10,
  author = {Yanagisawa, T. and Yamagishi, Y. and Hamano, Y. and
                  Stegman, D. R.},
  title = {Mechanism for generating stagnant slabs in {3-D}
                  spherical mantle convection models at {E}arth-like
                  conditions},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 183,
  pages = {341--352}
}
@article{yanagisawa99,
  author = {Yanagisawa, T. and Hamano, Y.},
  title = {``{S}kewness'' of {S}-wave velocity in the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {791--794}
}
@article{yanclayton07,
  author = {Yan, Zhimei and Clayton, R. W.},
  title = {{Regional mapping of the crustal structure in
                  southern California from receiver functions}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2007}},
  volume = {{112}},
  number = {{B5}},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004622}
}
@article{yang06,
  author = {Yang, Y. and Forsyth, D. W.},
  title = {Rayleigh wave phase velocities, small-scale
                  convection, and azimuthal anisotropy beneath
                  southern {California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  number = {B07306},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB04180}
}
@article{yang06b,
  author = {Yang, Y. and Forsyth, D.},
  title = {Regional tomographic inversion of amplitude and
                  phase of {R}ayleigh waves with 2-{D} sensitivity
                  kernels},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 166,
  pages = {1148--1160}
}
@article{yang08,
  author = {Z. Yang and H. P. Zhang and M. Marder},
  title = {Dynamics of static friction between steel and
                  silicon},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {13264--13268}
}
@article{yang11,
  author = {Z. Yang and A. Sheehan and P. Shearer},
  title = {{Stress-induced upper crustal anisotropy in southern
                  California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 116,
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007655}
}
@article{yang12,
  author = {W. Yang and E. Hauksson and P. Shearer},
  title = {{Computing a large refined catalog of focal
                  mechanisms for southern California (1981 -- 2010):
                  Temporal stability of the style of faulting}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 102,
  pages = {1179--1194}
}
@article{yang12b,
  title = {Effects of subducted seamounts on megathrust
                  earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation},
  author = {Yang, Hongfeng and Liu, Yajing and Lin, Jian},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 39,
  number = {L24302},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GL053892},
  year = 2012
}
@article{yang13,
  author = {Yang, W. and Hauksson, E.},
  title = {The tectonic crustal stress field and style of
                  faulting along the {Pacific North America Plate}
                  boundary in {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 194,
  pages = {100--117}
}
@article{yang13b,
  author = {Y.-R. Yang and K. M. Johnson and R. Y. Chuang },
  title = {{Inversion for absolute deviatoric crustal stress
                  using focal mechanisms and coseismic stress changes:
                  The 2011 M9 Tohoku-oki, Japan, earthquake}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {5516--5529}
}
@article{yang16,
  author = {Yang, T. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Dynamic topography, gravity and the role of lateral
                  viscosity variations from inversion of global mantle
                  flow},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 207,
  pages = {1186--1202}
}
@article{yang18,
  title = {Slab avalanche-induced tectonics in self-consistent
                  dynamic models},
  author = {Yang, Ting and Gurnis, Michael and Zahirovic, Sabin},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 746,
  pages = {251--265},
  year = 2018
}
@article{yang19,
  year = 2019,
  volume = 124,
  pages = {10376--10392},
  author = {Hongfeng Yang and Suli Yao and Bing He and Andrew
                  V. Newman and Huihui Weng},
  title = {Deriving Rupture Scenarios From Interseismic Locking
                  Distributions Along the Subduction Megathrust},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth}
}
@article{yang20,
  title = {Intraplate volcanism originating from upwelling
                  hydrous mantle transition zone},
  author = {Yang, Jianfeng and Faccenda, Manuele},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 579,
  pages = {88--91},
  year = 2020
}
@article{yang21,
  title = {Subduction-Induced Back-Arc Extension Versus
                  Far-Field Stretching: {C}ontrasting Modes for
                  Continental Marginal Break-Up},
  author = {Yang, Shuting and Li, Zhong-Hai and Wan, Bo and
                  Chen, Ling and Kaus, Boris JP},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 22,
  number = 3,
  pages = {{e2020GC009416}},
  year = 2021
}
@article{yang22,
  title = {Subduction initiation triggered by collision: {A}
                  review based on examples and models},
  author = {Yang, Gaoxue},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 232,
  pages = 104129,
  year = 2022
}
@article{yang23,
  title = {Influence of creep compaction and dilatancy on
                  earthquake sequences and slow slip},
  author = {Yang, Yuyun and Dunham, Eric M},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {e2022JB025969},
  year = 2023
}
@article{yang95,
  author = {Yang, X. and Fischer, K. M. and Abers, G. A.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy beneath the {S}humagin {I}sland
                  segment of the {A}leutian-{A}laska subduction zone},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {18165--18177}
}
@article{yarce14,
  author = {Yarce, Y. and Monsalve, G. and Becker, T. W. and
                  Cardona, A. and Poveda, E. and Alvira, D. and
                  Ordo{\~{n}}ez-Carmona, O.},
  title = {{Seismological observations in Northwestern South
                  America: Evidence for two subduction segments,
                  contrasting crustal thicknesses and upper mantle
                  flow}},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 637,
  pages = {57--67}
}
@article{yarce19,
  title = {Seismicity at the northern {Hikurangi Margin, New
                  Zealand}, and investigation of the potential spatial
                  and temporal relationships with a shallow slow slip
                  event},
  author = {Yarce, J and Sheehan, AF and Nakai, JS and Schwartz,
                  SY and Mochizuki, K and Savage, MK and Wallace, LM
                  and Henrys, SA and Webb, SC and Ito, Y and
                  Abercrombie, R. E. and Fry, B. and Shaddox, H. and
                  Todd, E. K.},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 124,
  pages = {4751--4766},
  year = 2019
}
@article{yarushina15,
  author = {Yarushina, Viktoriya M. and Podladchikov, Yuri Y.},
  title = {{(De)}compaction of porous viscoelastoplastic media:
                  {M}odel formulation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 120,
  pages = {4146--4170},
  year = 2015
}
@article{yayanos95,
  title = {Microbiology to 10,500 meters in the deep sea},
  author = {Yayanos, A Aristides},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Microbio.},
  volume = 49,
  pages = {777--804},
  year = 1995
}
@article{ye16,
  title = {Rupture characteristics of major and great
                  {(Mw$\ge$7.0)} megathrust earthquakes from 1990 to
                  2015: 1. {S}ource parameter scaling relationships},
  author = {Ye, Lingling and Lay, Thorne and Kanamori, Hiroo and
                  Rivera, Luis},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 121,
  pages = {826--844},
  year = 2016
}
@article{ye18,
  title = {Global variations of large megathrust earthquake
                  rupture characteristics},
  author = {Ye, Lingling and Kanamori, Hiroo and Lay, Thorne},
  journal = {Science adv.},
  volume = 4,
  pages = {eaao4915},
  year = 2018
}
@article{yin00,
  author = {Yin, A. and Harrison, T. M.},
  title = {Geologic evolution of the {Himalayan-Tibetan}
                  orogen},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 28,
  pages = {211--280}
}
@article{yin11,
  author = {Yin, A. and Taylor, M.},
  title = {A paired-simple-shear-zone model for the formation
                  of conjugate strike-slip faults: {A}n alternative to
                  the classic {Anderson} fault theory},
  journal = {GSA Bull.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 123,
  pages = {1798--1821}
}
@article{yin96,
  author = {Yin, Z.-M. and Rogers, G.C.},
  title = {Towards a Physical Understanding of Earthquake
                  Scaling Relations},
  journal = {Pure Appl. Geophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 146,
  pages = {661--675}
}
@article{yoffe60,
  author = {Yoffe, E. H.},
  title = {The angular dislocation},
  journal = {Philos. Mag.},
  year = 1960,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {161--175}
}
@article{yohler19,
  title = {{Time-dependent behavior of a near-trench slow-slip
                  event at the Hikurangi subduction zone}},
  author = {Yohler, R and Bartlow, N and Wallace, LM and
                  Williams, C},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 20,
  pages = {4292--4304},
  year = 2019
}
@article{yokota15,
  author = {Yokota, Y. and Koketsu, K.},
  title = {A very long-term transient event preceding the 2011
                  {Tohoku} earthquake},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 6,
  number = 5934,
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms6934}
}
@article{yokota16,
  author = {Y. Yokota and T. Ishikawa and S.-i. Watanabe and
                  T. Tashiro and A. Asada},
  title = {{Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate
                  coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 534,
  pages = {374--377}
}
@article{yoshida01,
  author = {Yoshida, M. and Honda, S. and Kido, M. and Iwase,
                  Y.},
  title = {Numerical simulation for the prediction of the plate
                  motions: effects of lateral viscosity variations in
                  the lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planets Space},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {709--721}
}
@article{yoshida08,
  author = {Yoshida, M.},
  title = {Mantle convection with longest-wavelength thermal
                  heterogeneity in a {3-D} spherical model: {D}egree
                  one or two?},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 35,
  number = {L23302},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL036059}
}
@article{yoshida09,
  author = {Yoshida, M. and Nakakuki, T.},
  title = {Effects on the long-wavelength geoid anomaly of
                  lateral viscosity variations caused by stiff
                  subducting slabs, weak plate margins and lower
                  mantle rheology},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {278--288}
}
@article{yoshida10,
  author = {Yoshida, M. },
  title = {Preliminary three-dimensional model of mantle
                  convection with deformable, mobile continental
                  lithosphere},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2010,
  volume = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  pages = {205--218}
}
@article{yoshida12,
  author = {K. Yoshida and A. Hasegawa and T. Okada and
                  T. Iinuma and Y Ito and Y. Asano},
  title = {{Stress before and after the 2011 great Tohoku-oki
                  earthquake and induced earthquakes in inland areas
                  of eastern Japan}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2012,
  volume = 39,
  number = {L03302},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL049729}
}
@article{yoshida12b,
  title = {{Dynamic role of the rheological contrast between
                  cratonic and oceanic lithospheres in the longevity
                  of cratonic lithosphere: A three-dimensional
                  numerical study}},
  author = {Yoshida, Masaki},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  volume = 532,
  pages = {156--166},
  year = 2012
}
@article{yoshida15,
  title = {{Pangea breakup and northward drift of the Indian
                  subcontinent reproduced by a numerical model of
                  mantle convection}},
  author = {Yoshida, Masaki and Hamano, Yozo},
  journal = {Scient. Rep.},
  volume = 5,
  number = 1,
  pages = 8407,
  year = 2015
}
@article{yoshida17,
  title = {On approximations of the basic equations of
                  terrestrial mantle convection used in published
                  literature},
  author = {Yoshida, Masaki},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  volume = 268,
  pages = {11--17},
  year = 2017
}
@article{yoshimitsu14,
  title = {Magnitude $-7$ level earthquakes: {A} new lower
                  limit of self-similarity in seismic scaling
                  relationships},
  author = {Yoshimitsu, Nana and Kawakata, Hironori and
                  Takahashi, Naoki},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 41,
  pages = {4495--4502},
  year = 2014
}
@article{yoshioka89,
  author = {Yoshioka, S. and Hashimoto, M. and Hirahara, K.},
  title = {Displacement fields due to the 1946 {N}ankaido
                  earthquake in a laterally inhomogeneous structure
                  with the subducting {P}hilippine {S}ea plate --a
                  three dimensional finite element approach},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1989,
  volume = 159,
  pages = {121--136}
}
@article{yoshioka95,
  author = {Yoshioka, S. and Wortel, M. J. R.},
  title = {Three-dimensional numerical modeling of detachment
                  of subducted lithosphere},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {20223-20244}
}
@article{yoshioka97,
  author = {Yoshioka, S. and Daessler, R. and Yuen, D. A.},
  title = {Stress fields associated with metastable phase
                  transitions in descending slabs and deep-focus
                  earthquakes},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1997,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {345--361}
}
@article{young18,
  author = {A. Young and N. Flament and K. Maloney and
                  S. Williams and K. Matthews and S. Zahirovic and
                  R.. D. M{\"{u}}ller},
  title = {{Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction
                  zones since the late Paleozoic Era}},
  journal = {Geosc. Frontiers},
  year = 2018,
  doi = {10.1016/j.gsf.2018.05.011}
}
@article{yousefi20,
  title = {{Constraining Interseismic Deformation of the
                  Cascadia Subduction Zone: New Insights From
                  Estimates of Vertical Land Motion Over Different
                  Timescales}},
  author = {Yousefi, Maryam and Milne, Glenn and Li, Shaoyang
                  and Wang, Kelin and Bartholet, Alan},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 125,
  pages = {{e2019JB018248}},
  year = 2020
}
@inproceedings{yu13,
  author = {J. Yu and T. W. Becker and J. Hardebeck and {SCEC
                  CSM working group}},
  title = {The {SCEC Community Stress Model} web site -- v.0.1},
  booktitle = {Annual Meeting 2014, {Proceedings Volume XXIII}},
  pages = 159,
  year = 2013,
  address = {Los Angeles, CA},
  publisher = {Southern California Earthquake Center},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{www.scec.org/meetings/2013am/SCEC2013Proceedings.pdf},
                  also see \url{sceczero.usc.edu/projects/CSM}, both
                  accessed 10/2014}
}
@article{yu18,
  title = {Ultralow velocity zone locations: {A} global
                  assessment},
  author = {Yu, Shule and Garnero, Edward J},
  journal = {Geochem., Geophys., Geosys.},
  volume = 19,
  pages = {396--414},
  year = 2018
}
@article{yu94,
  author = {Yu, Y. and Park, J.},
  title = {Hunting for azimuthal anisotropy beneath the
                  {P}acific {O}cean region},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15399--15421}
}
@article{yu96,
  author = {Yu, T.-T. and Rundle, J. B. and Fern{\'{a}}ndez, J.},
  title = {Surface deformation due to a strike-slip fault in an
                  elastic gravitational layer overlying a viscoelastic
                  graviational half-space},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {3199--3214},
  annote = {correction in 1999 JGR, yu99}
}
@article{yu99,
  author = {Yu, T.-T. and Rundle, J. B. and Fern{\'{a}}ndez, J.},
  title = {{Correction to ``Surface deformation due to a
                  strike-slip fault in an elastic gravitational layer
                  overlying a viscoelastic graviational half-space''
                  by Ting-To Yu, John B.\ Rundle, and Jos{\'{e}}
                  Fern{\'{a}}ndez}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 104,
  pages = {15313--15315}
}
@article{yuan10,
  author = {Yuan, H. and Romanowicz, B. A.},
  title = {Lithospheric Layering in the {North American}
                  Continent},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 466,
  pages = {1063--1069}
}
@article{yuan11,
  author = {Yuan, H. and Romanowicz, B. A. and Fischer,
                  K. M. and Abt, D.},
  title = {{3-D shear wave radially and azimuthally anisotropic
                  velocity model of the North American upper mantle}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 184,
  pages = {1237--1260}
}
@article{yuan13,
  author = {Yuan, K. and Beghein, C.},
  title = {Seismic anisotropy changes across upper mantle phase
                  transitions},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 374,
  pages = {132--144}
}
@article{yuan18,
  title = {{A 6000-year-long paleoseismologic record of
                  earthquakes along the Xorkoli section of the Altyn
                  Tagh fault, China}},
  author = {Yuan, Zhaode and Liu-Zeng, Jing and Wang, Wei and
                  Weldon II, Ray J and Oskin, Michael E and Shao,
                  Yanxiu and Li, Zhanfei and Li, Zhigang and Wang,
                  Peng and Zhang, Jinyu},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 497,
  pages = {193--203},
  year = 2018
}
@article{yuan23,
  title = {{Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth's basal
                  mantle anomalies}},
  author = {Yuan, Qian and Li, Mingming and Desch, Steven J and
                  Ko, Byeongkwan and Deng, Hongping and Garnero,
                  Edward J and Gabriel, Travis SJ and Kegerreis, Jacob
                  A and Miyazaki, Yoshinori and Eke, Vincent and
                  Asimov, P. D.},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = 623,
  pages = {95--99},
  year = 2023
}
@article{yuen78,
  author = {Yuen, D. A. and Fleitout, L. and Schubert, G. and
                  Froidevaux, C.},
  title = {Shear deformation zones along major transform faults
                  and subducting slabs},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1978,
  volume = 54,
  pages = {93--119}
}
@article{yuen85,
  author = {Yuen, D. A. and Sabadini, R.},
  title = {Viscosity stratification of the lower mantle as
                  inferred from the $\dot{J}_2$ observation},
  journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
  year = 1985,
  volume = 3,
  pages = {647--654}
}
@article{yuen87,
  author = {Yuen, D. A. and Quareni, F. and Hong, H.-J.},
  title = {Effects from equation of state and rheology in
                  dissipative heating in compressible mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 326,
  pages = {67--69}
}
@article{yuen94,
  author = {Yuen, D. and Reuteler, D. M. and Balachandar, S. and
                  Steinbach, V. and Malevsky, A. V. and Smedmoa,
                  J. J.},
  title = {Various influences on three-dimensional mantle
                  convection with phase transitions},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {185--203}
}
@article{yuzhao18,
  author = {Yu, Youqiang and Zhao, Dapeng},
  title = {{Lithospheric deformation and asthenospheric flow
                  associated with the Isabella anomaly in southern
                  California}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2018}},
  volume = {{123}},
  pages = {{8842--8857}},
  doi = {10.1029/2018JB015873}
}
@article{zabusky65,
  title = {Interaction of ``solitons'' in a collisionless
                  plasma and the recurrence of initial states},
  author = {Zabusky, Norman J and Kruskal, Martin D},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = 15,
  pages = 240,
  year = 1965
}
@article{zachariasen95,
  author = {Zachariasen, J. and Sieh, K. E.},
  title = {The transfer of slip between two en echelon
                  strike-slip faults: {A} case study from the 1992
                  {L}anders earthquake, {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 100,
  pages = {15281--15301},
  month = {August}
}
@article{zachos01,
  title = {{Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate
                  65 Ma to present}},
  author = {Zachos, James and Pagani, Mark and Sloan, Lisa and
                  Thomas, Ellen and Billups, Katharina},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = 292,
  pages = {686--693},
  year = 2001
}
@article{zahirovic15,
  author = {Zahirovic, S. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and Seton,
                  M. and Flament, N.},
  title = {Tectonic speed limits from plate kinematic
                  reconstructions},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 418,
  pages = {40--52}
}
@article{zal20,
  author = {Hubert Jerzy Zal and Katrina Jacobs and Martha Kane
                  Savage and Jefferson Yarce and Stefan Mroczek and
                  Kenny Graham and Erin K. Todd and Jenny Nakai and
                  Yuriko Iwasaki and Anne Sheehan and Kimihiro
                  Mochizuki and Laura Wallace and Susan Schwartz and
                  Spahr Webb and Stuart Henrys},
  title = {Temporal and spatial variations in seismic
                  anisotropy and {$V_P/V_S$} ratios in a region of
                  slow slip},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 532,
  pages = 115970,
  year = 2020
}
@article{zaliapin08,
  title = {Clustering analysis of seismicity and aftershock
                  identification},
  author = {Zaliapin, Ilya and Gabrielov, Andrei and
                  Keilis-Borok, Vladimir and Wong, Henry},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = 101,
  pages = 018501,
  year = 2008
}
@article{zaliapin13,
  author = {Zaliapin, I. and Ben-Zion, Y.},
  title = {{Earthquake clusters in southern California I:
                  Identification and stability}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2013,
  volume = 118,
  pages = {2847--2864}
}
@article{zandt04,
  author = {G. Zandt and H. Gilbert and T. J. Owens and M. Ducea
                  and C. H. Jones},
  title = {{Active foundering of a continental arc root beneath
                  the southern Sierra Nevada in California}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 431,
  pages = {41--46}
}
@article{zandt08,
  author = {Zandt, G. and Humphreys, E.},
  title = {Toroidal mantle flow through the western {U.S.} slab
                  window},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 36,
  pages = {295--298}
}
@article{zang98,
  author = {Zang, A. and Wagner, F. C. and Stanchits, S. and
                  Dresen, G. and Andresen, R. and Haidek, M. A.},
  title = {{Source analysis of acoustic emissions in Aue
                  granite cores under symmetric and asymmetric
                  compressive loads}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 135,
  pages = {1113--1130}
}
@article{zarifi07,
  author = {Zarifi, Z. and Havskov, J. and Hanyga, A.},
  title = {An insight into the {B}ucaramanga nest},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 443,
  pages = {93--105}
}
@article{zatman01,
  author = {Zatman, S. and Gordon, R. G. and Richards, M. A.},
  title = {Analytic models for the dynamics of diffuse oceanic
                  plate boundaries},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 145,
  pages = {145--156}
}
@article{zechar08,
  author = {Zechar, J. and Jordan, T.},
  title = {Testing alarm-based earthquake predictions},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 172,
  pages = {715--724}
}
@article{zeck96,
  author = {Zeck, H. P.},
  title = {Betic-{R}if orogeny: subduction of {M}esozoic
                  {T}ethys lithosphere under eastward drifting
                  {I}beria, slab detachment shortly before 22 {M}a,
                  and subsequent uplift and extensional tectonics},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 254,
  pages = {1--16}
}
@article{zengshen16,
  author = {Zeng, Yuehua and Shen, Zheng-Kang},
  title = {{A Fault-Based Model for Crustal Deformation, Fault
                  Slip Rates, and Off-Fault Strain Rate in
                  California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = {{2016}},
  volume = {{106}},
  pages = {{766--784}}
}
@article{zengshen17,
  author = {Zeng, Yuehua and Shen, Zheng-Kang},
  title = {{A Fault-Based Model for Crustal Deformation in the
                  Western United States Based on a Combined Inversion
                  of GPS and Geologic Inputs}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = {{2017}},
  volume = {{107}},
  pages = {{2597--2612}}
}
@article{zengthurber19,
  author = {Zeng, Xiangfang and Thurber, Clifford},
  title = {{Three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure
                  revealed with ambient noise tomography in the
                  Parkfield, California region}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = {{2019}},
  volume = {{292}},
  pages = {{67--75}}
}
@article{zerr93,
  author = {Zerr, A. and Boehler, R.},
  title = {Melting of ({Mg}, {Fe}){SiO$_3$}-perovskite to 625
                  kilobars: indication of a high melting temperature
                  in the lower mantle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 262,
  pages = {553--555}
}
@article{zerr94,
  author = {Zerr, A. and Boehler, R.},
  title = {Constraints on the melting temperature of the lower
                  mantle from high-pressure experiments on {MgO} and
                  magnesiowustite},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 371,
  pages = {506--508}
}
@incollection{zeumann14,
  author = {S. Zeumann and R. Sharma and R. Gassm{\"{o}}ller and
                  T. Jahr and G. Jentzsch},
  title = {New Finite-Element Modelling of Subduction Processes
                  in the {A}ndes Using Realistic Geometries},
  booktitle = {Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = 2014,
  editor = {C. Rizos and P. Willis},
  volume = 139,
  series = {International Association of Geodesy Symposia},
  pages = {105--111},
  address = {Berlin Heidelberg}
}
@article{zhai11,
  author = {Zhai, Y. and A. Levander},
  title = {{Receiver function imaging in strongly laterally
                  heterogeneous crust: Synthetic modeling of BOLIVAR
                  data}},
  journal = {Eq. Sci.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 24,
  pages = {45--54}
}
@article{zhan17,
  author = {Zhan, Z.},
  title = {{Gutenberg–Richter law for deep earthquakes
                  revisited: a dual-mechanism hypothesis}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2017,
  volume = 461,
  pages = {1--7}
}
@article{zhan20,
  title = {Mechanisms and implications of deep earthquakes},
  author = {Zhan, Zhongwen},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  volume = 48,
  pages = {147--174},
  year = 2020
}
@article{zhang00,
  author = {Zhang, S. and Karato, S.-i. and Gerald, J. F. and
                  Faul, U. H. and Zhou, Y.},
  title = {Simple shear deformation of olivine aggregates},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 316,
  pages = {133--152}
}
@article{zhang03,
  author = {Zhang, H. J. and Thurber, C. H.},
  title = {{Double-difference tomography: The method and its
                  application to the Hayward fault, California}},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 93,
  pages = {1875--1889}
}
@article{zhang04,
  author = {Zhang, Z.-K. and Wang, M. and Gan, W. and
                  B{\"{u}}rgmann, R. and Wang, Q. and Niu, Z. and Sun,
                  J. and Wu, J. and Hanrong, S. and Xinzhao, Y.},
  title = {Continuous deformation of the {Tibetan Plateau} from
                  global positioning system data},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {809--812}
}
@article{zhang04b,
  author = {Zhang, H. J. and Thurber, C. H. and Shelly, D. and
                  Ide, S. and Beroza, G. C. and Hasegawa, A.},
  title = {High-resolution subducting slab structure beneath
                  northern {Honshu, Japan}, revealed by double
                  difference tomography},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = 2004,
  volume = 32,
  pages = {361--364}
}
@article{zhang10,
  author = {Zhang, N. and S. Zhong and W. Leng and Z.-X. Li},
  title = {{A model for the evolution of the Earth's mantle
                  structure since the Early Paleozoic}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2010,
  volume = 115,
  number = {B06401},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006896}
}
@article{zhang11,
  title = {{Heat fluxes at the Earth's surface and core--mantle
                  boundary since Pangea formation and their
                  implications for the geomagnetic superchrons}},
  author = {Zhang, Nan and Zhong, Shijie},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 306,
  pages = {205--216},
  year = 2011
}
@article{zhang22,
  author = {Zhang, Han and Schmandt, Brandon and Zhou, Wen-Yi
                  and Zhang, Jin S. and Maguire, Ross},
  title = {{A Single 520 km Discontinuity Beneath the
                  Contiguous United States With Pyrolitic Seismic
                  Properties}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 49,
  number = 24,
  pages = {{e2022GL101300}},
  year = 2022
}
@article{zhang91,
  author = {Zhang, Y. S. and Tanimoto, T.},
  title = {Global {L}over wave phase velocity variation and its
                  significance to plate tectonics},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 1991,
  volume = 66,
  pages = {160--202}
}
@article{zhang93,
  author = {Zhang, S. and Christensen, U.},
  title = {Some effects of lateral viscosity variations on
                  geoid and surface velocities induced by density
                  anomalies in the mantle},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 114,
  pages = {531--547}
}
@article{zhang95,
  author = {Zhang, S. and Karato, S.-i.},
  title = {Lattice preferred orientation of olivine aggregates
                  deformed in simple shear},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 375,
  pages = {774--777}
}
@article{zhang96,
  author = {Zhang, Y. S. and Lay, T. },
  title = {Global surface wave phase velocity variations},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8415--8436}
}
@article{zhao00,
  author = {Zhao, S. and Takemoto, S.},
  title = {Deformation and stress change associated with plate
                  interaction at subduction zones: a kinematic
                  modeling},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {300--318}
}
@article{zhao00a,
  author = {Zhao, S. and Takemoto, S.},
  title = {Deformation and stress change associated with plate
                  interaction at subduction zones: a kinematic
                  modelling},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 142,
  pages = {300--318}
}
@article{zhao00b,
  author = {Zhao, L. and Jordan, T. H. and Chapman, C. H.},
  title = {Three-dimensional {F}r{\'{e}}chet differential
                  kernels for seismic delay times},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 141,
  pages = {558--576}
}
@article{zhao02,
  author = {Zhao, D. and Mishra, O. P. and Sanda, R.},
  title = {Influence of fluids and magma on earthquakes:
                  seismological evidence},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 132,
  pages = {249--267}
}
@article{zhao04,
  title = {Solubility of hydrogen in olivine: dependence on
                  temperature and iron content},
  author = {Zhao, Yong-Hong and Ginsberg, SB and Kohlstedt,
                  David L},
  journal = {Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.},
  volume = 147,
  pages = {155--161},
  year = 2004
}
@article{zhao09,
  author = {Zhao, D. and Tian, Y. and Lei, J. and Liu, L. and
                  Zheng, S.},
  title = {{Seismic image and origin of the Changbai intraplate
                  volcano in East Asia: role of big mantle wedge above
                  the stagnant Pacific slab}},
  journal = {Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.},
  year = 2009,
  volume = 173,
  pages = {197--206}
}
@article{zhao11,
  author = {D. Zhao and Z. Huang and N. Umino and A. Hasegawa
                  and H. Kanamori},
  title = {Structural heterogeneity in the megathrust zone and
                  mechanism of the 2011 {Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw
                  9.0)}},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 2011,
  volume = 38,
  number = {L17308},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GL048408}
}
@article{zhao15,
  title = {{First seismic evidence for continental subduction
                  beneath the Western Alps}},
  author = {Zhao, Liang and Paul, Anne and Guillot, St{\'e}phane
                  and Solarino, Stefano and Malus{\`a}, Marco G and
                  Zheng, Tianyu and Aubert, Coralie and Salimbeni,
                  Simone and Dumont, Thierry and Schwartz,
                  St{\'e}phane and others},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = 43,
  pages = {815--818},
  year = 2015
}
@article{zhao86,
  title = {Origin of convex accretionary wedges: {Evidence from
                  Barbados}},
  author = {Zhao, W-L and Davis, DM and Dahlen, FA and Suppe, J},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {10246--10258},
  year = 1986
}
@article{zheng03,
  title = {Stable isotope geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure
                  metamorphic rocks from the {Dabie--Sulu orogen in
                  China: implications for geodynamics and fluid
                  regime}},
  author = {Zheng, Yong-Fei and Fu, Bin and Gong, Bing and Li,
                  Long},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 62,
  pages = {105--161},
  year = 2003
}
@article{zheng14,
  author = {Zheng, L. and Gordon, R. G. and Kreemer, C.},
  title = {Absolute plate velocities from seismic anisotropy:
                  Importance of correlated errors},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2014,
  volume = 119,
  pages = {7336--7352}
}
@article{zheng16,
  author = {L. Zheng and D. May and T. Gerya and M. Bostock},
  title = {Fluid-assisted deformation of the subduction
                  interface: Coupled and decoupled regimes from 2-{D}
                  hydromechanical modeling},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 121,
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013102},
  pages = {6132--6149}
}
@article{zheng94,
  author = {Zheng, X. and Vere-Jones, D.},
  title = {Further applications of the stochastic stress
                  release model to historical earthauake data},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 229,
  pages = {101--121}
}
@article{zheng96,
  author = {Zheng, G. and Dmowska, R. and Rice, J. R.},
  title = {Modeling earthquake cycles in the {S}humagin
                  subduction segment, {A}laska, with seismic and
                  geodetic constraints},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 101,
  pages = {8383--8392}
}
@incollection{zhiren94,
  author = {Zhiren, N. and Chen, D.},
  title = {Period-Doubling bifurcation and chaotic phenomena in
                  a single degree of freedom elastic system with a
                  two-state variable friction law},
  booktitle = {Nonlinear dynamics and predictability of geophysical
                  phenomena},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 1994,
  editor = {Newman, W. I. and Gabrielov, A. and Turcotte, D. L.},
  volume = 83,
  series = {Geophys. Mono.},
  pages = {75--80},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}
@article{zhong00,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Zuber, M. T. and Moresi, L. N. and
                  Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Role of temperature-dependent viscosity and surface
                  plates in spherical shell models of mantle
                  convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2000,
  volume = 105,
  pages = {11063--11082}
}
@article{zhong01,
  author = {Zhong, S.},
  title = {Role of ocean-continent contrast and continental
                  keels on plate motion, net rotation of lithosphere,
                  and the geoid},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {703--712}
}
@article{zhong01b,
  author = {S. Zhong and M. T. Zuber},
  title = {{Degree-1 mantle convection and the crustal
                  dichotomy on Mars}},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2001,
  volume = 189,
  pages = {75--84}
}
@article{zhong02,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Watts, A. B.},
  title = {Constraints on the dynamics of mantle plumes from
                  uplift of the {H}awaiian islands},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2002,
  volume = 203,
  pages = {105--116}
}
@article{zhong03,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Hager, B. H.},
  title = {Entrainment of a dense layer by thermal plumes},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 2003,
  volume = 154,
  pages = {666--676}
}
@article{zhong06,
  author = {Zhong, S.},
  title = {Constraints on thermochemical convection of the
                  mantle from plume heat flux, plume excess
                  temperature and upper mantle temperature},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003972}
}
@article{zhong07,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Zhang, N. and Li, Z.-X. and Roberts,
                  J. H.},
  title = {Supercontinent cycles, true polar wander, and very
                  long wavelength mantle convection},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 261,
  pages = {551--564}
}
@article{zhong07b,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Ritzwoller, M. and Shapiro, N. and
                  Landuyt, W. and Huang, J. and Wessel, P.},
  title = {Bathymetry of the {Pacific} plate and its
                  implications for thermal evolution of lithosphere
                  and mantle dynamics},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2007,
  volume = 112,
  number = {B06412},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004628}
}
@incollection{zhong07c,
  author = {Zhong, S. J. and Yuen, D. A. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Numerical methods in mantle convection},
  booktitle = {Treatise in Geophysics},
  pages = {227--252},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = 2007,
  editor = {Schubert, G. and Bercovici, D.},
  volume = 7
}
@unpublished{zhong08_mg,
  author = {Zhong, S.},
  title = {Iterative solutions of {PDE}},
  note = {Available online at
                  \url{anquetil.colorado.edu/szhong/TEMP/tutorial_mg.tar.gz},
                  accessed 10/2008},
  year = 2008
}
@article{zhong13,
  title = {{Lithospheric deformation induced by loading of the
                  Hawaiian Islands and its implications for mantle
                  rheology}},
  author = {Zhong, Shijie and Watts, AB},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 118,
  pages = {6025--6048},
  year = 2013
}
@article{zhong92,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Viscous flow model of a subduction zone with a
                  faulted lithosphere: long and short wavelength
                  topography, gravity},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 18,
  pages = {1891--1894}
}
@article{zhong93,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Dynamic feedback between a continentlike raft and
                  thermal convection},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1993,
  volume = 98,
  pages = {12219--12232}
}
@article{zhong94,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Controls on trench topography from dynamic models of
                  subducted slabs},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15683--15695}
}
@article{zhong94b,
  title = {Role of plates and temperature-dependent viscosity
                  in phase change dynamics},
  author = {Zhong, Shijie and Gurnis, Michael},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 99,
  pages = {15903--15917},
  year = 1994
}
@article{zhong95,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Mantle Convection with Plates and Mobile, Faulted
                  Plate Margins},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 267,
  pages = {838--842}
}
@article{zhong95b,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {Towards a realistic simulation of plate margins in
                  mantle convection},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 22,
  pages = {981--984}
}
@article{zhong96,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M.},
  title = {{Interaction of weak faults and non-Newtonian
                  rheology produces plate tectonics in a 3D model of
                  mantle flow}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 383,
  pages = {245--247}
}
@article{zhong98,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Gurnis, M. and Moresi, L. N.},
  title = {Role of faults, nonlinear rheology, and viscosity
                  structure in generating plates from instantaneous
                  mantle flow models},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1998,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {15255--15268}
}
@article{zhong99b,
  author = {Zhong, S. and Davies, G. F.},
  title = {Effects of plate and slab viscosities on geoid},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  year = 1999,
  volume = 170,
  pages = {487--496}
}
@article{zhou06,
  author = {Zhou, Y. and Nolet, G. and Dahlen, F. A. and Laske,
                  G.},
  title = {Global upper-mantle structure from finite-frequency
                  surface-wave tomography},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 2006,
  volume = 111,
  doi = {10.1029/2005JB003677}
}
@article{zhou18,
  author = {Zhou, Q. and Hu, J. S. and Liu, L. J. and Chaparro,
                  T. and Stegman, D.R. and Faccenda, M.},
  title = {Western {US} seismic anisotropy revealing complex
                  mantle dynamics},
  journal = {Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.},
  volume = 500,
  pages = {156--167},
  year = 2018
}
@article{zhou23,
  title = {{Viscoelastic response of a self-gravitational
                  spherical Earth to shear dislocation obtained using
                  the Fixed-Talbot method}},
  author = {Zhou, Xin and Wang, Kelin},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 128,
  pages = {e2022JB025912},
  year = 2023
}
@article{zhou90,
  author = {Zhou, H.-W.},
  title = {Observations on earthquake stress axes and seismic
                  morphology of deep slabs},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1990,
  volume = 103,
  pages = {377--401}
}
@article{zhou95,
  author = {Zhou, H. and Chen, G.},
  title = {{Waveform response to the morphology of 2-D
                  subducted slabs}},
  journal = {Geophys. J. Int.},
  year = 1995,
  volume = 121,
  pages = {511--522}
}
@article{zhu16,
  title = {Seismic Moment Tensor Inversion Using {3D} Velocity
                  Model and Its Application to the 2013 {L}ushan
                  Earthquake Sequence},
  author = {Zhu, Lupei and Zhou, Xiaofeng},
  year = 2016,
  volume = 95,
  pages = {10--18},
  journal = {Phys. Chem. Earth, A/B/C}
}
@article{zhu16a,
  title = {A {B}ayesian approach to estimate uncertainty for
                  full-waveform inversion using a priori information
                  from depth migration},
  author = {Zhu, Hejun and Li, Siwei and Fomel, Sergey and
                  Stadler, Georg and Ghattas, Omar},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {R307--R323},
  year = 2016
}
@article{zhu16b,
  title = {Inversion of geothermal heat flux in a
                  thermomechanically coupled nonlinear {S}tokes ice
                  sheet model},
  author = {Zhu, Hongyu and Petra, Noemi and Stadler, Georg and
                  Isaac, Tobin and Hughes, Thomas JR and Ghattas,
                  Omar},
  journal = {The Cryosphere},
  volume = 10,
  pages = {1477--1494},
  year = 2016
}
@article{zhu19,
  title = {Seismic Signal Denoising and Decomposition Using
                  Deep Neural Networks},
  author = {Zhu, Weiqiang and Mousavi, S. Mostafa and Beroza,
                  Gregory C.},
  year = 2019,
  volume = 57,
  pages = {9476--9488},
  journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosc. Remote Sens.}
}
@article{zhu20,
  title = {Fault valving and pore pressure evolution in
                  simulations of earthquake sequences and aseismic
                  slip},
  author = {Zhu, Weiqiang and Allison, Kali L and Dunham, Eric M
                  and Yang, Yuyun},
  journal = {Nature Comm.},
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1--11},
  year = 2020
}
@article{zhu96,
  author = {Zhu, L. and D. V. Helmberger},
  title = {Advancement in source estimation techniques using
                  broadband regional seismograms },
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  year = 1996,
  volume = 86,
  pages = {163--1641}
}
@article{zhukanamori00,
  author = {Zhu, LP and Kanamori, H},
  title = {{Moho depth variation in southern California from
                  teleseismic receiver functions}},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = {{2000}},
  volume = {{105}},
  number = {{B2}},
  pages = {{2969--2980}},
  doi = {10.1029/1999JB900322}
}
@article{ziegler04,
  title = {Dynamic processes controlling evolution of rifted
                  basins},
  author = {Ziegler, Peter A and Cloetingh, Sierd},
  journal = {Earth-Sci. Rev.},
  volume = 64,
  pages = {1--50},
  year = 2004
}
@article{zielke08,
  title = {Depth variation of coseismic stress drop explains
                  bimodal earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution},
  author = {Zielke, O and Arrowsmith, JR},
  journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  volume = 35,
  number = {L24301},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL036249},
  year = 2008
}
@article{zielke15,
  author = {Zielke, O. and Klinger, Y. and Arrowsmith, J. R.},
  title = {Fault slip and earthquake recurrence along
                  strike-slip faults -- {C}ontributions of
                  high-resolution geomorphic data},
  journal = {Tectonophys.},
  year = 2015,
  volume = 638,
  pages = {43--62}
}
@article{zielke23,
  title = {{MCQsim: A multicycle earthquake simulator}},
  author = {Zielke, Olaf and Mai, Paul Martin},
  journal = {Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.},
  volume = 113,
  pages = {889–-908},
  year = 2023
}
@book{zienkiewicz71,
  author = {Zienkiewicz, O.C.},
  title = {The Finite Element Method},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Company},
  year = 1971,
  address = {London}
}
@book{zienkiewicz77,
  author = {Zienkiewicz, O.C.},
  title = {The Finite Element Method},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Company},
  year = 1977,
  address = {London},
  edition = 3
}
@article{zindler82,
  author = {Zindler, A. and Jagoutz, E. and Goldstein, S. },
  title = {{Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic systematics in a
                  three-component mantle: A new perspective}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = 1982,
  volume = 298,
  pages = {519--523}
}
@article{zindler86,
  author = {Zindler, A. and Hart, S. R.},
  title = {Chemical geodynamics},
  journal = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
  year = 1986,
  volume = 14,
  pages = {493--571}
}
@book{zippel96,
  author = {Zippel, R.},
  title = {{\tt renumber}: {P}rogramm zur {O}ptimierung der
                  Knotennumerierung},
  publisher = {{E}rstellt im {R}ahmen der {D}iplomarbeit: {\em
                  {N}umerische {M}odellierung der elastischen
                  {E}igenschaften partiell geschmolzener {G}esteine}},
  year = 1996,
  address = {Institut f{\"{u}}r Meteorologie und Geophysik der
                  Universit{\"{a}}t {F}rankfurt am {M}ain}
}
@article{zoback87,
  author = {Zoback, M. D. and Zoback, M. L. and Mount, V. S. and
                  Suppe, J. and Eaton, J. P. and Healy, J. H. and
                  Oppenheimer, D. and Reasenberg, P. and Jones, L. and
                  Raleigh, C. B. and Wong, I. G. and Scotti, O. and
                  Wentworth, C},
  title = {New evidence on the state of stress of the {San
                  Andreas} fault system},
  journal = {Science},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 238,
  pages = {1105--1111}
}
@article{zoback92,
  author = {Zoback, M. L.},
  title = {First- and second-order patterns of stress in the
                  lithosphere: The {W}orld {S}tress {M}ap project},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  year = 1992,
  volume = 97,
  pages = {11703--11728}
}
@article{zoback94,
  author = {Zoback, M. L. and McKee, E. H. and Blakely,
                  R. J. and Thompson, G. A.},
  title = {The northern {N}evada rift: Regional
                  tectono-magmatic relations and middle {M}iocene
                  stress direction},
  journal = {Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.},
  year = 1994,
  volume = 106,
  pages = {371--382}
}
@book{zohdi07,
  author = {Zohdi, T. I.},
  title = {An Introduction to Modeling and Simulation of
                  Particulate Flows},
  publisher = {SIAM},
  year = 2007
}
@article{zuber86,
  author = {Zuber, M. T. and Parmentier, E. M. and Fletcher,
                  R. C.},
  title = {Extension of the continental lithosphere: A model
                  for two scales of {B}asin and {R}ange deformation},
  journal = {J. Geophys. Res.: Sol. Earth},
  volume = 91,
  pages = {4826--4838},
  year = 1986
}

This file was generated by bibtex2html 1.99.