Landscape structure forms the template for ecological processes and is closely linked to ecosystem services, though feedbacks between ecological processes and landscape structure are often poorly understood. The sediment redistribution feedback is an underappreciated mechanism through which self-organized patterning of aquatic ecosystems can emerge. In an evolving lotic system, emergent vegetation patches accumulate sediment autogenically and through particle deposition. As patches grow, they impact water levels, velocities, and topography across the landscape. We simulated this feedback with a numerical model, which we executed using multiple combinations of hydraulic, sediment, and environmental characteristics (e.g., initial water level, peat production rates). Results showed that this feedback can cause emergence of many types of wetland landscape patterns found throughout the world, including ridges and sloughs oriented parallel to flow, which has not been previously understood.